A device and method for cultivating seedlings of a new potato variety for breeding

Abstract

This invention discloses a seed-growing device and method for potato breeding, relating to the field of potato breeding technology. The invention includes a base support containing several cultivation pots. A linear slide rail module is mounted on the front of the base support, and a planting component is installed on the top of the slide rail module's sliding seat. The planting component includes a negative pressure unit fixedly mounted on the top of the linear slide rail module's sliding seat, and a conical seed-selecting cover is fixedly mounted on the top of the negative pressure unit. This invention uses a combination of negative pressure adsorption and a sticky net to achieve seed selection without any mechanical squeezing or impact, selecting only one seed at a time, greatly reducing seed damage. Combined with a rotatable negative pressure adsorption head, the seed can be precisely placed into the cultivation pot. Under the counterweight of the sticky net, the seed position can be clearly observed, ensuring stable seed descent and preventing the seed from rolling to other positions after landing, resulting in excellent single-pot, single-seed planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of potato breeding technology, specifically to a seed-growing device and method for breeding new potato varieties. Background Technology

[0002] Potatoes are the world's fourth largest food crop and an important dual-purpose crop for both food and vegetables in my country. Breeding new potato varieties is crucial for ensuring the sustainable development of the industry, and seed-grown potatoes, as products of sexual hybridization, are the only fundamental material for creating genetic variation and cultivating new varieties. Compared with traditional tuber propagation, seed-grown potatoes have significant advantages such as a high propagation coefficient, low storage and transportation costs, and minimal risk of carrying viral diseases, making them a core technological approach in modern potato breeding.

[0003] Potato seeds have unique biological characteristics such as small size, irregular shape (kidney-shaped, oval-shaped), extremely brittle texture, small batch size, and many varieties, which bring great challenges to the planting process.

[0004] Chinese patent (publication number: CN201742715U) discloses a potato planter, including a base and a planting box fixed to the top of the base. Fertilizer boxes are respectively provided at both ends of the front of the planting box. Suspension wheels and fertilizer conduits are provided at the bottom of the fertilizer box. The suspension wheels are connected to a second transmission wheel on the central transmission shaft through a chain. A first transmission wheel is provided on the outside of the second transmission wheel. The first transmission wheel is connected to a rotating wheel fixed to the same axle as the rear wheel of a four-wheeled vehicle through a chain. Seed lifting wheels are respectively provided at both ends of the bottom of the planting box. The top of the seed lifting wheels is covered with a wheel cover. A seed slide is provided at the bottom left of the wheel cover. The bottom of the seed slide is connected to a plant spacing distribution wheel.

[0005] The patent and existing technologies have the following technical problems in practical use: Currently, the main mechanical method for sowing is the flip-type seed-lifting wheel. However, due to the unique biological characteristics of potato seedlings, such as small size, irregular shape (kidney-shaped, oval), extremely brittle texture, small batch size, and many varieties, mechanical hard-contact sowing can easily cause seed jamming and damage, resulting in significant sowing losses. Furthermore, it is difficult to sow one seed per pot. When planting multiple plants in one pot, the differences in growth vigor caused by genetic segregation are amplified. Strong plants will completely block the light from weak plants and compete for all nutrients, causing more than 80% of the weak plants to die before transplanting, resulting in the loss of a large amount of superior mutant material. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above problems by providing a seed-growing device and method for potato breeding.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution: A seed-growing device for breeding new potato varieties includes a base support, the interior of which stores several cultivation pots, and a linear slide rail module is provided on the front of the base support, with a planting component installed on the top of the slide block of the linear slide rail module. The planting assembly includes a negative pressure machine fixedly installed on the top of the linear slide rail module slide block. A conical seed selection hood is fixedly installed on the top of the negative pressure machine. The small radius end of the conical seed selection hood faces upward and has a discharge port. Only a single seed can pass through the discharge port. A tangential air inlet pipe is provided on the outside of the conical seed selection hood. A storage hopper is installed on the top of the tangential air inlet pipe. The storage hopper can quantitatively deliver seed to the tangential air inlet pipe. The negative pressure machine has a negative pressure adsorption head rotatably mounted on its top. The negative pressure adsorption head is connected to the air intake end of the negative pressure machine through an air pipe and can also be connected to the discharge port. An annular pressure sensor is installed at the bottom of the negative pressure adsorption head, and a mesh is adhered to the bottom of the annular pressure sensor. A material-lifting component is set inside the negative pressure adsorption head, which can lift the mesh away from the annular pressure sensor. A mesh-changing component is installed on the top of the negative pressure machine, which can automatically attach a new mesh to the bottom of the annular pressure sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the adhesive mesh is made of polylactic acid nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm, and both the upper and lower surfaces of the adhesive mesh are coated with water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive with a coating amount of 5-10g / m².

[0009] Furthermore, the adhesive screen switching assembly includes a bracket fixedly installed on the top of the negative pressure machine. A take-up roller and an unwind roller are rotatably mounted on the bracket. The take-up roller is driven by a take-up motor. A take-up film belt is wound between the take-up roller and the unwind roller. The adhesive screen is composited in the take-up film belt. The top of the conical seed selection hood is provided with an annular cutting groove. The bottom of the negative pressure adsorption head is provided with an annular cutting knife. When the negative pressure adsorption head descends, the annular cutting knife can be sealed and inserted into the annular cutting groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle between the winding film tape and the negative pressure adsorption head is 30-45°.

[0011] Furthermore, a servo motor is installed on the top of the negative pressure machine, and a rectangular slide groove is opened on the top of the output end of the servo motor. A lifting electromagnet is fixedly installed in the bottom of the rectangular slide groove, and a lifting shaft is slidably connected inside the rectangular slide groove. A support spring is provided between the lifting shaft and the lifting electromagnet. When the lifting electromagnet is energized and generates magnetic force, it can drive the lifting shaft to slide downward. The negative pressure adsorption head is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting shaft by bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, the top material assembly includes a top material electromagnet fixedly installed on the top of the negative pressure adsorption head, a top spring fixedly installed on the top of the top material electromagnet, a top plate fixedly installed on the top of the top spring, and several top rods fixedly installed on the bottom of the top plate. Several top material holes are opened through the inner wall of the negative pressure adsorption head and the annular pressure sensor, and the top rods pass through the top material holes.

[0013] Furthermore, a material valve is rotatably installed inside the storage hopper. The material valve is driven by a valve motor, and several feeding grooves are circumferentially opened on the material valve. Each feeding groove can hold one seed.

[0014] Furthermore, a filter screen is provided at the inlet of the tangential air intake pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom of the conical seed selection hood is provided with a material retrieval window, and a material receiving drawer is sealed and inserted into the inside of the material retrieval window.

[0016] A method for cultivating seed potatoes for breeding new varieties includes the following steps: S1. Substrate Preparation: The substrate is a mixture of vermiculite, coconut coir, and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:5:2. For every cubic meter of substrate, add 10-12 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, and 0.5-1 kg of slow-release fertilizer. Mix thoroughly, then sterilize with high-temperature steam at 121-130℃ for 30 minutes to kill pathogens and insect eggs. Next, spray the substrate with a 500-fold dilution of 45-55% carbendazim wettable powder, mix well, cover with plastic film, and let it sit for 24 hours. Finally, add water to adjust the substrate moisture content to 55-65%. S2. Preparation of cultivation pots: Soak the cultivation pots in a 0.4-0.6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes. After taking them out, rinse them with clean water and let them dry. Then fill the cultivation pots with the prepared substrate and level them with a scraper so that the surface of the substrate is 1cm away from the hole. Then place the cultivation pots in a water-filled bottom tray and let the water slowly seep in from the drainage hole at the bottom of the pot until the surface of the substrate is moist. Let it sit for 12 hours to allow the excess water to drain. S3. Precision Single-Seed Single-Pot Sowing: A large number of seedlings are pre-stored in the storage hopper. 20-30 seedlings are fed into the tangential air inlet pipe at a time. Then, the negative pressure machine is activated, creating suction inside the conical seed selection hood. Outside air enters the conical seed selection hood through the tangential air inlet pipe. The airflow carries the seedlings into the conical seed selection hood and causes them to spiral upwards. Eventually, only a single seedling sticks to the bottom of the adhesive net. Then, the negative pressure suction head rotates the adhesive net and seedlings together to the designated position in the cultivation pot. The top material component causes the adhesive net and seedlings to fall to the designated position in the cultivation pot, completing the precision sowing. Then, the linear slide rail module moves the planting component to the next cultivation pot position, and sowing is carried out continuously. S4. After all seeds have been sown, cover them evenly with a 0.3-0.6cm thick layer of vermiculite using a fine sieve to ensure that all seeds are covered. Then add water to the bottom tray and let the water slowly seep in through the drainage holes at the bottom of the tray to fully moisten the vermiculite. Cover the seed tray with a layer of transparent plastic film or non-woven fabric to maintain humidity.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention uses negative pressure adsorption in combination with a sticky net to achieve seed selection without any mechanical squeezing or impact, selecting only one seed at a time, greatly reducing the seed damage rate. Moreover, the sticky net completely degrades in the soil within 30 days, without affecting seed respiration and germination. In addition, with the setting of a rotatable negative pressure adsorption head, the seed can be placed into the cultivation pot at a fixed point. Under the counterweight effect of the sticky net, the seed position can be clearly observed, and the seed is guaranteed to fall stably and will not roll to other positions after landing. The single-pot single-seed planting effect is good.

[0018] 2. The present invention adopts a cone-shaped seed selection hood with the small end facing upward and a tangential air intake structure, so that the airflow spirals upward along the inner wall. The seeds rotate at high speed in the swirling flow and automatically adjust to a stable posture with the long axis parallel to the airflow, which fundamentally eliminates the wedge-shaped seed jamming effect caused by the tilted posture.

[0019] 3. This invention adopts a design of a composite adhesive net with a winding film belt. The winding motor drives the automatic delivery of new adhesive nets. With the precise cooperation of the annular cutting blade and the annular cutting groove, the adhesive nets are automatically cut and bonded without manual intervention. In addition, with the setting of the linear slide rail module, multiple cultivation pots can be continuously sown, resulting in high sowing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front axle side structure of the planting component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear axial structure of the planting component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the conical seed selection cover structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the conical seed selection cover of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the negative pressure adsorption head of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adhesive mesh structure of the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Base support; 2. Cultivation pot; 3. Linear slide rail module; 4. Negative pressure unit; 5. Conical seed selection hood; 51. Tangential air inlet pipe; 52. Filter screen; 53. Storage hopper; 54. Material valve; 55. Feeding groove; 56. Annular cutting groove; 57. Material retrieval window; 58. Material receiving drawer; 6. Negative pressure adsorption head; 61. Annular cutting blade; 62. Annular pressure sensor; 63. Top material electromagnet; 64. Top spring; 65. Top plate; 66. Top rod; 7. Adhesive screen switching assembly; 71. Bracket; 72. Take-up roller; 73. Unwound roller; 74. Take-up film belt; 75. Adhesive screen; 8. Servo motor; 81. Lifting electromagnet; 82. Support spring; 83. Lifting shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Example 1, as Figures 1-7 As shown, a seed-growing device for potato breeding includes a base 1, which contains several cultivation pots 2. A linear slide rail module 3 is provided on the front of the base 1, and a planting component is installed on the top of the slide of the linear slide rail module 3. The planting assembly includes a negative pressure machine 4 fixedly installed on the top of the slide block of the linear slide rail module 3. A conical seed selection hood 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the negative pressure machine 4. The small radius end of the conical seed selection hood 5 faces upward and has a discharge port at the small radius end. Only a single seed can pass through the discharge port. A tangential air inlet pipe 51 is provided on the outside of the conical seed selection hood 5. A storage hopper 53 is installed on the top of the tangential air inlet pipe 51. The storage hopper 53 can quantitatively deliver seed to the tangential air inlet pipe 51. A negative pressure adsorption head 6 is rotatably mounted on the top of the negative pressure machine 4. The negative pressure adsorption head 6 is connected to the suction end of the negative pressure machine 4 through an air pipe. The negative pressure adsorption head 6 can be connected to the discharge port. An annular pressure sensor 62 is installed at the bottom of the negative pressure adsorption head 6. A sticky net 75 is glued to the bottom of the annular pressure sensor 62. A material ejection assembly is set inside the negative pressure adsorption head 6. The material ejection assembly can push the sticky net 75 away from the annular pressure sensor 62. A sticky net switching assembly 7 is installed on the top of the negative pressure machine 4. The sticky net switching assembly 7 can automatically glue a new sticky net 75 to the bottom of the annular pressure sensor 62.

[0024] The adhesive net 75 is made of polylactic acid nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the adhesive net 75 are coated with water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive at a coating amount of 5-10g / m². It is completely biodegradable, decomposing completely in the soil within 30 days without residue. It has good air permeability and does not affect seed respiration and germination. It should be noted that the outer ring of the upper surface of the adhesive net 75 is the adhesive surface, and the inner ring of the lower surface of the adhesive net 75 is the adhesive surface. The outer ring of the lower surface contacts the top of the conical seed selection cover 5 but is not adhesive, ensuring that the adhesive net 75 can stably follow the negative pressure adsorption head 6 to detach from the conical seed selection cover 5.

[0025] Single-seed, single-pot sowing steps: The mesh switching component 7 automatically moves the new mesh 75 directly above the discharge port. Then, the negative pressure suction head 6 presses down on the mesh 75, causing it to adhere to the bottom of the annular pressure sensor 62, while maintaining a seal between the negative pressure suction head 6 and the discharge port. Next, the negative pressure machine 4 is started, generating suction in the negative pressure suction head 6. This suction head 6 then generates suction in the conical seed selection hood 5. The conical seed selection hood 5 receives air from the tangential air inlet pipe 51, and the airflow enters the hood tangentially. The airflow spirals upwards, and upon entering the conical hood, the spindle-shaped or oval seedlings rotate at high speed in the swirling airflow. They automatically adjust to a stable posture where their long axis is parallel to the airflow direction. As the spiraling airflow rises, it gradually approaches vertical, allowing the seedlings to smoothly enter the discharge port (because the diameter of the discharge port is greater than that of one seedling but less than the sum of the diameters of two seeds, mechanical limitations apply). This method physically eliminates the possibility of multiple seeds entering simultaneously. Furthermore, the seeds ultimately enter in a largely vertical position. Even if two seeds are drawn in at the same time, they will collide under the influence of the swirling current, resulting in only one seed entering the suspended position while the other cannot. This completely avoids the wedge effect caused by tilting the seed. When the seed rests on the adhesive net 75, the net is first pushed upwards to increase the adhesion area, while simultaneously applying an upward pulling force to the net. The net then applies an upward pulling force to the annular pressure sensor 62. The annular pressure sensor 62 detects the pressure change, indicating that seed selection is complete.

[0026] Then, the negative pressure suction head 6 moves the adhesive net 75 and the seedlings away from the conical seed selection cover 5. Next, the negative pressure suction head 6 rotates, moving the adhesive net 75 and the seedlings directly above the cultivation pot 2. The top material component pushes the adhesive net 75 away from the annular pressure sensor 62, and the adhesive net 75 and the seedlings fall into the pot together. The seed landing point can be clearly observed, which is convenient for subsequent soil covering. Afterward, the negative pressure suction head 6 resets, the adhesive net switching component 7 replaces the adhesive net 75, and the linear slide rail module 3 moves the planting component to the next cultivation pot 2 position for the next sowing.

[0027] Example 2, based on the above examples, further includes a screen-switching assembly 7 comprising a bracket 71 fixedly mounted on the top of the negative pressure machine 4. A take-up roller 72 and an unwind roller 73 are rotatably mounted on the bracket 71. The take-up roller 72 is driven by a take-up motor. A take-up film belt 74 is wound between the take-up roller 72 and the unwind roller 73. The screen 75 is composited in the take-up film belt 74. An annular cutting groove 56 is provided at the top of the conical seed selection hood 5. An annular cutting blade 61 is provided at the bottom of the negative pressure adsorption head 6. When the negative pressure adsorption head 6 descends, the annular cutting blade 61 can be sealed and inserted into the annular cutting groove 56.

[0028] The angle between the take-up film belt 74 and the negative pressure adsorption head 6 is 30-45°. This design shortens the distance between the take-up roller 72 and the unwind roller 73 without affecting the rotation of the negative pressure adsorption head 6.

[0029] A servo motor 8 is installed on the top of the negative pressure machine 4. A rectangular slide groove is opened on the top of the output end of the servo motor 8. A lifting electromagnet 81 is fixedly installed in the bottom of the rectangular slide groove. A lifting shaft 83 is slidably connected inside the rectangular slide groove. A support spring 82 is provided between the lifting shaft 83 and the lifting electromagnet 81. When the lifting electromagnet 81 is energized and generates magnetic force, it can drive the lifting shaft 83 to slide downward. The negative pressure adsorption head 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting shaft 83 by bolts.

[0030] Switching steps: The take-up motor drives the take-up roller 72 to wind the take-up film belt 74. The take-up film belt 74 moves the new adhesive net 75 to directly above the conical seed selection hood 5. Then, the lifting electromagnet 81 is energized, which drives the lifting shaft 83 to slide downward. The lifting shaft 83 drives the negative pressure adsorption head 6 to descend. The negative pressure adsorption head 6 drives the annular cutter 61 to insert into the annular cutting groove 56, cutting the adhesive net 75 into a ring. The adhesive net 75 is located inside the annular cutter 61, completely isolated from the outside, and stably adhered to the bottom of the annular pressure sensor 62 without affecting the negative pressure. After seed selection is completed, the lifting electromagnet 81 is de-energized. Under the action of the support spring 82, the lifting shaft 83 slides upward, causing the annular cutter 61 to disengage from the annular cutting groove 56, and the negative pressure adsorption head 6 to disengage from the conical seed selection hood 5.

[0031] Example 3, based on the above examples, further includes a top material assembly comprising a top material electromagnet 63 fixedly installed on the top of the negative pressure adsorption head 6, a top spring 64 fixedly installed on the top of the top material electromagnet 63, a top plate 65 fixedly installed on the top of the top spring 64, and a plurality of top rods 66 fixedly installed on the bottom of the top plate 65. A plurality of top material holes are provided through the inner wall of the negative pressure adsorption head 6 and the annular pressure sensor 62, and the top rods 66 pass through the top material holes.

[0032] By controlling the energization of the top material electromagnet 63, the top material electromagnet 63 generates magnetic force to drive the top plate 65 to descend. The top plate 65 drives the top rod 66 to descend, and the top rod 66 quickly pushes the sticky net 75 away from the annular pressure sensor 62, thus realizing the top material unloading.

[0033] Example 4, based on the above examples, further includes a material valve 54 rotatably installed inside the storage hopper 53. The material valve 54 is driven by a valve motor, and several feeding grooves 55 are circumferentially formed on the material valve 54. Each feeding groove 55 can hold 20-30 seedlings. A filter screen 52 is provided at the inlet of the tangential air inlet pipe 51 to reduce the impact of external impurities on the seed screening.

[0034] Example 5, based on the above examples, further includes a material-receiving window 57 at the bottom of the conical seed-selecting hood 5, with a material-receiving drawer 58 sealed inside the window 57. With the material-receiving drawer 58, after seed selection is completed, the negative pressure machine 4 stops operating, and the remaining seeds fall into the material-receiving drawer 58 under gravity, which collects and reloads them into the storage hopper 53.

[0035] Example 6: A method for cultivating seed potatoes for breeding new potato varieties, comprising the following steps: S1. Substrate Preparation: The substrate is a mixture of vermiculite, coconut coir, and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:5:2. For every cubic meter of substrate, add 10-12 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, and 0.5-1 kg of slow-release fertilizer. Mix thoroughly, then sterilize with high-temperature steam at 121-130℃ for 30 minutes to kill pathogens and insect eggs. Next, spray the substrate with a 500-fold dilution of 45-55% carbendazim wettable powder, mix well, cover with plastic film, and let it sit for 24 hours. Finally, add water to adjust the substrate moisture content to 55-65%. S2, Preparation of cultivation pot 2: Soak cultivation pot 2 in 0.4-0.6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes, take it out and rinse it with clean water, let it dry, fill the cultivation pot 2 with the prepared substrate, scrape it level with a scraper so that the surface of the substrate is 1cm away from the hole, and then place cultivation pot 2 in the water-filled bottom support 1, allowing water to slowly seep in from the drainage hole at the bottom of the pot until the surface of the substrate is moist, and leave it for 12 hours to drain the excess water; S3. Precise single-seed single-pot sowing: A large number of seedlings are pre-stored in the storage hopper 53. 20-30 seedlings are fed into the tangential air inlet pipe 51 at a time from the storage hopper 53. Then, the negative pressure machine 4 is started, which generates suction inside the conical seed selection hood 5. Outside air enters the conical seed selection hood 5 from the tangential air inlet pipe 51. The airflow carries the seedlings into the conical seed selection hood 5. The airflow drives the seedlings spiral upwards, and finally only a single seedling sticks to the bottom of the sticking net 75. Then, the negative pressure suction head 6 drives the sticking net 75 and the seedlings to rotate together to the designated position in the cultivation pot 2. The top material component causes the sticking net 75 and the seedlings to fall together to the designated position in the cultivation pot 2, completing the precise sowing. Then, the linear slide rail module 3 drives the planting component to move to the next cultivation pot 2 position, and sowing is carried out continuously in sequence. S4. After all seeds have been sown, cover them evenly with a 0.3-0.6cm thick layer of vermiculite using a fine sieve to ensure that all seeds are covered. Then add water to the bottom tray 1 and let the water slowly seep in from the drainage hole at the bottom of the tray to fully moisten the vermiculite. Cover the breeding tray with a layer of transparent plastic film or non-woven fabric to maintain humidity.

[0036] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A seed-growing cultivation device for breeding new potato varieties, comprising a base (1), characterized in that, The bottom support (1) contains several cultivation pots (2), and a linear slide rail module (3) is provided on the front of the bottom support (1). A planting component is installed on the top of the slide of the linear slide rail module (3). The planting assembly includes a negative pressure machine (4) fixedly installed on the top of the slide block of the linear slide rail module (3). A conical seed selection cover (5) is fixedly installed on the top of the negative pressure machine (4). The small radius end of the conical seed selection cover (5) faces upward, and a discharge port is opened at the small radius end. Only a single seed can pass through the discharge port. A tangential air inlet pipe (51) is provided on the outside of the conical seed selection cover (5). A storage hopper (53) is installed on the top of the tangential air inlet pipe (51). The storage hopper (53) can quantitatively deliver seed to the tangential air inlet pipe (51). The negative pressure machine (4) is rotatably mounted with a negative pressure adsorption head (6). The negative pressure adsorption head (6) is connected to the suction end of the negative pressure machine (4) through an air pipe. The negative pressure adsorption head (6) can be connected to the discharge port. The bottom of the negative pressure adsorption head (6) is equipped with an annular pressure sensor (62). A sticky net (75) is glued to the bottom of the annular pressure sensor (62). The negative pressure adsorption head (6) is equipped with a top material assembly. The top material assembly can push the sticky net (75) away from the annular pressure sensor (62). The top of the negative pressure machine (4) is equipped with a sticky net switching assembly (7). The sticky net switching assembly (7) can automatically glue a new sticky net (75) to the bottom of the annular pressure sensor (62).

2. The seed-growing cultivation device for potato variety breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive mesh (75) is made of polylactic acid nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm, and the upper and lower surfaces of the adhesive mesh (75) are coated with water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive with a coating amount of 5-10g / m².

3. The seed-growing cultivation device for potato variety breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive screen switching assembly (7) includes a bracket (71) fixedly installed on the top of the negative pressure machine (4). A take-up roller (72) and an unwind roller (73) are rotatably installed on the bracket (71). The take-up roller (72) is driven by a take-up motor. A take-up film belt (74) is wound between the take-up roller (72) and the unwind roller (73). The adhesive screen (75) is composited in the take-up film belt (74). The top of the conical seed selection cover (5) is provided with an annular cutting groove (56). The bottom of the negative pressure adsorption head (6) is provided with an annular cutting knife (61). When the negative pressure adsorption head (6) descends, the annular cutting knife (61) can be sealed and inserted into the annular cutting groove (56).

4. The seed-growing cultivation device for potato variety breeding according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle between the winding film tape (74) and the negative pressure adsorption head (6) is 30-45°.

5. The seed-growing cultivation device for potato variety breeding according to claim 4, characterized in that, The negative pressure machine (4) is equipped with a servo motor (8) on top. A rectangular slide groove is provided on the top of the output end of the servo motor (8). A lifting electromagnet (81) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the rectangular slide groove. A lifting shaft (83) is slidably connected inside the rectangular slide groove. A support spring (82) is provided between the lifting shaft (83) and the lifting electromagnet (81). When the lifting electromagnet (81) is energized and generates magnetic force, it can drive the lifting shaft (83) to slide downward. The negative pressure adsorption head (6) is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting shaft (83) by bolts.

6. The seed-growing cultivation device for potato variety breeding according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top material assembly includes a top material electromagnet (63) fixedly installed on the top of the negative pressure adsorption head (6), a top spring (64) fixedly installed on the top of the top material electromagnet (63), a top plate (65) fixedly installed on the top of the top spring (64), and several top rods (66) fixedly installed on the bottom of the top plate (65). Several top material holes are opened through the inner wall of the negative pressure adsorption head (6) and the annular pressure sensor (62), and the top rods (66) pass through the top material holes.

7. The seed-growing cultivation device for potato variety breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage hopper (53) is equipped with a rotating material valve (54), which is driven by a valve motor. The material valve (54) has several feeding grooves (55) arranged in a ring on its surface. Each feeding groove (55) can hold 20-30 seedlings.

8. The seed-growing cultivation device for potato variety breeding according to claim 7, characterized in that, A filter (52) is provided at the inlet of the tangential air intake pipe (51).

9. A seed-growing cultivation device for potato variety breeding according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom of the conical seed selection cover (5) is provided with a material taking window (57), and a material receiving drawer (58) is sealed and inserted inside the material taking window (57).

10. A method for seed cultivation of new potato varieties, comprising using a seed cultivation device for new potato varieties as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Substrate Preparation: The substrate is a mixture of vermiculite, coconut coir, and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:5:

2. For every cubic meter of substrate, add 10-12 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, and 0.5-1 kg of slow-release fertilizer. Mix thoroughly, then sterilize with high-temperature steam at 121-130℃ for 30 minutes to kill pathogens and insect eggs. Next, spray the substrate with a 500-fold dilution of 45-55% carbendazim wettable powder, mix well, cover with plastic film, and let it sit for 24 hours. Finally, add water to adjust the substrate moisture content to 55-65%. S2, Preparation of cultivation pot (2): Soak cultivation pot (2) in 0.4-0.6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes, take it out and rinse it with clean water, dry it and put the prepared substrate into cultivation pot (2), scrape it flat with a scraper so that the surface of the substrate is 1cm away from the hole, and then put cultivation pot (2) into the water-filled bottom support (1), let the water slowly seep in from the drainage hole at the bottom of the pot until the surface of the substrate is moist, and leave it for 12 hours to drain the excess water; S3. Precise single-seed single-pot sowing: A large number of seedlings are pre-stored in the storage hopper (53). The storage hopper (53) feeds 20-30 seedlings into the tangential air inlet pipe (51) at a time. Then the negative pressure machine (4) is started, which generates suction inside the conical seed selection hood (5). Outside air enters the conical seed selection hood (5) from the tangential air inlet pipe (51). The airflow carries the seedlings into the conical seed selection hood (5). The airflow drives the seedlings spiral upward. Finally, only a single seedling sticks to the bottom of the sticking net (75). Then the negative pressure adsorption head (6) drives the sticking net (75) and the seedlings to rotate together to the designated position of the cultivation pot (2). The top material component makes the sticking net (75) and the seedlings fall together to the designated position of the cultivation pot (2), completing the precise sowing. Then the linear slide rail module (3) drives the planting component to move to the next cultivation pot (2) position, and sowing is carried out continuously. S4. After all the seeds have been sown, cover them evenly with a 0.3-0.6cm thick layer of vermiculite using a fine sieve to ensure that all the seeds are covered. Then add water to the bottom tray (1) and let the water slowly seep in from the drainage hole at the bottom of the tray to fully moisten the vermiculite. Cover the breeding tray with a layer of transparent plastic film or non-woven fabric to maintain humidity.

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