Apparatus and method for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water over a wide range of supply voltages

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and discloses a device and method for hydrogen production by water electrolysis in a wide power voltage range, which comprises a wind-solar power generation device, a super capacitor, an inverter voltage stabilizer, a current monitor, a controller, an electrolytic cell and auxiliary equipment, the current output end of the inverter voltage stabilizer is connected with the current monitor and the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell comprises an electrolytic cell body, a suspension frame and a lifting platform, the electrolytic cell body comprises an electrolytic cell water tank, an electrolyte, a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, a plurality of electrolytic chambers are arranged in the electrolytic cell water tank, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are arranged opposite to each other in the electrolytic cell water tank, the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are immersed in the electrolyte, and a communication hole is arranged between each electrolytic chamber, the electrolytic cell body of the present application adopts a multi-electrolytic chamber series distribution structure, and is designed in cooperation with the communication hole, so that the electrolyte uniformly flows between the electrolytic chambers, and the stability and reliability of hydrogen production by water electrolysis are maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water electrolysis for hydrogen production technology, and more specifically, to an apparatus and method for water electrolysis for hydrogen production with a wide power supply voltage range. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen production through water electrolysis utilizes renewable energy sources (wind power, photovoltaics, etc.), achieving zero carbon emissions throughout its entire lifecycle. Furthermore, water electrolysis yields hydrogen with high purity. However, wind and solar resources are characterized by fluctuations and randomness. The voltage generated by wind and solar power equipment is unstable, causing variations in the operating power of the electrolyzer under different voltage conditions. If a high-power electrolyzer is broken down into several smaller electrolyzers connected in series and parallel, the power variation will lead to changes in the current density within the electrolyzer. This causes process parameters such as electrolyte conductivity, temperature, and pressure to deviate from normal ranges, resulting in insufficient hydrogen production efficiency. Moreover, differences in hydrogen concentration within the electrolyzer can trigger an explosion.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design an apparatus and method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a wide power supply voltage range to solve the problems existing in the current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes an apparatus and method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range, aiming to solve the problems of insufficient hydrogen production efficiency caused by changes in the current density of the electrolyzer due to power variations, and the large size and dense piping of equipment for switching between series and parallel electrolyzers, which cannot meet the needs of the industry.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range, characterized in that it comprises: The system includes a wind and solar power generation device, a supercapacitor, an inverter voltage regulator and rectifier, a current monitor, a controller, an electrolytic cell, and auxiliary equipment. The current output terminal of the wind and solar power generation device is connected to the current input terminal of the supercapacitor. The current output terminal of the supercapacitor is connected to the current input terminal of the inverter voltage regulator and rectifier. The current output terminal of the inverter voltage regulator and rectifier is connected to the current monitor and the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell is connected to the auxiliary equipment. The controller is electrically connected to the current monitor. The electrolytic cell includes an electrolytic cell body, a suspension frame, and a lifting platform. The suspension frame fixes the electrolytic cell body, and the bottom of the electrolytic cell body is connected to the lifting platform. The electrolytic cell body includes an electrolytic cell tank, an electrolyte, a positive electrode plate, and a negative electrode plate. Several electrolytic chambers are arranged inside the electrolytic cell tank, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are arranged facing each other inside the electrolytic cell tank. The electrolyte is placed in the electrolytic cell tank, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are immersed in the electrolyte. A connecting hole is provided between each electrolytic chamber. The electrolyte is pure water. The auxiliary equipment includes a hydrogen-liquid separator and an oxygen-liquid separator. The outlet of the positive electrode plate is connected to the oxygen-liquid separator, and the outlet of the negative electrode plate is connected to the hydrogen-liquid separator.

[0006] Furthermore, a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the bottom of the lifting platform. The hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the lifting platform and change the depth at which the positive and negative electrode plates are immersed in the electrolyte. A height measuring mechanism is set at the center of the bottom of the lifting platform.

[0007] Furthermore, the height of the electrolyte is 3 / 4 of the height of the electrolytic cell.

[0008] Furthermore, the device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a wide power supply voltage range also includes a circulating pump and a heat accumulator. The electrolytic cell is connected to one end of the circulating pump, the other end of the circulating pump away from the electrolytic cell is connected to one end of the heat accumulator, and the other end of the heat accumulator away from the circulating pump is connected to the electrolytic cell.

[0009] Furthermore, the inlet of the electrolytic cell is connected to a water supply device, which is used to supply pure water to the electrolytic cell.

[0010] Furthermore, the outlet of the hydrogen-liquid separator is connected to one end of the purification device, the other end of the purification device away from the hydrogen-liquid separator is connected to one end of the drying device, and the other end of the drying device away from the purification device is connected to the gas storage tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: Through the synergistic effect of supercapacitors and inverter voltage regulators, intermittent fluctuations in wind and solar power can be buffered, providing a stable power input to the electrolyzer and avoiding sudden power surges caused by voltage instability. The electrolyzer body adopts a multi-cell series distribution structure with interconnecting holes, ensuring uniform flow of the electrolyte between the cells. This maintains process parameters such as electrolyte conductivity, temperature, and pressure within a stable range, preventing hydrogen production efficiency losses due to current density fluctuations. The linkage between the lifting platform and the hydraulic cylinder allows for flexible adjustment of the immersion depth of the positive and negative plates in the electrolyte. Combined with closed-loop control by the controller and current monitor, the wide-voltage-range water electrolysis hydrogen production device can dynamically adapt to the electrolyzer's operating state based on the input voltage, further optimizing the current density distribution and thus improving hydrogen production efficiency. Hydrogen-liquid separators and oxygen-liquid separators can efficiently separate the gas and liquid phases, improving the purity of produced hydrogen. At the same time, gas-liquid separation and concentration control avoid the risk of explosion caused by differences in hydrogen concentration within the electrolyzer, ensuring the operational safety of the device. This achieves the coupling of renewable energy with water electrolysis for hydrogen production and maintains the stability and reliability of water electrolysis for hydrogen production within a wide voltage range, thus adapting to the voltage fluctuation characteristics of wind and solar power generation equipment.

[0013] On the other hand, this application also provides a method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water over a wide power supply voltage range, and an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water over a wide power supply voltage range, comprising: The energy of the wind and solar power generation equipment is obtained, the current generated by the wind and solar power generation equipment is processed, and the regulated input current is determined. The amount of hydrogen is determined by electrolyzing the electrolyte in the water tank of the electrolytic cell based on the regulated input current. Adjust the height of the lifting platform and obtain the regulated input current entering the electrolytic cell according to the current monitor. Based on the regulated input current entering the electrolytic cell and the adjusted height, maintain the electrolysis power. Waste heat from electrolysis is transferred between the accumulator and the electrolytic cell, and the temperature of the electrolytic cell is maintained.

[0014] Furthermore, in processing the current generated by the wind and solar power generation equipment to determine the regulated input current, the process includes: The surge current of the wind and solar power generation equipment is output and absorbed by a supercapacitor to determine the initial input current. The initial input current is received by an inverter voltage regulator and rectifier, and the DC power is converted into AC power. The AC power is then converted into constant voltage DC power by the inverter voltage regulator and rectifier. Based on the monitoring of the constant voltage DC current by the current monitor, the current data is determined and sent to the controller; The controller adjusts the current entering the water tank of the electrolytic cell based on the current data, and determines the regulated input current based on the adjustment result.

[0015] Furthermore, when the output power of the wind and solar power generation equipment is less than or equal to the minimum hydrogen production operating power, the electrolyzer is shut down.

[0016] It is understandable that the above-mentioned device and method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a wide power supply voltage range have the same beneficial effects, and will not be elaborated further here. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a wide power supply voltage range, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrolytic cell and its auxiliary equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrolytic cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The components include: 1. Wind and solar power generation equipment; 2. Supercapacitor; 3. Inverter, voltage regulator, and rectifier; 4. Current monitor; 5. Controller; 101. Water replenishment device; 102. Electrolyte; 103. Hydrogen-liquid separator; 104. Oxygen-liquid separator; 105. Purification device; 106. Drying device; 107. Gas storage tank; 201. Electrolysis chamber; 202. Positive electrode plate; 203. Negative electrode plate; 204. Electrolyte; 205. Connecting hole; 206. Electrolyte water tank; 207. Lifting platform; 208. Hydraulic cylinder; 209. Suspension frame; 210. Height measuring mechanism; 301. Circulation pump; 302. Heat storage device. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] See Figure 1-3 As shown in some embodiments of this application, an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range includes: The system includes a wind and solar power generation device 1, a supercapacitor 2, an inverter voltage regulator and rectifier 3, a current monitor 4, a controller 5, an electrolytic cell 102, and auxiliary equipment. The current output terminal of the wind and solar power generation device 1 is connected to the current input terminal of the supercapacitor 2. The current output terminal of the supercapacitor 2 is connected to the current input terminal of the inverter voltage regulator and rectifier 3. The current output terminal of the inverter voltage regulator and rectifier 3 is connected to the current monitor 4 and the electrolytic cell 102. The electrolytic cell 102 is connected to the auxiliary equipment. The controller 5 is electrically connected to the current monitor 4. The electrolytic cell 102 includes an electrolytic cell body, a suspension frame 209 and a lifting platform 207. The suspension frame 209 fixes the electrolytic cell body, and the bottom of the electrolytic cell body is connected to the lifting platform 207. The electrolytic cell body includes an electrolytic cell tank 206, an electrolyte 204, a positive electrode plate 202, and a negative electrode plate 203. Several electrolytic chambers 201 are arranged inside the electrolytic cell tank 206, and the positive electrode plate 202 and the negative electrode plate 203 are arranged facing each other inside the electrolytic cell tank 206. The electrolytic cell tank 206 is filled with electrolyte 204, and the positive electrode plate 202 and the negative electrode plate 203 are immersed in electrolyte 204. A connecting hole 205 is provided between each electrolytic chamber 201. The electrolyte 204 is pure water. The auxiliary equipment includes a hydrogen-liquid separator 103 and an oxygen-liquid separator 104. The outlet of the positive electrode plate 202 is connected to the oxygen-liquid separator 104, and the outlet of the negative electrode plate 203 is connected to the hydrogen-liquid separator 103.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, a hydraulic cylinder 208 is connected to the bottom of the lifting platform 207. The hydraulic cylinder 208 is used to drive the lifting platform 207 and change the depth of the positive electrode plate 202 and the negative electrode plate 203 immersed in the electrolyte 204. A height measuring mechanism 210 is provided at the center of the bottom of the lifting platform 207.

[0024] In some embodiments of this application, the height of the electrolyte 204 is 3 / 4 of the height of the electrolytic cell 102.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, the apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a wide power supply voltage range further includes a circulating pump 301 and a heat storage device 302. The electrolyzer 102 is connected to one end of the circulating pump 301, the other end of the circulating pump 301 away from the electrolyzer 102 is connected to one end of the heat storage device 302, and the end of the heat storage device 302 away from the circulating pump 301 is connected to the electrolyzer 102.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, the inlet of the electrolytic cell 102 is connected to a water supply device 101, which is used to supply pure water to the electrolytic cell 102.

[0027] In some embodiments of this application, the outlet of the hydrogen-liquid separator 103 is connected to one end of the purification device 105, the other end of the purification device 105 away from the hydrogen-liquid separator 103 is connected to one end of the drying device 106, and the other end of the drying device 106 away from the purification device 105 is connected to the gas storage tank 107.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the controller 5 is electrically connected to the hydraulic cylinder 208.

[0029] Specifically, the current output terminal of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 is connected to the current input terminal of the supercapacitor 2, the current output terminal of the supercapacitor 2 is connected to the current input terminal of the inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3, and the current output terminal of the inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3 is connected to the current monitor 4 and the electrolytic cell 102. The supercapacitor 2 absorbs the surge current output by the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 and is used to stabilize the voltage and avoid instantaneous fluctuations. The inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3 first converts the DC power into AC power, and then after voltage regulation and rectification, outputs DC power with a constant voltage. The current monitor 4 obtains the real-time current data of the inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3 and sends it to the controller 5. According to the law of conservation of energy, the power generation of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 is equal to the output power of the inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3. According to the power formula P=U*I, the voltage U remains constant after voltage regulation, and the current I changes proportionally to the change in power P. For example, if the output power of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 changes by a% due to changes in wind and sunlight, then: P*a%=U*I*a%. Therefore, the current data obtained by the current monitor 4 can monitor the changes in the output power of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 in real time. The water replenishment device 101 is connected to the electrolytic cell 102 to replenish the pure water consumed by the electrolytic cell 102 during the electrolysis process, that is, the electrolyte 204. The initial height of the electrolyte 204 is 3 / 4 of the height of the electrolytic cell 102. Electrolytic cell 102 is connected to hydrogen-liquid separator 103 and oxygen-liquid separator 104 respectively. The mixed vapor of hydrogen and electrolyte generated by electrolysis enters hydrogen-liquid separator 103. Hydrogen is discharged from the top of hydrogen-liquid separator 103, while the separated electrolyte flows back to electrolytic cell 102 from the bottom of hydrogen-liquid separator 103 and is circulated. Oxygen is discharged from the top of oxygen-liquid separator 104, and the separated electrolyte flows back to electrolytic cell 102 from the bottom of oxygen-liquid separator 104 and is circulated. Water replenishment device 101 is connected to electrolytic cell 102. During the electrolysis process, pure water is consumed in electrolytic cell 102. Water replenishment device 101 supplies pure water to electrolytic cell 102 to replenish the consumed pure water. The top of the hydrogen-liquid separator 103 is connected to one end of the purification device 105, allowing the hydrogen from the hydrogen-liquid separator 103 to enter the purification device 105. The hydrogen undergoes deoxygenation and purification in the purification device 105. The other end of the purification device 105 is connected to the drying device 106, which dehydrates and dries the purified hydrogen. The drying device 106 is connected to the gas storage tank 107, where the dry and pure hydrogen produced after electrolysis is stored.The suspension bracket 209 is responsible for fixing the electrolytic cell body. Multiple electrolytic chambers 201 are arranged inside the electrolytic cell 102. There are positive electrode plates 202 and negative electrode plates 203 facing each other on the left and right sides of the electrolytic chamber 201. The positive electrode plates 202 and negative electrode plates 203 are immersed in electrolyte 204 at a certain height. A stable DC voltage forms a current in the electrolyte 204 through the positive electrode plates 202 and negative electrode plates 203. A connecting hole 205 is provided at the bottom of the electrolytic chamber 201. The electrolyte 204 inside the electrolytic cell water tank 206 enters the electrolytic chamber 201 through the connecting hole 205, so that the positive electrode plates 202 and negative electrode plates 203 are immersed in the electrolyte 204. The depth of the electrolyte 204 determines the effective electrolysis area of ​​the positive electrode plates 202 and negative electrode plates 203. The electrolytic cell water tank 206 is placed on the lifting platform 207. The hydraulic cylinder 208 drives the lifting platform 207, causing the electrolytic cell water tank 206 to move up and down. This movement of the water tank 206 changes the depth to which the positive electrode plate 202 and negative electrode plate 203 are immersed in the electrolyte 204, resulting in a change in the effective electrolytic area of ​​the positive electrode plate 202 and negative electrode plate 203. Assuming the rated conductivity of the electrolytic cell 102 is ρ, the depth of the electrolyte 204 is H, the width of the positive electrode plate 202 and negative electrode plate 203 is L, the distance between the electrodes is d, and the resistance of the electrolyte is R, the formula is used: Given I=U / R, the current in electrolytic cell 102 is... , L, ρ, and d are fixed values. Therefore, the depth H of the electrolyte 204 and the current I of the electrolytic cell 102 are in a direct proportional relationship. Assuming that the wind-solar power generation device 1 generates electricity at full load with an output power of P0, according to the law of energy conservation, the output power of the inverter voltage stabilizer rectifier 3 is also P0. The output voltage of the inverter voltage stabilizer rectifier 3 is U0, and the full-load current is I0, then P0 = U0 * I0. The power consumption of the electrolytic cell 102 accounts for the vast majority of the entire hydrogen production device. Assuming that the full-load power consumption of the electrolytic cell 102 is approximately equal to the output power of the inverter voltage stabilizer rectifier 3, the voltage of the electrolytic cell 102 is U0, and its full-load current is also I0. When the electrolytic cell 102 operates at full load, the depth of the electrolyte 204 is H0, and the full-load current I0 is evenly distributed in the electrolyte 204 at this depth. Due to weather reasons, the output voltage of the wind-solar power generation device 1 decreases and it cannot generate electricity at full load, with a low-load output power of P1. According to the law of energy conservation, the output power of the voltage stabilization unit is also P1, the output voltage remains U0 unchanged, and the low-load current is I1, then P1 = U0 * I1. Since P1 < P0, so I1 < I0. If the depth of the electrolyte 204 remains at H0 in the full-load state unchanged, the low-load current I1 is evenly distributed in the electrolyte 204 at the depth of H0. Because I1 < I0, it will cause the current density of the electrolytic cell 102 to become smaller, resulting in process parameters such as the conductivity coefficient, temperature, and pressure of the electrolyte 204 deviating from the rated values, leading to a lower hydrogen production efficiency and at the same time presenting potential safety hazards. If the rated current density of the electrolytic cell 102 is to be maintained, the controller 5 then obtains the current I1 from the current monitor 4 and drives the lifting platform 207 through the hydraulic cylinder 208 to move the electrolytic cell water tank 206 downward, and coordinates with the height measuring mechanism 210 to make the depth of the electrolyte 204 in the electrolytic cell 102 become H1, and satisfy , which can satisfy maintaining the current density per unit area of the electrolytic cell 102 unchanged, making process parameters such as the conductivity coefficient, temperature, and pressure of the electrolyte 204 stable at the rated values. In order to enable the electrolytic cell 102 to have a constant working temperature, heat management needs to be carried out on the electrolytic cell 102. When the electrolytic cell 102 operates at a relatively high power state and the heat generation exceeds the heat dissipated by itself, the waste heat is transferred to the heat accumulator 302 through the circulation pump 301 for recovery and storage. When the electrolytic cell 102 operates at a relatively low power state and the heat generation is less than the heat dissipated by itself, the waste heat is released from the heat accumulator 302 to heat the electrolytic cell 102 for insulation.

[0030] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the synergistic effect of the supercapacitor and the inverter voltage regulator, intermittent fluctuations in wind and solar power can be buffered, providing a stable power input to the electrolyzer and avoiding sudden power surges caused by voltage instability. The electrolyzer body adopts a multi-cell series distribution structure with connecting holes, ensuring uniform flow of the electrolyte between the cells. This maintains process parameters such as electrolyte conductivity, temperature, and pressure within a stable range, preventing hydrogen production efficiency losses due to current density fluctuations. The linkage between the lifting platform and the hydraulic cylinder allows for flexible adjustment of the immersion depth of the positive and negative electrode plates in the electrolyte. Combined with closed-loop control by the controller and current monitor, the wide-voltage-range water electrolysis hydrogen production device can dynamically adapt to the electrolyzer's operating state based on the input voltage, further optimizing the current density distribution and thus improving hydrogen production efficiency. Hydrogen-liquid separators and oxygen-liquid separators can efficiently separate the gas and liquid phases, improving the purity of produced hydrogen. At the same time, gas-liquid separation and concentration control avoid the risk of explosion caused by differences in hydrogen concentration within the electrolyzer, ensuring the operational safety of the device. This achieves the coupling of renewable energy with water electrolysis for hydrogen production and maintains the stability and reliability of water electrolysis for hydrogen production within a wide voltage range, thus adapting to the voltage fluctuation characteristics of wind and solar power generation equipment.

[0031] In another preferred embodiment based on the above embodiments, see [reference] Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range, and an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range, comprising: S100: Acquires energy from wind and solar power generation equipment, processes the current generated by the wind and solar power generation equipment, and determines the regulated input current.

[0032] S200: Electrolyzes the electrolyte in the water tank of the electrolytic cell based on the regulated input current to determine the amount of hydrogen; S300: Adjusts the height of the lifting platform and obtains the regulated input current entering the electrolytic cell according to the current monitor, and maintains the electrolysis power based on the regulated input current entering the electrolytic cell and the adjusted height. S400: Transfers waste heat from electrolysis between the accumulator and the electrolytic cell, and maintains the temperature of the electrolytic cell.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, when processing the current generated by the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 to determine the regulated input current, the process includes: outputting the surge current of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 and absorbing the surge current through the supercapacitor 2 to determine the initial input current; receiving the initial input current based on the inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3 and inverting the DC power to AC power; converting the AC power to constant voltage DC power based on the inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3; monitoring the constant voltage DC power based on the current monitor 4 to determine the current data; sending the current data to the controller 5; adjusting the current entering the water tank 206 of the electrolytic cell based on the current data; and determining the regulated input current based on the adjustment result.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, when the output power of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 is less than or equal to the minimum hydrogen production operating power, the electrolyzer 102 is shut down.

[0035] Specifically, the energy generated by the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 is used to process the current generated by the supercapacitor 2 and the inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3, stabilizing the current entering the electrolytic cell 102 and thus determining the regulated input current. The electrolytic cell 102 receives this regulated input current and begins electrolyzing the pure water within it to produce hydrogen. During electrolysis, the amount of pure water in the electrolytic cell 102 gradually decreases, and the electrolysis power changes due to the reduction of the electrolyte 204, the adhesion of bubbles to the electrode surface, and temperature variations. When the temperature changes, the hydraulic cylinder 208 drives the lifting platform 207 to change the depth of the electrode inserted into the electrolyte 204. At the same time, the current monitor 4 monitors the current entering the electrolytic cell 102 and adjusts it synchronously to maintain the electrolytic power of the positive and negative electrodes in the electrolytic cell 102. In addition, temperature changes will occur during the electrolysis process. In particular, the electrolytic cell 102 needs to maintain a large power and operate for a long time. The heat generated will exceed the heat dissipation. At this time, the circulating pump 301 is used to transfer the residual heat between the heat accumulator 302 and the electrolytic cell 102, thereby stabilizing the temperature of the electrolytic cell 102. When relying on wind and solar power generation equipment 1, the energy conversion of wind and solar power generation equipment 1 will generate surge current and output it. Supercapacitor 2 is responsible for absorbing the output surge current and stabilizing the voltage to avoid instantaneous fluctuations. Inverter voltage regulator rectifier 3 receives the current processed by supercapacitor 2 and inverts the DC power into AC power. After voltage stabilization and rectification, the AC power is converted back into DC power to output constant voltage DC power. Current monitor 4 is responsible for monitoring the constant voltage DC power to obtain real-time current data and sending the real-time current data to controller 5. Controller 5 adjusts the current entering electrolytic cell 102 according to the obtained current data, that is, drives the lifting platform 207 to move the water tank 206 of the electrolytic cell up and down, thereby maintaining the stability of the current for electrolysis of pure water in electrolytic cell 102. When the output power of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 is less than or equal to the minimum hydrogen production working power, the output power of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 is insufficient to maintain the minimum hydrogen production working power for water electrolysis. The electrolyzer 102 is temporarily shut down and will be restarted after the power supply of the wind and solar power generation equipment 1 is sufficient to maintain the minimum hydrogen production working power for water electrolysis. The minimum hydrogen production working power can be determined based on the uniform current obtained by each electrolysis chamber 201. If some electrolysis chambers experience uneven current distribution, the reaction may stagnate, leading to an imbalance in electrolyte concentration and temperature distribution, and even affecting the safety of the entire device.

[0036] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range, characterized in that, include: The system includes a wind and solar power generation device, a supercapacitor, an inverter voltage regulator and rectifier, a current monitor, a controller, an electrolytic cell, and auxiliary equipment. The current output terminal of the wind and solar power generation device is connected to the current input terminal of the supercapacitor. The current output terminal of the supercapacitor is connected to the current input terminal of the inverter voltage regulator and rectifier. The current output terminal of the inverter voltage regulator and rectifier is connected to the current monitor and the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell is connected to the auxiliary equipment. The controller is electrically connected to the current monitor. The electrolytic cell includes an electrolytic cell body, a suspension frame, and a lifting platform. The suspension frame fixes the electrolytic cell body, and the bottom of the electrolytic cell body is connected to the lifting platform. The electrolytic cell body includes an electrolytic cell tank, an electrolyte, a positive electrode plate, and a negative electrode plate. Several electrolytic chambers are arranged inside the electrolytic cell tank, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are arranged facing each other inside the electrolytic cell tank. The electrolyte is placed in the electrolytic cell tank, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are immersed in the electrolyte. A connecting hole is provided between each electrolytic chamber. The electrolyte is pure water. The auxiliary equipment includes a hydrogen-liquid separator and an oxygen-liquid separator. The outlet of the positive electrode plate is connected to the oxygen-liquid separator, and the outlet of the negative electrode plate is connected to the hydrogen-liquid separator.

2. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a wide power supply voltage range according to claim 1, wherein a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the bottom of the lifting platform, the hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the lifting platform and change the depth of the positive and negative electrode plates immersed in the electrolyte, and a height measuring mechanism is provided at the center of the bottom of the lifting platform.

3. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a wide power supply voltage range according to claim 2, characterized in that, The height of the electrolyte is 3 / 4 of the height of the electrolytic cell.

4. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water with a wide power supply voltage range according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes circulating pumps and heat accumulators; The electrolytic cell is connected to one end of the circulating pump, the other end of the circulating pump away from the electrolytic cell is connected to one end of the heat accumulator, and the other end of the heat accumulator away from the circulating pump is connected to the electrolytic cell.

5. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inlet of the electrolytic cell is connected to a water supply device, which is used to supply pure water to the electrolytic cell.

6. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outlet of the hydrogen-liquid separator is connected to one end of the purification device, the other end of the purification device away from the hydrogen-liquid separator is connected to one end of the drying device, and the other end of the drying device away from the purification device is connected to the gas storage tank.

7. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic cylinder.

8. A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range, used in the apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The energy of the wind and solar power generation equipment is obtained, the current generated by the wind and solar power generation equipment is processed, and the regulated input current is determined. The amount of hydrogen is determined by electrolyzing the electrolyte in the water tank of the electrolytic cell based on the regulated input current. Adjust the height of the lifting platform and obtain the regulated input current entering the electrolytic cell according to the current monitor. Based on the regulated input current entering the electrolytic cell and the adjusted height, maintain the electrolysis power. Waste heat from electrolysis is transferred between the accumulator and the electrolytic cell, and the temperature of the electrolytic cell is maintained.

9. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range according to claim 8, characterized in that, When processing the current generated by the wind and solar power generation equipment to determine the regulated input current, the following steps are included: The surge current of the wind and solar power generation equipment is output and absorbed by a supercapacitor to determine the initial input current. The initial input current is received by an inverter voltage regulator and rectifier, and the DC power is converted into AC power. The AC power is then converted into constant voltage DC power by the inverter voltage regulator and rectifier. Based on the monitoring of the constant voltage DC current by the current monitor, the current data is determined and sent to the controller; The controller adjusts the current entering the water tank of the electrolytic cell based on the current data, and determines the regulated input current based on the adjustment result.

10. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water over a wide power supply voltage range according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the output power of the wind and solar power generation equipment is less than or equal to the minimum hydrogen production operating power, the electrolyzer is shut down.

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