Real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on laser module

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hazardous gas monitoring in tunnels, specifically disclosing a real-time hazardous gas monitoring device based on a laser module. It solves the problems of existing laser module-based real-time hazardous gas monitoring devices having fixed optical paths, limited application, and a single air intake method. The proposed solution includes a housing, grille vents, a mounting frame, a laser chamber, a duct, an inner air duct, an outer air duct, a filter element, a mesh air distribution plate, a telescopic component, a miniature air pump, a corrugated cylinder, a mounting plate, a laser transceiver, a reflector, a drive assembly, a frame, a guide plate, a sliding frame, a guide frame, a pulling assembly, and an angle adjustment assembly. The angle adjustment assembly adjusts the angle of the guide plate when the sliding frame slides. The miniature air pump also has a distance adjustment assembly for adjusting the distance between the upper and lower guide frames of the same sliding frame. This device features adjustable optical paths, significantly improving monitoring flexibility and accuracy, good sealing, multiple selectable air intake methods, and stable operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hazardous gas monitoring in tunnels, and in particular to a real-time hazardous gas monitoring device for tunnels based on a laser module. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction and operation, harmful gases such as methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tend to accumulate. If their concentration exceeds the standard, they can easily cause serious safety accidents such as gas poisoning, explosions, and equipment damage, directly threatening personnel safety and the stable operation of the tunnel. Real-time monitoring equipment for harmful gases is typically installed in tunnels to monitor these gases in real time. With technological advancements, laser detection technology is the most widely used, specifically designed for the complex working conditions of tunnels, including high dust, high humidity, high vibration, and low light. It enables accurate, rapid, and continuous monitoring of the concentrations of these harmful gases, providing reliable data support and tiered early warning throughout the entire tunnel construction and operation cycle. This addresses the shortcomings of traditional monitoring equipment, such as insufficient accuracy, slow response, and poor anti-interference capabilities, thus contributing to the intelligent upgrading of tunnel safety management.

[0003] Traditional laser module-based real-time monitoring devices for hazardous gases in tunnels typically have a fixed laser path length. This results in poor signal quality and detection accuracy when the hazardous gas concentration is low (due to a short path) and high concentration (due to saturation absorption). Consequently, these devices have significant limitations and cannot flexibly adjust the air intake of the laser chamber, allowing for either natural diffusion or active air intake as needed. Therefore, this paper proposes a laser module-based real-time monitoring device for hazardous gases in tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on laser modules, which solves the problems of fixed optical path, limited application, and single air intake method in existing real-time monitoring devices for harmful gases based on laser modules.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows: A real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module includes a housing. Symmetrically mounted grille vents are installed on both sides of the housing. Mounting brackets are symmetrically mounted on the upper and lower inner walls of the housing. A laser chamber is connected between the upper and lower mounting brackets. Air ducts are symmetrically connected to both sides of the laser chamber. The device is characterized in that an inner air duct and an outer air duct are sequentially connected to the far ends of the air ducts on both sides. Filter elements are fitted onto the inner walls of both sides of the housing at the locations corresponding to the grille vents, and the filter elements are fitted onto one end of the outer air duct. A perforated air distribution plate is fitted inside the air duct. Multiple telescopic components are installed on the far inner walls of the far sides of the outer air ducts on both sides, and a miniature air pump is installed through these telescopic components. Corrugated cylinders are fitted onto both the upper and lower ends of the laser chamber, and mounting plates are connected to the far ends of the upper and lower corrugated cylinders. The upper and lower mounting plates are respectively mounted on one end of each other, housing a laser transceiver and a reflector within the laser cavity. A driving assembly is provided on the mounting frame to move the upper and lower mounting plates closer together or further apart. A frame is also provided within the laser cavity, with guide plates rotatably connected to the upper and lower sides of the frame at points corresponding to the air duct on both sides of the laser cavity. A sliding frame is also slidably mounted on the mounting frame, with guide frames slidably mounted on the sliding frame. A pulling assembly is provided on the sliding frame to pull the sliding frame as the upper and lower mounting plates move closer or further apart. An angle adjustment assembly is provided on the sliding frame to adjust the angle of the guide plates as the sliding frame slides. A distance adjustment assembly is also provided on the micro air pump to adjust the distance between the upper and lower guide frames of the same sliding frame.

[0006] Preferably, the housing is further equipped with a mounting base, a display and control screen and a signal transceiver module, and the filter element includes a nylon hydrophobic mesh, a hydrophobic sintered mesh and an ePTFE microporous hydrophobic membrane arranged from the outside to the inside of the housing.

[0007] Preferably, the mounting bracket is connected to two sides of the sliding rod bracket, the sliding frame is slidably sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod bracket, a spring sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod bracket is connected between the sliding frame and the mounting bracket, and the air duct extends radially with two sliding openings on the upper and lower sides. The sliding frame passes through the air duct through the upper and lower sliding openings and slides within the sliding openings, and is located on the side of the mesh air distribution plate away from the laser chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the sliding frame has sliding openings at both the upper and lower ends, and a sliding seat is slidably fitted in each sliding opening. The guide frame is connected to the side of the sliding seat near the mounting plate.

[0009] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a servo motor, a bidirectional lead screw, a gear ring, fan blades, a shaft, a gear I, a large pulley, a small pulley, and a belt. The servo motor is mounted on both radial sides of the upper mounting bracket along the laser cavity. The upper end of the bidirectional lead screw is fitted onto the output end of the servo motor, while the lower end is rotatably mounted on the lower mounting bracket. The upper and lower ends of the outer surface of the bidirectional lead screw have opposite thread directions. The upper and lower mounting plates are symmetrically threaded onto the upper and lower ends of the bidirectional lead screws on both sides. The gear ring is rotatably fitted onto the upper and lower inner walls of the laser cavity. The fan blade array is connected to the upper and lower gear rings on their adjacent sides. Two shafts are provided and rotatably mounted between the upper and lower mounting brackets. The two shafts are also arranged along the radial sides of the laser cavity, parallel to the bidirectional lead screw, and pass through the mounting plate, the corrugated cylinder, and the laser cavity. The gear I is fitted onto the inner surface of the shaft within the laser cavity and meshes with the gear ring. The large pulley is fitted onto the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw, and the small pulley is fitted onto the outer side of the shaft. A belt is fitted between the large pulley and the small pulley.

[0010] Preferably, the shaft is fitted with a limiting ring platform inside the laser cavity, and the frame is rotatably fitted on the outside of the shaft on both sides, and is axially limited with the limiting ring platform in the laser cavity. The mounting plates on the upper and lower sides are provided with through holes, and the mounting plates slide in a sealed manner on the outside of the shaft through the through holes.

[0011] Preferably, the pulling component includes a ramp and a lever, the ramp being fitted inside the guide frame; the lever is connected to both sides of the mounting plate and slides through the guide frame, slidingly engaging and contacting the ramp inside the guide frame.

[0012] Preferably, the angle adjustment assembly includes a rotating shaft, a second gear, a pull rod, and a double-sided gear plate. The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the upper and lower sides of the frame corresponding to the air duct on both sides of the laser chamber. The second gear is mounted on the outer side of the rotating shaft. The guide plate is connected to the side of the rotating shaft near the axial direction of the laser chamber. The pull rod is connected to the sides of the two sliding frames that are close to each other and slides through the mesh air distribution plate on each side, extending into the air duct. The double-sided gear plate is connected to the sides of the pull rods that are close to each other and is located between the upper and lower gears, and meshes with the upper and lower gears.

[0013] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes a sleeve, a base, a rod, and a bracket. The sleeve is connected to the guide frame on the side away from the mounting bracket. The base is slidably disposed inside the housing. One end of the rod is connected to the base, and the other end is slidably disposed inside the sleeve. The bracket is connected to the upper and lower sides of the micro air pump. Each bracket is rotatably connected to the base on its respective side by a rotating plate.

[0014] Preferably, the inner wall of the outer air duct is fitted with a hollow collar that fits into the surface of the micro air pump. The two ends of the micro air pump respectively engage with the collar on one side and the end of the inner air duct away from the laser chamber. The upper and lower inner walls of the housing are connected to a second sliding rod frame. The sleeve is slidably fitted on the outer side of the second sliding rod frame on one side. The upper and lower sides of the outer air duct are provided with a first sliding channel opening. The bracket extends through the first sliding channel opening to the outer side of the outer air duct.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The technical solution of this invention controls the operation of a servo motor, which drives a bidirectional lead screw to rotate, thereby causing the upper and lower mounting plates threaded onto it to move closer or further apart, thus compressing or stretching the corrugated cylinder. This adjusts the distance between the laser transceiver and the reflector, which are respectively mounted on the upper and lower mounting plates and located in the laser cavity, thereby adjusting different optical path lengths. This enables high-precision real-time monitoring of the concentration of harmful gases in the tunnel according to specific needs. At the same time, the nylon hydrophobic mesh, hydrophobic sintered mesh, and ePTFE microporous hydrophobic membrane on the filter cores installed on both sides of the shell can effectively filter dust, oil, and water vapor, ensuring the cleanliness of the gas entering the laser cavity and preventing dust, oil, and water vapor from affecting the monitoring accuracy. 2. The technical solution of this invention increases the optical path by moving the upper and lower mounting plates away from each other and stretching the corrugated cylinder. After the upper and lower mounting plates move away from each other for a certain distance, the levers connected to both sides of the mounting plates will engage with the inclined platform in the guide frame sliding on the slide frame. This causes the guide frame and slide frame to move closer to the mounting frame, thereby driving the pull rod to push the double-sided toothed plate axially towards the laser cavity. That is, it drives the double-sided toothed plates on both sides of the laser cavity to move closer to each other. During this process, the double-sided toothed plates, through meshing with gear two, will drive the upper and lower guide plates to rotate around their respective axes. The air is deflected away from each other, so that the gas introduced from the duct is stretched in the corrugated cylinder. As the depth of the laser chamber increases, the diffusion speed of the gas in the laser chamber is increased, avoiding uneven gas distribution in the laser chamber and reducing monitoring accuracy. At the same time, the operation of the servo motor can also drive the shaft to rotate through the belt between the large and small pulleys. Then, the gear installed on the shaft in the laser chamber will mesh with the gear ring, driving each fan blade to rotate in the laser chamber, further improving the diffusion speed and uniformity of the gas in the laser chamber, and improving monitoring accuracy. 3. The technical solution of this invention uses a telescopic component to move a micro air pump closer to the inner air duct, so that its two ends will respectively abut against the collar and the end face of the inner air duct. This allows the device to actively intake air through the micro air pump. Simultaneously, when the micro air pump separates from the collar and the inner air duct, the airflow will naturally diffuse into the air duct and laser cavity through the gap between the micro air pump and the collar, achieving flexible selection of the air intake method. Furthermore, when actively intake air, the micro air pump, when adjusting its contact with the collar and the inner air duct, will also drive the bracket to push the rotating plate to rotate, thereby causing the upper and lower sleeves to move closer together, simultaneously causing the guide frames at the upper and lower ends of the sliding frame to move closer together. This allows the device to... When the upper and lower mounting plates are far apart, the upper and lower guide frames and the upper and lower inclined platforms are close to each other. As a result, the lever will come into contact with the inclined platforms more quickly, causing the sliding frame to slide closer to the mounting bracket to adjust the angle of the guide plate. This allows the guide plate to be quickly adjusted to an inclined state during active air intake for rapid gas diffusion. During natural diffusion, the upper and lower guide frames and the inclined platforms are farther apart, and the lever needs to slide a longer distance to come into contact with the inclined platforms to adjust the angle of the guide plate. This makes the angle adjustment of the guide plate more sensitive and responsive during active air intake, effectively and quickly diffusing the intake gas. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, which has no filter element inside the housing and no external air duct. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the upper and lower mounting brackets and related structures on the laser cavity of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pulling component and the adjusting component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top view of the adjustable distance assembly of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component and the angle adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the relevant structures within the framework of this invention.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Housing; 2. Grille vents; 3. Mounting base; 4. Display and control screen; 5. Signal transceiver module; 6. Mounting bracket; 7. Laser chamber; 8. Air duct; 9. Inner air duct; 10. Mesh air distribution plate; 11. Filter element; 12. Nylon hydrophobic mesh; 13. Hydrophobic sintered mesh; 14. ePTFE microporous hydrophobic membrane; 15. Outer air duct; 16. Collar; 17. Telescopic component; 18. Miniature air pump; 19. Corrugated cylinder; 20. Mounting plate; 21. Servo motor; 22. Bidirectional lead screw; 23. Gear ring; 24. Fan blade; 25. Perforation; 26. Shaft; 27. Gear 1. Large pulley; 28. Small pulley; 30. Belt; 31. Limiting ring platform; 32. Frame; 33. Rotating shaft; 34. Gear II; 35. Guide plate; 36. Tie rod; 37. Double-sided toothed plate; 38. Slide rod frame I; 39. Slide frame; 40. Spring; 41. Slide opening; 42. Slide seat; 43. Guide frame; 44. Inclined platform; 45. Lever; 46. Sleeve; 47. Slide rod frame II; 48. Sleeve seat; 49. Sleeve rod; 50. Slide opening I; 51. Bracket; 52. Rotating plate; 53. Slide opening II; 54. Laser transceiver; 55. Reflector. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following will be combined with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 11 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have been clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 like Figures 1-11 As shown, this invention discloses a real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module, including a housing 1. Grille vents 2 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the housing 1. Mounting brackets 6 are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower inner walls of the housing 1. A laser chamber 7 is connected between the upper and lower mounting brackets 6. Air ducts 8 are symmetrically connected to both sides of the laser chamber 7. An inner air duct 9 and an outer air duct 15 are sequentially connected to the far ends of the air ducts 8 on both sides. Filter elements 11 are fitted onto the inner walls of both sides of the housing 1 at the locations corresponding to the grille vents 2, and the filter elements 11 are fitted onto one end of the outer air duct 15. A mesh air distribution plate 10 is fitted inside the air duct 8. Multiple telescopic components 17 are installed on the far inner walls of the outer air ducts 15 on both sides, and a miniature air pump 18 is installed through the telescopic components 17. Corrugated cylinders 19 are fitted onto both the upper and lower ends of the laser chamber 7, and mounting plates 20 are connected to the far ends of the upper and lower corrugated cylinders 19. The upper and lower mounting plates 20 are respectively mounted with a laser transceiver 54 and a reflector 55 inside the laser chamber 7 at one end close to each other. A drive component is provided on the mounting bracket 6, which is used to move the upper and lower mounting plates 20 closer together or further apart. A frame 32 is also provided inside the laser chamber 7. The frame 32 is rotatably connected to the upper and lower sides of the frame 32 at the corresponding positions of the air duct 8 on both sides of the laser chamber 7. A sliding frame 39 is also slidably provided on the mounting bracket 6. A guide frame 43 is slidably provided on the sliding frame 39. A pulling component is provided on the sliding frame 39, which is used to pull the sliding frame 39 to slide when the upper and lower mounting plates 20 move closer together or further apart. An angle adjustment component is provided on the sliding frame 39, which is used to adjust the angle of the guide plate 35 when the sliding frame 39 slides. A distance adjustment component is also provided on the micro air pump 18, which is used to adjust the distance between the upper and lower guide frames 43 of the same sliding frame 39.

[0020] The housing 1 is also equipped with a mounting base 3, a display and control screen 4 and a signal transceiver module 5. The filter element 11 includes a nylon hydrophobic mesh 12, a hydrophobic sintered mesh 13 and an ePTFE microporous hydrophobic membrane 14 arranged from the outside to the inside of the housing 1.

[0021] Mounting base 3 facilitates the installation of housing 1, display and control screen 4 facilitates intelligent operation and control, signal transceiver module 5 facilitates remote signal transmission, and nylon hydrophobic mesh 12, hydrophobic sintered mesh 13, and ePTFE microporous hydrophobic membrane 14 can form a three-layer filtration protection.

[0022] The nylon hydrophobic mesh 12 can be selected in 60 mesh size to achieve rain protection, large dust, and debris protection; The hydrophobic sintered mesh 13 can be a 5µm model to intercept fine dust and oil mist particles; The ePTFE microporous hydrophobic membrane 14 can be selected in 0.3um size to isolate water mist, condensation, and dust, allowing only air to pass through.

[0023] The mounting bracket 6 is connected to two sides of a sliding rod bracket 38. A sliding frame 39 is slidably fitted on the outside of the sliding rod bracket 38. A spring 40 fitted on the outside of the sliding rod bracket 38 is connected between the sliding frame 39 and the mounting bracket 6. The air duct 8 extends radially on the upper and lower sides and has two sliding channels 53. The sliding frame 39 passes through the air duct 8 through the two sliding channels 53 on the upper and lower sides and slides within the two sliding channels 53, and is located on the side of the mesh air distribution plate 10 away from the laser chamber 7.

[0024] The sliding rod bracket 38 ensures the stability of the sliding frame 39 on the mounting bracket 6. The spring 40 can push the sliding frame 39 away from the mounting bracket 6 until it reaches the limit state without external force. The slide opening 53 facilitates the sliding of the sliding frame 39 through. As shown in the attached diagram of the instruction manual, the cross-section of the sliding frame 39 is a structure with a narrower middle section to avoid the slide opening 53 being too large and affecting the air intake in the laser chamber 7.

[0025] The slide frame 39 has a sliding opening 41 through both the upper and lower ends. A slide seat 42 is slidably fitted in each sliding opening 41. The guide frame 43 is connected to the slide seat 42 on the side near the mounting plate 20, so that the guide frame 43 can slide stably up and down on the slide frame 39.

[0026] Example 2 like Figures 1-11 As shown, the present invention discloses a real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module. Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment discloses the structure of the driving component.

[0027] The drive assembly includes a servo motor 21, a bidirectional lead screw 22, a gear ring 23, a fan blade 24, a shaft 26, a gear 27, a large pulley 28, a small pulley 29, and a belt 30. The servo motor 21 is mounted on both sides of the upper mounting bracket 6 along the radial direction of the laser chamber 7. The upper end of the bidirectional lead screw 22 is fitted onto the output end of the servo motor 21, while the lower end is rotatably mounted on the lower mounting bracket 6. The threads on the upper and lower ends of the outer surface of the bidirectional lead screw 22 have opposite directions. The upper and lower mounting plates 20 are symmetrically threaded onto the upper and lower ends of the bidirectional lead screw 22 on both sides. The gear ring 23 is rotatably fitted onto the upper and lower inner surfaces of the laser chamber 7. The wall and the array of fan blades 24 are connected to the upper and lower toothed rings 23 on the side close to each other. There are two shafts 26, which are rotatably installed between the upper and lower mounting brackets 6. The two shafts 26 are also arranged on both sides of the laser chamber 7 radially and are parallel to the bidirectional lead screw 22. They pass through the mounting plate 20, the corrugated cylinder 19 and the laser chamber 7. Gear 27 is fitted on the surface of the shaft 26 inside the laser chamber 7 and meshes with the toothed ring 23. The large pulley 28 is fitted on the outside of the bidirectional lead screw 22 and the small pulley 29 is fitted on the outside of the shaft 26. A belt 30 is fitted between the large pulley 28 and the small pulley 29.

[0028] By controlling the servo motor 21, the bidirectional lead screw 22 can be rotated, which in turn causes the mounting plates 20 with threads on the upper and lower outer ends to move closer or further apart, thereby compressing or stretching the bellows 19. This adjusts the distance between the laser transceiver 54 and the reflector 55, thus adjusting the optical path length. Furthermore, the belt 30 can drive the shaft 26 to rotate, and through the meshing of the gear 27 and the gear ring 23, it can drive each fan blade 24 to rotate within the laser chamber 7, so that the upper and lower mounting plates 20 move further apart. As the optical path length increases, the air entering the laser chamber 7 can be rapidly and evenly diffused under the rotation of the fan blades 24, ensuring detection accuracy.

[0029] Shaft 26 is fitted with a limiting ring platform 31 inside the laser chamber 7. Frame 32 is rotatably fitted on the outside of shaft 26 on both sides and is axially limited by the limiting ring platform 31 in the laser chamber 7. Through holes 25 are provided on the upper and lower mounting plates 20. The mounting plates 20 slide and seal on the outside of shaft 26 through the through holes 25, so that frame 32 can be stably positioned in the middle of laser chamber 7 and correspond to the air ducts 8 on both sides.

[0030] It can achieve high-precision real-time monitoring of the concentration of harmful gases in the tunnel according to specific needs. At the same time, through the nylon hydrophobic mesh 12, hydrophobic sintered mesh 13, and ePTFE microporous hydrophobic membrane 14 installed on both sides of the shell 1, dust, oil and water vapor can be effectively filtered to ensure the cleanliness of the gas entering the laser chamber 7 and avoid the impact of dust, oil and water vapor on the monitoring accuracy.

[0031] Example 3 like Figures 1-11 As shown, this invention discloses a real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module. Compared with Embodiment 2, this embodiment discloses the structure of the pulling component.

[0032] The pulling assembly includes a ramp 44 and a lever 45. The ramp 44 is fitted inside the guide frame 43. The lever 45 is connected to both sides of the mounting plate 20 and slides through the guide frame 43, slidingly engaging and contacting the ramp 44 inside the guide frame 43.

[0033] When the upper and lower mounting plates 20 are moved away from each other, the lever 45 will slide synchronously. After the upper and lower levers 45 slide away from each other within the guide frame 43, they will come into contact with the inclined platform 44, thereby driving the guide frame 43 to move the sliding frame 39 closer to the mounting bracket 6.

[0034] Example 4 like Figures 1-11 As shown, this invention discloses a real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module. Compared with Embodiment 3, this embodiment discloses the structure of the angle adjustment component.

[0035] The angle adjustment assembly includes a rotating shaft 33, a second gear 34, a pull rod 36, and a double-sided toothed plate 37. The rotating shaft 33 is rotatably mounted on the upper and lower sides of the frame 32 on both sides of the laser chamber 7, corresponding to the air duct 8. The second gear 34 is mounted on the outside of the rotating shaft 33. The guide plate 35 is connected to the side of the rotating shaft 33 near the axial direction of the laser chamber 7. The pull rod 36 is connected to the sides of the two sliding frames 39 that are close to each other and seals the mesh air distribution plate 10 that slides through each side, extending into the air duct 8. The double-sided toothed plate 37 is connected to the sides of the pull rod 36 that are close to each other and is located between the upper and lower gears 34, and meshes with the upper and lower gears 34.

[0036] When the guide frame 43 and slide frame 39 slide close to the mounting bracket 6, the pull rod 36 can drive the double-sided toothed plate 37 to move axially towards the laser chamber 7, that is, drive the double-sided toothed plates 37 on both sides of the laser chamber 7 to move closer to each other. During the process, the double-sided toothed plate 37 will drive the upper and lower guide plates 35 to deflect away from each other around the axis 33 of their respective rotation, so that the gas introduced from the air duct 8 is stretched in the corrugated cylinder 19. When the depth of the laser chamber 7 increases, the diffusion speed of the gas in the laser chamber 7 is increased, avoiding uneven gas distribution in the laser chamber 7 and reducing monitoring accuracy. At the same time, the operation of the servo motor 21 can also drive the shaft 26 to rotate through the belt 30 between the large pulley 28 and the small pulley 29. Then, the gear 27 fitted in the shaft 26 in the laser chamber 7 will mesh with the toothed ring 23, driving each fan blade 24 to rotate in the laser chamber 7, further improving the diffusion speed and uniformity of the gas in the laser chamber 7, and improving monitoring accuracy. Furthermore, the main diffusion function of the guide vane 35 and the fan blades 24 only diffuses the gas that enters synchronously during the process of adjusting the optical path, that is, adjusting the distance between the upper and lower mounting plates 20.

[0037] Example 5 like Figures 1-11 Figures 1-11 As shown, this invention discloses a real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module. Compared with Embodiment 4, this embodiment discloses the structure of the distance adjustment component.

[0038] The adjustable distance assembly includes a sleeve 46, a base 48, a rod 49, and a bracket 51. The sleeve 46 is connected to the guide frame 43 on the side away from the mounting bracket 6. The base 48 is slidably disposed in the housing 1. One end of the rod 49 is connected to the base 48, and the other end is slidably disposed in the sleeve 46. The bracket 51 is connected to the upper and lower sides of the micro air pump 18. Each bracket 51 is rotatably connected to the base 48 on its respective side by a rotating plate 52.

[0039] By sliding the sleeve 49 and the sleeve 46 together, the sleeve 48 can drive the guide frame 43 to slide up and down on the slide frame 39, while not affecting the guide frame 43 to slide close to the mounting bracket 6 along with the slide frame 39.

[0040] The inner wall of the outer air duct 15 is fitted with a hollow collar 16 that is in contact with the surface of the micro air pump 18. The two ends of the micro air pump 18 respectively engage with the collar 16 on one side and the end of the inner air duct 9 away from the laser chamber 7. The upper and lower inner walls of the housing 1 are connected to a slide rod bracket 47 and a sleeve 48 which are slidably fitted on the outside of the slide rod bracket 47 on one side. The upper and lower sides of the outer air duct 15 are provided with slide openings 50. The bracket 51 extends through the slide openings 50 to the outside of the outer air duct 15.

[0041] The telescopic component 17 moves the micro air pump 18 closer to the inner air duct 9, causing its two ends to contact the collar 16 and the end face of the inner air duct 9 respectively. This allows the device to actively intake air through the micro air pump 18. Simultaneously, when the micro air pump 18 separates from the collar 16 and the inner air duct 9, the airflow will naturally diffuse into the air duct 8 and the laser chamber 7 through the gap between the micro air pump 18 and the collar 16, achieving flexible selection of the air intake method. Furthermore, during active air intake, when the micro air pump 18 adjusts to contact the collar 16 and the inner air duct 9, it will also drive the bracket 51 to push the rotating plate 52 to rotate, thereby causing the upper and lower sleeves 48 to move closer together. This simultaneously causes the guide frames 43 at the upper and lower ends of the sliding frame 39 to move closer together, thus allowing the upper... When the lower mounting plates 20 are far apart, the upper and lower guide frames 43 and the upper and lower inclined platforms 44 are close to each other. As a result, the lever 45 will come into contact with the inclined platform 44 more quickly, causing the sliding frame 39 to slide closer to the mounting bracket 6 to adjust the angle of the guide plate 35. This allows the guide plate 35 to be quickly adjusted to an inclined state during active air intake to facilitate rapid gas diffusion. During natural diffusion, the upper and lower guide frames 43 are farther apart, and the inclined platform 44 is also farther apart. The lever 45 needs to slide a longer distance to come into contact with the inclined platform 44 to adjust the angle of the guide plate 35. This makes the angle adjustment of the guide plate 35 more sensitive and more responsive during active air intake, effectively and quickly diffusing the intake gas.

[0042] Based on the disclosure and teachings of the foregoing specification, those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of explanation and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in a tunnel based on a laser module, comprising a housing (1), with symmetrically installed grid ventilation holes (2) on both sides of the housing (1), and symmetrically installed mounting brackets (6) on the upper and lower inner walls of the housing (1), with a laser chamber (7) connected between the upper and lower mounting brackets (6), and ventilation ducts (8) symmetrically connected to both sides of the laser chamber (7), characterized in that, The air ducts (8) on both sides are connected in sequence to an inner air duct (9) and an outer air duct (15) at their far ends. A filter element (11) is fitted on the inner wall of both sides of the housing (1) at the corresponding grid air hole (2), and the filter element (11) is fitted to one end of the outer air duct (15). A mesh air distribution plate (10) is fitted inside the air duct (8). Multiple telescopic parts (17) are installed on the inner wall of the far sides of the outer air ducts (15) on both sides, and a miniature air pump (18) is installed through the telescopic parts (17). Corrugated cylinders (19) are fitted on both the upper and lower ends of the laser chamber (7), and mounting plates (20) are connected to the far ends of the upper and lower corrugated cylinders (19). The upper and lower mounting plates (20) are respectively mounted with a laser transceiver (54) and a reflector (55) inside the laser chamber (7) at one end close to each other. The mounting frame (6) is equipped with a driving component, which is used to move the upper and lower mounting plates (20) closer to each other or further apart. The laser chamber (7) is also equipped with a frame (32), and the frame (32) is rotatably connected to guide plates (35) on the upper and lower sides of the laser chamber (7) at the corresponding positions of the air duct (8). The mounting frame (6) is also slidably equipped with a sliding frame (39). A guide frame (43) is slidably provided on the sliding frame (39). A pulling component is provided on the sliding frame (39). The pulling component is used to pull the sliding frame (39) to slide when the upper and lower mounting plates (20) move closer or further apart. An angle adjustment component is provided on the sliding frame (39). The angle adjustment component is used to adjust the angle of the guide plate (35) when the sliding frame (39) slides. A distance adjustment component is also provided on the micro air pump (18). The distance adjustment component is used to adjust the distance between the upper and lower guide frames (43) of the same sliding frame (39).

2. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) is also equipped with a mounting base (3), a display and control screen (4) and a signal transceiver module (5). The filter core (11) includes a nylon hydrophobic mesh (12), a hydrophobic sintered mesh (13) and an ePTFE microporous hydrophobic membrane (14) arranged from the outside to the inside of the housing (1).

3. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (6) is connected to two sides of a sliding rod bracket (38). The sliding frame (39) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod bracket (38). A spring (40) sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod bracket (38) is connected between the sliding frame (39) and the mounting bracket (6). The air duct (8) extends radially on the upper and lower sides and has two sliding channels (53). The sliding frame (39) passes through the air duct (8) through the two sliding channels (53) on the upper and lower sides and slides in the two sliding channels (53), and is located on the side of the mesh air distribution plate (10) away from the laser chamber (7).

4. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding frame (39) has a sliding opening (41) at both the upper and lower ends, and a sliding seat (42) is slidably fitted in each sliding opening (41). The guide frame (43) is connected to the side of the sliding seat (42) near the mounting plate (20).

5. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a servo motor (21), a bidirectional lead screw (22), a gear ring (23), a fan blade (24), a shaft (26), a gear (27), a large pulley (28), a small pulley (29), and a belt (30). The servo motor (21) is mounted on both sides of the upper mounting bracket (6) along the radial direction of the laser chamber (7). The upper end of the bidirectional lead screw (22) is fitted onto the output end of the servo motor (21), while the lower end is rotatably mounted on the lower mounting bracket (6). The threads on the upper and lower ends of the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw (22) are rotated in opposite directions. The mounting plates (20) on the upper and lower sides are symmetrically threaded onto the upper and lower ends of the bidirectional lead screw (22) on both sides. The gear ring (23) is rotatably fitted onto the upper and lower inner walls of the laser chamber (7). The fan blades (24) array is connected to the upper and lower toothed rings (23) on the side close to each other. There are two shafts (26) and they are rotatably installed between the upper and lower mounting brackets (6). The two shafts (26) are also arranged along the radial sides of the laser chamber (7) and are parallel to the bidirectional lead screw (22), and pass through the mounting plate (20), the corrugated cylinder (19) and the laser chamber (7). The gear (27) is fitted on the surface of the shaft (26) inside the laser chamber (7) and meshes with the toothed ring (23). The large pulley (28) is fitted on the outside of the bidirectional lead screw (22), and the small pulley (29) is fitted on the outside of the shaft (26). A belt (30) is fitted between the large pulley (28) and the small pulley (29).

6. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The shaft (26) is fitted with a limiting ring platform (31) inside the laser chamber (7). The frame (32) is rotatably fitted on the outside of the shaft (26) on both sides and is axially limited with the limiting ring platform (31) in the laser chamber (7). The mounting plate (20) on the upper and lower sides is provided with through holes (25). The mounting plate (20) slides in a sealed manner on the outside of the shaft (26) through the through holes (25).

7. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulling assembly includes a ramp (44) and a lever (45). The ramp (44) is fitted inside the guide frame (43). The lever (45) is connected to both sides of the mounting plate (20) and slides through the guide frame (43), sliding and contacting the ramp (44) inside the guide frame (43).

8. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment assembly includes a rotating shaft (33), a second gear (34), a pull rod (36), and a double-sided toothed plate (37). The rotating shaft (33) is rotatably mounted on the upper and lower sides of the frame (32) corresponding to the air duct (8) on both sides of the laser chamber (7). The second gear (34) is mounted on the outside of the rotating shaft (33). The guide plate (35) is connected to the side of the rotating shaft (33) close to the axial direction of the laser chamber (7). The pull rod (36) is connected to the sides of the sliding frames (39) on both sides that are close to each other, and seals and slides through the mesh air distribution plate (10) on each side, extending into the air duct (8). The double-sided toothed plate (37) is connected to the sides of the pull rods (36) on both sides that are close to each other, and is located between the upper and lower gears (34), and meshes with the upper and lower gears (34).

9. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable distance assembly includes a sleeve (46), a base (48), a rod (49), and a bracket (51). The sleeve (46) is connected to the guide frame (43) on the side away from the mounting bracket (6). The base (48) is slidably disposed in the housing (1). One end of the rod (49) is connected to the base (48), and the other end is slidably disposed in the sleeve (46). The bracket (51) is connected to the upper and lower sides of the micro air pump (18). Each bracket (51) is rotatably connected to the base (48) on its respective side by a rotating plate (52).

10. The real-time monitoring device for harmful gases in tunnels based on a laser module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer air duct (15) is fitted with a hollow collar (16) that is in the surface of the micro air pump (18). The two ends of the micro air pump (18) are respectively engaged with the collar (16) on one side and the end of the inner air duct (9) away from the laser chamber (7). The upper and lower inner walls of the housing (1) are connected with a slide rod frame (47). The sleeve (48) is slidably fitted on the outside of the slide rod frame (47) on one side. The upper and lower sides of the outer air duct (15) are provided with a slide opening (50). The bracket (51) extends through the slide opening (50) to the outside of the outer air duct (15).

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