Fungicidal combinations, compositions and uses thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fungicidal combination. In particular, the present invention relates to a fungicidal combination comprising a multisite fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts or analogues. The present invention also relates to a fungicidal composition comprising said fungicidal combination, and to methods of using the same to control fungal infestations in plants, crops or parts thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a fungicidal combination. Specifically, this invention relates to a fungicidal combination comprising a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. This invention also relates to a fungicidal composition comprising said fungicidal combination, and a method of using it to control fungal infection in plants, crops, or parts thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Fungicides play a vital role in agriculture by controlling, eradicating, or preventing fungal pathogens from invading and damaging crops, thereby protecting crop growth, health, and yield. However, the continued use of conventionally known fungicides has led to resistance in fungal pathogens, creating a need for new fungicides or synergistic combinations of fungicides. The demands for responsible environmental sustainability also necessitate the use of safe and effective fungicides that achieve their objectives with minimal dosage.

[0003] Multisite fungicides work by targeting numerous metabolic sites within fungi. Because they have many target sites, these fungicides are generally at a lower risk of inducing fungicide resistance. Multisite fungicides, such as copper-based or sulfur-based fungicides, are safe options against fungal pathogens and are widely used by agricultural workers. To maximize their benefits, these fungicides need to be combined with agents that will help deliver optimal effects at reduced dosages. Therefore, there is a need for effective and synergistic fungicidal solutions that incorporate multisite fungicides, particularly copper-based and sulfur-based fungicides.

[0004] Purpose of the invention

[0005] This invention addresses the aforementioned unmet needs regarding time and objectives, filling the gap in newer, more effective, and synergistic fungicidal combinations and resulting solutions. One object of this invention is to provide a fungicidal solution effective at lower dosages. Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide a novel, effective fungicidal combination comprising a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. Another object of this invention is to provide a novel, effective fungicidal combination comprising a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. Another object of this invention is to provide a synergistic fungicidal combination comprising a fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. Another object of this invention is to provide a synergistic fungicidal combination comprising a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. An object of this invention is to provide a method for controlling fungal infection of plants, crops, or parts thereof by applying said combination or a composition comprising said combination. An object of this invention is to provide a method for controlling fungal diseases in plants, crops, or parts thereof by applying said combination or a composition comprising said combination. One object of the present invention is to improve plant health, growth, and yield by applying the said combination or a composition containing the said combination. Another object of the present invention is to reduce the dosage of fungicides without affecting the efficiency of controlling fungal infection in plants, crops, or parts thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One aspect of the present invention provides a novel and effective antifungal combination comprising a fungicide; and salicylic acid, its salt or the like.

[0007] One aspect of the present invention provides an antifungal combination comprising a multi-site antifungal agent; and salicylic acid, its salts or the like.

[0008] One aspect of the present invention provides a fungicide-effective composition comprising a fungicide; and salicylic acid, its salt or the like.

[0009] One aspect of the present invention provides a fungicide-effective composition comprising a multi-site fungicide; salicylic acid, its salts or the like; and an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0010] One aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling fungal infection of plants, crops or parts thereof, the method comprising applying a multi-site fungicide; and a fungicide-effective combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0011] One aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling fungal diseases in plants, crops or parts thereof, the method comprising applying a combination of a multi-site fungicide; and a fungicide-effective combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0012] One aspect of the present invention provides a method for improving plant health, growth and yield, the method comprising applying a fungicide comprising a multi-site fungicide; and a fungicide-effective combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0013] In one implementation, a 10% to 90% dose reduction of multisite fungicides is achieved by the combinations, compositions, or methods covered by the present invention compared to standard farmer practices.

[0014] One aspect of the invention provides the use of a multi-site fungicide; and a fungicide-effective combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition containing said combination for controlling fungal infection and / or fungal diseases of plants, crops or parts thereof.

[0015] One aspect of the present invention provides a multi-component kit comprising: a first component containing a multi-site fungicide; and a second component containing salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. The first and / or second components may also contain agriculturally acceptable excipients.

[0016] One aspect of the present invention provides a multi-component kit comprising: a first component comprising a multi-site fungicide; a second component comprising salicylic acid, its salts or the like; and optionally a third or more components comprising agriculturally acceptable excipients.

[0017] In one embodiment, the multipart kit may also include a set of instructions regarding the mixing, use, and application of the components contained therein. Detailed Implementation

[0018] For the purposes of the following detailed description, it should be understood that the invention may take various alternative variations and sequences of steps unless expressly indicated to the contrary. Furthermore, except in any operational example, or where otherwise indicated, all figures representing the amount of material / component used, for example, in the specification, should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “about” and are intended to cover variations of ±10%, ±5%, ±1%, ±0.5%, or even ±0.1% of the specified value, as well as the specified value itself.

[0019] Therefore, before describing the invention in detail, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific exemplified system or process parameters that may vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Examples used anywhere in this specification (including examples of any terms discussed herein) are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope or meaning of the invention or any exemplified terminology. Similarly, the invention is not limited to the various embodiments given in this specification. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In case of any conflict, this document (including the definitions) shall prevail.

[0020] It should be noted that, as used in this specification, the singular forms “an,” “a,” and “the” include plural references unless expressly stated otherwise. The terms “preferred” and “ideally” refer to embodiments of the invention that may provide certain benefits in certain circumstances.

[0021] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” etc., should be understood as open-ended, meaning including but not limited to.

[0022] In any aspect or embodiment described below, the phrase includes phrases that can be replaced with "consisting of," "substantially composed of," or "essentially composed of." In these aspects or embodiments, the described combination or composition includes or comprises, consists of, is substantially composed of, or is substantially composed of the specific components listed herein, excluding other herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plant growth promoters, adjuvants, or excipients not specifically listed herein.

[0023] The term "plant" includes, but is not limited to, germinating seeds, germinating seedlings, plants germinating from vegetative propagules, and mature vegetation. As used herein, the term "plant" means any vegetation that the compositions of this disclosure may be applied for any purpose or for any treatment. The term encompasses the whole plant or parts thereof, such as stems, branches, bark, pistils, flowers, petals, sepals, roots, rhizomes, buds, bulbs, tubers, petioles, nodes, internodes, leaves, leaflets, meristems, root tips, shoot tips, fruits, reproductive organs (such as anthers, stamens, carpels, ovaries, styles, stigmas), etc. The term also encompasses seeds, seedlings, or any plant propagation material. The term "plant propagation material" should be understood to mean all reproductive parts of a plant, such as seeds and vegetative plant material, such as cuttings and tubers (e.g., potatoes), which can be used for plant propagation. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, buds, and other parts of the plant. This may also include seedlings and young plants transplanted after germination or emergence from the soil. These plant propagation materials may be preventively treated with plant protection compounds at or before planting or transplanting. In one embodiment, the term includes agronomically useful plants, such as vegetable, fruit, and cereal crops, as well as ornamental plants. Agronomically useful plants are angiosperms selected from the group consisting of: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Lamyraceae, Liliaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Poaceae, and Vitaceae. The term includes crops, cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts, vines, nursery plants, and flowers. Non-limiting examples of target plants include corn, cereals such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, sorghum, millet, triticale, buckwheat, etc.; cotton, soybeans, sugar beets, intercropping crops, legumes, *Granaria* species, sugarcane, tobacco, etc.; oilseeds such as rapeseed, peanuts / groundnuts, rapeseed, sunflower, etc.; vegetables: nightshade vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, chili pepper, potato, etc.; cucurbitaceous vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, cantaloupe, squash, gourd, melon, etc.; cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white radish, horseradish, kale, cabbage, Indian mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kale, etc.; and Asteraceae vegetables such as burdock, etc. Artemisia, artichokes, lettuce, etc.; Liliaceae vegetables, such as green onions, onions, shallots, garlic, and asparagus; Apiaceae vegetables, such as carrots, parsley, celery, parsley, leeks, etc.; Chenopodiaceae vegetables, such as spinach, beets, etc.; Mintaceae vegetables, such as perilla, mint, basil, etc.; Herbs and spices, such as coriander, chamomile, cinnamon, catnip, cloves, fennel, curry, coriander, cinnamon, cardamom, dill, anise, juniper, lavender, parsley, rosemary, calendula, mustard, nutmeg, fennel, poppy, thyme, vanilla, saffron, poppy, sage, holly, etc.; Flowers, foliage plants, lawn grasses; Fruits: pomegranates, such as apples, pears, quince, guava, etc.Stone fruits, such as peaches, plums, nectarines, cherries, apricots, and prunes; citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, tangerines, malta, kumquats, pomelos, mandarins, oranges, and Jamaican ugly oranges; nuts, such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, macadamia nuts, pecans, cashews, hazelnuts, and pine nuts; berries, such as cranberries, strawberries, blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, raspberries, red berries, Darjoy blueberries, dewberries, thornless berries, evergreen blackberries, European blackberries, hullberries, lavacaberries, loganberries, lowberries, lucretiaberries, mammoth blackberries, purple blueberries, blackberries, and mures. Deronce, nectarberry, olallieberry, evergreen berry, extraordinary berry, rangeberry, ravenberry, rossberry, dewberry, Thai berry, Young's strawberry, blackberry, wild cherries, currants, elderberries, Berberis berries, currants, honeysuckle, American blueberries, hybrid currants, Juneberries, blueberries, Salmonella, sea buckthorn, waxberry, buffalo strawberry, bitter cherry, pink passion fruit, mulberry, bearberry, European blueberry, cloudberry, muntries, cranberry, etc.; grapes, persimmons, kiwifruit, olives, plums, bananas, coffee, dates, coconuts, papayas, persimmons, avocados, dragon fruit Pomegranate, lychee, jackfruit, pineapple, passion fruit, sapodilla, etc.; trees other than fruit trees; tea trees, mulberry trees, flowering plants; trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, lilac, maple, oak, poplar, redbud, sweetgum, sycamore, zelkova, Japanese cypress, fir, hemlock, juniper, pine, spruce, and yew, etc.; other crops such as chives, daylilies, hostas, fritillaria, wolfberry, okra, peas, hops, beans, guar gum, radishes, amaranth, jute, fenugreek, lentils, chickpeas, artichokes, rhubarb, licorice, sweet potato, Japanese yam, taro, ornamental grasses (ornamental grasslands, turf, etc.), their varieties and cultivars.

[0024] Effective control of fungal diseases in plants, crops, or parts thereof can be achieved through the appropriate use of fungicides. The activity of fungicides can be enhanced in various ways to achieve maximum benefit. One way is by using different combinations of fungicides. However, identifying appropriate combinations, their agrochemical application rates, and the ratios of these combinations is essential, but not directly necessary, for achieving effective control. Therefore, this disclosure fills this gap by providing novel, effective combinations of fungicides that can also be synergistic in action and effect.

[0025] Therefore, one embodiment of the present invention provides a novel and effective antifungal combination comprising an antifungal agent and salicylic acid, its salt or the like.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the fungicide is a multi-site fungicide.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the fungicide is a multi-site fungicide. In a preferred embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is selected from inorganic fungicides, dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitriles, sulfonamides, biguanides, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimides, thiocarbamates, or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the multisite fungicide is an inorganic fungicide selected from copper, copper complexes, copper salts, sulfur, sulfur complexes, sulfur salts, and combinations thereof; a dithiocarbamate selected from mancozeb, ferrous sulfate, mancozeb, mancozeb, propineb, thiram, zinc, thiazole, mancozeb, thiram, and combinations thereof; a phthalimide selected from captan, thiophanate-methyl, captan, and combinations thereof; a chlorothalonil, such as chlorothalonil; a sulfonamide selected from benzylfluorosulfanilamide, toluenesulfonamide, and combinations thereof; a biguanide selected from biguanide octyl salt, biguanide octylamine, and combinations thereof; a triazine, such as thiophanate-methyl; a quinone, such as dithiazoline; a quinoxaline selected from fenvalerate, abamectin, and combinations thereof; a maleimide, such as a fluoroimide; a thiocarbamate, such as sulfadiazine; or a combination thereof.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the multisite fungicide is copper.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is copper sulfate or tribasic copper sulfate.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is mancozeb.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is captan.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is captan.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is thiram.

[0034] In one embodiment, the fungicide is a multi-site fungicide as provided in this specification, provided that the multi-site fungicide does not contain mancozeb. Therefore, the multi-site fungicide is an inorganic fungicide selected from copper, copper complexes, copper salts, sulfur, sulfur complexes, sulfur salts, and combinations thereof; a dithiocarbamate selected from mancozeb, ferrous sulfate, mancozeb, mancozeb, propineb, thiram, zinc, thiazole, zineb, thiram, and combinations thereof; a phthalimide selected from captan, thiophanate-methyl, captan, and combinations thereof; a chlorothalonil, such as chlorothalonil; a sulfonamide selected from benzylfluorosulfanilamide, toluenesulfonamide, and combinations thereof; a biguanide selected from biguanide octyl salt, biguanide octylamine, and combinations thereof; a triazine, such as thiophanate-methyl; a quinone, such as dithiazoline; a quinoxaline selected from fenvalerate, abamectin, and combinations thereof; a maleimide, such as a fluoroimide; a thiocarbamate, such as sulfadiazine; or a combination thereof.

[0035] One embodiment of the present invention provides an antifungal combination comprising a multi-site antifungal agent; and salicylic acid, its salts or the like.

[0036] In one embodiment, analogues of salicylic acid include 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, benzothiadiazole, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-methylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, aramidobenzene-S-methyl, β-aminobutyric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0037] In one embodiment, the salts of salicylic acid include sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts of salicylic acid, as well as any salts generally understood by those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the salt is potassium salicylate.

[0038] In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:100 to about 100:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:90 to about 90:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:80 to about 80:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:70 to about 70:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:60 to about 60:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:50 to about 50:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:40 to about 40:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:30 to about 30:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:20 to about 20:1. In one embodiment, a multi-site fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogs are combined in a ratio ranging from about 1:10 to about 10:1.

[0039] In one embodiment, the antifungal composition of the present invention comprises copper and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. In another embodiment, the antifungal composition of the present invention comprises copper and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in a ratio ranging from about 1:60 to 60:1. In yet another embodiment, the composition comprises potassium salicylate.

[0040] In one embodiment, the antifungal composition of the present invention comprises tribasic copper sulfate and salicylic acid, its salt, or the like. In another embodiment, the antifungal composition of the present invention comprises tribasic copper sulfate and salicylic acid, its salt, or the like in a ratio ranging from about 1:60 to 60:1. In yet another embodiment, the composition comprises potassium salicylate.

[0041] In one embodiment, the antifungal combination of the present invention comprises mancozeb and salicylic acid, its salt, or the like. In one embodiment, the antifungal combination of the present invention comprises mancozeb and salicylic acid, its salt, or the like in a ratio ranging from about 1:40 to 4:1. In another embodiment, the combination comprises potassium salicylate.

[0042] In one embodiment, the fungicidal combination of the present invention comprises captan and salicylic acid, its salt, or the like. In another embodiment, the fungicidal combination of the present invention comprises captan and salicylic acid, its salt, or the like in a ratio ranging from about 1:13 to 6:1. In yet another embodiment, the combination comprises potassium salicylate.

[0043] In one embodiment, the fungicidal combination of the present invention comprises captan and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. In another embodiment, the fungicidal combination of the present invention comprises captan and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in a ratio ranging from about 1:33 to 3:1. In yet another embodiment, the combination comprises potassium salicylate.

[0044] In one embodiment, the antifungal combination of the present invention comprises zinc thiram and salicylic acid, its salt, or the like. In another embodiment, the antifungal combination of the present invention comprises zinc thiram and salicylic acid, its salt, or the like in a ratio ranging from about 1:20 to 20:1. In yet another embodiment, the combination comprises potassium salicylate.

[0045] In one embodiment, the combination comprises one or more multi-site fungicides. In another embodiment, the combination comprises two or more multi-site fungicides. The fungicides may be selected from the list of multi-site fungicides provided herein.

[0046] In various embodiments, the fungicidal activity of the combination according to the invention exceeds the sum of the activities of the individual active compounds. For two active compounds in a combination or when applied together to form a combination, the activity will be greater than the sum of the activities of the individual active compounds. Therefore, in various embodiments, the fungicidal combination comprises a combination with synergistic effects on the control of one or more fungi or fungal pathogens.

[0047] One embodiment of the present invention provides a novel and effective antifungal combination comprising a multi-site antifungal agent; and salicylic acid, its salts or the like.

[0048] One embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic antifungal combination comprising a multi-site antifungal agent; and salicylic acid, its salts or the like.

[0049] One embodiment of the present invention provides an effective and synergistic antifungal combination comprising a multi-site antifungal agent; and salicylic acid, its salts or the like.

[0050] One embodiment of the present invention provides a fungicide-effective composition comprising a fungicide, and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. In one embodiment, the fungicide, and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like are present in the composition in a synergistic combination.

[0051] One embodiment of the present invention provides a fungicide-effective composition comprising a multi-site fungicide, and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. In one embodiment, the multi-site fungicide, and salicylic acid, its salts, or the like are present in the composition in a synergistic combination.

[0052] In one embodiment, the total amount of the multisite fungicide in the composition is typically in the range of about 0.1% to about 99% by weight of the composition. The total amount of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in the composition is typically in the range of about 0.1% to about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0053] In one embodiment, the total amount of the multisite fungicide in the composition is typically in the range of about 0.1% to about 99% by weight of the composition.

[0054] In one embodiment, the amount of fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 0.001 g ai / L to about 2000 g ai / L.

[0055] In one embodiment, the amount of the multisite fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 0.001 g ai / L to about 2000 g ai / L.

[0056] In one embodiment, the amount of copper-based fungicide or copper-based fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 100 mg ai / L to about 1000 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of copper-based fungicide or copper-based fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 200 mg ai / L to about 950 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of copper-based fungicide or copper-based fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 300 mg ai / L to about 900 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of copper-based fungicide or copper-based fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 400 mg ai / L to about 850 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of copper-based fungicide or copper-based fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 500 mg ai / L to about 800 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of copper-based fungicide or copper-based fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 600 mg ai / L to about 750 mg ai / L. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of copper-based fungicide or copper-based fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention is about 750 mg ai / L. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of copper-based fungicide or copper-based fungicide in the combination or composition of the present invention ranges from about 100 mg ai / L to about 750 mg ai / L.

[0057] In one embodiment, the amount of mancozeb in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 1 mg ai / L to about 200 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of mancozeb in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 7 mg ai / L to about 100 mg ai / L.

[0058] In one embodiment, the amount of captan in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 1 mg ai / L to about 200 mg ai / L. In another embodiment, the amount of captan in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 2 mg ai / L to about 100 mg ai / L.

[0059] In one embodiment, the amount of captan in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 1 mg ai / L to about 200 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of captan in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 2 mg ai / L to about 100 mg ai / L.

[0060] In one embodiment, the amount of zinc thiram in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 1 mg ai / L to about 200 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of zinc thiram in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 2 mg ai / L to about 100 mg ai / L.

[0061] In one embodiment, the amount of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 1 mg ai / L to about 2000 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 1 mg ai / L to about 1700 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 1 mg ai / L to about 800 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 10 mg ai / L to about 600 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 20 mg ai / L to about 500 mg ai / L. In one embodiment, the amount of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like in the combination or composition of the present invention can range from about 40 mg ai / L to about 450 mg ai / L.

[0062] One embodiment of the present invention provides a fungicide-effective composition comprising a fungicide; salicylic acid, its salt or the like; and an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0063] One embodiment of the present invention provides a fungicide-effective composition comprising a multi-site fungicide; salicylic acid, its salts or the like; and an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0064] Suitable excipients in agrochemicals may be any or a combination of adjuvants, cosolvents, surfactants, colorants, dispersants, emulsifiers, thickeners, antifreeze agents, biocides, defoamers, stabilizers, wetting agents, or mixtures thereof, which may optionally be added to the compositions of the present invention.

[0065] The surfactant can be selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, or cationic surfactants.

[0066] Examples of nonionic surfactants include polyarylphenol polyethoxylates, polyalkylphenol polyethoxylates, polyethylene glycol ether derivatives of saturated fatty acids, polyethylene glycol ether derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids, polyethylene glycol ether derivatives of aliphatic alcohols, polyethylene glycol ether derivatives of alicyclic alcohols, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitol, alkoxylated vegetable oils, alkoxylated alkynyl glycols, polyalkoxylated alkylphenols, fatty acid alkoxylates, sorbitol alkoxylates, sorbitol esters, and C8-C... 22 Alkyl or alkenyl polyglycosides, polyalkoxystyryl aryl ethers, alkylamine oxides, block copolymer ethers, polyalkoxylated fatty acid glycerides, polyalkylene glycol ethers, linear aliphatic or aromatic polyesters, organosilicones, polyarylphenols, sorbitol ester alkoxylates, polyalkylene oxide block copolymers, acrylic acid copolymers, and monoesters and diesters of ethylene glycol, as well as mixtures thereof.

[0067] Examples of anionic surfactants include alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, alkyl aryl ether sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfonates such as alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkylnaphthalene sulfonates and their salts, alkyl sulfonates, polyalkoxylated alkyl alcohols or alkylphenol monophosphates or diphosphates, C 12 -C 15 Alkyl alcohols or polyalkoxylated C 12 -C 15 Monosulfonated or disulfonated succinates of alkanols, alcohol ether carboxylates, phenolic ether carboxylates, polyesters of ethoxylated polyoxyalkylene glycols composed of butene oxide or tetrahydrofuran residues, sulfonyl alkylamides and their salts such as sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenol carboxylates, polyoxyalkylene alcohol carboxylates, alkyl polyglycoside / alkenyl succinic anhydride condensates, alkyl ester sulfates, naphthalene sulfonates, naphthaldehyde condensates, alkyl sulfonamides, sulfonated aliphatic polyesters, sulfates and sulfonates of styrene-phenylalkoxyides and their corresponding sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, ammonium, alkylammonium, diethanolammonium or triethanolammonium salts, lignin sulfonates such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or ammonium salts, polyarylphenol polyalkoxyether sulfates and polyarylphenol polyalkoxyether phosphates, and sulfated alkylphenol ethoxyides and phosphorylated alkylphenol ethoxyides.

[0068] Cationic surfactants include C8-C 18 Fatty acids and C8-C 18 Alkyl amides of fatty amine polyalkoxylates, C 10 -C 18 Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, cocoyl dimethyl aminoacetic acid, and C8-C 18 Phosphate esters of fatty amine polyalkoxylated compounds.

[0069] Emulsifiers that may be advantageously used herein can be readily identified by those skilled in the art and include a variety of nonionic emulsifiers, anionic emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers, and amphoteric emulsifiers, or blends of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers that can be used to prepare emulsifiable concentrates include polyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of alkylphenols and arylphenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines, or fatty acids with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide (such as ethoxylated alkylphenols), and carboxylic acid esters solubilized with polyols or polyoxyethylenes. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include oil-soluble salts of alkylaryl sulfonic acids (e.g., calcium), oil-soluble salts of sulfated polyethylene glycol ethers, and suitable salts of phosphorylated polyethylene glycol ethers.

[0070] In one embodiment, the colorant may be selected from iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian blue, as well as organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes or metal phthalocyanine dyes, and salts of trace elements such as iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

[0071] Another implementation involves adding a thickener or binder, which may be selected from, but is not limited to, molasses, sugar, alginate, ebony gum, guar gum, tragacanth gum, polysaccharide gum, viscous material, xanthan gum, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the binder may be selected from silicates such as magnesium aluminum silicate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cellulose, including ethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethylpropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, maltodextrin, polysaccharides, fats, oils, proteins, gum arabic, shellac, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride copolymers, calcium lignosulfonate, acrylic acid copolymers, starch, polyvinyl acrylate, corn protein, gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, deacetylated chitosan, polyethylene oxide, acrylamide polymers and copolymers, hydroxyethyl polyacrylate, methacrylamide monomers, alginate, ethyl cellulose, polychloroprene, and syrups or mixtures thereof; polymers and copolymers of vinyl acetate, methyl cellulose, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polysaccharides; polymers and copolymers of vinylidene chloride and vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers; combinations of polyvinyl alcohol and sucrose; and plasticizers such as glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.

[0072] In another embodiment, the antifreeze added to the composition may be an alcohol selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of: ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, xylenol, bisphenols such as bisphenol A, etc. In addition, ether alcohols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide or polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of up to about 4,000, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, butoxyethanol, butanediol monobutyl ether, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, tetrapentaerythritol, diglycerol, triglycerol, tetraglycerol, pentaglycerol, hexaglycerol, heptaglycerol, and octaglycerol.

[0073] According to one implementation scheme, the biocidal agent may be selected from benzothiazole, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, sodium dichlorotriazine trione, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, 1,2-phenyl-isothiazolin-3-one, and chloroxylenol-m-butyl benzoate.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the defoamer may be selected from polydimethoxysiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, polyalkyl polyacrylate, castor oil, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid sulfates, fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol esters, fatty alcohol sulfates, olive oil, mono- and diglycerides, paraffin oil, paraffin wax, polypropylene glycol, silicone oil, vegetable fats, vegetable fat sulfates, vegetable oils, vegetable oil sulfates, vegetable waxes, vegetable wax sulfates, and reagents based on silicon or magnesium stearate.

[0075] Additives used in formulations include, for example, solid carriers such as kaolinite, sericite, diatomaceous earth, quicklime, calcium carbonate, talc, white carbon, kaolin, bentonite, clay, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, mirabilite, zeolite, or starch; solvents such as water, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or alcohols; and anionic surfactants such as salts of fatty acids, benzoates, polycarboxylates, salts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfates, alkyl diethylene glycol ether sulfates, salts of alcohol sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, polystyrene sulfonates, salts of alkyl phosphates, alkyl aryl phosphates, styryl aryl phosphates, salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether sulfates, and polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers. Salts of sulfate esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl phosphates, polyoxyethylene aryl ether phosphates, naphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde or alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde; nonionic surfactants such as sorbitol fatty acid esters, glycerol fatty acid esters, fatty acid polyglycerol esters, fatty acid alcohol polyethylene glycol ethers, ethynyl glycol, ethynyl alcohol, oxidized olefin block polymers, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene styrene aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene ethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene glycerol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil or polyoxypropylene fatty acid esters; and vegetable or mineral oils such as olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, palm oil, camellia oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil or liquid paraffin. These additives may be suitably selected for use alone or in combination as a mixture of two or more, provided that the objectives of this invention are met. Furthermore, additives other than those described above may be suitably selected for use with those known in the art. For example, a variety of commonly used additives may be used, such as fillers, thickeners, antisettling agents, antifreeze agents, dispersing stabilizers, safeners, antifungal agents, foaming agents, disintegrants, and binders.

[0076] Agricultural chemical formulations may also contain one or more antioxidants. Preferably, agricultural chemical formulations contain antioxidants.Antioxidants include, for example, amino acids (e.g., glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles and imidazole derivatives (e.g., uric acid), peptides (e.g., D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (e.g., anserine)), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g., α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., dihydrolipoic acid), aurora thioglycolate, propylthiouracil and its further thiolated compounds (e.g., thioglycerol, thiosorbitol, thioglycolic acid, thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, pentyl, butyl, lauryl, palmitoyl, etc.). Oil-based, γ-linoleic, cholesterol-based, and glyceryl-based esters) and salts, dilaurate thiodipropionate, distearate thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and its derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides, and salts), and sulfonyl imine compounds (e.g., butyrosine sulfonyl imine, homocysteine ​​sulfonyl imine, butyrosine sulfone, pentathione sulfonyl imine, hexathione sulfonyl imine, heptathione sulfonyl imine) at very low tolerated doses (e.g., pmol / kg to pmol / kg), as well as metal chelators (e.g., α-hydroxy fatty acids, EDTA, EGTA, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g., citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acids, bile acids, bile extracts, gallic acid esters (e.g., gallic acid esters), and other similar compounds. Propyl gallate, octyl gallate, and dodecyl gallate), flavonoids, catechins, bilirubin, biliverdin and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g., gamma-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and its derivatives, hydroquinone and its derivatives (e.g., arbutin), ubiquinone and panthenol and their derivatives, vitamin C and its derivatives (e.g., ascorbate palmitate, stearate, palmitate diester, acetate, magnesium ascorbate phosphate, sodium and magnesium ascorbate, disodium ascorbate phosphate and disodium ascorbate sulfate, potassium ascorbate phosphate, chitosan ascorbate), isoascorbic acid and its derivatives, tocopherol and its derivatives (e.g., tocopherol acetate, linoleate, oleate, and succinate). Esters, tocopherol polyether-5, tocopherol polyether-10, tocopherol polyether-12, tocopherol polyether-18, tocopherol polyether-50, tococelen), vitamin A and its derivatives (e.g., vitamin A palmitate), benzoic acid benzoate, rutin, rutic acid and its derivatives, disodium rutin disulfate, cinnamic acid and its derivatives (e.g., ferulic acid, ethyl ferulic acid, caffeic acid), kojic acid, chitosan glycolate and salicylate, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiacol, nordihydroguaiacol, trihydroxyphenylbutanone, uric acid and its derivatives, mannose and its derivatives, selenium and selenium derivatives (e.g., selenomethionine), stilbene and stilbene derivatives (e.g., stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide).According to the present invention, a mixture of suitable derivatives (salts, esters, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides, and lipids) containing these antioxidants and these specific active ingredients or plant extracts (e.g., tea tree oil, rosemary extract, and rosmarinic acid) can be used. Typically, mixtures of the aforementioned antioxidants are possible.

[0077] According to one embodiment, examples of suitable solvents are water, aromatic solvents (e.g., xylene), paraffin (e.g., mineral oil fractions such as kerosene or diesel), coal tar and oils of plant or animal origin, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalene or their derivatives, alcohols (e.g., methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol), ketones (e.g., cyclohexanone, γ-butyrolactone), pyrrolidones (NMP, NEP, NOP), acetates (ethylene glycol diacetate), glycols, fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters, isophorone and dimethyl sulfoxide. In principle, solvent mixtures may also be used.

[0078] According to one implementation scheme, suitable surfactants include lignin sulfonic acid, naphthalene sulfonate, phenol sulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, alkyl aryl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty alcohol sulfate, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts of fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, as well as condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or naphthalene sulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyethylene glycol ether, tributylphenyl polyethylene glycol ether, tristearylphenyl polyethylene glycol ether, alkyl aryl polyether alcohol, alcohol and fatty alcohol / ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl polyethylene glycol ether acetal, sorbitan ester, lignin sulfite waste liquid and methylcellulose.

[0079] According to one implementation scheme, examples of suitable carriers are mineral soils such as silica gel, silicates, talc, kaolin, magnesian clay, palygorskite, limestone, lime, chalk, red basalt, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, abrasive synthetic materials, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, and plant-derived products such as cereal flour, bark flour, wood flour and nut shell flour, cellulose flour, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and other solid carriers.

[0080] Suitable preservatives are, for example, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and / or 2-methyl-2H-isothiazolin-3-one or sodium benzoate or benzoic acid.

[0081] In one embodiment, the composition can be any agriculturally suitable form for storage and application to leaves or the ground. The compositions of the present invention can generally be produced by mixing the active substance in the composition with an inert carrier, and adding surfactants and other adjuvants and carriers as needed, and formulating them into solid or liquid formulations, including but not limited to wettable powders, granules, powders, soluble (liquid) concentrates, concentrated suspensions, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, emulsifiable concentrates, capsule suspensions, ZC formulations, oil dispersions, or other known formulation types. The composition can also be used for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds.

[0082] The fungicidal combinations and compositions disclosed herein can be in any conventionally agriculturally useful form, for example, in formulation or canned form.

[0083] In one embodiment, the antifungal active ingredient may be formulated as a premixed product or a ready-to-use product.

[0084] In one implementation, the fungicidal active ingredient may be mixed in a container at the time of application or prior to application.

[0085] In one embodiment, the fungicidal active ingredient may be formed at the site of its continuous or separate application in combination or composition.

[0086] The use of the combination / composition according to the invention provides excellent fungicidal efficacy against broad-spectrum fungi and fungal pathogens, thus providing effective control, eradication or prevention of fungal diseases in plants, crops or parts thereof.

[0087] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling fungal infection of a plant, crop, or part thereof, the method comprising applying to the plant, crop, or part thereof a fungicide comprising; and a fungicide-effective and / or synergistic combination of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0088] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling fungal infection of a plant, crop, or part thereof, the method comprising applying to the plant, crop, or part thereof a multi-site fungicide; and a fungicide-effective and / or synergistic combination of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0089] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling fungal diseases in plants, crops or parts thereof, the method comprising applying to the plant, crop or parts thereof a fungicide; and a fungicide-effective and / or synergistic combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0090] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling fungal diseases in plants, crops, or parts thereof, the method comprising applying to the plant, crop, or parts thereof a multi-site fungicide; and a fungicide-effective and / or synergistic combination of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0091] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving plant health, growth and yield, the method comprising applying to the plant, crop or a portion thereof a fungicide comprising; and a fungicide-effective and / or synergistic combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0092] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving plant health, growth and yield, the method comprising applying a multi-site fungicide; and a combination of fungicide-effective and / or synergistic combinations of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

[0093] In one embodiment, the method includes applying a fungicide at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 1000 g ai / ha.

[0094] In one embodiment, the method includes applying a fungicide at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 2000 g ai / ha.

[0095] In one embodiment, the method includes applying a multi-site fungicide at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 1000 g ai / ha.

[0096] In one embodiment, the method includes applying a copper fungicide or copper-based fungicide at a rate of about 1 g ai / ha to about 1000 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying a copper fungicide or copper-based fungicide at a rate of about 5 g ai / ha to about 1000 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying a copper fungicide or copper-based fungicide at a rate of about 5 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying a copper fungicide or copper-based fungicide at a rate of about 50 g ai / ha to about 700 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying a copper fungicide or copper-based fungicide at a rate of about 100 g ai / ha to about 500 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying a copper fungicide or copper-based fungicide at a rate of about 150 g ai / ha to about 300 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying a copper fungicide or a copper-based fungicide at a ratio of approximately 150 g ai / ha.

[0097] In one embodiment, the method includes applying mancozeb at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

[0098] In one embodiment, the method includes applying captan at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

[0099] In one embodiment, the method includes applying thiophanate-methyl at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

[0100] In one embodiment, the method includes applying zinc thiram at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

[0101] In one embodiment, the method includes applying salicylic acid, its salts, or the like at a rate of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 2000 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying salicylic acid, its salts, or the like at a rate of about 1 g ai / ha to about 1000 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying salicylic acid, its salts, or the like at a rate of about 1 g ai / ha to about 100 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying salicylic acid, its salts, or the like at a rate of about 2 g ai / ha to about 80 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying salicylic acid, its salts, or the like at a rate of about 2 g ai / ha to about 60 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying salicylic acid, its salts, or the like at a rate of about 2 g ai / ha to about 40 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the method includes applying salicylic acid, its salts, or the like at a ratio of about 2 g ai / ha to about 20 g ai / ha.

[0102] In one embodiment, the method includes applying salicylic acid, its salts, or the like at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 21 g ai / ha.

[0103] In one embodiment, the method of the present invention includes applying the combination or composition of the present invention simultaneously, i.e., jointly; or separately, i.e., sequentially.

[0104] In another embodiment, the components of the combination or composition of the present invention may be canned and applied or sprayed at the site of infection, or alternatively mixed with surfactants and / or any other suitable agrochemical excipients and then applied.

[0105] In yet another embodiment, the components of the combination of the present invention can be applied rapidly and continuously in any order to form the desired mixture at the application site.

[0106] In one embodiment, the components of the combination or composition of the present invention can be used for foliar application, ground application, or application to plant propagation material.

[0107] In one implementation, a 10% to 90% reduction in fungicide dosage is achieved by the combinations, compositions, or methods covered by the present invention compared to standard farmer practices.

[0108] In one implementation, a 10% to 90% dose reduction of multisite fungicides is achieved by the combinations, compositions, or methods covered by the present invention compared to standard farmer practices.

[0109] One embodiment of the present invention provides the use of a fungicide comprising a fungicide; and a fungicide-effective combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination for controlling fungal infection and / or fungal diseases of plants, crops or parts thereof.

[0110] One embodiment of the present invention provides the use of a multi-site fungicide; and a fungicide-effective combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition containing said combination for controlling fungal infection and / or fungal diseases of plants, crops or parts thereof.

[0111] One embodiment of the present invention provides the use of a fungicide comprising a fungicide; and a synergistic fungicide combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination for controlling fungal infection and / or fungal diseases of plants, crops or parts thereof.

[0112] One embodiment of the present invention provides the use of a multi-site fungicide; and a synergistic fungicide combination of salicylic acid, its salts or the like; or a composition comprising said combination for controlling fungal infection and / or fungal diseases of plants, crops or parts thereof.

[0113] The combinations and / or compositions of the present invention can be used to treat the following fungal and bacterial diseases of plants, crops, or parts thereof:

[0114] Rice diseases: rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea), sesame leaf spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), and bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi).

[0115] Wheat diseases: Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis, Gramineae), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenacerum, Fusarium culmorum, Microdochium nivale), Rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita), Micronectriella nivale, Sclerotinia nivale rot (an unknown species of Typhula sp.), Loose smut (Ustilago tritici), Tilletia caries, Eye spot (Pseudocercosporella). Herpotrichoides), leaf spot (Mycosphaerella graminicola), glume blight (Stagonospora nodorum), septoria, and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis).

[0116] Barley diseases: Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenacerum, Fusarium culmorum, Microdochium nivale), Rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. hordei), Loose smut (Ustilago nuda), Cloud spot (Rhynchosporium secalis), Net blotch (Pyrenophorateres), Barley spot (Cochliobolus sativus), Leaf spot (Pyrenophora). graminea) and Rhizoctonia solani disease (Rhizoctonia solani).

[0117] Maize diseases: smut (Ustilago maydis), brown spot (Cochliobolus heterostrophus), copper spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi), southern rust (Puccinia polysora), gray spot (Cercosporazeae-maydis), white spot (Phaeosphaeria mydis and / or Pantoeaananatis), and Rhizoctonia solani.

[0118] Citrus diseases: Black spot (Diaporthe cirri), scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), Penicillium rot (Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum), and brown rot (Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora).

[0119] Apple diseases: Blossom blight (Monilinia mali), canker (Valsa ceratosperma), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), apple spot (Alternaria alternata apple pathotype), scab (Venturia inaequalis), powdery mildew, bitter rot (Colletotrichumacutatum), crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum), spot blight (Diplocarpon mali), and ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana).

[0120] Pear diseases: Black spot (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), powdery mildew, black spot (Alternaria alternata Japanesepear pathotype), rust (Gymnosporangium haraeanum), and Phytophthora cactorum.

[0121] Peach diseases: brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), powdery mildew, scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), and brown spot (Phomopsis sp.).

[0122] Grape diseases: Anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), Late rot (Glomerella cingulata), Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), Rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), Black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), Gray mold, and Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).

[0123] Japanese persimmon diseases: anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki) and leaf spot (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae).

[0124] Gourd diseases: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium) (Cucurbitaceae), Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) (Phytophthora melonis) (Phytophthora melonis) (Phytophthora oxysporum) (Fusarium oxysporum) (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) (Phytophthora Root Rot) (Phytophthora sp.) (Pythium ...

[0125] Tomato diseases: early blight (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans).

[0126] Eggplant diseases: brown spot (Phomopsis vexans) and powdery mildew (Erysiphecichoracearum).

[0127] Diseases of cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria japonica leaf spot, Cercosporella brassicae white spot, Plasmodiophorabrassicae root nodule, and Peronospora parasitica.

[0128] Onion diseases: rust (Puccinia allii) and downy mildew (Peronosporadestructor).

[0129] Soybean diseases: Purple blotch (Cercospora kikuchii), Sphaceloma scad (Elsinoe glycines), Pod and stemblight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), Brown leaf spot (Septoria glycines), Gray leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Yellow rust, Brown stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), and Rhizoctonia solani.

[0130] Common bean diseases: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum). Peanut diseases: Leaf spot (Cercospora personata), Brown leaf spot (Cercospora aracchidicola), and White mold (Sclerotium rolfsii).

[0131] Pea diseases: powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) and root rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi).

[0132] Potato diseases: early blight (Alternaria solani), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), and powdery scab (Spongospora subterranean f. sp. subterranea).

[0133] Strawberry diseases: powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli) and anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata).

[0134] Tea tree diseases: Net cake disease (Exobasidium reticulatum), white scab disease (Elsinoe leucospila), gray blight (Pestalotiopsis sp., an unknown species), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum theae-sinensis).

[0135] Tobacco diseases: Brown spot (Alternaria longipes), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), and black spot (Phytophthora nicotianae).

[0136] Rapeseed diseases: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani. Cotton diseases: Rhizoctonia solani. Sugar beet diseases: Cercospora beticola leaf spot, Thanatphorus cucumeris (rice sheath blight pathogen), Thanatphorus cucumeris (rice sheath blight pathogen), and Aphanomyces cochlioides (black rot root rot). Rose diseases: Diplocarpon rosae (rose spot), Sphaerotheca pannosa (rose powdery mildew), and Peronospora sparsa (rose downy mildew). Diseases of chrysanthemums and plants in the Asteraceae family: downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), leaf blight (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici), and white rust (Puccinia horiana).

[0137] Various other crop diseases: diseases caused by Pythium species (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium debarianum, Pythium graminicola, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum), gray mold (Botrytiscinerea) and sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

[0138] Japanese radish disease: Black spot (Alternaria brassicicola).

[0139] Turfgrass diseases: Coin spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa), brown spot and large brown spot (Rhizoctonia solani).

[0140] Banana diseases: Black streak leaf spot (ascomycete fungus (Mycosphaerella fijiensis)), Yellow streak leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola)).

[0141] Sunflower diseases: Downy mildew (Sunflower downy mildew fungus (Plasmopara halstedii)).

[0142] Seed diseases caused by the following genera or diseases occurring in the early stages of plant growth: Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp., Tricoderma spp., Thieviopsis spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Corticium spp., Phona spp., Rhizoctonia spp., and Diplodia spp.

[0143] One embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-component kit comprising: a first component containing a fungicide; and a second component containing salicylic acid, its salt, or the like. The first and / or second components may also contain agriculturally acceptable excipients.

[0144] One embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-component kit comprising: a first component containing a multi-site fungicide; and a second component containing salicylic acid, its salts, or the like. The first and / or second components may also contain agriculturally acceptable excipients.

[0145] One embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-component kit comprising: a first component comprising a multi-site fungicide; a second component comprising salicylic acid, its salts, or the like; and optionally a third or more components comprising agriculturally acceptable excipients.

[0146] One embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-component kit comprising: a first component comprising a multi-site fungicide; a second component comprising salicylic acid, its salts, or the like; and optionally a third or more components comprising agriculturally acceptable excipients.

[0147] The effectiveness of all treatments can be evaluated using the Colby equation. In the Colby equation given below, E represents the expected efficacy of the fungicide combined with salicylic acid, its salts, or analogues.

[0148] X represents the observed efficacy of the fungicide, and

[0149] Y represents the observed efficacy of salicylic acid, its salts, or similar substances.

[0150] The observed efficacy values, X and Y, are the disease control percentages of the fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogues. If the observed efficacy of the combination of the fungicide and salicylic acid, its salts, or analogues is greater than its expected efficacy, the combination is determined to be synergistic. If the observed efficacy is equal to or less than the expected efficacy, the combination is determined to be non-synergistic.

[0151] Colby's equation: E = X + Y - XY / 100

[0152] The synergistic effects of the combinations / compositions of the present invention are presented in the examples. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, all numerical values ​​or ranges include integers within such ranges as well as fractions or integers within such ranges. Thus, for example, references to the 90% to 100% range include 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., and 91.1%, 91.2%, 91.3%, 91.4%, 91.5%, etc., 92.1%, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%, etc.

[0153] Specifically, the present invention includes embodiments in which a particular subject matter, such as substances or materials, method steps and conditions, schemes, procedures, determinations, or analyses, is completely or partially excluded. Therefore, although the invention is not generally expressed as excluding aspects not expressly included herein, aspects not expressly included are disclosed herein. While many embodiments of the invention have been described, it should be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0154] These and other advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the illustrated embodiments. These embodiments are provided merely as illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be construed as limiting the invention.

[0155] Example

[0156] Example 1: Efficacy of copper-based fungicides and salicylic acid against Alternaria solanacearum in tomato (early blight).

[0157] A combination of 150 g ai / ha copper-based fungicide, namely tribasic copper sulfate, and 20 g ai / ha salicylic acid was used to examine the efficacy against *Alternaria alternata*, the cause of early blight, in a greenhouse experiment. Leaves of 3.5-week-old cultivated tomato plants were sprayed with a suspension of *Alternaria alternata* spores until dripping. The inoculated plants were kept in an incubator for 2 days. The lesion area on the first and second primary leaflets was measured using ImageJ at 4 dpi. Table 1 below shows the treatments against the disease / pathogen and the observed efficacy for this combination. A standard treatment of 700 g ai / ha copper sulfate was used as a comparative reference.

[0158]

[0159] Example 2: Efficacy of copper-based fungicides and salicylic acid against Alternaria solanacearum in tomato (early blight).

[0160] Efficacy of 0.75 g / L tribasic copper sulfate and various concentrations of salicylic acid against *Alternaria alternata*, the causal agent of early blight, was examined in a greenhouse experiment. Salicylic acid concentrations of 40 mg / L, 80 mg / L, 160 mg / L, and 320 mg / L were used in the experiment. Leaves of 3.5-week-old cultivated tomato plants were sprayed with a suspension of *Alternaria alternata* spores until dripping. The inoculated plants were kept in an incubator for 2 days. The lesion area on the first and second primary leaflets was measured using ImageJ at 4 dpi. Table 2 below shows the treatments against the disease / pathogen and the observed efficacy for this combination. A standard treatment of 17.5 g / L tribasic copper sulfate was used as a comparative reference.

[0161]

[0162] Example 3: Efficacy of copper-based fungicides and potassium salicylate against Alternaria alternata in tomato (early blight).

[0163] Efficacy of 0.75 g / L tribasic copper sulfate and two different concentrations of potassium salicylate was examined in a greenhouse experiment against Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of early blight. Potassium salicylate concentrations of 320 mg / L and 410 mg / L were used in the experiment. Leaves of 3.5-week-old cultivated tomato plants were sprayed with a suspension of Alternaria alternata spores until dripping. The inoculated plants were kept in an incubator for 2 days. The lesion area on the first and second primary leaflets was measured using ImageJ at 4 dpi. Table 3 below shows the treatments against the disease / pathogen and the observed efficacy for this combination. A standard treatment of 17.5 g / L tribasic copper sulfate was used as a comparative reference.

[0164]

[0165] Example 4: Effect of tribasic copper sulfate and potassium salicylate on cucumber downy mildew.

[0166] The efficacy of a combination of 0.13 g / L tribasic copper sulfate and 71 mg / L potassium salicylate against downy mildew was examined in a greenhouse experiment. A standard treatment of 17.5 g / L tribasic copper sulfate was used as a comparative reference.

[0167]

[0168] Example 5: Effects of tribasic copper sulfate and potassium salicylate on late blight in tomatoes

[0169] The efficacy of a combination of 0.25 g / L tribasic copper sulfate and 137 mg / L potassium salicylate against tomato late blight was examined in a greenhouse experiment. A standard treatment of 0.75 g / L tribasic copper sulfate was used as a comparative reference.

[0170]

[0171] Example 6: Effects of tribasic copper sulfate and potassium salicylate on early blight in tomatoes

[0172] The efficacy of 0.75 g / L tribasic copper sulfate and combinations of 310 mg / L, 410 mg / L and 620 mg / L potassium salicylate against early blight of tomatoes was examined in a greenhouse experiment. The standard treatment of 17.5 g / L tribasic copper sulfate was used as a comparative reference.

[0173]

[0174] Example 7: Combination of mancozeb and potassium salicylate

[0175] The following experiments were conducted on crops (potted plants) infected with pathogens / diseases in greenhouse trials.

[0176]

[0177]

[0178] Example 8: Effects of captan + potassium salicylate and captan + potassium salicylate on soybean target spot disease (Clerodendrum multiflorum). The effects of (Corynespora cassicola)

[0179] Different concentrations of potassium salicylate were combined with captan / fumigant and applied to potted soybean plants infected with soybean target spot disease in a greenhouse experiment. For comparison, the fully recommended dosage of captan / fumigant was used as a reference.

[0180]

[0181] Example 9: Effects of tribasic copper sulfate and potassium salicylate on cucumber downy mildew

[0182] The efficacy of 0.25 g / L tribasic copper sulfate and potassium salicylate at concentrations ranging from 103 mg / L to 207 mg / L against cucumber downy mildew was examined in greenhouse experiments. A standard treatment of 0.75 g / L tribasic copper sulfate was used as a comparative reference.

[0183]

[0184] Example 10: The effect of the combination of zinc thiram and potassium salicylate on early blight in tomatoes

[0185] Different concentrations of potassium salicylate combined with zinc thiram were applied to potted tomato plants infected with early blight in a greenhouse experiment. For comparison, the fully recommended dosage of zinc thiram was used as a reference.

[0186]

[0187] As can be observed from Examples 1 to 10 and Tables 1 to 10 above, multisite fungicides such as copper / copper-based fungicides / tribasic copper sulfate, mancozeb, captan, thiram, and zinc sulfate, when combined with salicylic acid or potassium salicylate, provide a more than additive effect in controlling diseases such as cucumber downy mildew, tomato early blight or late blight, soybean target spot, and pepper gray mold. Therefore, it is clear that the combinations of the present invention provide synergistic / more than additive effects in controlling a wide range of diseases or fungal pathogens in broad-spectrum crops.

[0188] Abbreviations used in the embodiments:

[0189] Cu = Copper

[0190] SA = Salicylic acid

[0191] KSA = Potassium salicylate

[0192] g / L or g ai / L = Amount of active ingredient in grams per liter

[0193] mg / L or mg ai / L = Amount of active ingredient in milligrams per liter

[0194] g / ha or g ai / ha = active ingredient application rate in grams per hectare

[0195] mg / ha or mg ai / ha = the amount of active ingredient applied in milligrams per hectare.

Claims

1. A fungicidal combination comprising a multi-site fungicide; and salicylic acid, its salt or the like.

2. The combination according to claim 1, wherein the multisite fungicide is an inorganic fungicide selected from copper, copper complexes, copper salts, sulfur, sulfur complexes, sulfur salts, and combinations thereof; a dithiocarbamate selected from mancozeb, ferrous sulfate, mancozeb zinc, mancozeb, mancozeb, propineb, thiram, zinc, thiazole, mancozeb, thiram, and combinations thereof; a phthalimide selected from captan, captan, thiophanate-methyl, and combinations thereof; a chlorothalonil, such as chlorothalonil; a sulfonamide selected from benzylfluorosulfanilamide, toluenesulfonamide, and combinations thereof; a biguanide selected from biguanide octyl salt, biguanide octylamine, and combinations thereof; a triazine, such as dithiocarbamate; a quinone, such as dithiazoline; a quinoxaline selected from fenvalerate, abamectin, and combinations thereof; a maleimide, such as a fluoroimide; and a thiocarbamate, such as sulfadiazine. Or a combination thereof.

3. The combination according to claim 2, wherein the multi-site fungicide is selected from the group consisting of copper, copper sulfate, tribasic copper sulfate, mancozeb, captan, chlorothalonil, and combinations thereof.

4. The combination according to claim 1, wherein the combination comprises salicylic acid or potassium salicylate as a salt of salicylic acid.

5. The combination according to claim 1, wherein the multi-site fungicide is combined with salicylic acid, its salts or analogues in a ratio ranging from about 1:100 to about 100:

1.

6. A fungicide-effective composition comprising a multi-site fungicide; and salicylic acid, its salts or the like.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the composition further comprises an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

8. A method for controlling fungal diseases or fungal infections in plants, crops, or parts thereof, the method comprising applying to the plant, crop, or parts thereof a multi-site fungicide; and a fungicide-effective combination of salicylic acid, its salts, or the like; or a composition comprising said combination.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the multi-site fungicide is applied at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 2000 g ai / ha.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the salicylic acid, its salt or the like is applied at a ratio of about 0.1 g ai / ha to about 2000 g ai / ha.

11. A fungicidal combination comprising a multisite fungicide selected from the group consisting of copper, copper sulfate and tribasic copper sulfate; and salicylic acid or potassium salicylate.

12. A fungicidal combination comprising mancozeb; and salicylic acid or potassium salicylate.

13. A fungicidal combination comprising captan; and salicylic acid or potassium salicylate.

14. A fungicidal combination comprising captan; and salicylic acid or potassium salicylate.

15. A fungicidal combination comprising zinc thiram; and salicylic acid or potassium salicylate.

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