Seeding, fertilizing, covering, and compacting integrated machine

Abstract

The application discloses a seeding, fertilizing, covering and compacting integrated machine, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, which comprises a hanger installed at the rear end of a tractor, a rotary tillage mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a seeding mechanism, a covering mechanism and a compacting mechanism installed on the hanger; the rotary tillage mechanism comprises a front rotating shaft connected to the lower part of the front end of the hanger through a longitudinal bearing; the driving devices of the fertilizing mechanism and the seeding mechanism are connected to the front rotating shaft; the bottom end of each seed dropping tube of the seeding mechanism is provided with a backward bending area, the front end of the backward bending area is provided with a share, and the rear end is provided with a seed outlet; the covering mechanism comprises covering plates with the same number as the shares, and each share is provided with a covering plate in front; the compacting mechanism comprises a rear rotating roller, the rear rotating roller is coaxially connected with compacting rings with the same number as the shares, and each covering plate is provided with a compacting ring in front. The application has the characteristics of high integration degree, coherent operation process and flexible parameter adjustment, and is suitable for large-scale planting operation of wheat, corn and other field crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to an integrated machine for sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting soil. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, agricultural production for field crops such as wheat and corn often employs segmented operations for rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, covering, and compaction, requiring multiple independent machines to complete these steps sequentially. This method results in high equipment costs, high labor consumption, and low efficiency. Furthermore, repeated field entry can lead to soil compaction and hardening, disrupting soil aggregate structure and hindering crop root growth. Precise coordination of operating parameters between different machines is also difficult. For example, mismatches exist between fertilization depth and deep furrow sowing depth, uneven soil covering thickness after deep furrow sowing, and inaccurate or inconsistent compaction pressure after deep furrow covering, leading to unstable sowing quality and directly impacting crop emergence rate and subsequent growth. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an integrated agricultural operation device that combines rotary tillage, fertilization, furrow sowing, soil covering, and furrow compaction, thereby solving the problem of the difficulty in accurately coordinating operation parameters in existing technologies.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows.

[0005] A sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting integrated machine, characterized in that it includes a suspension frame installed at the rear of a tractor, and a rotary tillage mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a sowing mechanism, a covering mechanism, and a compaction mechanism installed on the suspension frame.

[0006] The rotary tillage mechanism includes a front shaft connected to the lower front end of the suspension frame by a longitudinal bearing. The middle of the front shaft is connected to the gearbox, and the gearbox is connected to the tractor power system via a universal joint. Several cutters are provided on the radial outer circumference of the front shaft.

[0007] The fertilization mechanism includes several fertilizer guide channels, with the bottom of each fertilizer guide channel located directly above the front rotating shaft; the sowing mechanism includes several seed drop tubes; the bottom of each seed drop tube has a backward-curving section, with a plowshare at the front end and a seed outlet at the rear end of the backward-curving section; the bottom of each plowshare is located behind the front rotating shaft and below its central axis; the drive mechanisms of the fertilization mechanism and the sowing mechanism are connected to the front rotating shaft; the soil covering mechanism includes soil covering plates, the same number as the plowshares, set on the bottom surface of the suspension frame, with a soil covering plate located directly behind each plowshare, and the horizontal cross-section of each soil covering plate being a forward-opening "V" shape; the compaction mechanism includes a rear rotating roller longitudinally hinged to the bottom surface of the rear end of the suspension frame, with a compaction ring, the same number as the plowshares, coaxially connected to the rear rotating roller, and a compaction ring located directly behind each soil covering plate.

[0008] During operation, the tractor propels the entire machine forward via the suspension frame. The universal joint transmits the tractor's power to the gearbox, driving the front axle to rotate. The blades perform rotary tillage on the soil. The front axle drives the fertilization mechanism to dispense fertilizer in measured amounts from the fertilizer guide trough onto the ground. The blades mix the fertilizer evenly with the soil. The moldboard opens furrows in the loosened soil after rotary tillage. The front axle drives the seeding mechanism to drop seeds from the seed drop tube. Guided by the backward-curving section, the seeds fall precisely into the seed furrow from the seed outlet. The covering plate gathers the soil from both sides towards the seed furrow to complete the covering. The compaction ring on the rotating roller presses down on the covered seed furrow, ensuring close contact between the seeds and the soil.

[0009] This invention integrates rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, covering, and compaction functions into a single unit, resulting in a compact size and simple structure. The front rotating shaft drives the first and second rotating rods, avoiding parameter mismatch issues caused by slippage in the ground wheel transmission and achieving precise coordination of various operational parameters. The backward bending of the seed-dropping tube and the design of the seed drill ensure that the furrow opening position is located in the loose soil area after rotary tillage, making the seed furrow ideal for sowing. The compaction mechanism uses a rear rotating roller with a compaction ring. The rear rotating roller is longitudinally hinged to the bottom of the rear end of the suspension frame, fully utilizing its own weight. The compaction ring has a smaller compaction error compared to existing compaction wheels, facilitating precise compaction. This invention reduces the number of times the equipment needs to enter the field, lowers the risk of soil compaction and hardening, and protects the soil aggregate structure. Accurate seed furrow positioning, uniform soil covering thickness, and stable compaction effect effectively improve sowing quality and crop emergence rate.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer box arranged longitudinally above the rotary tillage mechanism and a first rotating rod arranged longitudinally below the fertilizer box. Several fertilizer discharge funnels are arranged longitudinally at the bottom of the fertilizer box. Each fertilizer discharge gear is installed longitudinally at equal intervals, and each fertilizer discharge gear closes the outlet of the nearest fertilizer discharge funnel. A fertilizer guide groove perpendicular to the first rotating rod is provided below each fertilizer discharge gear.

[0011] The sowing mechanism includes a seed box arranged longitudinally behind the fertilizer box and a second rotating rod arranged longitudinally below the seed box; several seed dispensing funnels are arranged longitudinally at the bottom of the seed box, and seed dispensing gears are installed longitudinally at equal intervals on the second rotating rod; a seed dropping tube perpendicular to the second rotating rod is provided below each seed dispensing gear; each seed dispensing gear closes the outlet of the nearest seed dispensing funnel and the inlet of the seed dropping tube. The front rotating shaft and the same end of the first rotating rod are connected by a transmission belt, and the front rotating shaft and the same end of the second rotating rod are connected by a transmission belt.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the bending angle of the backward bending section at the bottom of each seed-dropping tube is 30° to 60°. The horizontal distance between the bottom of the plowshare and the front rotating shaft is 5-10cm, and the vertical height difference is 2-5cm.

[0013] The bottom of the seed-dropping tube is bent backward at an angle of 30° to 60°. This ensures smooth seed descent, preventing blockages, and allows seeds to land precisely in the seed furrows dug by the moldboard, guaranteeing consistent sowing depth and improving accuracy. The horizontal distance and vertical height difference between the bottom of the moldboard and the front rotating shaft are set within a reasonable range, ensuring the furrows are located in the loosened soil area after rotary tillage. This appropriate sowing depth facilitates seed absorption of water and nutrients, promoting germination.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the left and right sides of the suspension frame are each hinged with an inclined plate via a first horizontal hinge shaft, and the two ends of the rear roller are respectively connected to the lower end bearings of the two inclined plates, and the central axes of the two first horizontal hinge shafts are on the same straight line.

[0015] The inclined plate is hinged to the suspension frame through the first horizontal hinge shaft, so that the rear roller can float up and down with the terrain, ensuring that the compaction ring is in close contact with the soil surface, achieving uniform compaction and avoiding uneven compaction due to uneven ground.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, each of the two inclined plates is provided with a support at its rear end, and the top of each support is connected to the longitudinal scraper. There is a gap between the bottom surface of the longitudinal scraper and the top of each compaction ring.

[0017] The longitudinal scraper can scrape off the soil adhering to the surface of the compaction ring, preventing soil accumulation from affecting the compaction effect.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, each of the front side of the foremost compaction ring and the rear side of the last compaction ring on the rear roller is hinged with a column. The left and right ends of the rear end of the suspension frame are each provided with a column insertion hole. Each column is inserted into the nearest column insertion hole. Each column is fitted with a spring with an inner diameter larger than the column insertion hole. The spring is located between the column insertion hole and the rear roller.

[0019] The elasticity of the spring allows the rear roller to automatically adjust the compaction pressure according to the soil texture. The spring compression increases when the soil is hard and decreases when the soil is soft, ensuring the compaction effect while avoiding over-compaction.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, a soil-feeding plow is connected to the bottom of the gearbox; a crushing bracket is fixedly connected to the front of the tractor, and a horizontally arranged transmission box is installed on the crushing bracket. A transmission mechanism is installed inside the transmission box, and a crushing shaft is vertically arranged at both ends of the transmission box. The crushing shaft is connected to the transmission mechanism, and a cutter disc is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the crushing shaft. Several crushing blades are arranged in a ring on the radial outer circumference surface of the cutter disc; the transmission mechanism is connected to the tractor's power system.

[0021] The high-speed rotation of the crushing shaft drives the crushing blades on the cutter head to quickly cut the straw in the field. The chopped straw is evenly spread on the ground and mixed into the soil during subsequent rotary tillage. The crushed straw can be fully mixed with the rotary tilled soil, increasing the soil organic matter content and improving soil aeration and water retention.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, a drive wheel is coaxially mounted on the left end of the front axle; The left end of the first rotating rod is connected to the first reducer, and the driving wheel is connected to the power input wheel of the first reducer by the first transmission belt. The left end of the second rotating rod is connected to the second reducer, and the driving wheel is connected to the power input wheel of the second reducer by the second transmission belt.

[0023] Alternatively, the right end of the first rotating rod is connected to a first reducer, and the driving wheel is connected to the power input wheel of the first reducer via a first transmission belt. The right end of the second rotating rod is connected to a second reducer, and the driving wheel is connected to the power input wheel of the second reducer via a second transmission belt.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, both the first transmission belt and the second transmission belt are synchronous belts. The suspension frame is provided with two tension pulleys, and each tension pulley is installed on the suspension frame through an adjusting bracket. The first transmission belt and the second transmission belt are respectively connected to a tension pulley.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution, part of the fertilizer box is located above the seed box, and the rear end of the fertilizer box is connected to the hanging frame through several columns. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the integrated sowing, fertilizing, soil covering, and compaction machine of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of part A.

[0028] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part B.

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part C.

[0030] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part D.

[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part E.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the integrated sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting machine of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of part F.

[0034] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified view of part H.

[0035] Figure 10 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of part G.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the integrated sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting machine of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A magnified view of part I.

[0038] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A magnified view of part J.

[0039] Among them: Tractor-1; Suspension bracket-2; First horizontal hinge shaft-21; Inclined plate-22; Bracket-23; Longitudinal scraper-24; Column-25; Column insertion hole-26; Spring-27; Adjusting bracket-28; Tensioning wheel-29; Support column-210; Rotary tillage mechanism-3; Front pivot-31; Gearbox-32; Universal joint-33; Cutting blades-34; Soil-feeding plow-35; Fertilizer applicator - 4; Fertilizer bin - 41; First rotating rod - 42; Fertilizer discharge gear - 43; Fertilizer guide chute - 44; Fertilizer discharge funnel - 45; First reducer - 46; Power input wheel of the first reducer - 47; First transmission belt - 48; Seeding mechanism - 5; Seed box - 51; Second rotating rod - 52; Seed metering gear - 53; Seed funnel - 54; Seed dropping tube - 55; Backward bending section - 56; Plowshare - 57; Seed outlet - 58; Second reducer - 59; Power input wheel of the second reducer - 510; Second transmission belt - 511; Soil covering mechanism-6; Soil covering board-61; Compaction mechanism-7; Rear roller-71; Compaction ring-72; Transmission box-8; Crushing shaft-81; Cutter disc-82; Crushing blade-83. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] Example 1. As... Figure 1-6 As shown, a sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting integrated machine includes a suspension frame 2 installed at the rear end of a tractor 1, and a rotary tillage mechanism 3, a fertilizing mechanism 4, a sowing mechanism 5, a covering mechanism 6, and a compaction mechanism 7 installed on the suspension frame 2.

[0042] The rotary tillage mechanism 3 includes a front rotating shaft 31 connected to the lower front end of the suspension frame 2 by a longitudinal bearing. The middle part of the front rotating shaft 31 is connected to the gearbox 32, and the gearbox 32 is connected to the tractor power system through a universal joint 33. Several cutters 34 are provided on the radial outer circumference of the front rotating shaft 31.

[0043] The fertilization mechanism 4 includes ten fertilizer guide channels 44, the bottom of each fertilizer guide channel 44 being directly above the front rotating shaft 31; the sowing mechanism 5 includes ten seed drop tubes 55; the bottom of each seed drop tube 55 is provided with a backward-curving section 56, the front end of which is provided with a plowshare 57 and the rear end with a seed outlet 58; the bottom end of each plowshare 57 is located behind the front rotating shaft 31 and below the central axis of the front rotating shaft 31; the driving mechanism of the fertilization mechanism 4 and the sowing mechanism 5... The moving mechanism is connected to the front rotating shaft 31; the soil covering mechanism 6 includes ten soil covering plates 61 set on the bottom surface of the suspension frame 2, and a soil covering plate 61 is provided directly behind each plowshare 57. The horizontal cross section of each soil covering plate 61 is a "V" shape with an opening facing forward; the compaction mechanism 7 includes a rear rotating roller 71 that is longitudinally hinged to the bottom surface of the rear end of the suspension frame 2. Ten compaction rings 72 are coaxially connected to the rear rotating roller 71, and a compaction ring 72 is provided directly behind each soil covering plate 61.

[0044] Specifically, the fertilization mechanism 4 includes a fertilizer box 41 longitudinally positioned above the rotary tillage mechanism 3 and a first rotating rod 42 longitudinally positioned below the fertilizer box 41. Ten fertilizer dispensing funnels 45 are longitudinally arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box 41. Ten fertilizer dispensing gears 43 are longitudinally and equidistantly installed on the first rotating rod 42, each dispensing gear 43 sealing the outlet of the nearest fertilizer dispensing funnel 45. Below each dispensing gear 43 is a fertilizer guide groove 44 perpendicular to the first rotating rod 42. Each dispensing gear 43 has an arc-shaped groove on its outer circumferential surface that matches the corresponding fertilizer granules, with the groove spacing matching the sowing row spacing. When the dispensing gear 43 rotates, it can discharge the fertilizer from the outlet of the nearest fertilizer dispensing funnel 45 into the nearest fertilizer guide groove 44.

[0045] The sowing mechanism 5 includes a seed box 51 longitudinally positioned behind the fertilizer box 41 and a second rotating rod 52 longitudinally positioned below the seed box 51. Ten seed dispensing funnels 54 are longitudinally arranged at the bottom of the seed box 51, and ten seed-discharging gears 53 are longitudinally and equidistantly mounted on the second rotating rod 52. Each seed-discharging gear 53 has a seed-dropping tube 55 perpendicular to the second rotating rod 52 below it. Each seed-discharging gear 53 closes the outlet of the nearest seed dispensing funnel 54 and the inlet of the seed-dropping tube 55. The outer circumferential surface of each seed-discharging gear 53 has an arc-shaped groove matching the corresponding seed size, with the groove spacing consistent with the sowing row spacing. When the seed-discharging gear 53 rotates, it can discharge the seeds from the outlet of the nearest seed dispensing funnel 54 into the nearest seed-dropping tube 55.

[0046] The front rotating shaft 31 is connected to the same end of the first rotating rod 42, and the front rotating shaft 31 is connected to the same end of the second rotating rod 52 via transmission belts. A bearing 20 is longitudinally provided at the lower front end of the suspension frame 2, and the front rotating shaft 31 is mounted on the bearing 20.

[0047] In this embodiment, the integrated sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting machine has a symmetrical structure. A sloping plate 22 is hinged to each of the left and right sides of the suspension frame 2 via a first horizontal hinge shaft 21. The two ends of the rear roller 71 are respectively connected to the lower bearings of the two sloping plates 22, and the central axes of the two first horizontal hinge shafts 21 are on the same straight line. The sloping plates 22 are hinged to the suspension frame 2 via the first horizontal hinge shafts 21, allowing the rear roller 71 to move up and down with the terrain, ensuring that the compaction ring 72 is in close contact with the soil surface, achieving uniform compaction and avoiding uneven compaction due to uneven ground. A soil-penetrating plow 35 is connected to the bottom of the gearbox 32.

[0048] A drive wheel 36 is coaxially mounted on the left end of the front axle 31.

[0049] The left end of the first rotating rod 42 is connected to the first reducer 46, and the driving wheel 36 is connected to the power input wheel 47 of the first reducer by the first transmission belt 48. The left end of the second rotating rod 52 is connected to the second reducer 59, and the driving wheel 36 is connected to the power input wheel 510 of the second reducer by the second transmission belt 511.

[0050] Both the first transmission belt 48 and the second transmission belt 511 are synchronous belts. The suspension frame 2 has two tension pulleys 29, each mounted on the suspension frame 2 via an adjusting bracket 28. The first transmission belt 48 and the second transmission belt 511 are each connected to one tension pulley 29. The adjusting bracket 28 has several screw holes 281, and the axle of the tension pulley 29 is screwed into one of these screw holes. The position of the tension pulley 29 is adjusted by screwing its axle into different screw holes 281. The rear roller 71 is located below the rear end of the suspension frame.

[0051] The suspension frame 2 is suspended at three points at the rear of the tractor. During operation, the tractor 1 moves forward through the suspension frame 2. The universal joint 33 transmits power from the tractor 1 to the gearbox 32, driving the front shaft 31 to rotate. The blades 34 perform rotary tillage on the soil. The front shaft 31 drives the first rotating rod 42 to rotate synchronously through the transmission belt. The fertilizer discharging gear 43 rotates to quantitatively deliver fertilizer from the fertilizer box 41 to the fertilizer guide trough 44. The fertilizer guide trough 44 falls down, and the blades 34 mix the fertilizer with the soil evenly. The plowshare 57 digs furrows in the rotary tilled soil. The front shaft 31 drives the second rotating rod 52 to rotate through the transmission belt. At the same time, the seed discharging gear 53 rotates to quantitatively deliver seeds from the seed box 51 into the seed drop tube 55. Guided by the backward-curved part, the seeds fall precisely into the seed furrow from the seed outlet 58. The soil covering plate 61 gathers the soil on both sides towards the seed furrow to complete the soil covering. The compaction ring 72 on the rotating roller compacts the seed furrow after soil covering, ensuring close contact between the seeds and the soil. The bending angle of the backward-curving section 56 at the bottom of each seed-dropping tube 55 is 30°. The horizontal distance between the bottom of the moldboard 57 and the front rotating shaft 31 is 5cm, and the vertical height difference is 2cm. The horizontal distance and vertical height difference between the bottom of the moldboard 57 and the front rotating shaft 31 are set within a reasonable range so that the furrowing position of the moldboard 57 is in the loose soil area after rotary tillage, the sowing depth is appropriate, which facilitates the absorption of water and nutrients by the seeds and promotes germination.

[0052] This embodiment integrates rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, covering, and compaction functions into one unit. The front rotating shaft 31 drives the first rotating rod 42 and the second rotating rod 52, avoiding parameter mismatch caused by slippage in the ground wheel transmission and achieving precise coordination of various operational parameters. The backward-curving portion of the seed-dropping tube 55 and the design of the plowshare 57 ensure that the furrow opening position of the plowshare 57 is in the loose soil area after rotary tillage, making the furrow position ideal for sowing. The compaction mechanism 7 adopts a rear rotating roller 71 with a compaction ring 72. The rear rotating roller 71 is longitudinally hinged to the bottom surface of the rear end of the suspension frame 2, which can fully utilize the self-weight of the rear rotating roller 71. The compaction ring 72 has a smaller compaction error compared to existing compaction wheels, facilitating precise compaction. This device reduces the number of times the equipment enters the field, lowers the risk of soil compaction and hardening, and protects the soil aggregate structure. The seed furrow is accurately positioned, the covering thickness is uniform, and the compaction effect is stable, effectively improving sowing quality and crop emergence rate. The device in this embodiment features a high degree of integration, a coherent operation process, and flexible parameter adjustment, making it suitable for large-scale planting operations of field crops such as wheat and corn.

[0053] Example 2. (As shown) Figure 7-10As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the bending angle of the backward bending section 56 at the bottom of each seed-dropping tube 55 is 60°. The horizontal distance between the bottom of the plowshare 57 and the front rotating shaft 31 is 10cm, and the vertical height difference is 5cm. A column 25 is hinged to the front side of the foremost compaction ring 72 and the rear side of the last compaction ring 72 on the rear rotating roller 71. A column insertion hole 26 is provided at the left and right ends of the rear end of the suspension frame 2. Each column 25 is inserted into the nearest column insertion hole 26. A spring 27 with an inner diameter larger than the column insertion hole 26 is fitted onto each column 25. The spring 27 is located between the column insertion hole 26 and the rear rotating roller 71. The elasticity of the spring 27 allows the rear rotating roller 71 to automatically adjust the compaction pressure according to the soil texture. The compression of the spring 27 increases in hard soil and decreases in soft soil, ensuring the compaction effect while avoiding over-compaction.

[0054] A portion of the fertilizer box 41 is located above the seed box 51, and the rear end of the fertilizer box 41 is connected to the suspension frame 2 via several columns 25. A crushing bracket 23 is fixedly connected to the front end of the tractor 1. A transversely arranged transmission box 8 is mounted on the crushing bracket 23. The transmission box 8 contains a transmission mechanism. Crushing shafts 81 are vertically arranged at both ends of the transmission box 8, and the crushing shafts 81 are connected to the transmission mechanism. A cutter disc 82 is horizontally arranged at the bottom end of the crushing shaft 81, and several crushing blades 83 are arranged in a ring on the radial outer circumference of the cutter disc 82. The transmission mechanism is connected to the power system of the tractor 1. The crushing shaft 81 rotates at high speed, driving the crushing blades 83 on the cutter disc 82 to quickly cut the straw in the field. A portion of the fertilizer box 41 is located above the seed box 51, and the rear end of the fertilizer box 41 is connected to the suspension frame 2 via two support columns 210.

[0055] A crushing bracket 23 is fixedly connected to the front end of the tractor 1. A horizontally arranged transmission box 8 is installed on the crushing bracket 23. A transmission mechanism is provided inside the transmission box 8. Crushing shafts 81 are vertically arranged at both ends of the transmission box 8. The crushing shafts 81 are connected to the transmission mechanism. A cutter disc 82 is horizontally arranged at the bottom end of the crushing shaft 81. Several crushing blades 83 are arranged in a ring on the radial outer circumference surface of the cutter disc 82. The transmission mechanism is connected to the power system of the tractor 1.

[0056] Example 3. (As shown) Figure 11-13 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that: the right end of the first rotating rod 42 is connected to a first reducer 46, and the drive wheel 36 is connected to the power input wheel 47 of the first reducer via a first transmission belt 48; the right end of the second rotating rod 52 is connected to a second reducer 59, and the drive wheel 36 is connected to the power input wheel 510 of the second reducer via a second transmission belt 511. Each of the two inclined plates 22 has a support 23 at its rear end, and the top of each support 23 is connected to a longitudinal scraper 24. A gap is provided between the bottom surface of the longitudinal scraper 24 and the top of each compaction ring 72. The longitudinal scraper 24 can scrape away the soil adhering to the surface of the compaction ring 72, preventing soil accumulation from affecting the compaction effect.

Claims

1. A sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting integrated machine, characterized in that: This includes the suspension frame installed at the rear of the tractor, and the rotary tillage mechanism, fertilization mechanism, seeding mechanism, soil covering mechanism, and compaction mechanism mounted on the suspension frame; The rotary tillage mechanism includes a front shaft connected to the lower front end of the suspension frame by a longitudinal bearing. The middle of the front shaft is connected to the gearbox, and the gearbox is connected to the tractor's power system via a universal joint. Several blades are provided on the radial outer circumference of the front shaft. The fertilization mechanism includes several fertilizer guide channels, with the bottom end of each guide channel located directly above the front shaft. The seeding mechanism includes several seed drop tubes. The bottom end of each seed drop tube has a backward-curved section, with a moldboard at the front end and a seed outlet at the rear end. The bottom end of each moldboard... The central axis is located behind and below the front rotating shaft; the driving mechanisms of the fertilization mechanism and the sowing mechanism are connected to the front rotating shaft; the soil covering mechanism includes soil covering plates, the same number as the plowshares, set on the bottom surface of the suspension frame, with a soil covering plate located directly behind each plowshare, and the horizontal cross-section of each soil covering plate is a forward-opening "V" shape; the compaction mechanism includes a rear rotating roller, which is longitudinally hinged to the bottom surface of the rear end of the suspension frame, with a compaction ring, the same number as the plowshares, coaxially connected to the rear rotating roller, and a compaction ring located directly behind each soil covering plate.

2. The integrated sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer box that is longitudinally positioned above the rotary tillage mechanism and a first rotating rod that is longitudinally positioned below the fertilizer box. Several fertilizer discharge funnels are arranged longitudinally at the bottom of the fertilizer box. Fertilizer discharge gears are installed longitudinally at equal intervals on the first rotating rod. Each fertilizer discharge gear closes the outlet of the nearest fertilizer discharge funnel. A fertilizer guide groove perpendicular to the first rotating rod is provided below each fertilizer discharge gear. The sowing mechanism includes a seed box arranged longitudinally behind the fertilizer box and a second rotating rod arranged longitudinally below the seed box; several seed dispensing funnels are arranged longitudinally at the bottom of the seed box, and seed dispensing gears are installed longitudinally at equal intervals on the second rotating rod; a seed dropping tube perpendicular to the second rotating rod is provided below each seed dispensing gear; each seed dispensing gear closes the outlet of the nearest seed dispensing funnel and the inlet of the seed dropping tube. The front rotating shaft and the same end of the first rotating rod are connected by a transmission belt, and the front rotating shaft and the same end of the second rotating rod are connected by a transmission belt.

3. The integrated sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The bending angle of the backward bending section at the bottom of each seed-dropping tube is 30° to 60°; the horizontal distance between the bottom of the plowshare and the front rotating shaft is 5-10cm, and the vertical height difference is 2-5cm.

4. The integrated machine for sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The left and right sides of the suspension frame are each hinged to an inclined plate via a first horizontal hinge shaft. The two ends of the rear roller are respectively hinged to the lower ends of the two inclined plates, and the central axes of the two first horizontal hinge shafts are on the same straight line.

5. The integrated sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the two inclined plates has a support at its rear end, and the top of each support is connected to the longitudinal scraper. There is a gap between the bottom surface of the longitudinal scraper and the top of each compaction ring.

6. The integrated machine for sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the front and rear compaction rings on the rear roller is hinged with a column. The left and right ends of the rear end of the suspension frame are each provided with a column insertion hole. Each column is inserted into the nearest column insertion hole. Each column is fitted with a spring with an inner diameter larger than the column insertion hole. The spring is located between the column insertion hole and the rear roller.

7. The integrated machine for sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the gearbox is connected to a soil-feeding plow; a crushing bracket is fixedly connected to the front of the tractor, and a horizontally arranged transmission box is installed on the crushing bracket. The transmission box contains a transmission mechanism, and crushing shafts are vertically arranged at both ends of the transmission box. The crushing shafts are connected to the transmission mechanism, and a cutter disc is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the crushing shaft. Several crushing blades are arranged in a ring on the radial outer circumference of the cutter disc; the transmission mechanism is connected to the tractor's power system.

8. The integrated machine for sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A drive wheel is coaxially mounted on the left end of the front axle; The left end of the first rotating rod is connected to a first reducer, and the driving wheel is connected to the power input wheel of the first reducer via a first transmission belt. The left end of the second rotating rod is connected to a second reducer, and the driving wheel is connected to the power input wheel of the second reducer via a second transmission belt. or, The right end of the first rotating rod is connected to a first reducer, and the driving wheel is connected to the power input wheel of the first reducer via a first transmission belt. The right end of the second rotating rod is connected to a second reducer, and the driving wheel is connected to the power input wheel of the second reducer via a second transmission belt.

9. The integrated machine for sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The suspension frame is equipped with two tensioning pulleys, each of which is mounted on the suspension frame via an adjusting bracket. The first and second transmission belts are each connected to a tensioning pulley.

10. The integrated machine for sowing, fertilizing, covering, and compacting soil as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Part of the fertilizer box is located above the seed box, and the rear end of the fertilizer box is connected to the hanging frame via several support columns.

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