A leveling measurement display system and measurement method based on GNSS positioning

Abstract

This invention discloses a GNSS-based leveling measurement display system and method, comprising a level instrument body, a foresight leveling rod, and a backsight leveling rod. The level instrument body is equipped with an instrument-end positioning unit, the foresight leveling rod is equipped with a front-end positioning device, and the backsight leveling rod is equipped with a rear-end positioning device. The instrument-end positioning unit establishes a wireless communication connection with both the front-end and rear-end positioning devices. The instrument-end positioning unit includes an instrument-end microprocessor, an instrument-end positioning module, and an instrument-end wireless communication module, which are electrically connected to the instrument-end microprocessor. This GNSS-based leveling measurement display system eliminates the need for manual rope pulling and measuring tape measurements, reducing the number of personnel and auxiliary procedures, and significantly improving the efficiency of field leveling measurements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of engineering surveying technology, specifically relating to a leveling measurement display system and measurement method based on GNSS positioning. Background Technology

[0002] In leveling operations, to mitigate the impact of the leveling instrument's i-angle error on the measurement results, the measurement specifications require that the distances from the leveling instrument to the foresight and backsight leveling rods should be approximately equal. Traditional methods commonly employ manual distance measurement using ropes and rods, which has the following significant drawbacks: 1. Manual distance measurement is cumbersome, labor-intensive, and requires a large workforce, resulting in low fieldwork efficiency; 2. The distance measurement process is greatly affected by terrain, obstacles, and human error, leading to low distance control accuracy; 3. It is impossible to quickly and intuitively adjust the foresight and backsight distances to within the allowable range specified in the specifications, affecting measurement accuracy.

[0003] Existing surveying equipment lacks a lightweight, low-cost positioning and display device that can be quickly installed on a tripod and leveling rod, making it difficult to obtain and display the distance between the level instrument and leveling rod in real time without using a measuring tape. Therefore, developing a GNSS positioning device with a simple structure, convenient installation, and the ability to display stadia distance and elevation difference in real time is of great significance for improving the automation level and operational efficiency of leveling surveys. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a GNSS-based leveling measurement display system and measurement method.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: A GNSS-based leveling measurement display system includes a level instrument body, a foresight leveling rod, and a backsight leveling rod. The level instrument body is equipped with an instrument end positioning body, the foresight leveling rod is equipped with a front rod end positioning device, and the backsight leveling rod is equipped with a rear rod end positioning device. The instrument end positioning body establishes a wireless communication connection with the front rod end positioning device and the instrument end positioning body establishes a wireless communication connection with the rear rod end positioning device.

[0006] Preferably, the instrument-end positioning body includes an instrument-end microprocessor, an instrument-end positioning module, and an instrument-end wireless communication module, wherein the instrument-end positioning module and the instrument-end wireless communication module are electrically connected to the instrument-end microprocessor.

[0007] Preferably, the anterior scale end positioning device includes an anterior scale end microprocessor, an anterior scale end positioning module, and an anterior scale end wireless communication module. The anterior scale end positioning module and the anterior scale end wireless communication module are electrically connected to the anterior scale end microprocessor, respectively. The anterior scale end wireless communication module establishes a communication connection with the instrument end wireless communication module.

[0008] Preferably, the rear end positioning mechanism includes a rear end microprocessor, a rear end positioning module, and a rear end wireless communication module. The rear end positioning module and the rear end wireless communication module are electrically connected to the rear end microprocessor, respectively. The rear end wireless communication module establishes a communication connection with the instrument end wireless communication module.

[0009] Preferably, the instrument-end positioning module, the front scale-end positioning module, and the rear scale-end positioning module are all GNSS positioning modules.

[0010] Preferably, the instrument-end positioning main body further includes an instrument-end display screen and an instrument-end alarm module, which are electrically connected to the instrument-end microprocessor; the front-end positioning device further includes a front-end display screen and a front-end alarm module, which are electrically connected to the front-end microprocessor; the rear-end positioning device further includes a rear-end display screen and a rear-end alarm module, which are electrically connected to the rear-end microprocessor.

[0011] Preferably, the instrument end positioning body is connected to the level instrument body through an instrument elastic buckle, the front rod end positioning device is connected to the front sight level rod through a front elastic buckle, and the rear rod end positioning device is connected to the rear sight level rod through a rear elastic buckle.

[0012] A measurement method for a GNSS-based leveling display system includes the following steps: Step S1: Mount the instrument end positioning body onto the level instrument body. After setting up, the instrument end positioning body should be at a height X above the ground. Mount the foresight leveling rod positioning device at the X mark on the foresight leveling rod, and mount the backsight leveling rod positioning device at the X mark on the backsight leveling rod. The heights of both the foresight and backsight leveling rods should be H. Set the foresight leveling rod vertically at the position to be measured A, and the backsight leveling rod vertically at the known position B. Position the level instrument body between the position to be measured A and the known position B. The maximum measurable line of sight between the foresight and backsight leveling rods should be L. Step S2: Start the instrument-end positioning main body and obtain the instrument-end three-dimensional coordinates through the instrument-end positioning module; start the front scale end positioning device and obtain the front scale end three-dimensional coordinates through the front scale end positioning device; start the rear scale end positioning device and obtain the rear scale end three-dimensional coordinates through the rear scale end positioning device; the instrument-end positioning main body receives the front scale end three-dimensional coordinate data and the rear scale end three-dimensional coordinate data in real time. Step S3: The instrument positioning main body calculates the line length La from the current level instrument main body to the foresight leveling rod in real time, and calculates the line length Lb from the current level instrument main body to the backsight leveling rod in real time; the instrument positioning main body displays the line lengths La and Lb in real time; the foresight leveling rod positioning device and the backsight leveling rod positioning device are synchronized with the data displayed by the instrument positioning main body in real time. Step S4: Adjust the level instrument body and the foresight leveling rod according to the information on the display screen; make La equal to Lb or La and Lb approximately equal, fix the position of the level instrument body and the foresight leveling rod, and carry out leveling measurement observation; Step S5: After the first measurement, move the main body of the level instrument to the front of the foresight leveling rod, and then move the backsight leveling rod to the front of the main body of the level instrument. The backsight leveling rod becomes the foresight leveling rod, and the foresight leveling rod becomes the backsight leveling rod. Step S6: Repeat steps S1-S5 to perform multiple measurements.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the instrument-end positioning body obtains the front rod positioning height Ha from the front rod positioning device via wireless communication, and obtains the rear rod positioning height Hb from the rear rod positioning device via wireless communication; the instrument-end positioning body obtains the level instrument height Hc; the positioning height HA of the midpoint scale of the foresight leveling rod is Ha = Ha - X + H / 2; the positioning height HB of the midpoint scale of the backsight leveling rod is Hb = Hb - X + H / 2; according to the different requirements of leveling measurement at different levels and the different requirements of three-wire measurement for different types of level instruments, it is determined that when the level instrument is performing three-wire measurement in a horizontal line of sight, the leveling rod scale cannot be lower than h and cannot be higher than Hh; the instrument-end positioning body calculates and displays: the height difference between the instrument-end positioning body and the midpoint of the rear rod HBc = |HB - Hc|, and the height difference between the instrument-end positioning body and the midpoint of the front rod HAc = |HA - Hc|; at the same time, the front rod positioning device displays HAc, and the rear rod positioning device displays HBc.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the level instrument position is adjusted according to the display information on the instrument end positioning body, and the foresight leveling rod is adjusted according to the display information on the foresight leveling device. The operator adjusts the positions of the instrument end positioning body and the foresight leveling rod respectively. According to the leveling measurement requirements of different levels, the difference between La and Lb is ensured to meet the requirements. During the movement, HAc≤(H-2h) / 2 and HBc≤(H-2h) / 2 are controlled. After the positions of the instrument end positioning body and the foresight leveling rod are determined, the position of the level instrument body is fixed, leveling measurement observation is carried out and data is recorded.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system of the present invention eliminates the need for manual rope pulling and measuring tape measurement, reduces the number of operators and auxiliary procedures, and greatly improves the efficiency of field leveling measurement.

[0016] The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system of the present invention can be quickly installed and disassembled without changing the original measurement equipment structure, thanks to its elastic buckle.

[0017] Real-time display of distance and sight distance difference allows for quick and accurate control of foresight and backsight distances, effectively reducing i-angle error and improving the accuracy of leveling results.

[0018] This invention enables the rapid determination of the position of the level instrument and the front rod during leveling measurements on slopes in mountainous areas, thus accelerating the measurement process.

[0019] 5. Low cost, simple operation, and stable battery life make it suitable for leveling surveying operations in various engineering projects such as roads, water conservancy, construction, and surveying. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the instrument end positioning body, the front scale end positioning device, and the rear scale end positioning device of the present invention. In the diagram: 1-Level instrument body, 2-Foresight leveling rod, 3-Backsight leveling rod, 4-Instrument end positioning body, 5-Foresight leveling rod positioning device, 6-Backsight leveling rod positioning device; 41-Instrument end microprocessor, 42-Instrument end positioning module, 43-Instrument end wireless communication module, 44-Instrument end display screen, 45-Instrument end power supply module, 46-Instrument end alarm module; 51-Foresight leveling rod microprocessor, 52-Foresight leveling rod positioning module, 53-Foresight leveling rod wireless communication module, 54-Foresight leveling rod display screen, 55-Foresight leveling rod power supply module, 56-Foresight leveling rod alarm module; 61-Backsight leveling rod microprocessor, 62-Backsight leveling rod positioning module, 63-Backsight leveling rod wireless communication module, 64-Backsight leveling rod display screen, 65-Backsight leveling rod power supply module, 66-Backsight leveling rod alarm module. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention in any way.

[0022] Note that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "upper," and "lower," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description of the invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the invention based on the specific circumstances. Example 1:

[0024] See Figure 1-2 A GNSS-based leveling measurement display system includes a level instrument body 1 (including a level instrument and a tripod), a foresight leveling rod 2, and a backsight leveling rod 3. The level instrument body 1 is equipped with an instrument end positioning body 4, the foresight leveling rod 2 is equipped with a front rod end positioning device 5, and the backsight leveling rod 3 is equipped with a back rod end positioning device 6. The instrument end positioning body 4 establishes a wireless communication connection with the front rod end positioning device 5, and the instrument end positioning body 4 establishes a wireless communication connection with the back rod end positioning device 6.

[0025] The instrument-end positioning main body 4 includes an instrument-end microprocessor 41, an instrument-end positioning module 42, and an instrument-end wireless communication module 43. The instrument-end positioning module 42 and the instrument-end wireless communication module 43 are electrically connected to the instrument-end microprocessor 41. The instrument-end positioning main body 4 also includes an instrument-end display screen 44, an instrument-end power supply module 45, and an instrument-end alarm module 46. The instrument-end display screen 44 and the instrument-end alarm module 46 are electrically connected to the instrument-end microprocessor 41. The instrument-end power supply module 45 supplies power to each power-consuming unit of the instrument-end positioning main body 4. The instrument-end positioning main body 4 can provide qualified or excessive warnings based on a preset allowable range of line-of-sight difference.

[0026] The front-end positioning device 5 includes a front-end microprocessor 51, a front-end positioning module 52, and a front-end wireless communication module 53. The front-end positioning module 52 and the front-end wireless communication module 53 are electrically connected to the front-end microprocessor 51. The front-end wireless communication module 53 establishes a communication connection with the instrument-end wireless communication module 43. The front-end positioning device 5 also includes a front-end display screen 54, a front-end power supply module 55, and a front-end alarm module 56. The front-end display screen 54 and the front-end alarm module 56 are electrically connected to the front-end microprocessor 51. The front-end power supply module 55 supplies power to each power-consuming unit of the front-end positioning device 5.

[0027] The rear-end positioning device 6 includes a rear-end microprocessor 61, a rear-end positioning module 62, and a rear-end wireless communication module 63. The rear-end positioning module 62 and the rear-end wireless communication module 63 are electrically connected to the rear-end microprocessor 61. The rear-end wireless communication module 63 establishes a communication connection with the instrument-side wireless communication module 43. The rear-end positioning device 6 also includes a rear-end display screen 64, a rear-end power supply module 65, and a rear-end alarm module 66. The rear-end display screen 64 and the rear-end alarm module 66 are electrically connected to the rear-end microprocessor 61. The rear-end power supply module 65 supplies power to each power-consuming unit of the rear-end positioning device 6.

[0028] The instrument-side wireless communication module 43, the front scale-end wireless communication module 53, and the rear scale-end wireless communication module 63 can be Bluetooth, WiFi, or short-range wireless transmission modules to enable real-time interaction of positioning data.

[0029] Instrument-end positioning module 42, front-end positioning module 52, and rear-end positioning module 62 are all GNSS positioning modules. In GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning modules, it is generally understood that GPS (Global Positioning System), BeiDou, or other similar satellite navigation systems are used to accurately determine the device's position, speed, and time. These modules are widely used in various devices, such as smartphones, car navigation systems, drones, and IoT devices.

[0030] The instrument end positioning body 4 is connected to the level instrument body 1 via an instrument elastic buckle (the instrument elastic buckle is set to facilitate mounting and dismounting without the need for additional fixing tools). The front rod end positioning device 5 is connected to the front sight level rod 2 via a front elastic buckle (the front elastic buckle is set to facilitate mounting and dismounting without the need for additional fixing tools). The rear rod end positioning device 6 is connected to the rear sight level rod 3 via a rear elastic buckle (the rear elastic buckle is set to facilitate mounting and dismounting without the need for additional fixing tools).

[0031] The instrument-end positioning main body 4 establishes communication connections with the front ruler-end positioning device 5 and the rear ruler-end positioning device 6 respectively. The instrument-end positioning main body 4 can display the position of the front ruler-end positioning device 5 and the position of the rear ruler-end positioning device 6 in real time. The instrument-end positioning main body 4 can calculate and display the real-time horizontal line of sight between the front ruler-end positioning device 5 and the rear ruler-end positioning device 6 (the data displayed by the front ruler-end positioning device 5, the rear ruler-end positioning device 6 and the instrument-end positioning main body 4 are synchronized in real time).

[0032] During the measurement process, when the current line of sight length exceeds the maximum measurable line of sight length, the instrument end positioning body 4 emits an alarm sound, and the front ruler end positioning device 5 and the rear ruler end positioning device 6 also emit alarm sounds synchronously until the current line of sight length between the front ruler end positioning device 5 and the rear ruler end positioning device 6 is less than the maximum measurable line of sight length, at which point the alarm sounds stop.

[0033] After a measurement is completed, the backsight leveling rod 3 needs to be changed to the front leveling rod. At this time, the main body of the level instrument 1 (instrument end positioning body 4) and the backsight leveling rod 3 (back leveling rod end positioning device 6) need to be moved. The main body of the level instrument 1 (instrument end positioning body 4) is first moved in front of the front leveling rod 2 (front leveling rod end positioning device 5), and then the backsight leveling rod 3 (back leveling rod end positioning device 6) is moved in front of the main body of the level instrument 1 (instrument end positioning body 4). During the movement, if the distance between the three exceeds the set value, the corresponding instrument end positioning body 4, front leveling rod end positioning device 5, and back leveling rod end positioning device 6 will sound an alarm.

[0034] The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system of the present invention ensures that the current line of sight between the backsight leveling rod 3 (back end positioning device 6) and the foresight leveling rod 2 (fore end positioning device 5) is less than the maximum measurable line of sight when they move relative to each other. At this time, both the backsight leveling rod 3 and the foresight leveling rod 2 are within the observation range of the leveling instrument body 1, saving manpower.

[0035] This invention relates to a GNSS-based leveling measurement display system, which eliminates the need for manual rope pulling and measuring tape distance measurement, reducing the number of personnel and auxiliary procedures, and significantly improving the efficiency of field leveling measurements. It features a flexible snap-fit ​​mechanism for quick and easy installation and disassembly without altering the original measurement equipment structure. Real-time display of distance and stadia difference allows for rapid and accurate control of foresight and backsight distances to ensure near-equality, effectively reducing i-angle errors and improving the accuracy of leveling results. It is low-cost, simple to operate, and has stable battery life, making it suitable for leveling operations in various engineering projects such as roads, water conservancy, construction, and surveying. Example 2:

[0036] Example 2 is an improvement on Example 1. The similarities will not be repeated here; the differences are as follows: Example 2 selected the model of each module in Example 1.

[0037] The instrument-side positioning main body 4 includes an instrument-side microprocessor 41, an instrument-side positioning module 42, an instrument-side wireless communication module 43, an instrument-side display screen 44, and an instrument-side power supply module 45.

[0038] The front end positioning device 5 includes a front end microprocessor 51, a front end positioning module 52, a front end wireless communication module 53, a front end display screen 54, and a front end power supply module 55.

[0039] The rear end positioning device 6 includes a rear end microprocessor 61, a rear end positioning module 62, a rear end wireless communication module 63, a rear end display screen 64, and a rear end power supply module 65.

[0040] The instrument-side microprocessor 41, the front-end microprocessor 51, and the rear-end microprocessor 61 all use the ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 module. The ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 module integrates an Xtensa LX7 dual-core processor, 512KB SRAM, 16MB Flash memory, and 8MB PSRAM, and natively supports 2.4GHz WiFi and Bluetooth LE 5.0.

[0041] The instrument-end positioning module 42, the front scale-end positioning module 52, and the rear scale-end positioning module 62 all use the E108-GN02D module. The E108-GN02D module is connected to the ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 module via UART1 (GPIO9 / TX, GPIO8 / RX) at a baud rate of 9600bps.

[0042] The instrument-side wireless communication module 43, the front scale-side wireless communication module 53, and the rear scale-side wireless communication module 63 all use the ML302 module. The ML302 module communicates with the main controller via UART2 (GPIO16 / TX, GPIO17 / RX) with a baud rate of 115200bps and AT command set compatible with the SIMCom standard.

[0043] The instrument end display screen 44, the front scale end display screen 54, and the rear scale end display screen 64 all use a 1.69-inch ST7735S screen and adopt an SPI four-wire interface (SCLK / MOSI / DC / CS / RES).

[0044] The instrument-side power supply module 45, the front scale-side power supply module 55, and the rear scale-side power supply module 65 all adopt a two-stage voltage regulation architecture: the input end supports dual input of 5V / 2A USB Type-C power supply and 3.7V lithium battery, and generates a stable 3.3V main power supply (maximum output 3A) through the TPS63020 buck-boost IC, and then provides a low-noise 3.3V power supply for sensitive analog circuits through the RT9013-33 LDO.

[0045] The instrument-side alarm module 46, the front scale-side alarm module 56, and the rear scale-side alarm module 66 all use buzzers, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. Example 3:

[0046] See Figure 1-2 A measurement method for a GNSS-based leveling display system includes the following steps: Step S1: Mount the instrument end positioning body 4 onto the level instrument body 1. After the instrument end positioning body 4 is set up, the height of the instrument end positioning body 4 from the ground is X. Mount the front rod end positioning device 5 onto the X mark of the foresight level rod 2 and the rear rod end positioning device 6 onto the X mark of the backsight level rod 3. The height of both the foresight level rod 2 and the backsight level rod 3 is H. Set the foresight level rod 2 vertically at the position to be measured A and the backsight level rod 3 vertically at the known position B. Set the level instrument body 1 between the position to be measured A and the known position B. Step S2: Start the instrument-end positioning main body 4 and obtain the instrument-end three-dimensional coordinates through the instrument-end positioning module 42; start the front scale end positioning device 5 and obtain the front scale end three-dimensional coordinates through the front scale end positioning device 5; start the rear scale end positioning device 6 and obtain the rear scale end three-dimensional coordinates through the rear scale end positioning device 6; the instrument-end positioning main body 4 receives the front scale end three-dimensional coordinate data and the rear scale end three-dimensional coordinate data in real time. Step S3: The instrument-end positioning main body 4 calculates and displays the line-of-sight length La from the current level to the front rod in real time, and calculates and displays the line-of-sight length Lb from the current level to the rear rod in real time; the front rod end positioning device 5 displays La synchronously, and the rear rod end positioning device 6 displays Lb synchronously; the data displayed by the front rod end positioning device 5 and the rear rod end positioning device 6 are synchronized with the data displayed by the instrument-end positioning main body 4. The instrument-end positioning unit 4 obtains the front rod positioning height Ha from the front rod positioning device 5 via wireless communication, and the rear rod positioning height Hb from the rear rod positioning device 6 via wireless communication; the instrument-end positioning unit 4 obtains the level instrument height Hc; the positioning height HA of the midpoint scale of the foresight leveling rod 2 is Ha = Ha - X + H / 2; the positioning height HB of the midpoint scale of the backsight leveling rod 3 is Hb - X + H / 2; according to different levels of leveling requirements and different types of leveling instruments, the corresponding maximum measurable line of sight length is Lmax; according to different levels of leveling... Measurement requirements vary depending on the type of level instrument. It is determined that when performing three-wire measurements with the level instrument in a horizontal line-of-sight state, the leveling rod scale must not be lower than h and not higher than Hh (the horizontal line-of-sight height h is reserved at the top and bottom of the three-wire measurement). The instrument end positioning body 4 calculates and displays: the height difference between the instrument end positioning body 4 and the midpoint of the rear rod HBc = |HB-Hc|, and the height difference between the instrument end positioning body 4 and the midpoint of the front rod HAc = |HA-Hc|. Simultaneously, the front rod end positioning device 5 displays HAc, and the rear rod end positioning device 6 displays HBc.

[0047] Step S4: Adjust the level instrument position according to the information displayed on the instrument positioning body 4, and adjust the foresight leveling rod 2 according to the information displayed on the foresight leveling device 5. The operator adjusts the positions of the instrument positioning body 4 and the foresight leveling rod 2 respectively. According to the leveling requirements of different levels, ensure that the difference between La and Lb meets the requirements. During the movement, control HAc≤(H-2h) / 2 and HBc≤(H-2h) / 2; Under the premise that the difference between La and Lb meets the requirements and that both La and Lb are less than the maximum line of sight under the current level instrument and leveling requirements, ... Hac and Hbc should be as large as possible to increase the measurement distance and reduce the number of measurements. After determining the positions of the instrument end positioning body 4 and the foresight leveling rod 2, fix the position of the level instrument body 1, carry out leveling measurement observations and record data. When the current line of sight length Lab exceeds the maximum measurable line of sight length Lmax, the instrument end positioning body 4 will emit an alarm sound, and the foresight leveling rod positioning device 5 and the rear leveling rod positioning device 6 will also emit alarm sounds synchronously. The alarm sounds will stop when the current line of sight length between the foresight leveling rod positioning device 5 and the rear leveling rod positioning device 6 is less than the maximum measurable line of sight length.

[0048] Step S5: After the first measurement, move the main body 1 of the level instrument to the front of the foresight leveling rod 2, and then move the backsight leveling rod 3 to the front of the main body 1 of the level instrument. The backsight leveling rod 3 becomes the foresight leveling rod 2, and the foresight leveling rod 2 becomes the backsight leveling rod 3. Then, take the measurement. Step S6: Repeat steps S3-S5 to perform multiple measurements.

[0049] The measurement method of the GNSS-based leveling display system of the present invention is simple to operate, highly automated, and can calculate and display the corresponding data in real time. It also has an alarm function to prompt the operator to make timely adjustments, thus solving the problem of rapid measurement in hilly areas and other sloping sections. Example 4:

[0050] Example 4 is an improvement on Example 3. This example is suitable for rapid measurement of slope sections with little change in slope ratio. The similarities will not be repeated. The differences are as follows: In step S4, while the operator adjusts the positions of the front ruler and the level, the instrument-end positioning body 4 calculates and displays in real time: the height difference Hac between the instrument-end positioning body 4 and the front ruler-end positioning device 5 is |Ha-Hc|, and the height difference Hbc between the instrument-end positioning body 4 and the rear ruler-end positioning device 6 is |Hb-Hc|; the acute angle corresponding to the height difference Hac is α. The instrument-end positioning body 4 calculates and displays in real time the maximum measurable line-of-sight length Lc from the level to the front ruler under the current slope, tanα=Hac / La=(Hh) / Lc, Lc=(Hh)*La / Hac. The acute angle corresponding to the height difference Hbc is β. The instrument-end positioning body 4 calculates and displays in real time the maximum measurable line-of-sight length Ld from the level to the rear ruler under the current slope, tanβ=Hbc / Lb=(Hh) / Ld, Ld=(Hh)*Lb / Hbc. The front ruler end positioning device 5 synchronously displays Lc, the rear ruler end positioning device 6 synchronously displays Ld, and the instrument end positioning main body 4 displays the maximum value of the total line of sight between the front and rear rulers under the current slope, L=Lc+Ld.

[0051] In step S4, when L≥Lmax, the operator can directly use La+Lb≤Lmax to locate the position of the foresight leveling rod 2, and then locate the position of the level instrument by ensuring that the difference between La and Lb meets the requirements; when L<Lmax, the operator can directly use La+Lb≤L to locate the position of the foresight leveling rod 2, and then locate the position of the level instrument by ensuring that the difference between La and Lb meets the requirements.

[0052] The measurement method of the GNSS-based leveling display system in this embodiment is adaptable to the measurement needs of different slopes. It can detect, display, and alarm based on the relative positional relationship between the instrument-end positioning main body 4 and the front and rear rod-end positioning devices 5 and 6. It is easy to operate and has a high degree of automation. The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A leveling measurement display system based on GNSS positioning, characterized in that: The instrument includes a leveling instrument body, a foresight leveling rod, and a backsight leveling rod. The leveling instrument body is equipped with an instrument end positioning body, the foresight leveling rod is equipped with a front rod end positioning device, and the backsight leveling rod is equipped with a rear rod end positioning device. The instrument end positioning body establishes a wireless communication connection with the front rod end positioning device and the instrument end positioning body establishes a wireless communication connection with the rear rod end positioning device.

2. The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The instrument-end positioning main body includes an instrument-end microprocessor, an instrument-end positioning module, and an instrument-end wireless communication module, wherein the instrument-end positioning module and the instrument-end wireless communication module are electrically connected to the instrument-end microprocessor.

3. The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anterior scale end positioning device includes an anterior scale end microprocessor, an anterior scale end positioning module, and an anterior scale end wireless communication module. The anterior scale end positioning module and the anterior scale end wireless communication module are electrically connected to the anterior scale end microprocessor, respectively. The anterior scale end wireless communication module establishes a communication connection with the instrument end wireless communication module.

4. The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rear end positioning mechanism includes a rear end microprocessor, a rear end positioning module, and a rear end wireless communication module. The rear end positioning module and the rear end wireless communication module are electrically connected to the rear end microprocessor, respectively. The rear end wireless communication module establishes a communication connection with the instrument end wireless communication module.

5. The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The instrument-end positioning module, the front scale-end positioning module, and the rear scale-end positioning module are all GNSS positioning modules.

6. The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The instrument-end positioning main body also includes an instrument-end display screen and an instrument-end alarm module, which are electrically connected to the instrument-end microprocessor respectively; the front scale end positioning device also includes a front scale end display screen and a front scale end alarm module, which are electrically connected to the front scale end microprocessor respectively; the rear scale end positioning device also includes a rear scale end display screen and a rear scale end alarm module, which are electrically connected to the rear scale end microprocessor respectively.

7. The GNSS-based leveling measurement display system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The instrument end positioning body is connected to the level instrument body through an instrument elastic buckle, the front rod end positioning device is connected to the front sight level rod through a front elastic buckle, and the rear rod end positioning device is connected to the rear sight level rod through a rear elastic buckle.

8. A measurement method based on the GNSS positioning leveling display system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Mount the instrument end positioning body onto the level instrument body. After setting up, the instrument end positioning body should be at a height X above the ground. Mount the foresight leveling rod positioning device at the X mark on the foresight leveling rod, and mount the backsight leveling rod positioning device at the X mark on the backsight leveling rod. The heights of both the foresight and backsight leveling rods should be H. Set the foresight leveling rod vertically at the position to be measured A, and the backsight leveling rod vertically at the known position B. Position the level instrument body between the position to be measured A and the known position B. The maximum measurable line of sight between the foresight and backsight leveling rods should be L. Step S2: Start the instrument-end positioning main body and obtain the instrument-end three-dimensional coordinates through the instrument-end positioning module; start the front scale end positioning device and obtain the front scale end three-dimensional coordinates through the front scale end positioning device; start the rear scale end positioning device and obtain the rear scale end three-dimensional coordinates through the rear scale end positioning device; the instrument-end positioning main body receives the front scale end three-dimensional coordinate data and the rear scale end three-dimensional coordinate data in real time. Step S3: The instrument positioning main body calculates the line length La from the current level instrument main body to the foresight leveling rod in real time, and calculates the line length Lb from the current level instrument main body to the backsight leveling rod in real time; the instrument positioning main body displays the line lengths La and Lb in real time; the foresight leveling rod positioning device and the backsight leveling rod positioning device are synchronized with the data displayed by the instrument positioning main body in real time. Step S4: Adjust the level instrument body and the foresight leveling rod according to the information on the display screen; make La equal to Lb or La and Lb approximately equal, fix the position of the level instrument body and the foresight leveling rod, and carry out leveling measurement observation; Step S5: After the first measurement, move the main body of the level instrument to the front of the foresight leveling rod, and then move the backsight leveling rod to the front of the main body of the level instrument. The backsight leveling rod becomes the foresight leveling rod, and the foresight leveling rod becomes the backsight leveling rod. Step S6: Repeat steps S1-S5 to perform multiple measurements.

9. The measurement method of the GNSS positioning leveling measurement display system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, the instrument-end positioning body obtains the front rod positioning height Ha from the front rod positioning device via wireless communication, and obtains the rear rod positioning height Hb from the rear rod positioning device via wireless communication; the instrument-end positioning body obtains the level instrument height Hc; the positioning height HA of the midpoint scale of the foresight leveling rod is HA = Ha - X + H / 2; the positioning height HB of the midpoint scale of the backsight leveling rod is HB = Hb - X + H / 2; according to the different requirements of leveling measurement at different levels and different types of leveling instruments, the requirements for three-wire measurement are inconsistent, it is determined that when the leveling instrument is performing three-wire measurement with a horizontal line of sight, the leveling rod scale cannot be lower than h and cannot be higher than Hh; the instrument-end positioning body calculates and displays: the height difference between the instrument-end positioning body and the midpoint of the rear rod HBc = |HB - Hc|, and the height difference between the instrument-end positioning body and the midpoint of the front rod HAc = |HA - Hc|; at the same time, the front rod positioning device displays HAc, and the rear rod positioning device displays HBc.

10. The measurement method of the GNSS positioning leveling measurement display system according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, the level instrument position is adjusted according to the information displayed on the instrument end positioning main body, and the foresight leveling rod is adjusted according to the information displayed on the foresight leveling rod end positioning device. The operator adjusts the positions of the instrument end positioning main body and the foresight leveling rod respectively. According to the leveling measurement requirements of different levels, the difference between La and Lb is ensured to meet the requirements. During the movement, HAc≤(H-2h) / 2 and HBc≤(H-2h) / 2 are controlled. After the positions of the instrument end positioning main body and the foresight leveling rod are determined, the position of the level instrument main body is fixed, leveling measurement observation is carried out and data is recorded.

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