Wave-resistant submersible offshore photovoltaic device and power generation operation method

Abstract

This application relates to the field of floating marine photovoltaic equipment technology, and in particular to a wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic equipment and a power generation operation method. The marine photovoltaic equipment includes a tensioned integral frame and multiple submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units arrayed inside the tensioned integral frame. The tensioned integral frame is anchored to the seabed at the bottom and a wave detection device is installed on the side. Each submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit is connected to the tensioned integral frame and to adjacent submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units via connecting cables. Each submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit includes a support column, unit photovoltaic modules respectively fixed to the upper and lower ends of the support column, a unit ballast water tank, an annular energy dissipation shell, an annular float coaxially fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the energy dissipation shell, and a locking mechanism installed on the upper end of the energy dissipation shell. This equipment and method have the advantages of avoiding the impact of wind and waves and improving the survivability of the equipment in harsh marine environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of floating offshore photovoltaic equipment technology, and in particular to a wave-resistant, submersible offshore photovoltaic equipment and a method for generating electricity. Background Technology

[0002] With the in-depth development of marine resources, floating marine photovoltaic equipment is widely used and has gradually become one of the important equipment for obtaining clean energy. In order to cope with extreme winds and waves at sea, existing technologies, such as the patent document with publication number WO2024256529A1, propose a submersible marine photovoltaic system. The system includes solar panels, a support platform, and ballast water tanks or diving devices for adjusting buoyancy. When severe weather such as storms and high waves is predicted or encountered, water is injected into the ballast water tank to change the overall buoyancy of the equipment, so that the photovoltaic system actively submerges below the sea surface to avoid the direct impact of wind and waves. After the sea conditions stabilize, the water is discharged and the system floats back to the surface to resume power generation.

[0003] While the aforementioned technologies can mitigate the impact of wind and waves to some extent through active diving, several potential drawbacks remain in practical applications. For instance, in non-extreme daily sea conditions, the platform is subjected to high-frequency, low-amplitude wave disturbances over extended periods. However, the support components and photovoltaic panels are typically connected by a fixed, rigid connection, resulting in the high-frequency, instantaneous impact force of waves directly acting on the photovoltaic panels, easily leading to microcracks in the components and fatigue damage at mechanical connections. Furthermore, during active diving, the complex interplay of surface wave lifting and underwater currents causes severe relative swaying between the photovoltaic panels and support components, making loosely moving parts highly susceptible to secondary hydrodynamic tearing damage. Additionally, existing systems typically employ rigid outer wave-damping frames, which struggle to effectively disperse instantaneous stress when facing multi-directional wave loads, making the overall structure prone to torsional failure.

[0004] In summary, how to enable submersible marine photovoltaic equipment to absorb high-frequency vibrations from waves under normal sea conditions to extend its lifespan, while also preventing structural tearing caused by undercurrents or hydrodynamic impacts during active submersion in the face of extreme waves, has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic equipment and power generation operation method, which has the advantages of avoiding the impact of wind and waves and improving the equipment's survivability in harsh marine environments.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: First, a wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic device is provided, comprising: a tensioned integral frame and multiple submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units arrayed inside the tensioned integral frame; the lower part of the tensioned integral frame is anchored to the seabed by anchoring cables, and a wave detection device is installed on the side; each submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit is connected to the tensioned integral frame and adjacent submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units by connecting cables; each submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit includes: a support column; unit photovoltaic modules and unit ballast water tanks respectively fixed to the upper and lower ends of the support column; an annular energy dissipation shell; an annular float coaxially fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the energy dissipation shell; and a locking mechanism installed on the upper end of the energy dissipation shell; the support column is axially inserted into the interior of the energy dissipation shell and the two can slide relative to each other; the locking mechanism is configured to rigidly interlock the energy dissipation shell and the support column when they slide relative to each other to a preset stroke. To optimize the above solution, the following technical measures were also adopted: As one of the preferred methods, the submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit also includes a friction ring sleeved on the support column and at least two horizontally arranged cantilever rods; At least two of the cantilever rods are symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the friction ring. One end of each cantilever rod is connected to the friction ring, and the other end is rigidly fixed to the inner wall of the energy dissipation shell to form a cantilever structure. Each of the cantilever rods is connected to at least two vibration-absorbing springs, which are arranged symmetrically in the vertical direction. One end of each vibration-absorbing spring is fixed to the inner wall of the energy dissipation shell, and the other end is fixed to the cantilever rod. The configuration is such that when the support column slides axially relative to the energy dissipation shell, it absorbs and dissipates the high-frequency vibration energy of the cantilever rod through elastic deformation.

[0007] As one of the preferred embodiments, the support column is provided with a locking groove, and the locking mechanism includes a drive motor and a locking pin. The drive motor is fixed to the energy dissipation shell, and the locking pin is connected to the drive motor in a transmission manner. When the energy dissipation shell and the support column slide axially relative to each other to the preset stroke, the drive motor drives the locking pin to extend radially and engage in the locking groove, thereby achieving rigid interlocking between the energy dissipation shell and the support column.

[0008] As one preferred embodiment, the tensioned integral outer frame includes an outer frame float, support pipes, tension cables, an outer frame ballast water tank, and an outer frame photovoltaic module. Multiple sets of support pipes are arranged and connected by continuous tension cables to form an annular frame. The multiple sets of support pipes are distributed at intervals along the annular frame. Multiple sets of outer frame floats are arranged and distributed at the edges and corners of the annular frame. The outer frame ballast water tank is installed at the lower end of the outer frame float, and the outer frame photovoltaic module is placed at the upper end of the outer frame float.

[0009] As one of the preferred methods, the wave detection device is communicatively connected to the host computer to collect and record wave data over a period of time and transmit it back to the host computer, which then calculates and predicts the wave situation for the next period of time.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the annular float is provided with a fixing ring, and both ends of the connecting cable are fixed to the fixing rings of the corresponding adjacent submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the energy dissipation shell has an upper end and a lower end, both of which are provided with coaxial guide holes. The support column passes axially through the interior of the energy dissipation shell through the coaxial guide holes at the upper and lower ends.

[0012] In addition, a power generation operation method using the aforementioned wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic equipment is proposed, comprising the following steps: Step S1, Early Warning and Dive Preparation: When the host predicts that there will be large waves in the next period of time, it sends a control signal to the outer frame ballast water tank of the tensioned overall outer frame and the unit ballast water tank of the diving wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit, so that they inject a preset amount of seawater in advance. Step S2, Wave Confirmation and Locking Descent: If the wave detection device subsequently identifies excessively large waves, it controls each of the ballast tanks to continue injecting water to increase weight; during the process of the overall equipment sinking below the sea surface, the annular float and the energy dissipation shell are supported and held by the buoyancy of the seawater, forcing the energy dissipation shell and the support column to slide axially relative to each other. When the sliding reaches the preset stroke, the locking mechanism is triggered, rigidly interlocking the energy dissipation shell and the support column, and the entire equipment is safely sank below the sea surface as a highly rigid whole to avoid waves; Step S3, Smooth Release and Reset: When the wave detection device identifies that the current wave condition is becoming stable, it controls each of the ballast water tanks to discharge all the injected seawater, and at the same time controls the locking mechanism to release the locked state. The energy dissipation shell and the support column slide back along the axial direction due to the buoyancy difference and reset. The entire equipment floats out of the sea and resumes normal power generation operation.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the rigid interlock specifically involves controlling the drive motor inside the locking mechanism to extend the locking pin radially and fix it in the locking groove of the support column; in step S3, the unlocking state specifically involves controlling the drive motor to retract the locking pin axially from the locking groove, thereby unlocking the locking state.

[0014] As one of the preferred methods, in step S2, the axial relative sliding of the energy dissipation shell and the support column to a preset stroke is specifically as follows: as the overall equipment sinks below the sea surface, the energy dissipation shell is lifted by the buoyancy of the seawater and slides upward relative to the support column until the upper end surface of the energy dissipation shell and the bottom surface of the unit photovoltaic module are vertically abutted and limited, triggering the locking mechanism to perform a locking action.

[0015] Because of the above-described solutions, one or more technical solutions provided in this application embodiment have at least the following technical effects or advantages: In one aspect, the present invention, by axially inserting the support column inside the energy dissipation shell, keeps the support column carrying the photovoltaic module and the energy dissipation shell that provides buoyancy in a sliding decoupled state during normal power generation operation. This cuts off the direct rigid force transmission path of wave undulation to the photovoltaic module, thereby weakening the instantaneous wave impact by relative sliding and extending the life of the photovoltaic module by dissipating the high-frequency vibration energy brought by the wave in advance.

[0016] During active diving operations in extreme sea states, as the ballast tanks of the units are filled with water to increase their weight, the support columns, carrying the photovoltaic modules, sink downwards. At this time, the energy dissipation shell and the annular float, due to their large displacement volume, are supported by the buoyancy of the seawater, and the two naturally slide relative to each other in the axial direction. When the upper surface of the energy dissipation shell comes into physical contact with the bottom surface of the unit's photovoltaic modules, the locking mechanism is triggered. Before the equipment is completely submerged, each diving wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit is locked into a rigid integral structure, and the annular float acts as a protective barrier against undercurrents, effectively preventing structural tearing caused by undercurrent shearing during underwater wave avoidance, and ensuring attitude stability throughout the entire diving cycle.

[0017] In another aspect, this solution constructs a special cantilever damping structure. When the support column slides relative to the support column, the friction ring fitted on it provides basic friction damping to dissipate wave kinetic energy. At the same time, when the friction ring generates high-frequency flutter and transmits it outward along the cantilever rod, the vibration-absorbing spring bridging the inner wall of the energy dissipation shell and the cantilever rod can respond in time. Through continuous and small elastic deformation, it directly absorbs and dissipates this part of the high-frequency vibration energy, avoiding the concentration of high-frequency alternating stress at the rigid fixed end of the cantilever rod. This fundamentally suppresses the continuous impact and wear of friction excitation on the cantilever rod and the energy dissipation shell, significantly extending the fatigue service life of the submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit.

[0018] On another front, during the underwater locking process, the locking mechanism uses an internal drive motor to directly push the locking pins radially outwards and precisely engage them in the corresponding locking grooves on the support pins. This interlocking action creates a rigid, integrated structure for the underwater wave-avoidance photovoltaic units. The locking pins' shear strength resists the continuous tearing caused by strong currents and undercurrents, providing high-strength safety protection throughout the entire underwater wave-avoidance cycle. Once the sea conditions stabilize, the motor reverses the direction of the locking pins to retract, smoothly releasing the interference and achieving the reset operation. The shear strength of the locking pins is typically determined by their diameter, and locking pins of different diameters are readily available for production and manufacturing. Therefore, this locking structure, while meeting underwater wave-avoidance safety requirements, minimizes manufacturing costs and facilitates the replacement and maintenance of load-bearing components.

[0019] In another aspect, the equipment uses discontinuous pressure-bearing support pipes and continuous tension cables to construct a tensioned overall outer frame. Inside, each submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit is connected to each other through fixed rings and connecting cables, and is uniformly anchored to the outer frame. When the array composed of each submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit encounters a sudden giant wave impact, the instantaneous high load will not be borne by a single rigid node alone, but will be quickly conducted and dispersed to the entire component through the flexible network formed by the connecting cables and tension cables. This structure not only limits the phase difference collision between internal units, but also effectively absorbs the peak impact kinetic energy by utilizing the elastic micro-deformation of the cables, thus achieving multi-directional force self-balance as a whole. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only involve some embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a wave-resistant, submersible marine photovoltaic device according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a top view of a wave-resistant, submersible marine photovoltaic device according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a side view of a wave-resistant, submersible marine photovoltaic device according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tensioned integral outer frame of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of the power generation operation method of the present invention.

[0022] Figure label: 1. Tensioned integral outer frame; 101. Outer frame float; 102. Support pipe; 103. Tension cable; 104. Outer frame ballast water tank; 105. Outer frame photovoltaic module; 2. Submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit; 201. Annular float; 202. Energy dissipation shell; 204. Unit ballast water tank; 205. Unit photovoltaic module; 206. Support column; 208. Mounting ring groove; 209. Vibration-absorbing spring; 210. Cantilever rod; 211. Friction ring; 212. Locking pin; 213. Locking groove; 214. Fixing ring; 215. Drive motor; 3. Connecting cable; 4. Anchoring cable; 5. Wave detection device. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to more clearly understand the purpose, features and advantages of this invention. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of this invention, but are only for illustrating the essential spirit of the technical solutions of this invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the word “comprising” and its variations, such as “including” and “having”, shall be understood to have an open, inclusive meaning, that is, to be interpreted as “including, but not limited to”.

[0025] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearance of "in an embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any manner in one or more embodiments.

[0026] The singular forms “a” and “the” used in this specification and the appended claims include plural references unless otherwise expressly stated herein. It should be noted that the term “or” is generally used to mean “and / or” unless otherwise expressly stated herein.

[0027] In the following description, in order to clearly demonstrate the structure and working method of the present invention, a number of directional terms will be used. However, terms such as "front", "back", "left", "right", "outside", "inside", "outward", "inward", "up", and "down" should be understood as convenient terms and not as limiting terms.

[0028] The implementation details of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following content is only for the convenience of understanding the implementation details and is not necessary for implementing this solution.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic device, aiming to solve the problem that in existing submersible marine photovoltaic devices, under normal sea conditions, the photovoltaic modules are subjected to high-frequency, low-amplitude wave disturbances for a long time, and under extreme sea conditions, during the submersion process, the loose support structure is easily torn by undercurrents or hydrodynamic impacts. It not only absorbs the high-frequency vibrations brought by waves to extend the service life under normal sea conditions, but also prevents structural tearing caused by undercurrents or hydrodynamic impacts during active submersion when facing extreme waves, greatly improving the survivability and fatigue resistance of marine photovoltaic devices in complex sea conditions.

[0030] In this embodiment, the wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic equipment consists of an outer tensioned frame 1 and multiple submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units 2 arrayed within it. The tensioned frame 1 is anchored to the seabed via anchoring cables 4 to define the sea area of ​​the entire marine photovoltaic matrix. A wave detection device 5 is installed on the side of the tensioned frame 1. This wave detection device 5 can be a Doppler wave radar or a buoy-type wave sensor. It is communicatively connected to the host (not shown) to collect and record wave height, period, and other data in real time over a period of time and transmit them back to the host. The host then uses a built-in algorithm to build a marine meteorological model and predict wave trends in advance for the next period of time.

[0031] In this embodiment, as Figures 4 to 5 As shown, the submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2 includes: a support column 206; unit photovoltaic modules 205 and unit ballast water tanks 204 respectively fixed to the upper and lower ends of the support column 206; an annular energy dissipation shell 202; an annular float 201 coaxially fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the energy dissipation shell 202; and a locking mechanism installed on the upper end of the energy dissipation shell 202; the support column 206 is axially inserted into the interior of the energy dissipation shell 202 and the two can slide relative to each other; the locking mechanism is configured to rigidly interlock the two when the equipment submerges and the energy dissipation shell 202 and the support column 206 slide relative to each other to a preset stroke.

[0032] In this embodiment, by axially inserting the support column 206 inside the energy dissipation shell 202, during normal power generation operation, the support column 206 supporting the photovoltaic module 205 is kept in a sliding decoupled state from the energy dissipation shell 202 that provides buoyancy. When waves impact the submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2 on the sea surface, the annular float 201 outside the energy dissipation shell 202 is acted upon first. Under the action of wave undulation force, the annular float 201 can slide upward relative to the support column 206 along with the energy dissipation shell 202. The up-and-down movement of the float dissipates the wave force, cutting off the direct rigid force transmission path of wave undulation to the photovoltaic module 205, weakening the instantaneous wave impact, and extending the life of the photovoltaic panel by dissipating the high-frequency vibration energy brought by the waves in advance. In addition, as described below, the friction ring 211 can also be used to further dissipate the high-frequency wave energy, further improving the stability of the photovoltaic module 205 during operation.

[0033] During active diving operations in extreme sea conditions, as the ballast tank 204 is filled with water to increase its weight, the support column 206 carries the photovoltaic module 205 downwards. At this time, the energy dissipation shell 202 and the annular float 201 are lifted by the buoyancy of the seawater due to their large displacement volume, and the two naturally slide relative to each other in the axial or vertical direction. When the sliding reaches the point where the upper surface of the energy dissipation shell 202 and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic module 205 come into vertical contact, the locking mechanism is triggered. Before the equipment is completely submerged in the water surface, i.e., in the most turbulent hydrodynamic area, the originally decoupled sliding pair is instantly converted into a rigid and fixed state. That is, each diving wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2 is locked into a rigid integral structure, and the annular float 201 acts as a protective barrier against undercurrents, effectively preventing structural tearing caused by undercurrent shearing during underwater wave avoidance, and ensuring attitude stability throughout the entire diving cycle.

[0034] Specifically, a pressure sensor is provided on the upper surface of the energy dissipation housing 202. When the support column 206 slides to the point where the upper surface of the energy dissipation housing 202 abuts against the bottom surface of the unit photovoltaic module 205 in a vertical direction, the pressure sensor is triggered and sends a signal to the host. The host controls the drive motor 215 to actuate, driving the locking pin 212 to engage in the locking groove 213, thus completing the rigid interlock between the support column 206 and the energy dissipation housing 202.

[0035] It should be noted that the core concept in this embodiment lies in the structural design, which enables the offshore photovoltaic equipment to switch between a first state and a second state. The first state is a loose state, in which the support column 206 and the energy dissipation shell 202 can slide relative to each other. This state is mainly used to dissipate the impact of high-frequency waves and is suitable for normal sea conditions, reducing the vibration impact on the photovoltaic modules and thus improving their service life. The second state is a rigid locked state, in which the support column 206 and the energy dissipation shell 202 can slide relative to each other. This state is mainly used to avoid extreme waves and is suitable for extreme sea conditions, reducing the structural impact and tearing of the equipment from turbulent currents and undercurrents, and improving the structural reliability and survivability of the equipment.

[0036] The specific control methods are existing technologies, such as PLC control, which will not be discussed here.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, a locking groove 213 is provided on the support column 206. The locking mechanism includes a drive motor 215 and a locking pin 212. The drive motor 215 is fixed on the energy dissipation shell 202. The locking pin 212 is connected to the drive motor 215. When the energy dissipation shell 202 and the support column 206 slide axially relative to each other to the preset stroke, the drive motor 215 drives the locking pin 212 to extend radially and engage in the locking groove 213, thereby achieving rigid interlocking between the energy dissipation shell 202 and the support column 206.

[0038] Specifically, the locking pin 212 extends radially, and the energy dissipation housing 202 is provided with a radially extending sliding hole. The locking pin 212 is slidably connected within the sliding hole, which limits the linear sliding of the locking pin 212 to engage with or disengage from the locking groove 213. The drive motor 215 is connected to the locking pin 212 via a gear and rack transmission, driving the locking pin 212 to slide linearly radially to engage with or disengage from the locking groove 213. In one embodiment, the host can be powered by the unit photovoltaic module 205 and / or the outer frame photovoltaic module 105. Simultaneously, the drive motor 215 can be powered by the host. The specific method of photovoltaic panel power supply is prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0039] During the underwater locking process, the locking mechanism directly pushes the locking pin 212 radially outward via the internal drive motor 215, precisely engaging it into the corresponding locking groove 213 of the support column 206. Through this interlocking action, the underwater wave-avoidance photovoltaic unit 2 is locked into a rigid whole. The locking pin's shear resistance resists the continuous tearing caused by strong currents and undercurrents, providing high-strength safety protection throughout the entire underwater wave-avoidance cycle. Once the sea conditions stabilize, the motor reverses the driving force to retract the pin, smoothly releasing the interference and achieving the reset operation. The shear resistance of the locking pin 212 is typically determined by its diameter, and locking pins of different diameters are easily manufactured. Therefore, this locking structure, while meeting underwater wave-avoidance safety requirements, minimizes manufacturing costs and facilitates the replacement and maintenance of load-bearing components.

[0040] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the tensioned integral outer frame 1 is not a traditional purely rigid welded metal frame, but rather includes an outer frame float 101, support pipes 102, tension cables 103, an outer frame ballast water tank 104, and an outer frame photovoltaic module 105. Multiple sets of support pipes 102 are connected and combined by continuous tension cables 103 to form an annular frame. These multiple sets of support pipes 102 are spaced apart along the annular frame. Multiple sets of outer frame floats 101 are distributed at the edges and corners of the annular frame. The outer frame ballast water tank 104 is installed at the lower end of the outer frame float 101 for adjusting the counterweight. The outer frame photovoltaic module 105 is placed at the upper end of the outer frame float 101 for power generation.

[0041] In this embodiment, the device uses discontinuous pressure-bearing support pipes 102 and continuous tension cables 103 to construct a tensioned overall outer frame 1. Inside, each submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2 is connected to each other through fixing rings 214 and connecting cables 3, and is uniformly anchored to the outer frame. When a local area of ​​the array encounters a sudden giant wave impact, the local instantaneous high load will not be borne by a single rigid node alone, but will be quickly conducted and dispersed to the entire component through the flexible network formed by the connecting cables and tension cables. This structure not only limits the phase difference collision between internal units, but also effectively absorbs the peak impact kinetic energy by utilizing the elastic micro-deformation of the cables, and achieves multi-directional force self-balance as a whole.

[0042] Specifically, the support tubes 102, as compression members, are arranged in groups of four in space. They are not in direct rigid contact with each other, but are connected and combined through continuous tension members, namely tension cables 103, to form the whole frame. This structure gives the outer frame macroscopic flexibility. When a large wave hits a local area, the instantaneous high load can be instantly distributed and absorbed throughout the entire area through the tension cables 103, achieving multi-directional force self-balancing.

[0043] Specifically, the outer frame float 101 is cylindrical, and each outer frame float 101 is equipped with multiple wave detection devices 5 to cover the wave conditions at all parts of the outer perimeter of the tensioned overall outer frame 1, thereby improving the detection accuracy. Specifically, the annular frame is a rectangular frame, with an outer frame float 101 at each corner of the rectangular frame and an outer frame float 101 at the center of each side, for a total of 8 outer frame floats 101. Each outer frame float 101 has an outer frame photovoltaic module 105 at its upper end and an outer frame ballast water tank 104 at its lower end. By controlling the amount of ballast water in each outer frame ballast water tank 104, the overall buoyancy of the tensioned overall outer frame 1 can be adjusted.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic units 2 arranged in an array inside the tensioned overall frame 1, as well as the submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic units 2 at the edge and the tensioned overall frame 1, are all connected by high-strength flexible connecting cables 3. To prevent the unit matrix from colliding randomly in the waves, multiple fixed rings 214 are evenly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the annular float 201. Both ends of the connecting cables 3 are firmly connected to the fixed rings 214 of adjacent units by fasteners such as shackles. In this way, the buoyancy boundaries of each internal unit are connected into a whole, forming a huge distributed redundant energy dissipation force network. When any node of this network, such as two adjacent submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic units 2, is hit by a huge wave, the instantaneous high load can be instantly dispersed and absorbed throughout the entire area through the tension cable 103, realizing multi-directional force self-balance, avoiding single-point force, bearing huge loads, and thus causing the collapse of the entire photovoltaic equipment.

[0045] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the submersible wave-avoidance photovoltaic unit 2, which serves as the core power generation and wave-avoidance execution terminal in this embodiment, has two relatively movable structural parts, mainly including a vertical support column 206 and an annular energy dissipation shell 202 surrounding it. The support column 206 can be made into a hollow tube using a lightweight, high-strength alloy resistant to marine corrosion. Its upper end is fixedly supporting the unit photovoltaic module 205 used for receiving and generating electricity, and its lower end is fixedly connected to a unit ballast water tank 204 that can carry and discharge seawater.

[0046] In one embodiment, the energy dissipation shell 202 has a cylindrical exterior and a hollow interior, with an mounting annular groove 208 formed on its outer peripheral wall. An annular float 201, providing significant buoyancy, is coaxially fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the energy dissipation shell 202 via this mounting annular groove 208. Coaxial guide holes are provided at both the top and bottom of the energy dissipation shell 202, through which a support column 206 passes axially and extends into the interior of the energy dissipation shell 202. This dual-hole design provides high-precision longitudinal sliding trajectory constraints for the support column 206, allowing for smooth axial relative sliding between the energy dissipation shell 202 and the support column 206 without jamming due to wind or waves.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, to address the high-frequency flutter problem caused by high-frequency waves, the submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2 constructs a cantilevered damping structure based on frictional energy dissipation within the hollow cavity of the energy-dissipating shell 202. This damping structure, the submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2, also includes a friction ring 211 sleeved on the support column 206 and at least two horizontally arranged cantilever rods 210. Here, two cantilever rods 210 are provided, and the cantilever rods 210 are of rigid construction. At least two cantilever rods 210 are symmetrically distributed circumferentially along the friction ring 211. One end of each cantilever rod 210 is connected to the friction ring 211, and the other end is rigidly fixed to the inner wall of the energy-dissipating shell 202 to form a cantilever structure. In one embodiment, the two are integrally connected, and each... At least two vibration-absorbing springs 209 are connected to each of the cantilever rods 210. The two vibration-absorbing springs 209 are arranged symmetrically in the vertical direction. The vibration-absorbing springs 209 are cylindrical helical springs and are arranged in a bridging manner. That is, one end of the vibration-absorbing spring 209 is fixed to the inner wall of the energy dissipation shell 202 and the other end is fixed to the cantilever rod 210. The configuration is such that when the support column 206 slides axially relative to the energy dissipation shell 202, it absorbs and dissipates the high-frequency vibration energy of the cantilever rod 210 through elastic deformation.

[0048] When the normal waves on the sea surface cause the energy dissipation shell 202 to slide up and down relative to the support column 206, the friction ring 211 adheres to the support column 206 and provides basic sliding damping to consume wave kinetic energy through frictional sliding. Once the friction surface of the friction ring 211 generates high-frequency micro-flutter, the vibration kinetic energy will be transmitted along the cantilever rod 210. At this time, the vibration-absorbing spring 209 directly absorbs and dissipates this part of high-frequency micro-motion energy through high-frequency micro-elastic deformation, thereby protecting the fixed end of the cantilever rod 210 from metal fatigue fracture, thereby extending the service life of the submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2.

[0049] In this embodiment, two sets of vibration-absorbing springs 209 are provided on each cantilever 210, with each set including two vibration-absorbing springs 209. The two vibration-absorbing springs 209 are symmetrically arranged vertically on the upper and lower sides of the cantilever 210, thus forming a symmetrical spring damping structure in the vertical direction, which can better absorb vibration energy.

[0050] In this embodiment, when dealing with extreme sea conditions, the device achieves adaptive diving and locking maneuvers through the deep coordination of structural interference and dynamic hydrodynamics. Combined with... Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the construction operation and dynamic protection process of the equipment are as follows: Step S1, Early Warning and Dive Preparation Stage: When the main unit calculates and predicts, based on the data from the wave detection device 5, that there will be excessively large waves (such as typhoons or storm surges) in the next period of time, it sends an opening control signal to the outer frame ballast water tank 104 of the tensioned overall outer frame 1 and the unit ballast water tank 204 of each submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2, so that the water tanks pump in a preset amount of seawater in advance, thereby reducing the overall reserve buoyancy of the equipment. At the same time, the water level and overall buoyancy of the equipment are monitored in real time to prepare for dive.

[0051] Step S2, Wave Confirmation and Locking Descent Stage: If the wave detection device 5 subsequently measures and confirms excessively large waves at the sea surface, the main unit controls each ballast tank to continue injecting a large amount of water to increase weight. As the overall weight of the equipment exceeds the buoyancy, the support column 206, along with the top unit photovoltaic module 205 and the tensioned overall frame 1, begins to sink below the sea surface. During this sinking process, the energy dissipation shell 202 and the surrounding annular float 201 are lifted upward by the buoyancy of the seawater due to their huge displacement volume, forcing the energy dissipation shell 202 and the sinking support column 206 to slide axially relative to each other.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, when the relative sliding reaches the preset stroke, that is, when the upper surface of the energy dissipation housing 202 and the bottom surface of the unit photovoltaic module 205 are vertically abutted and limited, the axial clearance between the photovoltaic module 205 and the energy dissipation housing 202 is completely eliminated. At this time, the locking mechanism installed on the upper end of the energy dissipation housing 202 is triggered by this absolute physical limiting action. The drive motor 215 inside the locking mechanism is energized and drives the locking pin 212 to extend radially and engage with the corresponding locking groove 213 on the support column 206. Through the radial insertion and extraction interlocking of the locking pin 212 and the locking groove 213, the energy dissipation housing 202 and the support column 206, which were originally in a sliding decoupled state, are rigidly interlocked into a high-strength integral structure. Subsequently, the entire device safely sinks to a depth of several meters below the sea surface to avoid waves. This improves the resistance of the submerged wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2 to water flow tearing and completely eliminates the risk of component tearing when the device crosses the waterline.

[0053] Step S3, Stable Release and Reset Stage: After the wind and waves have subsided and the wave detection device 5 identifies that the current wave conditions have stabilized, the main unit sends a command to control each ballast water tank to start and discharge all the injected seawater. Simultaneously, the drive motor 215 is reversed, causing the locking pin 212 to retract axially from the locking groove 213, releasing the locked state. As the counterweight decreases, the support column 206 floats upwards. The energy dissipation shell 202 and the support column 206, relying on the redistribution of their own weight and buoyancy, slide and reset axially in the opposite direction, and the equipment re-emerges on the sea surface, returning to its normal state. Figure 1 As shown in the normal sliding damping decoupling state, photovoltaic power generation continues.

[0054] In this embodiment, in step S2, the rigid interlock specifically involves controlling the drive motor 215 inside the locking mechanism to extend the locking pin 212 radially and fix it in the locking groove 213 of the support column 206; in step S3, the unlocking state specifically involves controlling the drive motor 215 to axially retract the locking pin 212 from the locking groove 213, thereby unlocking the locking state.

[0055] In this embodiment, in step S2, the axial relative sliding of the energy dissipation shell 202 and the support column 206 to a preset stroke is specifically as follows: as the overall equipment sinks below the sea surface, the energy dissipation shell 202 is lifted by the buoyancy of the seawater and slides upward relative to the support column 206 until the upper end surface of the energy dissipation shell 202 and the bottom surface of the unit photovoltaic module 205 are vertically abutted and limited, triggering the locking mechanism to perform a locking action.

[0056] In summary, in the above embodiments: 1. The submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit 2 and the outer frame float 101, combined with the prediction algorithm of the wave detection device 5, can actively submerge before extreme sea conditions arrive, proactively avoiding extreme sea conditions and using water to buffer wave energy, fundamentally avoiding direct impact from wind and waves. This solves the defect of traditional equipment that can only passively withstand impacts, significantly improving survivability in harsh marine environments. 2. The energy-dissipating shell 202 of the submersible marine photovoltaic equipment has a built-in spring and friction ring structure, combined with the buffer floating support column 206, which can effectively disperse wave impact force and buffer the instantaneous impact and high-frequency vibration brought by waves. Combined with the setting of the tensioned overall outer frame structure, its resistance to extreme waves is significantly improved compared to traditional floating platforms. 3. Its outer tensioned overall frame is supported by tension cables 103 and support pipes 102, and the internal submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units 2 are connected to each other by connecting cables 3, forming a distributed force network with stronger resistance to deformation. Compared with fixed pile foundation platforms, this structure has significant advantages in stability and redundancy when dealing with complex ocean currents and waves. Fourth, the submersible design reduces salt spray corrosion and marine organism adhesion, decreasing the frequency of component cleaning and maintenance. The equipment's active protection capabilities reduce maintenance costs after extreme weather events, thereby improving power generation benefits throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0057] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or basic characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0058] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A wave-resistant, submersible marine photovoltaic device, characterized in that, include: The tensioned overall frame (1) and multiple submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units (2) are arrayed inside the tensioned overall frame (1); the tensioned overall frame (1) is anchored to the seabed by anchoring cable (4) at the bottom and a wave detection device (5) is installed on the side; each submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit (2) is connected to the tensioned overall frame (1) and adjacent submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic units (2) by connecting cable (3); The submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit (2) includes: a support column (206); unit photovoltaic modules (205) and unit ballast water tanks (204) respectively fixed at the upper and lower ends of the support column (206); an annular energy dissipation shell (202); an annular float (201) coaxially fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the energy dissipation shell (202); and a locking mechanism installed at the upper end of the energy dissipation shell (202); The support column (206) is axially inserted inside the energy dissipation shell (202) and the two can slide relative to each other; the locking mechanism is configured to rigidly interlock the energy dissipation shell (202) and the support column (206) when they slide relative to each other to a preset stroke.

2. The wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit (2) also includes a friction ring (211) sleeved on the support column (206) and at least two horizontally arranged cantilever rods (210). At least two of the cantilever rods (210) are symmetrically distributed around the friction ring (211). One end of the cantilever rod (210) is connected to the friction ring (211), and the other end is rigidly fixed to the inner wall of the energy dissipation shell (202) to form a cantilever structure. Each of the cantilever rods (210) is connected to at least two vibration-absorbing springs (209). The two vibration-absorbing springs (209) are arranged symmetrically in the vertical direction. One end of the vibration-absorbing spring (209) is fixed to the inner wall of the energy dissipation shell (202), and the other end is fixed to the cantilever rod (210). The configuration is such that when the support column (206) slides axially relative to the energy dissipation shell (202), it absorbs and dissipates the high-frequency vibration energy of the cantilever rod (210) through elastic deformation.

3. The wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support column (206) is provided with a locking groove (213), and the locking mechanism includes a drive motor (215) and a locking pin (212). The drive motor (215) is fixed on the energy dissipation shell (202), and the locking pin (212) is connected to the drive motor (215) in a transmission connection. When the energy dissipation shell (202) and the support column (206) slide axially relative to each other to the preset stroke, the drive motor (215) drives the locking pin (212) to extend radially and engage in the locking groove (213), thereby achieving rigid interlocking between the energy dissipation shell (202) and the support column (206).

4. The wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tensioned integral outer frame (1) includes an outer frame float (101), support pipes (102), tension cables (103), an outer frame ballast water tank (104), and an outer frame photovoltaic module (105). Multiple sets of support pipes (102) are connected and combined by continuous tension cables (103) to form an annular frame. Multiple sets of support pipes (102) are distributed at intervals along the annular frame. Multiple sets of outer frame floats (101) are distributed at the edges and corners of the annular frame. The outer frame ballast water tank (104) is installed at the lower end of the outer frame float (101), and the outer frame photovoltaic module (105) is placed at the upper end of the outer frame float (101).

5. The wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wave detection device (5) is connected to the host computer for collecting and recording wave data over a period of time and transmitting it back to the host computer, which then calculates and predicts the wave situation over the next period of time.

6. The wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular float (201) is provided with a fixing ring (214), and the two ends of the connecting cable (3) are fixed on the fixing ring (214) of the corresponding adjacent submersible wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit (2).

7. The wave-resistant submersible marine photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation shell (202) has an upper end and a lower end, and both the upper end and the lower end are provided with coaxial guide holes. The support column (206) passes through the interior of the energy dissipation shell (202) axially through the coaxial guide holes of the upper end and the lower end.

8. A method for generating electricity using the wave-resistant, submersible offshore photovoltaic equipment as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1, Early Warning and Dive Preparation: When the host predicts that there will be large waves in the next period of time, a control signal is sent to the outer frame ballast water tank (104) of the tensioned integral outer frame (1) and the unit ballast water tank (204) of the diving wave-avoiding photovoltaic unit (2) to inject a preset amount of seawater in advance. Step S2, Wave Confirmation and Locking Descent: If the wave detection device (5) subsequently identifies excessively large waves, it controls each of the ballast tanks to continue injecting water to increase weight; during the process of the overall equipment sinking below the sea surface, the annular float (201) and the energy dissipation shell (202) are held up by the buoyancy of the seawater, forcing the energy dissipation shell (202) and the support column (206) to slide relative to each other axially. When the sliding reaches the preset stroke, the locking mechanism is triggered, and the energy dissipation shell (202) and the support column (206) are rigidly interlocked. The entire equipment, as a highly rigid whole, safely sinks below the sea surface to avoid waves; Step S3, Smooth Release and Reset: When the wave detection device (5) identifies that the current wave condition is stable, it controls each of the ballast water tanks to discharge all the injected seawater, and at the same time controls the locking mechanism to release the locked state. The energy dissipation shell (202) and the support column (206) slide back along the axial direction due to the buoyancy difference and the entire equipment floats out of the sea surface to resume normal power generation operation.

9. The power generation operation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the rigid interlock specifically involves controlling the drive motor (215) inside the locking mechanism to extend the locking pin (212) radially and fix it in the locking groove (213) of the support column (206); in step S3, the unlocking state specifically involves controlling the drive motor (215) to axially retract the locking pin (212) from the locking groove (213), thereby unlocking the locking state.

10. The power generation operation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the axial relative sliding of the energy dissipation shell (202) and the support column (206) to a preset stroke is specifically as follows: as the overall equipment sinks below the sea surface, the energy dissipation shell (202) is lifted by the buoyancy of the seawater and slides upward relative to the support column (206) until the upper end surface of the energy dissipation shell (202) and the bottom surface of the unit photovoltaic module (205) are vertically abutted and limited, triggering the locking mechanism to perform a locking action.

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