Methods for controlling fungal infestations in soybeans and uses thereof

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a method for controlling plant pathogens, including fungal pathogens. In particular, this disclosure provides a method for controlling fungal infection in soybean crops by applying a fungicide. This disclosure also relates to its appropriate uses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure pertains to the field of agricultural chemicals, particularly the control of agricultural pests and diseases (fungal pathogens). Specifically, this disclosure relates to a method for controlling fungal infection in soybeans using fungicides or compositions. Background Technology

[0002] The background description includes information that may be used to understand this disclosure. This is not an admission that any information provided herein is related to the currently claimed disclosure, or that any publication explicitly or implicitly referenced is prior art to the currently claimed disclosure.

[0003] Plant diseases caused by various plant pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, and nematodes lead to decreased plant quality, significantly reduced yields, and even plant death, resulting in substantial economic losses. Of these diseases, 70%-80% are caused by pathogenic fungi. In recent years, fungal diseases in crops have become increasingly serious, severely impacting crop yield and quality, and have become a significant bottleneck for sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, effective control of fungal diseases in crops is necessary to achieve efficient and stable crop production.

[0004] Fungicides are compounds used to prevent, control, or eradicate the spread of fungi on crops or plants, and are an important tool for managing plant diseases. Fungicides are classified by their properties into contact, transmembrane, and systemic types. Contact fungicides provide local protection to plant tissues, transmembrane fungicides redistribute from the upper sprayed leaf surface to the lower unsprayed surface, and systemic fungicides enter plant tissues and are distributed throughout the plant via xylem vessels. Fungicides are also grouped according to their mode of action.

[0005] Soybeans are widely cultivated worldwide among various crops / plants. However, soybeans are susceptible to serious fungal diseases. For example, Asian soybean rust (caused by the pathogenic fungus *Solanum spp.*) is a serious fungal disease. Phakopsora pachyrhizi Target spot disease is one of the major diseases affecting soybeans. It causes lesions on the leaves of soybean plants and eventually leads to plant death. It causes severe losses in production and yield, thus requiring urgent control measures. Similarly, target spot (caused by the fungus *Corynespora cassiicola*) is another disease affecting soybeans. Initial infection with target spot is usually seen as lesions forming on the lower canopy leaves. After the initial infection matures, conidia will form and may disperse into the upper canopy of the plant if conditions are favorable. As the lesions age, the center of the leaf spot may fall off, resulting in a perforated appearance. In severe cases of infection, leaf drop may occur, leading to yield loss.

[0006] While numerous fungicides belonging to various chemical classes have been or are being developed for use in crops, many of these fungicides have one or more drawbacks, such as low efficacy, high dosage requirements, crop tolerance, or activity only against specific plant pathogens or plants, and do not always meet the needs of agricultural practice. Furthermore, while the use of fungicide combinations or compositions comprising mixtures of different fungicides has been explored, there remains a need in the art for improved solutions that control specific plant pathogens while simultaneously exhibiting low toxicity, high stability, and reduced cost. This disclosure attempts to address one or more of these needs.

[0007] The purpose of this disclosure

[0008] One object of this disclosure is to provide a method for preventing fungal infection and / or fungal diseases in crops.

[0009] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a method for preventing fungal infection and / or fungal diseases in crops such as soybeans.

[0010] Another objective of this disclosure is to provide a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean, particularly Asian soybean rust and target spot.

[0011] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a method for controlling fungal pathogens that infect soybeans, particularly for controlling *Solanum spp.* and *Solanum spp.* (also known as *Solanum spp.*). Phakopsora meibomiae The methods of *Cercospora multiflora* and *Cercospora macrantha*.

[0012] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a method for controlling the aforementioned fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases affecting soybeans by using a fungicidal combination or composition comprising fluazinam and at least one other fungicide.

[0013] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a method for controlling the aforementioned fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases affecting soybeans by using a fungicidal combination or composition comprising fluazinam and at least one other fungicide, to achieve enhanced antifungal pathogen efficacy compared to fungicides alone.

[0014] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a method for controlling the aforementioned fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases affecting soybeans by using a fungicidal combination or composition comprising fluazinam and at least one other fungicide, wherein the at least one other fungicide has a lower application rate compared to a fungicide alone.

[0015] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a method for controlling the aforementioned fungal pathogens and / or fungal diseases affecting soybeans by using a fungicidal combination or composition comprising fluazinam and at least one other fungicide, wherein the at least one other fungicide has low phytotoxicity and high stability. Summary of the Invention

[0016] In one aspect, this disclosure provides a method for preventing pathogenic fungal infection in soybean crops, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate and benzamide or combinations thereof.

[0017] In another aspect, the fungicidal combination or composition for controlling fungal diseases in soybeans (such as, but not limited to, Asian soybean rust and target spot) comprises: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, mancozeb, fluopyram, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole and tebuconazole or combinations thereof.

[0018] In some embodiments, fluazinam in the fungicidal combination or composition is used with at least one fungicide in a ratio ranging from about 10:1 to 1:10.

[0019] In some implementations, the pathogenic fungus is selected from *Pseudomonas beanus*, *Pseudomonas spp.*, and *Cercospora multiflora* or a combination thereof.

[0020] In some implementations, the fungal disease is selected from soybean rust and target spot or a combination thereof.

[0021] In one aspect, this disclosure also relates to the use of the fungicidal combinations or compositions described herein for the prevention and control of pathogenic fungal infection in soybeans, for improving soybean health, and / or for increasing soybean yield.

[0022] In some embodiments of the application, the pathogenic fungus is selected from *Pseudomonas beanus*, *Pseudomonas spp.*, and *Cercospora multiflora* or combinations thereof.

[0023] In some embodiments of the application, the fungal disease is selected from soybean rust and target spot or a combination thereof.

[0024] The various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the subject matter of this invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is a description of embodiments of this disclosure. The embodiments are described in such detail to clearly convey this disclosure. However, the amount of detail provided is not intended to limit anticipated variations of the embodiments; rather, it is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0026] The grouping of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting. Each member of a group may be mentioned and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of that group or other elements present herein. For convenience and / or patentability reasons, one or more members of a group may be included in or removed from the group.

[0027] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the following instructions, the word “comprise” and its variations, such as “comprises,” “comprising,” “include,” and “including,” should be interpreted in an open, inclusive sense, meaning “including but not limited to.”

[0028] Throughout this specification, references to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearance of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments" in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any suitable manner.

[0029] As used in this description and throughout many of the following embodiments or claims, the terms "a," "an," and "the" have the meaning of plural references unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Additionally, as used in this description, "in" has the meaning of both "in" and "on," unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0030] In some embodiments, the quantities of components, properties (such as concentrations, ratios, etc.) used to describe and claim certain embodiments of this disclosure should, in some cases, be understood to be modified by the term "about". Therefore, in some embodiments, numerical parameters presented in the written description are approximate values ​​that may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained in a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should be interpreted based on the number of significant figures reported and by applying common rounding techniques. Although the numerical ranges and parameters illustrating a broad range of embodiments of this disclosure are approximate, the values ​​presented in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible.

[0031] The list of value ranges in this document is intended only as a shorthand way to refer to each individual value falling within that range. Unless otherwise stated herein, each individual value is incorporated into this specification as if it were listed separately herein.

[0032] The titles and abstracts provided herein are for convenience only and do not explain the scope or meaning of the embodiments.

[0033] Unless otherwise stated herein or clearly contradicted by the context, all methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order. Any and all use of examples or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is merely intended to better illustrate this disclosure and, unless otherwise required, does not constitute a limitation on the scope of this disclosure.

[0034] The following discussion provides many exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of this invention. While each embodiment represents a single combination of elements of the invention, the subject matter of the invention is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus, if one embodiment includes elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment includes elements B and D, the subject matter of the invention is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.

[0035] The various terms used herein are described below. If a term used in the claims is not defined below, the broadest definition given to that term by a person skilled in the art at the time of application in printed publications and granted patents shall be given.

[0036] As used herein, the term “about” covers a change of up to + / - 10%, more preferably + / - 5%, or any such change that is suitable for implementing this disclosure to achieve the desired effect.

[0037] As used herein, the term "location" means the field where the plant is growing, or the field where seeds of a cultivated plant are sown, or the field where seeds will be placed in the soil. The term also includes the vicinity of the desired crop for which fungal control is desired. In some implementations, location means the point on the plant / crop where pests are growing or infecting.

[0038] The term "crop" refers to all physical parts of a plant, including leaves, seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, twigs, and fruits. As used herein, throughout this disclosure, the terms "plant," "crop," and "soybean" are used interchangeably. The term "crop" should include a large number of desired crop plants or individual crop plants growing in a particular location.

[0039] The terms "control," "controlling," "preventing," or "preventing" for fungal pathogens or fungal diseases refer to the prevention, inhibition, or reduction of the growth of fungal pathogens, decreasing their ability to grow, reproduce, multiply, or spread, including killing (e.g., causing disease or death, or reducing reproductive capacity) fungal pathogens. Control effects include all deviations from natural development, such as killing or delaying pests, or mitigating, preventing, and / or treating diseases caused by pests, including preventing and / or treating symptoms or conditions associated with the disease.

[0040] In the context of this invention, the term "management" of a disease refers to the prevention and / or treatment of a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, including the prevention and / or treatment of symptoms or conditions associated with the disease.

[0041] As used in this article, the terms “fungi”, “fungus”, “phytopathogenic fungi”, and “phytopathogenic fungus” refer to fungi or fungi-like pathogens that have the ability to cause infection or disease in plants.

[0042] As used herein, the terms “fungicide” or “fungicides” or “fungicide compounds” mean compounds that prevent, alter, inhibit, kill or prevent the growth of fungi or their spores.

[0043] The term "fungicide effective dose" refers to the amount of fungicide used that kills or inhibits the plant pathogens that need to be controlled or prevented, and is substantially non-toxic to the treated plants.

[0044] In the context of this invention, the term "infection" refers to the presence of a large number of fungal pests, pathogens, or spores in a crop, thereby causing damage / disease.

[0045] Fluazinam is a broad-spectrum fungicide used in agriculture. It is classified as a diarylamine, more specifically, an arylaminopyridine. Its mode of action involves the compound being an extremely effective uncoupling agent for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and also exhibiting high reactivity with thiols. Fluazinam is chemically known as 3-chloro-N-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridiniumamine, and is represented as follows:

[0046] Fluopyram is a broad-spectrum pyrazole carbendazim fungicide used on a variety of economic crops. It inhibits fungal growth by suppressing succinate dehydrogenase. Fluopyram is chemically known as 3-(fluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbamide, and is represented as follows:

[0047] Fluopyram is a broad-spectrum pyrazole carbendazim fungicide used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. It inhibits fungal growth by suppressing succinate dehydrogenase. Fluopyram is chemically known as 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-methoxy-1-methyl-N-[1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2-propane]-1H-pyrazole-4-carbamide, and is represented as follows:

[0048] Fluopyrazosulfuron is also a pyrazole carbendazim fungicide used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. Its mode of action is by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase. Fluopyrazosulfuron is chemically known as 3-(difluoromethyl)- N -[(3 RS )-7-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1 H [-indene-4-yl]-1-methyl-1 H -Pyrazole-4-carboxamide, and is expressed as follows:

[0049] Difenoconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide with broad-spectrum activity. Its mode of action is as a demethylation inhibitor. Chemically, difenoconazole is 1-[[2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-yl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazole, and is represented as follows:

[0050] Prothioconazole is a synthetic chemical primarily produced for its fungicidal properties. It is a member of the triazole class of compounds and functions as a demethylation inhibitor. Chemically, prothioconazole is known as 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, and is represented as follows:

[0051] Izoxystrobin is a systemic broad-spectrum fungicide belonging to the triazole class. It is a demethylation inhibitor and is chemically known as 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-5-(1-methylethyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, and is represented as follows:

[0052] Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide used in agriculture to treat plant pathogenic fungi. It functions as a demethylation inhibitor. Tebuconazole is chemically known as 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H, 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentane-3-ol, and is represented as follows:

[0053] Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate non-systemic agricultural fungicide with multi-site, contact protective activity. Mancozeb reacts with and inactivates the sulfhydryl groups of amino acids and enzymes within fungal cells, leading to disruption of lipid metabolism, respiration, and ATP production. The molecular formula of mancozeb is C1. 40 H 60 Mn9N 20 S 40 Zn, and its skeletal structure is as follows:

[0054] Fluopyram is a broad-spectrum fungicide belonging to the benzamide family and acts as an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Fluopyram is chemically known as N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, and is represented as follows:

[0055] The inventors have surprisingly discovered that a combination of fluazinam with at least one additional fungicide belonging to the class of pyrazole carboxamide, triazole, dithiocarbamate, or benzamide compounds, when used as a fungicide combination or composition for the control of fungal diseases in soybeans, can enhance the fungicidal efficacy and surprisingly reduce the incidence of fungal diseases.

[0056] Therefore, in one aspect, the fungicidal combination or composition for controlling fungal diseases in soybeans (such as, but not limited to, Asian soybean rust and target spot) comprises: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, mancozeb, fluopyram, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole and tebuconazole or combinations thereof.

[0057] Methods for preventing fungal infections in soybean crops

[0058] Therefore, this disclosure provides a method for preventing fungal infection in crops, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0059] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for preventing fungal infection in crops, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), demethylation inhibitor (DMI), inhibitors of metalloenzymes in fungal cells, and combinations thereof.

[0060] In some implementations, the crop is soybean.

[0061] In some implementation schemes, the disease and the corresponding pathogenic fungus are selected from the group consisting of: Asian soybean rust (soybean rust), New World soybean rust (soybean rust), target spot (Cercospora multiflora), downy mildew (Northeast downy mildew) Peronospora manshurica ), stem blight (soybean phytotoxicum ()), stem blight (soybean phytotoxicum Phytophthora sojae ), rot disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum )), soybean purple spot disease (Cercospora Kikuchi ( Cercospora kikuchii Soybean black rot (Soybean scab cysts ( )), soybean black rot (Soybean Elsinoe glycines Black spot disease (intercalation of bean husks) Diaporthe phaseolorum ), white sclerotium disease (neat sclerotium) Sclerotium rolfsii ), damping-off disease (Fusarium oxysporum) Fusarium oxysporum Anthracnose (Plasmodium spp.) Colletotrichum truncatum), Clover-like Colletotrichum ( C. trifolii ), soybean hulls ( Glomerella glycines ), genus *Palmaria* ( Gloeosporium sp.), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea (sp.) ... Botrytis cinerea )) and leaf rot (Rhizoctonia solani ( Rhizoctonia solani () or any combination thereof.

[0062] In some implementations, the disease is Asian soybean rust caused by *Pseudomonas spp.*, New World soybean rust caused by *Pseudomonas spp.*, or target spot caused by *Cercospora multiflora*, or both.

[0063] In some implementation schemes, the disease is Asian soybean rust caused by the rust fungus *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*.

[0064] In some implementations, the disease is New World soybean rust caused by the rust fungus *Lactuca macrantha*.

[0065] In some implementations, the disease is target spot caused by *Cercospora multipathata*.

[0066] Therefore, this disclosure provides a method for preventing fungal infection in soybeans, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazolamide, triazole, triazolinethion, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0067] In some embodiments, the pyrazole carboxamide compound is selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluindazole, and combinations thereof.

[0068] In some embodiments, the triazole compound is selected from the group consisting of difenoconazole, tebuconazole, tebuconazole, and combinations thereof.

[0069] In some implementations, the triazolinethion compound is prothioconazole.

[0070] In some implementations, the dithiocarbamate is mancozeb.

[0071] In some implementations, benzamide is fluopyram.

[0072] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluazinam is from 100 g ai / ha to about 700 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therebetween. For example, the application rates of fluazinam are 100 g ai / ha, about 150 g ai / ha, about 200 g ai / ha, about 250 g ai / ha, about 300 g ai / ha, about 350 g ai / ha, about 400 g ai / ha, about 450 g ai / ha, about 500 g ai / ha, about 550 g ai / ha, about 600 g ai / ha, about 650 g ai / ha, or about 700 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therebetween.

[0073] In one embodiment, the amount of fluazinam applied is from 200 g ai / ha to about 600 g ai / ha.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the amount of fluazinam applied is from 300 g ai / ha to about 500 g ai / ha.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the amount of fluazinam applied is from 400 g ai / ha to about 450 g ai / ha.

[0076] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of 10 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therein. For example, the application rate of fluopyram is approximately 10 g ai / ha, approximately 20 g ai / ha, approximately 30 g ai / ha, approximately 40 g ai / ha, approximately 45 g ai / ha, approximately 50 g ai / ha, approximately 60 g ai / ha, approximately 70 g ai.i. / ha, approximately 80 g ai / ha, approximately 90 g ai / ha, approximately 100 g ai / ha, approximately 110 g ai / ha, approximately 120 g ai.i. / ha, approximately 130 g ai / ha, approximately 140 g ai / ha, approximately 150 g ai / ha, approximately 160 g ai / ha, approximately 170 g ai.i. / ha, approximately 180 g ai / ha, approximately 190 g ai / ha, or approximately 200 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0077] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of about 20 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha.

[0078] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of 30 g ai / ha to about 100 g ai / ha.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of about 45 g ai / ha to about 60 g ai / ha.

[0080] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of 10 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therein. For example, the application rates of fluopyram are approximately 10 g ai / ha, approximately 20 g ai / ha, approximately 30 g ai / ha, approximately 40 g ai / ha, approximately 50 g ai / ha, approximately 53 g ai / ha, approximately 60 g ai / ha, approximately 70 g ai.i. / ha, approximately 80 g ai / ha, approximately 90 g ai / ha, approximately 100 g ai / ha, approximately 110 g ai / ha, approximately 120 g ai.i. / ha, approximately 130 g ai / ha, approximately 140 g ai / ha, approximately 150 g ai / ha, approximately 160 g ai / ha, approximately 170 g ai.i. / ha, approximately 180 g ai / ha, approximately 190 g ai / ha, or approximately 200 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0081] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of about 20 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha.

[0082] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of 30 g ai / ha to about 100 g ai / ha.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of about 53 g ai / ha to about 70 g ai / ha.

[0084] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluoxastrobin is in the range of 10 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therein. For example, the application rates of fluopyram are approximately 10 g ai / ha, approximately 20 g ai / ha, approximately 30 g ai / ha, approximately 40 g ai / ha, approximately 50 g ai / ha, approximately 60 g ai / ha, approximately 70 g ai / ha, approximately 80 g ai / ha, approximately 90 g ai / ha, approximately 100 g ai / ha, approximately 110 g ai / ha, approximately 120 g ai / ha, approximately 130 g ai / ha, approximately 140 g ai / ha, approximately 150 g ai / ha, approximately 160 g ai / ha, approximately 170 g ai / ha, approximately 180 g ai / ha, approximately 190 g ai / ha, or approximately 200 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0085] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of 20 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha.

[0086] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of 30 g ai / ha to about 100 g ai / ha.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of about 40 g ai / ha to about 50 g ai / ha.

[0088] In one embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of 100 g ai / ha to about 300 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therein. For example, the application rate of fluopyram is approximately 100 g ai / ha, approximately 110 g ai / ha, approximately 120 g ai / ha, approximately 130 g ai / ha, approximately 140 g ai / ha, approximately 150 g ai / ha, approximately 160 g ai / ha, approximately 170 g ai / ha, approximately 180 g ai / ha, approximately 190 g ai / ha, approximately 200 g ai / ha, approximately 210 g ai / ha, approximately 220 g ai / ha, approximately 230 g ai / ha, approximately 240 g ai / ha, approximately 250 g ai / ha, approximately 260 g ai / ha, approximately 270 g ai / ha, approximately 280 g ai / ha, approximately 290 g ai / ha, or approximately 300 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the application rate of fluopyram is in the range of about 150 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

[0090] In one embodiment, the application rate of prothioconazole is in the range of 10 g ai / ha to about 300 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therein. For example, the application rates of prothioconazole are approximately 10g ai / ha, approximately 20g ai / ha, approximately 25g ai / ha, approximately 30g ai / ha, approximately 40g ai / ha, approximately 50g ai / ha, approximately 53g ai / ha, approximately 60g ai.i. / ha, approximately 70g ai / ha, approximately 75g ai / ha, approximately 80g ai / ha, approximately 90g ai / ha, approximately 100g ai / ha, approximately 110g ai / ha, approximately 120g ai / ha, approximately 130g ai / ha, approximately 140g ai / ha, approximately 150g ai / ha, approximately 160g ai / ha, approximately 170g ai / ha, approximately 180g ai / ha, approximately 190g ai / ha, or approximately 200g ai / ha, approximately 210g ai / ha, approximately 220g ai / ha. ai / ha, approximately 230g ai / ha, approximately 240g ai / ha, approximately 250g ai / ha, approximately 260g ai / ha, approximately 270g ai / ha, approximately 280g ai / ha, approximately 290g ai / ha, or approximately 300g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0091] In one implementation, the application rate of prothioconazole is in the range of 25 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

[0092] In one implementation, the application rate of prothioconazole is in the range of 50 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, the application rate of prothioconazole is in the range of 75 g ai / ha to about 100 g ai / ha.

[0094] In one embodiment, the dosage of difenoconazole is in the range of about 10 g ai / ha to about 300 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therebetween. For example, the application rates of fluopyram are approximately 10g ai / ha, approximately 20g ai / ha, approximately 25g ai / ha, approximately 30g ai / ha, approximately 40g ai / ha, approximately 50g ai / ha, approximately 60g ai / ha, approximately 68g ai / ha, approximately 70g ai / ha, approximately 80g ai / ha, approximately 90g ai / ha, approximately 100g ai / ha, approximately 110g ai.i. / ha, approximately 120g ai / ha, approximately 130g ai / ha, approximately 140g ai / ha, approximately 150g ai / ha, approximately 160g ai.i. / ha, approximately 170g ai / ha, approximately 180g ai / ha, approximately 190g ai / ha, or approximately 200g ai / ha, approximately 210g ai.i. / ha, approximately 220g ai / ha. ai / ha, approximately 230g ai / ha, approximately 240g ai / ha, approximately 250g ai / ha, approximately 260ga.i. / ha, approximately 270g ai / ha, approximately 280g ai / ha, approximately 290g ai / ha, or approximately 300g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0095] In one embodiment, the dosage of difenoconazole is in the range of about 25 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

[0096] In one embodiment, the dosage of difenoconazole is in the range of 50 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the dosage of difenoconazole is in the range of about 68 g ai / ha to about 90 g ai / ha.

[0098] In one embodiment, the application rate of mancozeb is in the range of 100 g ai / ha to about 2000 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therein. For example, the application rate of mancozeb is approximately 100 g ai / ha, approximately 200 g ai / ha, approximately 300 g ai / ha, approximately 400 g ai / ha, approximately 500 g ai / ha, approximately 600 g ai / ha, approximately 700 g ai / ha, approximately 800 g ai / ha, approximately 900 g ai / ha, approximately 1000 g ai / ha, approximately 1100 g ai / ha, approximately 1200 g ai / ha, approximately 1250 g ai / ha, approximately 1300 g ai / ha, approximately 1400 g ai / ha, approximately 1500 g ai / ha, approximately 1600 g ai / ha, approximately 1700 g ai / ha, approximately 1800 g ai / ha, approximately 1900 g ai / ha, or approximately 2000 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0099] In one implementation, the application rate of mancozeb is in the range of 500 g ai / ha to about 1500 g ai / ha.

[0100] In one implementation, the application rate of mancozeb is in the range of 1000 g ai / ha to about 1250 g ai / ha.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, the application rate of mancozeb is in the range of 800 g ai / ha to 1300 g ai / ha.

[0102] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for preventing fungal infection in soybeans, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), demethylation inhibitor (DMI), inhibitors of metalloenzymes in fungal cells, and combinations thereof.

[0103] In some embodiments, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) is selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, fluopyram, and combinations thereof.

[0104] In some implementations, the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) is selected from the group consisting of difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, tebuconazole, and combinations thereof.

[0105] In some implementations, the inhibitor of metalloenzymes in fungal cells is mancozeb.

[0106] Therefore, this disclosure provides a method for preventing fungal infection in soybeans, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, fluopyram, and combinations thereof.

[0107] In some implementations, the methods disclosed herein help to prevent infection by any pathogenic fungi that affect soybeans and cause disease.

[0108] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for controlling fungal diseases in soybeans, selected from Asian soybean rust caused by *Lepidoptera spp.*, New World soybean rust caused by *Lepidoptera spp.*, or target spot disease caused by *Cladosporium multiflorum*, or combinations thereof, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, fluopyram, and combinations thereof.

[0109] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for controlling Asian soybean rust caused by *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or site of a crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, fluopyram, and combinations thereof.

[0110] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for controlling New World soybean rust caused by the rust fungus *Lactuca rubescens*, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or site of a crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, fluopyram, and combinations thereof.

[0111] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for controlling target spot disease caused by *Cyclocarya paliurus*, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or site of a crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, fluopyram, and combinations thereof.

[0112] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both, comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least two fungicides selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, and fluopyram.

[0113] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both, comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least three fungicides selected from the group consisting of: fluopyram, fluopyram, fluinbazin, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, and fluopyram.

[0114] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for controlling fungal diseases in soybeans, the fungal diseases being selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both. The method includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition containing the fungicides listed in Table 1 to the leaves, seeds, or the location of a crop.

[0115] In Table 1 below, 'X' indicates the presence of a specific fungicide. Therefore, each combination of fungicides provided in Table 1 represents a separate embodiment of this disclosure. For the purposes of this disclosure, each feature or combination of features that can be derived from Table 1 is contemplated to exist alone, all together, or in different combinations within the scope of this disclosure.

[0116]

[0117] In some embodiments of the method, the combination or composition comprises: a) fluazinam, and b) at least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: fluazinam, fluazinam hydroxylamine, fluindazole, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mancozeb, fluopyram, and combinations thereof, wherein the at least one fungicide is in a fungicide-effective amount.

[0118] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Fluopyram; The application ratio of fluazinam and fluazinam is approximately 10:1 to approximately 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of approximately 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0119] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Fluopyram; The application rate of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha (grams of active ingredient per hectare) to 500 g ai / Ha (grams of active ingredient per hectare), including the values ​​and ranges therein. The application rate of fluopyram is in the range of approximately 45 g ai / Ha to 60 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0120] In some embodiments of this method, the amount of fluazinam applied is approximately 300g ai / Ha, approximately 310g ai / Ha, approximately 320g ai / Ha, approximately 330g ai / Ha, approximately 340g ai / Ha, approximately 350g ai / Ha, approximately 360g ai / Ha, approximately 370g ai / Ha, approximately 380g ai / Ha, approximately 390g ai / Ha, approximately 400g ai / Ha, approximately 400g ai / Ha, approximately 410g ai / Ha, approximately 420g ai / Ha, approximately 430g ai / Ha, approximately 440g ai / Ha, approximately 450g ai / Ha, approximately 460g ai / Ha, approximately 470g ai / Ha, approximately 480g ai / Ha, approximately 490g ai / Ha, or approximately 500g. ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the application rate of fluopyram is approximately 45 g ai / Ha, approximately 48 g ai / Ha, approximately 51 g ai / Ha, approximately 52 g ai / Ha, approximately 54 g ai / Ha, approximately 56 g ai / Ha, approximately 58 g ai / Ha, or approximately 60 g ai. / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0121] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Fluopyram; The application ratio of fluazinam and fludioxonil is approximately 10:1 to approximately 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of approximately 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0122] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Fluopyram; The dosage of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha to 500 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein. The application rate of fluopyram is in the range of approximately 53 g ai / Ha to 70 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein.

[0123] In some embodiments of this method, the application rate of fluazinam is approximately 300 g ai / Ha, approximately 310 g ai / Ha, approximately 320 g ai / Ha, approximately 330 g ai / Ha, approximately 340 g ai / Ha, approximately 350 g ai / Ha, approximately 360 g ai / Ha, approximately 370 g ai / Ha, approximately 380 g ai / Ha, approximately 390 g ai / Ha, approximately 400 g ai / Ha, approximately 410 g ai / Ha, approximately 420 g ai / Ha, approximately 430 g ai / Ha, approximately 440 g ai / Ha, approximately 450 g ai / Ha, approximately 460 g ai / Ha, approximately 470 g ai / Ha, approximately 480 g ai / Ha, approximately 490 g ai / Ha, or approximately 500 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the application rate of fluazinam is approximately 53 g. ai / Ha, approximately 54g ai / Ha, approximately 56g ai / Ha, approximately 58g ai / Ha, approximately 60g ai / Ha, approximately 62g ai / Ha, approximately 64g ai / Ha, approximately 66g ai / Ha, approximately 68ga.i. / Ha, or approximately 70g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0124] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Fluopyram; The application ratio of fluazinam and fluazinam is from about 10:1 to about 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of about 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0125] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Fluopyram; The dosage of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha to 500 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein. The application rate of fluopyram is in the range of approximately 40 g ai / Ha to 50 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0126] In some embodiments of this method, the dosage of fluazinam is approximately 300 g ai / Ha, approximately 310 g ai / Ha, approximately 320 g ai / Ha, approximately 330 g ai / Ha, approximately 340 g ai / Ha, approximately 350 g ai / Ha, approximately 360 g ai / Ha, approximately 370 g ai / Ha, approximately 380 g ai / Ha, approximately 390 g ai / Ha, approximately 400 g ai / Ha, approximately 410 g ai / Ha, approximately 420 g ai / Ha, approximately 430 g ai / Ha, approximately 440 g ai / Ha, approximately 450 g ai / Ha, approximately 460 g ai / Ha, approximately 470 g ai / Ha, approximately 480 g ai / Ha, approximately 490 g ai / Ha, or approximately 500 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the dosage of fluazinam is approximately 40 g. ai / Ha, approximately 41g ai / Ha, approximately 42g ai / Ha, approximately 43g ai / Ha, approximately 44g ai / Ha, approximately 45g ai / Ha, approximately 46g ai / Ha, approximately 47g ai / Ha, approximately 48ga.i. / Ha, approximately 49g ai / Ha, or approximately 50g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0127] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Difenoconazole; The application ratio of fluazinam and difenoconazole is from about 10:1 to about 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of about 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0128] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Difenoconazole; The dosage of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha to 500 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein. The dosage of difenoconazole is in the range of approximately 68 g ai / Ha to 90 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0129] In some embodiments of this method, the dosage of fluazinam is approximately 300 g ai / Ha, approximately 310 g ai / Ha, approximately 320 g ai / Ha, approximately 330 g ai / Ha, approximately 340 g ai / Ha, approximately 350 g ai / Ha, approximately 360 g ai / Ha, approximately 370 g ai / Ha, approximately 380 g ai / Ha, approximately 390 g ai / Ha, approximately 400 g ai / Ha, approximately 410 g ai / Ha, approximately 420 g ai / Ha, approximately 430 g ai / Ha, approximately 440 g ai / Ha, approximately 450 g ai / Ha, approximately 460 g ai / Ha, approximately 470 g ai / Ha, approximately 480 g ai / Ha, approximately 490 g ai / Ha, or approximately 500 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the dosage of difenoconazole is approximately 68 g. ai / Ha, 70g ai / Ha, about 72g ai / Ha, about 74ga.i. / Ha, about 77g ai / Ha, about 78g ai / Ha, about 80g ai / Ha, about 82g ai / Ha, about 84g ai / Ha, about 86g ai / Ha, about 88g ai / Ha, or about 90g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0130] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Prothioconazole; The application ratio of fluazinam and prothioconazole is approximately 10:1 to approximately 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of approximately 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0131] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Prothioconazole; The dosage of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha to 500 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein. The application rate of prothioconazole is in the range of approximately 75 g ai / Ha to 100 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein.

[0132] In some embodiments of this method, the dosage of fluazinam is approximately 300 g ai / Ha, approximately 310 g ai / Ha, approximately 320 g ai / Ha, approximately 330 g ai / Ha, approximately 340 g ai / Ha, approximately 350 g ai / Ha, approximately 360 g ai / Ha, approximately 370 g ai / Ha, approximately 380 g ai / Ha, approximately 390 g ai / Ha, approximately 400 g ai / Ha, approximately 410 g ai / Ha, approximately 420 g ai / Ha, approximately 430 g ai / Ha, approximately 440 g ai / Ha, approximately 450 g ai / Ha, approximately 460 g ai / Ha, approximately 470 g ai / Ha, approximately 480 g ai / Ha, approximately 490 g ai / Ha, or approximately 500 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the dosage of prothioconazole is approximately 75 g. ai / Ha, approximately 77g ai / Ha, approximately 79g ai / Ha, approximately 80ga.i. / Ha, approximately 82g ai / Ha, approximately 85g ai / Ha, approximately 87g ai / Ha, approximately 90g ai / Ha, approximately 92g ai / Ha, approximately 94g ai / Ha, approximately 96g ai / Ha, approximately 98g ai / Ha, or approximately 100g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0133] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Tebuconazole; The application ratio of fluazinam and tebuconazole is approximately 10:1 to approximately 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of approximately 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0134] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Tebuconazole; The dosage of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha to 500 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein. The dosage of tebuconazole is in the range of approximately 90 g ai / Ha to 120 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein.

[0135] In some embodiments of this method, the dosage of fluazinam is approximately 300 g ai / Ha, approximately 310 g ai / Ha, approximately 320 g ai / Ha, approximately 330 g ai / Ha, approximately 340 g ai / Ha, approximately 350 g ai / Ha, approximately 360 g ai / Ha, approximately 370 g ai / Ha, approximately 380 g ai / Ha, approximately 390 g ai / Ha, or approximately 400 g ai / Ha, approximately 410 g ai / Ha, approximately 420 g ai / Ha, approximately 430 g ai / Ha, approximately 440 g ai / Ha, approximately 450 g ai / Ha, approximately 460 g ai / Ha, approximately 470 g ai / Ha, approximately 480 g ai / Ha, approximately 490 g ai / Ha, or approximately 500 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the dosage of tebuconazole is approximately 90 g. ai / Ha, approximately 92g ai / Ha, approximately 94g ai / Ha, approximately 96ga.i. / Ha, approximately 96g ai / Ha, approximately 98g ai / Ha, approximately 100g ai / Ha, approximately 102g ai / Ha, approximately 104ga.i. / Ha, approximately 106g ai / Ha, approximately 108g ai / Ha, approximately 110g ai / Ha, 112g ai / Ha, 114g ai / Ha, 116g ai / Ha, 118g ai / Ha, or approximately 120g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0136] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Izoxystrobin; The application ratio of fluazinam and tebuconazole is approximately 10:1 to approximately 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of approximately 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0137] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Izoxystrobin; The dosage of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha to 500 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein. The application rate of tebuconazole is in the range of approximately 10 g ai / Ha to approximately 500 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0138] In some embodiments of this method, the application rate of fluazinam is approximately 300 g ai / Ha, approximately 310 g ai / Ha, approximately 320 g ai / Ha, approximately 330 g ai / Ha, approximately 340 g ai / Ha, approximately 350 g ai / Ha, approximately 360 g ai / Ha, approximately 370 g ai / Ha, approximately 380 g ai / Ha, approximately 390 g ai / Ha, approximately 400 g ai / Ha, approximately 410 g ai / Ha, approximately 420 g ai / Ha, approximately 430 g ai / Ha, approximately 440 g ai / Ha, approximately 450 g ai / Ha, approximately 460 g ai / Ha, approximately 470 g ai / Ha, approximately 480 g ai / Ha, approximately 490 g ai / Ha, or approximately 500 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the application rate of tebuconazole is approximately 10 g. ai / Ha, approximately 50g ai / Ha, approximately 75g ai / Ha, approximately 85ga.i. / Ha, approximately 100g ai / Ha, approximately 150g ai / Ha, approximately 200g ai / Ha, approximately 250g ai / Ha, approximately 300ga.i. / Ha, approximately 350g ai / Ha, approximately 400g ai / Ha, approximately 450g ai / Ha, or approximately 500g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0139] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Mancozeb; The application ratio of fluazinam and mancozeb is from about 10:1 to about 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of about 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0140] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Mancozeb; The dosage of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha to 500 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein. The application rate of mancozeb is in the range of approximately 800 g ai / Ha to 1300 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges in between.

[0141] In some embodiments of this method, the application rate of fluazinam is approximately 300 g ai / ha, approximately 310 g ai / ha, approximately 320 g ai / ha, approximately 330 g ai / ha, approximately 340 g ai / ha, approximately 350 g ai / ha, approximately 360 g ai / ha, approximately 370 g ai / ha, approximately 380 g ai / ha, approximately 390 g ai / ha, approximately 400 g ai / ha, approximately 410 g ai / ha, approximately 420 g ai / ha, approximately 430 g ai / ha, approximately 440 g ai / ha, approximately 450 g ai / ha, approximately 460 g ai / ha, approximately 470 g ai / ha, approximately 480 g ai / ha, approximately 490 g ai / ha, or approximately 500 g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the application rate of mancozeb is approximately 800 g. ai / ha, approximately 900g ai / ha, approximately 920g ai / ha, approximately 940g ai / ha, approximately 960g ai / ha, approximately 980g ai / ha, approximately 1000g ai / ha, approximately 1020g ai / ha, approximately 1040g ai / ha, approximately 1060g ai / ha, approximately 1080g ai / ha, approximately 1100g ai / ha, approximately 1120g ai / ha, approximately 1140g ai / ha, approximately 1160g ai / ha, approximately 1180g ai / ha, approximately 1200g ai / ha, approximately 1220ga.i. / ha, approximately 1240g ai / ha, approximately 1260g ai / ha, approximately 1280g ai / ha, or approximately 1300g ai / ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0142] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Fluopyram; The application ratio of fluazinam and fluopyram is from about 10:1 to about 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein, such as ratios of about 2:1, 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10, including values ​​and ranges therein.

[0143] In some embodiments, a method for controlling fungal diseases of soybean selected from Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both includes contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide mixture to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide mixture comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) Fluopyram; The dosage of fluazinam is in the range of approximately 300 g ai / Ha to 500 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein. The application rate of fluopyram is in the range of approximately 100 g ai / Ha to 300 g ai / Ha, including the values ​​and ranges therein.

[0144] In some embodiments of this method, the application amount of fluazinam is about 300 g ai / Ha, about 310 g ai / Ha, about 320 g ai / Ha, about 330 g ai / Ha, about 340 g ai / Ha, about 350 g ai / Ha, about 360 g ai / Ha, about 370 g ai / Ha, about 380 g ai / Ha, about 390 g ai / Ha, about 400 g ai / Ha, about 410 g ai / Ha, about 420 g ai / Ha, about 430 g ai / Ha, about 440 g ai / Ha, about 450 g ai / Ha, about 460 g ai / Ha, about 470 g ai / Ha, about 480 g ai / Ha, about 490 g ai / Ha, or about 500 g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges therein; and the application amount of fluopyram is about 100 g. ai / Ha, approximately 110g ai / Ha, approximately 120g ai / Ha, approximately 130g ai / Ha, approximately 140g ai / Ha, approximately 150g ai / Ha, approximately 160g ai / Ha, approximately 170g ai / Ha, approximately 180g ai / Ha, approximately 190g ai / Ha, approximately 200g ai / Ha, approximately 210g ai / Ha, approximately 220g ai / Ha, approximately 230g ai / Ha, approximately 240g ai / Ha, approximately 250g ai / Ha, approximately 260g ai / Ha, approximately 270g ai / Ha, approximately 280g ai / Ha, approximately 290g ai / Ha, or approximately 300g ai / Ha, including values ​​and ranges in between.

[0145] In the context of this disclosure, a "fungicide combination" refers to the application of fluazinam and at least one of the aforementioned adjunctive fungicides at the same or different time points (i.e., as separate active substances). Furthermore, each of the separate active substances, namely fluazinam and at least one adjunctive fungicide in the "fungicide combination," can be applied in any formulation. In some embodiments, the separate active substance of the "fungicide combination" may be formulated with an agriculturally acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the separate active substance may be applied without formulation with an agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0146] In some embodiments, the fungicidal combination disclosed herein for controlling or preventing fungal diseases in crops may comprise an additional fungicide selected from the group consisting of: morpholine fungicides, triazole fungicides, acyl amino acid fungicides, aniline fungicides, antibiotic fungicides, phytohexamine fungicides, aromatic fungicides, arsenic fungicides, arylphenyl ketone fungicides, benzimidazole fungicides, benzimidazole precursor fungicides, benzothiazole fungicides, bridging diphenyl fungicides, carbamate fungicides, conazole fungicides, copper fungicides, dicarboxyimide fungicides, and dinitrophenol fungicides. Dithiocarbamate fungicides, dithiopentane fungicides, hydrazide fungicides, imidazole fungicides, inorganic fungicides, organophosphate fungicides, organotin fungicides, oxadiene fungicides, pyrimidine fungicides, pyrrole fungicides, quinoline fungicides, quinone fungicides, quinoxaline fungicides, thiadiazole fungicides, thiazolidine fungicides, thiocarbamate fungicides, thiophene fungicides, triazine fungicides, triazolopyrimidine fungicides, urea fungicides, zinc fungicides, unclassified fungicides, and combinations thereof.

[0147] In the context of this disclosure, a "fungicide composition" means a composition comprising fluazinam, at least one of the aforementioned additional fungicides, and at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0148] In one embodiment, this disclosure provides a fungicidal composition for preventing fungal infection in crops, the fungicidal composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carboxamide, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof, and c) At least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0149] In one embodiment, this disclosure provides a fungicidal composition for preventing fungal infection in soybean crops, the fungicidal composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carboxamide, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof, and c) At least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0150] In one embodiment, this disclosure provides an antifungal composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of: succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), demethylation inhibitors (DMI), inhibitors of metalloenzymes in fungal cells, and combinations thereof, and c) At least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

[0151] In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable excipients used in the fungicidal combination or composition are selected from the group consisting of solvents, diluents, carriers, surfactants, dispersants, wetting agents, defoamers, stabilizers, antifreeze agents, biocides, viscosity modifiers, pH modifiers, and combinations thereof.

[0152] In some embodiments, agriculturally acceptable solvents are selected from aromatic compounds such as xylene, toluene, or alkylnaphthalene; chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, vinyl chloride, or dichloromethane; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example, mineral oil fractions, mineral oils, and vegetable oils; alcohols such as butanol or ethylene glycol, and their ethers and esters; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, or cyclohexanone; highly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide; and water.

[0153] In some implementations, agriculturally acceptable carriers are either solid or liquid.

[0154] In some embodiments, agriculturally acceptable liquid carriers are selected from the group consisting of: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydride, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butenyl carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl acetate, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol rosinate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dimethylolpropane (diproxitol), alkyl Pyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, α-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, γ-butyrolactone, glycerol, glyceryl acetate, glyceryl diacetate, glyceryl triacetate, cetane, hexanediol, isoamyl acetate, isoborneol acetate, isooctane, isoflavone, cumene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, isopropyl acetone, methoxypropanol, methyl isopentyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl lauryl ketone, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, dichloromethane, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, stearic acid, octylamine acetate Acetate), oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight (such as pentanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and combinations thereof.

[0155] In some implementations, agriculturally acceptable solid carriers are selected from the group consisting of talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, diatomaceous earth, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shells, lignin, and combinations thereof.

[0156] In some embodiments, agriculturally acceptable surfactants are selected from nonionic surfactants, such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl (mono- or di-)phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene (mono-, di- or tri-)styrene phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid (mono- or di-) esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, castor oil ethylene oxide adducts, acetylenol, ethynyl alcohol, ethylene oxide adducts of acetylenol, alkyl glycosides, etc.; and anionic surfactants, such as alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, etc. Salts of formalin condensates of naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, formalin condensates of naphthalene sulfonic acids, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates or phosphates, polyoxyethylene (mono- or di-)alkylphenyl ether sulfates or phosphates, polyoxyethylene (mono-, di-, or tri-)styrylphenyl ether sulfates or phosphates, polycarboxylates (e.g., polyacrylates, polymaleates, copolymers of maleic acid and olefins, etc.), polystyrene sulfonates, etc.; cationic surfactants, such as alkylamine salts, alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, etc.; amphoteric surfactants such as amino acid-type and betaine-type surfactants; silicone surfactants, fluorosurfactants, and combinations thereof.

[0157] In some embodiments, the dispersant enables the granules to readily disintegrate in water. In some embodiments, the dispersant is an ionic or nonionic dispersant, such as salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid, salts of polyvinyl sulfonic acid, salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid / formaldehyde condensates, salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid, phenol sulfonic acid, and formaldehyde condensates, and salts of lignin sulfonic acid, polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reactive combinations of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, in addition to polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid copolymers, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylates, as well as alkyl ethoxylates and alkyl aryl ethoxylates. Preferred dispersants include sodium naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, polyethylene glycol mono-[2,4,6-tris(1-phenylethyl)]phenyl ether, or any combination thereof.

[0158] In some implementations, stabilizers may include carboxylic acids (such as citric acid and butenadic acid) or inorganic components (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate), which may also act as pH adjusters.

[0159] In some implementations, the defoamer is selected from silicone oil, modified polydimethylsiloxane, magnesium stearate, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0160] In some embodiments, the pH adjuster is selected from organic and inorganic components commonly used in agricultural chemical compositions to adjust pH. In some embodiments, the pH adjuster is selected from potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0161] In some embodiments, the fungicidal composition of this disclosure for controlling or preventing fungal diseases in crops may comprise an additional fungicide selected from the group consisting of: morpholine fungicides, triazole fungicides, acyl amino acid fungicides, aniline fungicides, antibiotic fungicides, phytohexaenoic acid fungicides, aromatic fungicides, arsenic fungicides, arylphenyl ketone fungicides, benzimidazole fungicides, benzimidazole precursor fungicides, benzothiazole fungicides, bridging diphenyl fungicides, carbamate fungicides, conazole fungicides, copper fungicides, dicarboxyimide fungicides, and dinitrophenol fungicides. Fungicides, including dithiocarbamate fungicides, dithiopentane fungicides, hydrazide fungicides, imidazole fungicides, inorganic fungicides, organophosphate fungicides, organotin fungicides, oxadiene fungicides, pyrimidine fungicides, pyrrole fungicides, quinoline fungicides, quinone fungicides, quinoxaline fungicides, thiadiazole fungicides, thiazolidine fungicides, thiocarbamate fungicides, thiophene fungicides, triazine fungicides, triazolopyrimidine fungicides, urea fungicides, zinc fungicides, unclassified fungicides, and combinations thereof.

[0162] In some implementations, the fungicidal combination or composition is in solid or liquid form.

[0163] In some embodiments, the fungicidal combination or composition is a formulation selected from the group consisting of: suspension concentrate (SC), water-dispersible granules (WDG), aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold-fogging concentrates, hot-fogging concentrates, microcapsule granules, fine granules, flowable concentrates for the treatment of seed, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, large granules, microgranules, oil-dispersible powders, oil suspensions, oil-miscible liquids, foaming agents, pastes, pesticide-coated seeds, suspension concentrates, suspension emulsions, soluble concentrates. Concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, powders and granules, water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble powders for seed treatment, wettable powders, natural and synthetic compounds impregnated with active compounds, microencapsulations in polymeric neutralizing seed coating materials, and ULV cold fog and hot fog formulations.

[0164] Methods for improving soybean plant health and yield

[0165] This disclosure also provides a method for improving the health of soybeans susceptible to plant pathogenic fungi, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0166] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for improving the health of soybeans susceptible to Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0167] This disclosure also provides a method for increasing the yield of soybeans susceptible to plant pathogenic fungi, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0168] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a method for increasing the yield of soybeans susceptible to Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or site of the crop, the fungicide combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0169] Although the above embodiments focus on methods for improving soybean health and increasing soybean yield, all features and characteristics of these methods, including the steps involved, specific fungicidal combinations and / or compositions, specific components, component ratios, component application rates, pathogenic fungi, fungal diseases, etc., are as described in any of the embodiments of the methods relating to the prevention and control of soybean fungal infection. For the sake of brevity and to avoid repetition, each of these embodiments will not be repeated herein. However, each embodiment of the described embodiments falls fully within the scope of methods for improving soybean health and increasing soybean yield.

[0170] The methods disclosed herein can be carried out on agricultural land such as fields, grasslands, and orchards, or on non-agricultural land. The methods disclosed herein can be used to control diseases in agricultural land for cultivated plants without any phytotoxicity to soybeans. The fungicidal combinations and compositions disclosed herein have not shown any signs or symptoms of phytotoxicity and are safe at different growth stages of soybeans.

[0171] In some embodiments, the combinations or compositions of this disclosure can be applied using various conventional processing techniques and machines, such as sprayers, fluidized bed technology, roller mill methods, drones, rotary static seed processors, drum coaters, spray beds, etc. Pre- and post-coating procedures, such as sizing, can also be performed. Such procedures are known in the art. It is readily understood that plant propagation material will typically only be treated after it has been removed from the plant and is ready for reseeding.

[0172] In some embodiments, the treatment can be carried out before sowing the plant propagation material so that the material to be sown has been pretreated with the fungicidal combination or composition of this disclosure. In some embodiments, seed coating or seed pelleting is performed using the fungicidal combination or composition of this invention according to this disclosure. As a result of such seed treatment, the active ingredients in the combination and / or composition adhere to the seeds and are therefore useful for disease control.

[0173] In the methods disclosed herein, the fungicidal combination / composition can be applied simultaneously as a bucket mixture or sequentially. It can be applied to the plant or parts thereof or to the soil before emergence (before or after planting). It can be applied as a foliar spray at different times during crop development, and after emergence, it can be applied once or twice, morning and evening. The fungicidal combination / composition described above can be applied, for example, as a single “premix”, as a combined spray mixture (such as a “bucket mix”) consisting of individual compositions of a single active ingredient component, or as a combination of single active ingredients when applied sequentially (i.e., one after another over a reasonably short period of time, such as minutes, hours, or days).

[0174] In some embodiments of the method of the present invention, a combination comprising fluazinam and at least one additional fungicide described herein may be applied simultaneously to soybean seeds, leaves or the site of the invention.

[0175] In some embodiments of the method of the present invention, a combination comprising fluazinam and at least one additional fungicide described herein may be sequentially applied to soybean seeds, leaves, or the site of the invention.

[0176] In some embodiments where sequential application is performed, the components (fluazinam and at least one additional fungicide described herein) can be applied in any order. For example, fluazinam can be applied first to the seeds, leaves, or sites of infection of soybean crops, followed by the application of at least one additional fungicide, or vice versa.

[0177] use

[0178] This disclosure also relates to the use of a fungicide combination or composition in controlling pathogenic fungal infection in soybeans, wherein the fungicide combination or composition comprises: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0179] In some embodiments, this disclosure relates to the use of fungicidal combinations or compositions in the control of Asian soybean rust, target spot, or both in soybeans, said fungicidal combination or composition comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0180] This disclosure also relates to the use of antifungal combinations or compositions in improving the health of soybeans, said antifungal combinations or compositions comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one compound selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0181] This disclosure also relates to the use of fungicidal combinations or compositions in increasing soybean yield, said fungicidal combinations or compositions comprising: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one compound selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

[0182] Therefore, although the above embodiments focus on the use of fungicidal combinations or compositions comprising fluazinam and at least one additional fungicide in controlling fungal infections in soybeans, improving soybean health, or increasing soybean yield, all features and characteristics defined in the embodiments, including specific fungicidal combinations and / or compositions, specific components, component ratios, component application rates, pathogenic fungi, fungal diseases, etc., as described in any of the embodiments relating to the methods for controlling fungal infections in soybean crops, are not repeated herein for the sake of brevity and to avoid repetition. However, each embodiment described in these embodiments falls entirely within the scope of use of the above embodiments.

[0183] It should be understood that the foregoing description is illustrative and not restrictive. While considerable emphasis has been placed on specific features of this disclosure herein, it will be understood that various modifications can be made, and many changes can be made to the preferred embodiments, without departing from the principles of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications can be made to practice the embodiments described herein within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as set forth herein. Similarly, other embodiments and features of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art based on the description provided herein. Descriptions of well-known / conventional methods / steps and techniques have been omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the embodiments described herein.

[0184] Advantages of this disclosure

[0185] The method used in this disclosure indicates a continuous and effective prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in crops, preferably for the prevention and treatment of soybean ( Glycine max Target spot disease caused by *Cercospora multiflora*, New World soybean rust caused by *Laminaria japonica*, or Asian soybean rust caused by *Laminaria japonica*.

[0186] The method employed in this disclosure further enables, preferably, increased crop yield and improved crop health in soybeans susceptible to various diseases.

[0187] The effectiveness of all treatments can be evaluated using the Colby equation. In the Colby equation given below, E is the expected potency of the combination of cyantraniliprole and orange oil. X is the observed potency of bromocyanamide or its salts, and Y represents the observed potency of orange oil.

[0188] The observed efficacy values, X and Y, are the percentage of weed control achieved by cyantraniliprole and orange oil. If the observed efficacy of the combination of cyantraniliprole and orange oil is greater than its expected efficacy, the combination is determined to be synergistic. If the observed efficacy is equal to or less than the expected efficacy, the combination is determined to be non-synergistic.

[0189] Colby's equation: E = X + Y - XY / 100

[0190] The synergistic effects of the combinations / compositions of the present invention are presented in the examples. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, all numerical values ​​or ranges include integers within such ranges as well as fractions or integers within such ranges. Thus, for example, references to the 90% to 100% range include 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., and 91.1%, 91.2%, 91.3%, 91.4%, 91.5%, etc., 92.1%, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%, etc.

[0191] The methods and uses disclosed herein employ fungicides or fungicides comprising fluazinam and at least one additional fungicide as described herein for the control of pathogenic fungi in soybeans, such as *Phytosporum bisporum*, *Phytosporum bisporum*, and *Cercospora multiflorum*, thereby improving fungal pathogen control and increasing soybean yield while reducing phytotoxicity.

[0192] The methods and uses disclosed herein also demonstrate a reduction in the severity and incidence of diseases caused by fungal pathogens in soybeans (including, but not limited to, Asian soybean rust and target spot), wherein the efficacy of the active ingredient remains consistent over a period of time. This, in turn, demonstrates sustained and effective control of fungal pathogens in soybean crops.

[0193] Throughout this specification, the terms 'combinations thereof' or 'any combination thereof' or 'any combination thereof' are used interchangeably and are intended to have the same meaning as commonly known in the field of this patent disclosure.

[0194] Regarding the embodiments described in this specification, it is intended that each embodiment can be understood individually and in combination with another embodiment. For example, where some implementation scheme 1 lists three alternatives A, B, and C, some implementation scheme 2 lists three alternatives D, E, and F, and some implementation scheme 3 lists three alternatives G, H, and I, it should be understood that the specification explicitly discloses implementation schemes corresponding to the following: combinations A, D, G; A, D, H; A, D, I; A, E, G; A, E, H; A, E, I; A, F, G; A, F, H; A, F, I; B, D, G; B, D, H; B, D, I; B, E, G; B, E, H; B, E, I; B, F, G; B, F, H; B, F, I; C, D, G; C, D, H; C, D, I; C, E, G; C, E, H; C, E, I; C, F, G; C, F, H; C, F, I, unless otherwise expressly stated.

[0195] Specifically, the present invention includes embodiments in which a particular subject matter is excluded, such as substances or materials, method steps and conditions, schemes, procedures, measurements, or analyses. Therefore, although the invention is not generally expressed as excluding aspects not expressly included herein, aspects not expressly included are disclosed herein. Several embodiments of the invention have been described. However, it should be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0196] Example

[0197] Example 1: The effects of fluazinam alone and in combination with tebuconazole and fluazinam on Asian soybean rust. Material efficacy .

[0198] The present invention will now be explained in detail with reference to the following formulation and test examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0199]

[0200] Table 1 shows the control efficacy of fluazinam alone and fluazinam combined with mancozeb against Asian soybean rust. Fluazinam + mancozeb showed enhanced efficacy compared to fluazinam and mancozeb treatments alone.

[0201] Example 2: The effects of fluazinam alone and in combination with tebuconazole and fluopyram on the growth of Asian soybean rust. Material efficacy .

[0202] The present invention will now be explained in detail with reference to the following formulation and test examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0203]

[0204] Table 2 shows the control efficacy of fluazinam alone and fluazinam in combination with tebuconazole and fluazinam against Asian soybean rust. Fluazinam + tebuconazole and fluazinam + fluazinam showed enhanced efficacy compared to fluazinam, tebuconazole, and fluazinam alone.

[0205] Example 3: Effects of fluazinam alone and in combination with prothioconazole, tebuconazole and difenoconazole on Asian soybeans Bioactivity of rust .

[0206] The present invention will now be explained in detail with reference to the following formulation and test examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0207]

[0208] Table 3 shows the control efficacy of fluazinam alone and fluazinam in combination with tebuconazole and fluazinam against Asian soybean rust. Fluazinam + tebuconazole, fluazinam + prothioconazole, and fluazinam + tebuconazole showed enhanced efficacy compared to fluazinam, tebuconazole, prothioconazole, and difenoconazole alone.

[0209] Any discussion of the documents, laws, materials, devices, articles of manufacture, etc., included in this specification is for the purpose of providing background to this disclosure only. This should not be construed as an admission that any or all of these contents constitute part of the prior art that existed prior to the priority date of this application, or is common general knowledge in the field related to this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for preventing pathogenic fungal infection in soybean crops, the method comprising contacting or applying an effective amount of a fungicide combination or composition to the leaves, seeds, or the site of the crop, said fungicide combination or composition comprising: a. Fluazinam, and b. At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazolamide, triazole, triazolinethion, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pathogenic fungus is *Ipomoea spp.*, *Ipomoea spp.*, *Cyclocarya paliurus*, or a combination thereof.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fungal infection causes a disease selected from the group consisting of: Asian soybean rust, New World soybean rust, target spot disease, or a combination thereof.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of fluazinam applied is in the range of about 200 g ai / ha to about 600 g ai / ha.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pyrazole carbendazim fungicide is selected from fluopyram, fludioxonil, fluopyram, or combinations thereof.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the application amounts of fluopyram, fluinbazin, and fluopyram are in the range of about 20 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the triazole fungicide is selected from difenoconazole, tebuconazole, tebuconazole, or a combination thereof.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the amount of fenpropathrin applied is in the range of about 25 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the triazoline thion fungicide is prothioconazole.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the amount of prothioconazole applied is in the range of about 50 g ai / ha to about 150 g ai / ha.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the amount of mancozeb applied is in the range of about 500 g ai / ha to about 1500 g ai.i. / ha.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the benzamide fungicide is fluopyram.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the amount of fluopyram applied is in the range of about 150 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluazinam and the at least one fungicide in the fungicide combination or the fungicide composition are used in a ratio in the range of about 10:1 to 1:

10.

16. A fungicidal composition for preventing fungal infection in soybean crops, said fungicidal composition comprising: a) Fluridine, b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof, and c) At least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.

17. The use of a fungicide combination or composition for controlling pathogenic fungal infection in soybean crops, wherein the fungicide combination or composition comprises: a) Fluazinam, and b) At least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of pyrazole carbamate, triazole, dithiocarbamate, benzamide, and combinations thereof.

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