Electrical exploration instrument for grouting reinforcement and electrical monitoring method

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a grouting reinforcement electrical prospecting instrument and electrical monitoring method, the prospecting instrument comprising: a grouting electrode array module, a multi-frequency composite excitation module, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition module, a main control and inversion module, and a grouting closed-loop linkage regulation module; the grouting electrode array module is used for injecting grout into a target stratum and constructing an electrical monitoring channel; the multi-frequency composite excitation module is used for outputting an excitation signal to the target stratum through the electrical monitoring channel; the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module is used for acquiring multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target stratum under the action of the excitation signal and transmitting the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the main control and inversion module; the main control and inversion module is used for determining a quantitative result of a grout diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and identifying an abnormal working condition based on the quantitative result; and the grouting closed-loop linkage regulation module is used for regulating the grouting process based on the quantitative result and the abnormal working condition. The present disclosure can realize real-time monitoring and dynamic regulation of the grouting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the interdisciplinary field of geotechnical engineering grouting reinforcement and geophysical exploration, and in particular to an electrical resistivity tomography instrument and electrical resistivity monitoring method for grouting reinforcement. Background Technology

[0002] In the application of grouting reinforcement in geotechnical engineering, monitoring of grouting effect and construction control are of great significance. Due to the concealed diffusion process of grout in the strata and the large number of interference factors at the construction site, the underground state during the grouting process is difficult to be accurately perceived. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an electrical resistivity tomography instrument and electrical resistivity monitoring method for grouting reinforcement.

[0003] In related technologies, the grouting effect is usually analyzed by monitoring construction parameters or conducting tests before and after grouting. However, such methods have problems such as insufficient real-time performance, limited monitoring accuracy, and difficulty in dynamically adjusting according to the actual underground conditions, making it difficult to meet the actual application needs of grouting reinforcement scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides an electrical resistivity prospecting instrument and an electrical resistivity monitoring method for grouting reinforcement.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, an electrical resistivity tomography instrument for grouting reinforcement is provided, comprising: a grouting electrode array module, a multi-frequency composite excitation module, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition module, a main control and inversion module, and a grouting closed-loop linkage control module; The grouting electrode array module is used to inject grout into the target formation and to construct an electrical monitoring channel; The multi-frequency composite excitation module is used to output an excitation signal to the target formation through the electrical monitoring channel; The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal, and transmit the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the main control and inversion module; The main control and inversion module is used to determine the quantitative results of the slurry diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters, and to identify abnormal working conditions based on the quantitative results. The grouting closed-loop linkage control module is used to control the grouting process based on the quantitative results and the abnormal working conditions.

[0006] Furthermore, the grouting electrode array module includes: segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes and an external auxiliary electrode array; The segmented insulated grouting electrode tube is divided into multiple mutually insulated electrode segments along the axial direction. Adjacent electrode segments are isolated by insulating flanges. Each electrode segment is provided with a set of controllable grout outlets. The controllable grout outlets have built-in one-way check valves, and the opening or closing state of the controllable grout outlets is synchronously linked with the measurement timing of the corresponding electrode segments. The external auxiliary electrode array and the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube cooperate to form the electrical monitoring channel.

[0007] Furthermore, each of the electrode segments is provided with annular shielding electrodes at both ends, the end of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube is provided with a power supply electrode, and the tail of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube is provided with a signal interface.

[0008] Furthermore, the annular shielding electrode and the corresponding electrode segment are isolated by an insulating sleeve and connected to an equipotential follower circuit to ensure that the annular shielding electrode and the corresponding electrode segment are at the same potential.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-frequency composite excitation module includes: a multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit and an adaptive impedance matching circuit unit; The multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit is used to generate the excitation signal and adjust the amplitude, frequency and superposition number of the excitation signal according to the on-site interference intensity; wherein, the excitation signal is a multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal formed by superposition of fundamental wave and odd harmonic wave; The adaptive impedance matching circuit unit is used to match the output impedance of the excitation signal according to the electrode-formation contact resistance, so that the excitation signal is injected into the target formation.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module includes: a multi-channel acquisition unit and a signal preprocessing unit; The multi-channel acquisition unit is used to synchronously acquire the multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal; wherein, the multi-dimensional electrical parameters include at least: apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability; The signal preprocessing unit is used to preprocess the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and transmit the preprocessed multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the main control and inversion module.

[0011] Furthermore, the main control and inversion module includes: a data processing unit, a multi-parameter grouting inversion model, and a pre-trained sample library of geotechnical-grout electrical parameters; The data processing unit is used to perform differential correction on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to obtain the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters. The multi-parameter grouting inversion model is used to perform three-dimensional inversion of the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters based on the pre-trained rock-soil-grout electrical parameter sample library, so as to determine the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state.

[0012] Furthermore, the grouting closed-loop linkage control module includes: an abnormal working condition triggering logic unit and a protocol conversion unit; The abnormal operating condition triggering logic unit is used to determine the control command based on the quantitative result and the abnormal operating condition. The protocol conversion unit is used to convert the control command into a control signal that the grouting equipment can recognize, so as to control the grouting process.

[0013] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, an electrical resistivity monitoring method for grouting reinforcement is provided, applied to the aforementioned electrical resistivity spectrometer for grouting reinforcement, the method comprising: Slurry was injected into the target formation, and an electrical resistivity monitoring channel was constructed. An excitation signal is output to the target formation through the electrical monitoring channel; Collect multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the excitation signal; The quantitative results of the slurry diffusion state are determined based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters, and abnormal working conditions are identified based on the quantitative results.

[0014] Furthermore, the construction of the electrical resistivity monitoring channel includes: The electrical monitoring channel is formed by combining segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes and external auxiliary electrode arrays.

[0015] Furthermore, the quantitative results of determining the slurry diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters include: Differential correction is performed on the multidimensional electrical parameters to obtain the corrected multidimensional electrical parameters; Based on a pre-trained sample library of soil-soil electrical parameters, a three-dimensional inversion is performed on the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters to determine the quantitative results of the slurry diffusion state.

[0016] Furthermore, after identifying abnormal operating conditions based on the quantitative results, the method further includes: The grouting process is regulated based on the quantitative results and the abnormal operating conditions.

[0017] Furthermore, the regulation of the grouting process based on the quantitative results and the abnormal operating conditions includes: Based on the quantitative results and the abnormal operating conditions, control instructions are determined. The control commands are converted into control signals that the grouting equipment can recognize in order to control the grouting process.

[0018] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the program to implement the method described above.

[0019] According to a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described above.

[0020] According to a fifth aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described above in this disclosure.

[0021] This disclosure provides an electrical resistivity tomography (OR) instrument and an OR monitoring method for grouting reinforcement. The OR instrument includes: a grouting electrode array module, a multi-frequency composite excitation module, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition module, a master control and inversion module, and a grouting closed-loop linkage control module. The grouting electrode array module is used to inject grout into the target formation and construct an OR monitoring channel. The multi-frequency composite excitation module is used to output excitation signals to the target formation through the OR monitoring channel. The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module is used to collect multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal and transmit the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the master control and inversion module. The master control and inversion module is used to determine the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and to identify abnormal working conditions based on the quantitative results. The grouting closed-loop linkage control module is used to control the grouting process based on the quantitative results and abnormal working conditions.

[0022] As described above, the embodiments of this disclosure first inject grout into the target formation through a grouting electrode array module and construct an electrical resistivity monitoring channel to achieve integration of grouting operation and electrical resistivity monitoring channel construction. Then, an excitation signal is output to the target formation through the electrical resistivity monitoring channel via a multi-frequency composite excitation module, and multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the excitation signal are collected by a multi-channel synchronous acquisition module to achieve synchronous monitoring of multiple parameters during the grouting process. Furthermore, a main control and inversion module determines the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and identifies abnormal working conditions based on the quantitative results to achieve quantitative characterization of the grout diffusion state and effective identification of abnormal grouting working conditions. Finally, a grouting closed-loop linkage control module regulates the grouting process based on the quantitative results and abnormal working conditions to achieve dynamic adjustment of grouting construction parameters, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy, control timeliness, and construction reliability of the grouting reinforcement process. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this disclosure to explain the disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical resistivity tomography instrument for grouting reinforcement provided as an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a segmented insulated grouting electrode tube provided as an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a one-way check valve provided for an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical resistivity tomography instrument for grouting reinforcement provided as another exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 A flowchart of an electrical monitoring method for grouting reinforcement provided as an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6 A flowchart of an electrical monitoring method for grouting reinforcement provided as another exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7 A structural block diagram of an electronic device provided as an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 8 A structural block diagram of a computer system provided as an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 9 A structural block diagram of a computer program product provided for an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1- Grouting electrode array module; 2- Multi-frequency composite excitation module; 3- Multi-channel synchronous acquisition module; 4- Main control and inversion module; 5- Grouting closed-loop linkage control module; 6- Electrode section; 7- Controllable grout outlet; 8- One-way check valve; 9- Annular shielded electrode; 10- Power supply electrode; 11- Signal interface; 12- Insulating flange. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this disclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0026] It should be understood that the steps described in the method embodiments of this disclosure may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of this disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0027] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the description below. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc., used in this disclosure are only used to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this disclosure are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more". The names of messages or information exchanged between multiple devices in the embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of such messages or information.

[0029] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of this disclosure, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in this disclosure in an appropriate manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and user authorization should be obtained.

[0030] For example, upon receiving a user's active request, a prompt message is sent to the user to explicitly inform them that the requested operation will require the acquisition and use of the user's personal information. This allows the user to independently choose whether to provide personal information to the software or hardware, such as the electronic device, application, server, or storage medium performing the operations of this disclosed technical solution, based on the prompt message.

[0031] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, in response to a user's active request, sending a prompt message to the user can be done via a pop-up window, where the prompt message can be presented in text format. Furthermore, the pop-up window can also include a selection control allowing the user to choose "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device. It is understood that the above notification and user authorization process is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation on the implementation of this disclosure; other methods that comply with relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0032] With the continuous development of geotechnical engineering grouting reinforcement technology and electrical resistivity tomography (OTM) monitoring technology, more and more information is being collected during the grouting process, including the grout diffusion range, grout saturation, density of the rock mass, and identification of abnormal working conditions. How to perceive, accurately determine, and dynamically control the underground state during the grouting process in real time has become an important foundation for improving the quality of grouting reinforcement construction and the level of intelligent management.

[0033] However, the grouting reinforcement process is highly concealed and dynamic, making it difficult to directly observe the diffusion state of the grout in the strata. Furthermore, construction sites often face challenges such as strong strata heterogeneity, significant interference from metal supports and pipelines, and similar electrical characteristics between groundwater and grout, leading to easily interfered monitoring results and insufficient identification accuracy. Existing grouting monitoring methods mainly include monitoring based on construction parameters such as grouting pressure, flow rate, and grouting volume; pre- and post-grouting detection based on high-density electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) or ground-penetrating radar; and in-hole ERT monitoring with separate grouting pipes and monitoring electrodes. While the construction parameter-based monitoring method is simple to implement, it struggles to reflect the true diffusion state of the grout underground. Pre- and post-grouting detection methods, although capable of some assessment of the grouting effect, lack real-time capability, making timely intervention difficult. In-hole ERT monitoring with separate grouting pipes and monitoring electrodes, while achieving a certain degree of underground monitoring, suffers from high construction costs, misalignment between monitoring and grouting points, insufficient anti-interference capabilities, and difficulty in achieving precise closed-loop control. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an electrical resistivity tomography instrument and electrical resistivity monitoring method suitable for grouting reinforcement scenarios, which can improve the monitoring accuracy of the grouting process and the ability to identify abnormal working conditions, while taking into account the timeliness, accuracy and intelligence of construction control.

[0034] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, an electrical resistivity tomography (EPM) instrument for grouting reinforcement is provided, comprising: a grouting electrode array module 1, a multi-frequency composite excitation module 2, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3, a main control and inversion module 4, and a grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5. The grouting electrode array module 1 is used to inject grout into the target formation and construct an electrical resistivity monitoring channel. The multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 is used to output excitation signals to the target formation through the electrical resistivity monitoring channel. The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 is used to acquire multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the excitation signal and transmit these parameters to the main control and inversion module. The main control and inversion module 4 is used to determine the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and to identify abnormal conditions based on the quantitative results. The grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 is used to control the grouting process based on the quantitative results and abnormal conditions.

[0035] Here, the target stratum can be the soil and rock mass, surrounding rock, roadbed soil, curtain grouting area, or other strata to be treated that are to be grouted and reinforced. The electrical monitoring channel is constructed by the grouting electrode array module and is used to output excitation signals to the target stratum and obtain electrical response information of the target stratum. The excitation signal is an electrical signal used to excite the target stratum to generate an electrical response. The multi-dimensional electrical parameters can include at least one parameter such as apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability. The quantitative results of the grout diffusion state can be the result information used to characterize the diffusion of grout in the target stratum, such as at least one of grout diffusion range, grout saturation, and stone density. Abnormal working conditions can include at least one unexpected grouting working condition such as grout leakage, grout overflow, and grouting blind zone. The control of the grouting process can include adjusting the construction parameters such as grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, and grout water-cement ratio, or controlling the grouting process to pause or restart.

[0036] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the grouting electrode array module 1, the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3, the main control and inversion module 4, and the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 collaboratively constitute the overall functional architecture of the electrical resistivity tomography instrument used for grouting reinforcement. The grouting electrode array module 1 can be connected to both the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 and the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3, serving as the front-end interface for excitation signal output and multi-dimensional electrical parameter acquisition. The multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 can be connected to the main control and inversion module 4 to receive excitation control information from the main control and inversion module 4, and... The electrical monitoring channel constructed by the grouting electrode array module 1 outputs an excitation signal to the target formation. The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can be connected to the main control and inversion module 4 to transmit the acquired multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the main control and inversion module 4. The main control and inversion module 4 can be connected to the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 to send the quantitative results and abnormal working condition identification results obtained based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5. The grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can also be connected to the external grouting construction system to apply the corresponding control results to the grouting process.

[0037] In this embodiment, Figure 1The terms "excitation signal," "multi-dimensional electrical parameters," and "abnormal working conditions" indicate the main information transmission links in the system. Specifically, the excitation signal output by the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 can be applied to the target formation via the electrical resistivity monitoring channel to induce a corresponding electrical response. The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can synchronously acquire the multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the excitation signal and transmit them to the main control and inversion module 4. The main control and inversion module 4 can process the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to determine the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state and further identify abnormal working conditions. The grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can control the grouting process based on the quantitative results and abnormal working conditions, thus forming a closed-loop processing link from excitation, acquisition, inversion, identification to control. Through the above connection structure and signal transmission relationship, the coordinated cooperation between grouting operation and electrical resistivity monitoring, state inversion, and construction control can be realized.

[0038] In one possible embodiment, the electrical resistivity tomography (EPM) instrument for grouting reinforcement can be applied to highway subgrade grouting reinforcement scenarios. The grouting electrode array module 1, multi-frequency composite excitation module 2, multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3, main control and inversion module 4, and grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can be integrated into an explosion-proof enclosure to adapt to the field subgrade construction environment. As an example, in a highway subgrade grouting reinforcement scenario, the grouting design depth can be 15m. It should be noted that the above application scenarios, equipment integration forms, and grouting design depths are merely examples, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0039] In subsequent implementations, the specific structures and implementation methods of the grouting electrode array module 1, the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3, the main control and inversion module 4, and the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 will be described respectively.

[0040] In one possible embodiment, the grouting electrode array module 1 includes: segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes and an external auxiliary electrode array, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 An exemplary schematic diagram of a segmented insulated grouting electrode tube is shown. The tube body is divided axially into multiple mutually insulated electrode segments 6. Adjacent electrode segments are isolated by insulating flanges 12. Each electrode segment 6 is equipped with a set of controllable grout outlets 7. Each controllable grout outlet 7 has a built-in one-way check valve 8. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 An exemplary schematic diagram of a one-way check valve is shown. Furthermore, the opening or closing state of the controllable grout outlet 7 is synchronously linked with the measurement timing of the corresponding electrode segment 6. The external auxiliary electrode array and the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube cooperate to form an electrical monitoring channel.

[0041] In one possible embodiment, the body of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube can be made of high-strength seamless steel pipe, and the outer wall of the electrode segment 6 can be treated with conductive anti-corrosion coating to balance structural strength, conductivity, and corrosion resistance under grouting conditions. For example, the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube can be made of DN50 high-strength seamless steel pipe and divided into 8 independently insulated electrode segments 6 along the axial direction. The length of a single electrode segment can be, for example, 1.8m, less than the design diffusion radius of 2m, so that each electrode segment 6 can form a good spatial matching relationship with the corresponding grouting segment. The insulating flange 12 used between adjacent electrode segments 6 can be a high-strength insulating flange, such as a high-strength epoxy resin insulating flange. The pressure resistance rating of the insulating flange 12 can be set according to the actual grouting conditions, for example, not less than 1.5 times the maximum design pressure of grouting. For example, the pressure resistance rating of the insulating flange 12 can be 15MPa, and the corresponding maximum design pressure of grouting can be 10MPa.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the controllable slurry outlet 7 can be located in the middle of the corresponding electrode segment 6, and the one-way check valve 8 can be set with an opening pressure, for example, an opening pressure of 2 MPa, so that the slurry is output through the corresponding controllable slurry outlet 7 when the opening conditions are met, and the slurry backflow is suppressed when grouting stops or the pressure decreases. It should be noted that the pipe material, pipe diameter, number of electrode segments, single segment length, insulating flange material, pressure resistance rating, and opening pressure of the one-way check valve can all be set according to the actual application scenario, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0043] In one possible embodiment, the external auxiliary electrode array can be arranged in a ring or rectangle around the grouting hole, and together with the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube inside the hole, it forms a three-dimensional observation system to improve the spatial resolution of monitoring and ensure the synergy between grouting and monitoring. The external auxiliary electrode array can support automatic switching of various electrode devices such as Wenner, dipole-dipole, and differential to adapt to the electrical monitoring needs under different target strata conditions. As an optional example, in the scenario of highway subgrade grouting reinforcement, the external auxiliary electrode array can be arranged in a rectangle around the grouting hole with 48 copper electrodes, and the hole spacing can be, for example, 1m. It should be understood that the layout, number of electrodes, electrode material, hole spacing, and electrode device type of the external auxiliary electrode array can all be adjusted according to different engineering scenarios, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0044] In one possible embodiment, further, as Figure 2As shown, each electrode segment 6 is provided with annular shielding electrodes 9 at both ends, and a power supply electrode 10 is provided at the end of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube. A signal interface 11 is provided at the tail of the tube body of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube. The annular shielding electrode 9 and the corresponding electrode segment 6 are isolated by an insulating sleeve and connected to an equipotential follower circuit so that the annular shielding electrode 9 and the corresponding electrode segment 6 are at the same potential.

[0045] In one possible embodiment, the annular shielding electrode 9 can be arranged around the circumferential outer side of the corresponding electrode segment 6 and located at both ends of the corresponding electrode segment 6 to provide partial shielding for the corresponding electrode segment 6. The power supply electrode 10 can be set at the end of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube for injecting excitation signals into the target formation. The signal interface 11 can be set at the tail of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube for transmitting the acquired electrical signals and can be connected to the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module through a shielded cable, thereby improving the stability and anti-interference capability during signal transmission. Furthermore, the annular shielding electrode 9 and the corresponding electrode segment 6 can be isolated by an insulating sleeve, such as a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating sleeve, to achieve electrical isolation between the annular shielding electrode 9 and the corresponding electrode segment 6 while ensuring the compactness of the structural layout.

[0046] In one possible embodiment, the annular shielding electrode 9 and the corresponding electrode segment 6 can be respectively connected to the non-inverting input and output terminals of an equipotential follower circuit composed of a high input impedance instrumentation amplifier, so that the annular shielding electrode 9 and the corresponding electrode segment 6 maintain equipotential power supply during operation. In some examples, the potential difference between the annular shielding electrode 9 and the corresponding electrode segment 6 may not exceed 1mV, and the timing error during operation may not exceed 1μs. Through the above settings, the influence of lateral current shunting in the corresponding area of ​​the annular shielding electrode 9 can be reduced, and the interference of highly conductive materials such as metal supports and pipelines around the grouting hole on the electric field distribution and parameter acquisition results can be reduced, thereby improving the stability, reliability, and monitoring accuracy of multi-dimensional electrical parameter acquisition. It should be noted that the insulating sleeve material, the specific configuration of the equipotential follower circuit, the potential difference range, and the timing error range can all be set according to the actual application scenario, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0047] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 includes a multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit and an adaptive impedance matching circuit unit. The multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit is used to generate an excitation signal and adjust the amplitude, frequency and superposition number of the excitation signal according to the field interference intensity. The excitation signal is a multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal formed by superposition of fundamental wave and odd harmonic. The adaptive impedance matching circuit unit is used to match the output impedance of the excitation signal according to the electrode-formation contact resistance so that the excitation signal is injected into the target formation.

[0048] Here, the excitation signal is an electrical signal used to act on the target formation to excite the target formation to generate a corresponding electrical response. The multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal can be a square wave excitation signal formed by superimposing the fundamental wave and odd harmonics. The field interference intensity can be a parameter that characterizes the degree of influence of metal support, pipelines, power frequency noise or other electromagnetic interference in the construction site. The electrode-formation contact resistance can be the equivalent impedance parameter at the contact interface between the electrode and the target formation. The output impedance matching can be understood as adjusting the impedance of the excitation signal output side according to the electrode-formation contact resistance to improve the effectiveness of the excitation signal injection into the target formation.

[0049] In one possible embodiment, the multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit can be used to generate a multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal formed by the superposition of the fundamental wave and odd harmonics. The amplitude, frequency, and number of superpositions of the excitation signal can be adjusted according to the grouting depth and the intensity of on-site interference to adapt to the excitation requirements under different target formation conditions. The adaptive impedance matching circuit unit can be used to match the output impedance in real time according to the electrode-formation contact resistance to ensure that the excitation signal is effectively injected into the target formation, improve the extraction capability of weak signals under strong interference environments, and provide a stable signal source for subsequent multi-dimensional electrical parameter acquisition. Through the above settings, the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 can not only provide an excitation signal adapted to the target formation conditions but also dynamically match the output side based on the electrode-formation contact state, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the excitation signal injection.

[0050] In some embodiments, the frequency range of the excitation signal can be from 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz. The fundamental frequency in the multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit can be adaptively adjusted according to the grouting depth. The odd harmonics can be at least two of the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics superimposed. The amplitude range of the excitation signal can be adjustable from 0.1 V to 400 V, and the maximum output current can be no less than 5 A. As an example and not a limitation, when the grouting depth is 15 m, the fundamental frequency can be adaptively adjusted to 2 kHz, and the 3rd and 5th odd harmonics can be superimposed. The amplitude of the excitation signal can be set, for example, to 200 V, and the maximum output current can be, for example, 5 A. It should be noted that the frequency range, harmonic combination method, signal amplitude, and output current can all be set according to different grouting depths, target formation conditions, and on-site interference conditions. This disclosure does not specifically limit these settings.

[0051] In some implementations, the adaptive impedance matching circuit unit can adjust the output impedance in real time according to the change in electrode-sediment contact resistance to reduce problems such as excitation signal reflection, attenuation, or insufficient injection caused by changes in contact state, thereby ensuring effective injection of the excitation signal into the target formation. Furthermore, when the field interference intensity is high, the multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit can also improve the anti-interference capability and signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal by increasing the number of superpositions of the excitation signal and / or the number of harmonic superposition groups. It should be understood that the specific circuit implementation of the multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit, the specific configuration of the adaptive impedance matching circuit unit, and the frequency adjustment strategy, amplitude adjustment strategy, and superposition strategy adopted for different scenarios can all be selected and adjusted according to actual application needs, and this disclosure does not limit them.

[0052] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 includes a multi-channel acquisition unit and a signal preprocessing unit. The multi-channel acquisition unit is used to synchronously acquire multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal. The multi-dimensional electrical parameters include at least: apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability. The signal preprocessing unit is used to preprocess the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and transmit the preprocessed multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the main control and inversion module.

[0053] Here, multidimensional electrical parameters can be understood as the electrical response parameters of the target formation in multiple dimensions generated under the action of excitation signals. For example, they may include at least one of apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability. Synchronous acquisition can be understood as acquiring multidimensional electrical parameters in a consistent manner across multiple acquisition channels at a predetermined time. Preprocessing can be understood as filtering, denoising, correcting, or otherwise optimizing the acquired raw signals to improve the accuracy and stability of the data used in subsequent inversion analysis.

[0054] In one possible embodiment, the multi-channel acquisition unit can be electrically connected to the grouting electrode array module 1 to synchronously acquire multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal via the electrical monitoring channel. The multi-channel acquisition unit can be used to acquire electrical response information corresponding to different locations and different channels in parallel, thereby improving the temporal and spatial resolution of the grouting process monitoring. The signal preprocessing unit can be connected to the multi-channel acquisition unit to preprocess the raw signals acquired by the multi-channel acquisition unit and transmit the preprocessed multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the main control and inversion module 4 to provide a data basis for the subsequent quantitative determination of grout diffusion state and identification of abnormal working conditions. The signal preprocessing unit may include filtering and noise reduction to reduce the impact of power frequency interference, environmental noise and acquisition link noise on the parameter results at the construction site.

[0055] In some implementations, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can be configured with no less than 32 acquisition channels. For example, in a specific scenario, a 32-channel configuration can be used. The synchronous acquisition accuracy of the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can be, for example, no less than 24 bits, the minimum sampling interval can be, for example, no more than 1 μs, the input impedance can be, for example, no less than 10 MΩ, and the inter-channel synchronization error can be, for example, no more than 0.1 μs, thereby improving the synchronization and accuracy in the multi-dimensional electrical parameter acquisition process. Further, in one example, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can simultaneously acquire four types of electrical parameters: apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability. It should be noted that the number of acquisition channels, acquisition accuracy, sampling interval, input impedance, channel synchronization error, and acquisition parameter types can all be set according to the actual application scenario, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0056] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the main control and inversion module 4 includes: a data processing unit, a multi-parameter grouting inversion model, and a pre-trained sample library of soil-grout electrical parameters. The data processing unit is used to perform differential correction on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to obtain the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters. The multi-parameter grouting inversion model is used to perform three-dimensional inversion on the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters based on the pre-trained sample library of soil-grout electrical parameters to determine the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state.

[0057] Here, multidimensional electrical parameters refer to the electrical response parameters of the target formation under the action of excitation signals, which may include at least one of apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability. Differential correction can be understood as correcting the multidimensional electrical parameters acquired in real time based on the formation background parameters obtained by in-situ calibration before grouting, so as to reduce the influence of systematic errors and formation heterogeneity on the parameter results. The pre-trained rock-soil-grout electrical parameter sample library can be a pre-established and stored set of data used to characterize the variation law of electrical parameters under different rock and soil conditions and different grout conditions. The quantitative results of grout diffusion state can be the result information used to characterize the diffusion of grout in the target formation, which may include at least one of grout diffusion range, grout saturation, and stone body density.

[0058] In one possible embodiment, the data processing unit can perform differential correction on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters transmitted by the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 based on the formation background parameters calibrated in situ before grouting. This eliminates the influence of systematic errors and formation heterogeneity, and yields the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters. These corrected parameters can then be further input into the multi-parameter grouting inversion model for subsequent quantitative determination of the grout diffusion state. Through this setup, the main control and inversion module 4 can obtain relatively stable inversion input data even under complex formation conditions.

[0059] In one possible embodiment, the multi-parameter grouting inversion model can be a three-dimensional inversion model based on the coupling of convolutional neural networks and finite element method. A pre-trained geotechnical-grout electrical parameter sample library can be used to provide a benchmark for comparison and assist in accurate inversion of the multi-parameter grouting inversion model. The convolutional neural network can be used to extract features and invert and map the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters. The finite element forward modeling module can be used to establish a three-dimensional geoelectric model of the strata-grout and generate forward modeling data to supplement and correct the training samples of the convolutional neural network. Specifically, the convolutional neural network can adopt a network structure with apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability as input features. The output results can include parameters such as soil type, slurry type, slurry saturation, and density of the concretionary mass. Among these, slurry saturation, density of the concretionary mass, and the slurry diffusion range further determined by combining soil type and slurry type can all serve as results information characterizing the diffusion of slurry in the target stratum, thus constituting the aforementioned quantitative results of slurry diffusion state. The finite element forward modeling module can establish a three-dimensional geoelectric model of the target stratum based on the stable current field control equation and use a tetrahedral unstructured mesh for subdivision, for example, the minimum mesh size can be 0.5m. Furthermore, the finite element forward modeling module can generate forward modeling datasets of electrical parameters under different stratum conditions and different slurry diffusion morphologies as a supplement to the virtual training samples of the convolutional neural network model. The slurry distribution parameters output by the convolutional neural network can also be fed back to the finite element forward modeling module to update the geoelectric model and iteratively optimize the inversion results. For example, the time taken for a single coupling iteration can be no more than 2s.

[0060] In one possible embodiment, the pre-trained geotechnical-grout electrical parameter sample library may include stratigraphic background parameters of different lithologies, different water contents, and different degrees of fracture development, as well as grout electrical parameters under different grout types, different water-cement ratios, different gel times, and different saturations. For example, the sample library may cover typical lithologies such as clay, sand, limestone, and granite, with water contents of, for example, 5% to 40%, and fracture rates of, for example, 0.1% to 5%. Meanwhile, grout types may include, for example, ordinary cement grout, ultrafine cement grout, and water glass-cement two-component grout, with water-cement ratios of, for example, 0.6:1 to 2:1, gel times of, for example, 10s to 120min, and saturations of, for example, 10% to 100%. It should be understood that the types of lithologies, grout types, parameter ranges, and sample sizes included in the sample library can be expanded or adjusted according to the actual grouting scenario, and this disclosure does not specifically limit them.

[0061] In one possible embodiment, the main control and inversion module 4 may further include a data storage unit, a visualization display unit, and a wireless transmission unit. The data storage unit can store the acquired multi-dimensional electrical parameters, differential correction results, inversion results, and abnormal working condition identification results. The visualization display unit can generate a three-dimensional resistivity tomographic image of the grouting process, a dynamic cloud map of grout diffusion, and a grouting effect evaluation report, allowing construction personnel to intuitively obtain grouting status information. The wireless transmission unit can transmit relevant data to a remote terminal and receive control information from the remote terminal. In some examples, the wireless transmission unit can support wireless communication methods such as 4G, 5G, WiFi, and LoRa. Through the above-mentioned extended settings, the functional completeness of the main control and inversion module 4 in terms of data management, result display, and remote collaborative control can be further improved.

[0062] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 includes an abnormal working condition triggering logic unit and a protocol conversion unit. The abnormal working condition triggering logic unit is used to determine the control command based on the quantitative results and abnormal working conditions. The protocol conversion unit is used to convert the control command into a control signal that the grouting equipment can recognize in order to control the grouting process.

[0063] Here, the quantitative results are the result information used to characterize the grout diffusion state, determined by the main control and inversion module 4 based on multi-dimensional electrical parameters. For example, it may include at least one of the following: grout diffusion range, grout saturation, and stone body density. Abnormal conditions may be unexpected conditions that occur during the grouting process, such as at least one of the following: grout leakage, grout overflow, and grouting blind zone. Control commands may be control commands used to change the operating state of the grouting process, such as at least one of the following: grouting pressure adjustment command, grouting flow rate adjustment command, grout water-cement ratio adjustment command, and pause / restart grouting command. Control signals may be signals that can be directly recognized and executed by the grouting equipment after protocol conversion.

[0064] In one possible embodiment, the abnormal operating condition triggering logic unit can be connected to the main control and inversion module 4 to receive the quantitative results and abnormal operating condition identification results output by the main control and inversion module 4, and determine the corresponding control instructions based on the quantitative results and abnormal operating conditions. Further, the protocol conversion unit can be connected to the abnormal operating condition triggering logic unit to convert the control instructions into control signals recognizable by the grouting equipment and send them to the grouting pump control cabinet of the grouting construction system, thereby enabling real-time control of the grouting process. Through the above settings, the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can realize the conversion process from "inversion results / abnormal operating conditions" to "control instructions" and then to "equipment control signals," thus forming a closed-loop control link that coordinates with the main control and inversion module 4.

[0065] In some implementations, the protocol conversion unit can support industrial communication protocols including but not limited to Modbus, Profinet, and CAN bus to adapt to different types of grouting equipment control interfaces and interface with mainstream brand grouting pump control cabinets. It should be noted that the protocol types supported by the protocol conversion unit can be selected and configured according to the actual grouting equipment, control cabinet interface type, and on-site communication conditions; this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0066] In one possible embodiment, the abnormal working condition triggering logic unit can have built-in multi-level abnormal working condition triggering logic. The multi-level abnormal working condition triggering logic can implement differentiated control of grouting status at different risk levels based on quantitative results such as grout diffusion range, grout saturation and stone density, as well as abnormal working conditions such as grout leakage, grout overflow, and grouting blind zone.

[0067] For example, the multi-level abnormal working condition triggering logic unit in the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can set three levels of early warning: In the first level early warning, if the grout diffusion range exceeds the design boundary by less than 5%, a control command to reduce the grouting flow rate and grouting pressure can be generated; in the second level early warning, if the grout diffusion range exceeds the design boundary by 5% to 10%, or if grout leakage is detected, a control command to pause grouting and trigger an audible and visual alarm can be generated; in the third level early warning, if a grouting blind zone is detected, or if the density of the aggregate does not reach the design threshold, a control command to adjust the grout water-cement ratio and gel time and prompt for grouting repair can be generated. Furthermore, the protocol conversion unit can convert the control commands into control signals recognizable by the grouting equipment to regulate the grouting process. It should be understood that the number of early warning levels, triggering conditions, and corresponding control strategies can all be set according to different grouting scenarios and construction requirements, and this disclosure does not specifically limit them.

[0068] As a specific embodiment of the aforementioned three-level early warning logic, the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can interface with the control cabinet of the three-cylinder plunger grouting pump and adopt a three-level abnormal working condition triggering logic. Specifically, the designed grout diffusion boundary can be 2m around the grouting hole, the designed grout saturation can be no less than 80%, and the wave velocity corresponding to the density of the aggregate can be no less than 300m / s. When the main control and inversion module 4 detects that the grout diffusion range reaches 2.05m, the multi-level abnormal working condition triggering logic unit can trigger a first-level early warning and generate control commands to reduce the grouting flow rate by 20% and the grouting pressure by 10%. When the main control and inversion module 4 detects that the grout diffusion range reaches 2.1m to 2.2m, or breaks through the water-resistant layer... When the system detects signs of grout seepage on the surface, the multi-level abnormal working condition triggering logic unit can trigger a level-two early warning and generate control commands to suspend grouting and issue audible and visual alarms. When the main control and inversion module 4 detects a grouting blind zone, i.e., the volume of the area with grout saturation below 80% exceeds 10%, or the density of the stone body does not reach the design threshold, the multi-level abnormal working condition triggering logic unit can trigger a level-three early warning and generate control commands to reduce the grout water-cement ratio from 1:1 to 0.8:1, shorten the gel time, and output a grouting prompt for filling holes. Furthermore, the protocol conversion unit can convert the control commands into control signals that the grouting equipment can recognize and send them to the grouting pump control cabinet to regulate the grouting process.

[0069] In some extended embodiments, the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can also be connected to an external display terminal, remote control terminal or construction management platform to synchronously display or remotely send out the current grouting status, early warning level, control instructions and equipment execution results, thereby further improving the information management capability and remote collaboration capability in the grouting construction process.

[0070] This disclosure provides an electrical resistivity tomography (OR) instrument and an OR monitoring method for grouting reinforcement. The OR instrument includes: a grouting electrode array module, a multi-frequency composite excitation module, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition module, a master control and inversion module, and a grouting closed-loop linkage control module. The grouting electrode array module is used to inject grout into the target formation and construct an OR monitoring channel. The multi-frequency composite excitation module is used to output excitation signals to the target formation through the OR monitoring channel. The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module is used to collect multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal and transmit the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the master control and inversion module. The master control and inversion module is used to determine the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and to identify abnormal working conditions based on the quantitative results. The grouting closed-loop linkage control module is used to control the grouting process based on the quantitative results and abnormal working conditions.

[0071] As described above, the embodiments of this disclosure first inject grout into the target formation through a grouting electrode array module and construct an electrical resistivity monitoring channel to achieve integration of grouting operation and electrical resistivity monitoring channel construction. Then, an excitation signal is output to the target formation through the electrical resistivity monitoring channel via a multi-frequency composite excitation module, and multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the excitation signal are collected by a multi-channel synchronous acquisition module to achieve synchronous monitoring of multiple parameters during the grouting process. Furthermore, a main control and inversion module determines the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and identifies abnormal working conditions based on the quantitative results to achieve quantitative characterization of the grout diffusion state and effective identification of abnormal grouting working conditions. Finally, a grouting closed-loop linkage control module regulates the grouting process based on the quantitative results and abnormal working conditions to achieve dynamic adjustment of grouting construction parameters, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy, control timeliness, and construction reliability of the grouting reinforcement process.

[0072] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment relates to an electrical monitoring method for an electrical prospecting instrument used in any of the above embodiments. The method includes the following steps: Step 501: Inject slurry into the target formation and construct an electrical resistivity monitoring channel.

[0073] Here, step 501 can be performed by the grouting electrode array module 1 in the aforementioned embodiment. Specifically, grout can be injected into the target formation through the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube in the grouting electrode array module 1 to perform grouting reinforcement treatment on the target formation. The segmented insulated grouting electrode tube and the external auxiliary electrode array are used to form an electrical monitoring channel for subsequent excitation signal output and multi-dimensional electrical parameter acquisition.

[0074] In one possible embodiment, constructing the electrical resistance monitoring channel includes the following steps: An electrical monitoring channel is formed by combining segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes and external auxiliary electrode arrays.

[0075] Specifically, segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes can be first installed inside the grouting hole, extending along the grouting direction of the target formation, with each electrode segment corresponding to a different axial position of the target grouting area. Subsequently, an external auxiliary electrode array can be installed around the grouting hole, positioned outside the target formation, forming an internally and externally coordinated electrode observation structure with the segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes inside the hole. Afterward, the segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes and the external auxiliary electrode array can be connected to the measurement circuit and / or excitation circuit, respectively, so that the segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes serve as the internal electrode structure and the external auxiliary electrode array serves as the external electrode structure, together forming an electrical monitoring channel for excitation signal output and multi-dimensional electrical parameter acquisition.

[0076] Furthermore, the external auxiliary electrode array can be arranged in a ring or rectangle around the grouting hole to form a three-dimensional observation system together with the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube, thereby expanding the electric field coverage of the target stratum and improving the spatial resolution of the monitoring. As an example, in the scenario of grouting reinforcement of highway subgrade, the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube can be driven into the designed grouting depth of 15m while drilling, and 48 copper electrodes can be arranged in a rectangle around the grouting hole with a hole spacing of 1m. It should be understood that the installation depth of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube, the arrangement of the external auxiliary electrode array, the number of electrodes, and the hole spacing can all be set according to the actual engineering scenario, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0077] In some implementations, the segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes of adjacent grouting holes can be staggered to form a cross-three-dimensional observation system together with the external auxiliary electrode array, thereby further improving the spatial inversion resolution of the target strata.

[0078] Step 502: Output an excitation signal to the target formation through the electrical monitoring channel.

[0079] Here, step 502 can be executed by the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 in the aforementioned embodiment. Specifically, the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 can output an excitation signal to the target formation through the electrical monitoring channel constructed in step 501 to excite the target formation to generate a corresponding electrical response. For the specific structure, excitation signal form and impedance matching method of the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2, please refer to the relevant implementation methods of the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 mentioned above.

[0080] In one possible embodiment, the multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit in the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 can generate an appropriate multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal based on the formation depth and on-site interference conditions, and supply power to the target formation through the power supply electrode set at the end of the segmented insulated grouting electrode pipe. At the same time, the adaptive impedance matching circuit unit can perform real-time matching of the output impedance of the excitation signal based on the electrode-formation contact resistance to improve the effectiveness of injecting the excitation signal into the target formation.

[0081] In one possible embodiment, the multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal can be an excitation signal formed by superimposing a fundamental wave and odd harmonics, and the fundamental wave frequency can be adaptively adjusted according to the grouting depth. For example, when the grouting depth is greater than 50m, the fundamental wave frequency can be 0.1Hz to 10Hz; when the grouting depth is 20m to 50m, the fundamental wave frequency can be 10Hz to 1kHz; and when the grouting depth is less than 20m, the fundamental wave frequency can be 1kHz to 10kHz. Furthermore, when the intensity of power frequency interference at the site exceeds the set threshold, the number of superpositions of the excitation signal and the number of harmonic superposition groups can be automatically increased to improve the anti-interference capability and signal-to-noise ratio of the excitation signal. For example, in the scenario of grouting reinforcement of highway subgrade, when the grouting depth is 15m, a multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal with a 2kHz fundamental wave superimposed with the 3rd and 5th harmonics can be generated. In the scenario of curtain grouting reinforcement of coal mine underground working face, when the grouting depth is 80m, the fundamental frequency can be adaptively adjusted to 5Hz, and the 3rd, 5th and 7th odd harmonics can be superimposed.

[0082] Step 503: Collect multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal.

[0083] Here, step 503 can be performed by the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 in the aforementioned embodiment. Specifically, the multi-channel acquisition unit in the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can synchronously acquire the multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal through the in-hole electrode segment and the external auxiliary electrode array. The multi-dimensional electrical parameters are then preprocessed by the signal preprocessing unit and transmitted to the main control and inversion module 4. For the specific structure and acquisition method of the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3, please refer to the relevant implementation methods of the aforementioned multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3.

[0084] In one possible embodiment, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can synchronously acquire multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target stratum under the action of the excitation signal. The multi-dimensional electrical parameters include at least apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability. During the acquisition process, the measurement timing of each electrode segment can be synchronously linked with the opening status of the corresponding controllable grout outlet. When a single set of controllable grout outlets is opened for grouting, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can control the corresponding electrode segment to prioritize the start of high-frequency acquisition to improve the monitoring time resolution of the grouting segment. For example, in the scenario of grouting reinforcement of highway subgrade, when the controllable grout outlet of a certain electrode segment is opened for grouting, the sampling frequency of that electrode segment can be increased from 1 time / 10s under normal working conditions to 1 time / 2s. In the scenario of deep grouting, for the electrode segment that has started grouting, the sampling frequency can be increased to 5 times that under normal working conditions.

[0085] Step 504: Quantitative results of slurry diffusion state are determined based on multi-dimensional electrical parameters, and abnormal working conditions are identified based on the quantitative results.

[0086] Here, step 504 can be executed by the main control and inversion module 4 in the aforementioned embodiment. Specifically, the main control and inversion module 4 can quantitatively characterize the slurry diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters transmitted by the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3, and identify abnormal working conditions based on the quantitative characterization results. The quantitative results of the slurry diffusion state can include at least one of slurry diffusion range, slurry saturation and stone body density. Abnormal working conditions can include at least one of slurry runoff, slurry leakage and grouting blind zone. For the specific structure and function of the data processing unit, multi-parameter grouting inversion model and pre-trained geotechnical-slurry electrical parameter sample library in the main control and inversion module 4, please refer to the relevant implementation methods of the aforementioned main control and inversion module 4.

[0087] In one possible embodiment, determining the quantitative result of the slurry diffusion state based on multi-dimensional electrical parameters includes the following steps: Differential correction is performed on the multidimensional electrical parameters to obtain the corrected multidimensional electrical parameters; Based on a pre-trained sample library of geotechnical-grout electrical parameters, a three-dimensional inversion is performed on the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters to determine the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state.

[0088] Specifically, the data processing unit in the main control and inversion module 4 can perform differential correction on the real-time acquired multi-dimensional electrical parameters based on the formation background parameters obtained from the in-situ calibration before grouting, in order to eliminate formation heterogeneity and systematic errors, and obtain the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters. Then, the multi-parameter grouting inversion model in the main control and inversion module 4, combined with the pre-trained rock-soil-grout electrical parameter sample library, can perform three-dimensional inversion on the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters to output quantitative data such as the three-dimensional diffusion range of grout, grout saturation in different regions, and density of the stone body in real time. The quantitative data can jointly constitute the quantitative results of the aforementioned grout diffusion state.

[0089] In some implementations, the main control and inversion module 4 can perform inversion processing with an inversion cycle of no more than 30 seconds under normal grouting conditions, while automatically switching to high-frequency inversion mode under abnormal conditions, with an inversion cycle of no more than 5 seconds. During the inversion process, the main control and inversion module 4 can also distinguish between low-resistivity grout and low-resistivity groundwater through coupled analysis of complex resistivity phase and polarizability parameters, so as to reduce the interference of groundwater on the judgment of grout diffusion state.

[0090] In this embodiment, firstly, slurry is injected into the target formation, and an electrical resistivity monitoring channel is constructed; then, an excitation signal is output to the target formation through the electrical resistivity monitoring channel; subsequently, multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal are collected; finally, quantitative results of the slurry diffusion state are determined based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters, and abnormal working conditions are identified based on the quantitative results.

[0091] As described above, this embodiment first injects grout into the target formation and constructs an electrical resistivity monitoring channel to achieve coordinated grouting operations and the construction of the electrical resistivity monitoring channel. Then, an excitation signal is output to the target formation through the electrical resistivity monitoring channel to stimulate the target formation to generate a corresponding electrical response. Subsequently, multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal are collected to obtain basic data for characterizing the grouting state of the target formation. Finally, quantitative results of the grout diffusion state are determined based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters, and abnormal conditions are identified based on the quantitative results to achieve state perception and anomaly judgment of the grouting process, thereby providing a basis for subsequent grouting process control and improving the monitoring accuracy and construction reliability of the grouting reinforcement process.

[0092] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, after identifying abnormal operating conditions based on quantitative results, the following steps are also included: Step 601: Adjust the grouting process based on quantitative results and abnormal operating conditions.

[0093] Here, step 601 can be executed by the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 in the aforementioned embodiment. Specifically, the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can perform closed-loop control on the grouting construction parameters or grouting operation status based on the quantitative results and abnormal working condition identification results output by the main control and inversion module 4, and regulate the grouting process. This can include adjusting at least one of the grouting pressure, grouting flow rate and grout water-cement ratio, or controlling the grouting process to pause or restart. For the specific structure and function of the abnormal working condition triggering logic unit and protocol conversion unit in the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5, please refer to the relevant implementation methods of the aforementioned grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5.

[0094] In one possible embodiment, the grouting process is controlled based on quantitative results and abnormal operating conditions, including the following steps: Control commands are determined based on quantitative results and abnormal operating conditions; The control commands are converted into control signals that the grouting equipment can recognize in order to regulate the grouting process.

[0095] In one possible embodiment, the abnormal working condition triggering logic unit in the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can determine the corresponding control command based on the quantitative results and abnormal working conditions, and the protocol conversion unit can convert the control command into a control signal that the grouting equipment can recognize and send it to the grouting pump control cabinet to implement closed-loop control of the grouting process. The protocol conversion unit can support at least one industrial communication protocol among Modbus, Profinet and CAN bus.

[0096] In one possible embodiment, the abnormal working condition triggering logic unit in the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can set multiple levels of abnormal working condition triggering logic according to different risk levels: when the grout diffusion range exceeds the design boundary by less than 5%, the grouting flow rate and grouting pressure can be automatically reduced; when the grout diffusion range exceeds the design boundary by 5% to 10%, or when grout leakage is detected, grouting can be automatically suspended and an audible and visual alarm can be triggered; when a grouting blind zone is detected, or the density of the stone body does not reach the design threshold, the grout water-cement ratio and gel time can be automatically adjusted, and a prompt for hole filling grouting can be given. Furthermore, the corresponding control instructions can be converted into control signals that the grouting equipment can recognize by the protocol conversion unit to control the grouting process.

[0097] In one specific embodiment, the main control and inversion module 4 can determine quantitative results such as the grout diffusion range, grout saturation, and wave velocity corresponding to the density of the stone body, and identify corresponding abnormal working conditions. The abnormal working condition triggering logic unit in the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can implement multi-level abnormal working condition triggering logic based on the quantitative results and abnormal working conditions. Specifically, the designed grout diffusion boundary can be 2m around the grouting hole, the designed grout saturation can be no less than 80%, and the wave velocity corresponding to the density of the stone body can be no less than 300m / s. When the main control and inversion module 4 detects that the grout diffusion range reaches 2.05m, the abnormal working condition triggering logic unit can trigger a first-level warning and generate control commands to reduce the grouting flow rate by 20% and the grouting pressure by 10%. When the grout level is between 0.1m and 2.2m, or when the water-impermeable layer is breached, or when signs of grout seepage are detected on the surface, the abnormal working condition triggering logic unit can trigger a level two early warning and generate control commands to suspend grouting and issue audible and visual alarms. When the main control and inversion module 4 detects that the volume of the area with grout saturation below 80% accounts for more than 10%, or the density of the stone body does not reach the design threshold, the abnormal working condition triggering logic unit can trigger a level three early warning and generate control commands to reduce the grout water-cement ratio from 1:1 to 0.8:1, shorten the gel time, and output a grouting prompt for filling holes. Finally, the protocol conversion unit converts the control commands into control signals that the grouting equipment can recognize in order to regulate the grouting process. It should be noted that the above boundary ranges, thresholds, adjustment ratios, and parameter ranges are only examples, and this disclosure does not make specific limitations on them.

[0098] As described above, this embodiment, after identifying abnormal working conditions based on quantitative results, further regulates the grouting process through a closed-loop linkage control module, enabling the grouting monitoring results to directly affect the construction control process. Specifically, this embodiment can determine corresponding control commands based on quantitative results such as grout diffusion range, grout saturation, and stone density, as well as abnormal working conditions. These control commands are then converted into control signals recognizable by the grouting equipment through protocol conversion, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of grouting pressure, grouting flow rate, grout water-cement ratio, and grouting start / stop status. This allows for timely intervention of construction parameters based on the actual diffusion state and abnormal conditions during the grouting process, improving the timeliness and targeting of control, reducing the adverse effects of abnormal problems such as grout leakage, grout overflow, and grouting blind spots on the grouting reinforcement effect, and ultimately improving the intelligence level, construction safety, and reinforcement reliability of the grouting construction process.

[0099] In another embodiment, this embodiment relates to an electrical resistivity tomography instrument and electrical resistivity monitoring method for grouting reinforcement in the context of curtain grouting reinforcement of underground coal mine working faces. Compared with the aforementioned highway subgrade grouting reinforcement scenario, this embodiment mainly addresses the needs of grout leakage, grouting blind zone control, and real-time monitoring and closed-loop control under strong power frequency interference during the grouting process in deep limestone strata. Therefore, the electrical resistivity tomography instrument and electrical resistivity monitoring method can be adapted to the technical solutions of the aforementioned embodiments. As an example, the grouting design depth in this embodiment can be 80m.

[0100] In one possible embodiment, for the curtain grouting reinforcement scenario of deep coal mine underground working faces, the grouting electrode array module 1 can be adapted as follows: the segmented insulated grouting electrode pipe can be made of DN75 high-strength seamless steel pipe, and divided into 16 independently insulated electrode segments along the axial direction to adapt to the longitudinal resolution requirements under deep grouting conditions. The length of a single electrode segment can be, for example, 5m. The pressure resistance rating of the insulating flange 12 used between adjacent electrode segments can be, for example, 30MPa, corresponding to 1.5 times the maximum design grouting pressure of 20MPa. The opening pressure of the one-way check valve 8 built into the controllable grout outlet 7 can be, for example, 5MPa. The external auxiliary electrode array can be arranged in a ring around the grouting hole with 32 electrodes, and can be staggered with the segmented insulated grouting electrode pipes of adjacent grouting holes to form a cross-three-dimensional observation system, thereby improving the spatial inversion resolution of deep strata. It should be noted that the above-mentioned pipe diameter, number of electrode sections, single section length, pressure rating, opening pressure, number of electrodes, and layout method are all examples only, and this disclosure does not impose any specific limitations on them.

[0101] In one possible embodiment, for the curtain grouting reinforcement scenario of deep coal mine underground working face, the multi-frequency composite excitation module 2 can adaptively adjust the excitation parameters according to the grouting depth of 80m. Specifically, the fundamental frequency can be adaptively adjusted to 5Hz, and three sets of odd harmonics of the 3rd, 5th and 7th orders are superimposed. The amplitude of the excitation signal can be, for example, 400V, and the maximum output current can be, for example, 5A. When the power frequency interference on site is strong, the number of superpositions of the excitation signal can be automatically increased, for example, to 128 times, to improve the anti-interference ability and signal-to-noise ratio of the excitation signal. Furthermore, the adaptive impedance matching circuit unit can match the output impedance in real time according to the electrode-formation contact resistance to ensure the effective injection of the excitation signal in the deep formation.

[0102] In one possible embodiment, to meet the requirement of simultaneous monitoring of multiple grouting holes in deep areas, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 3 can be configured with 64 channels to adapt to the synchronous acquisition of electrical parameters in multiple grouting hole areas. The pre-trained rock-soil-grout electrical parameter sample library in the master control and inversion module 4 can further supplement the electrical parameters of limestone and karst strata, as well as the electrical parameters of ultrafine cement grout and chemical grout. The multi-parameter grouting inversion model can be optimized for deep karst strata. Under abnormal working conditions, the master control and inversion module 4 can switch to high-frequency inversion mode, with an inversion period of, for example, 5 seconds, to improve the response capability to abnormal diffusion states in deep areas.

[0103] In one possible embodiment, the electrical monitoring method of this embodiment can be adapted to specific scenarios based on the aforementioned method embodiments. Specifically, in step 501, segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes adapted to deep grouting conditions can be processed according to the curtain grouting reinforcement design scheme of the coal mine underground working face, and the debugging and communication connection of each module can be completed; in step 502, an adapted multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal can be output according to the 80m grouting depth and the strong power frequency interference environment underground; in step 503, multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by deep strata under the action of excitation signal can be synchronously collected based on the 64-channel configuration; in step 504, based on the supplemented sample library of limestone, karst strata, ultrafine cement slurry, and chemical slurry parameters, three-dimensional inversion can be performed on the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters, and high-frequency inversion can be performed with a 5s inversion cycle under abnormal working conditions to improve the ability to identify grout runoff and grouting blind zones in deep limestone strata.

[0104] In one possible embodiment, for the scenario of curtain grouting reinforcement in underground coal mine working faces, the grouting closed-loop linkage control module 5 can also be adapted as follows: the protocol conversion unit can support at least one of the industrial communication protocols among Profinet, Modbus and CAN bus, and interface with the underground explosion-proof grouting pump control cabinet; the abnormal working condition triggering logic unit can implement multi-level abnormal working condition triggering logic for the breach of the design curtain boundary by the slurry diffusion range, the insufficient slurry saturation within the curtain range, and the insufficient density of the stone body. For example, when the main control and inversion module 4 detects that the slurry diffusion range is approaching the design curtain boundary, it can trigger a first-level early warning and generate control commands to reduce the grouting flow rate and grouting pressure; when the main control and inversion module 4 detects that the slurry diffusion range exceeds the design curtain boundary, or detects an abnormal water channel connection precursor, it can trigger a second-level early warning and generate control commands to suspend grouting and issue audible and visual alarms; when the main control and inversion module 4 detects that there is a blind zone within the curtain where the slurry saturation is lower than the design threshold, or that the density of the stone body does not meet the design requirements, it can trigger a third-level early warning and generate control commands to adjust the slurry water-cement ratio, shorten the gel time, and prompt for hole filling grouting. Furthermore, the protocol conversion unit can convert the control commands into control signals that can be recognized by the downhole grouting equipment and send them to the explosion-proof grouting pump control cabinet to perform closed-loop control of the curtain grouting process. After grouting is completed, the main control and inversion module 4 can also generate a curtain grouting effect evaluation report based on the inversion results to evaluate the curtain integrity and sealing effect. It should be noted that the above-mentioned protocol types, early warning levels, triggering conditions, and control strategies can all be set according to the actual working conditions of the underground coal mine face, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on them.

[0105] As described above, this embodiment is designed for the curtain grouting reinforcement scenario in underground coal mine working faces. It adapts the grouting electrode array module, multi-frequency composite excitation module, multi-channel synchronous acquisition module, main control and inversion module, and grouting closed-loop linkage control module to deep working conditions. This enables the technical solution disclosed in this invention to meet the grouting reinforcement requirements under deep limestone and karst strata conditions, and further improves the spatial inversion resolution, signal injection stability, timely response to abnormal working conditions, and closed-loop control accuracy in deep scenarios.

[0106] As described above, the technical solution disclosed herein provides an electrical resistivity tomography instrument and an electrical resistivity monitoring method for grouting reinforcement. By integrating the grouting structure and the electrical resistivity monitoring structure into a single design, and combining multi-frequency composite adaptive excitation, synchronous acquisition of multi-dimensional electrical parameters, differential correction based on in-situ calibration and three-dimensional intelligent inversion, as well as closed-loop linkage control based on inversion results and abnormal working conditions, real-time, continuous and quantitative monitoring of the grouting process can be achieved. Specifically, the technical solution disclosed herein enables a better correspondence between the grouting section and the monitoring section, improving the spatial resolution and monitoring accuracy of the electrical response acquisition of the target stratum; it enhances the effective injection capability of excitation signals in complex strata and strong interference environments, improves the stability and reliability of multi-dimensional electrical parameter acquisition, and enhances the ability to distinguish between low-resistivity grout and low-resistivity groundwater; it quantitatively characterizes the grout diffusion range, grout saturation, and density of the aggregate, enabling real-time evaluation of the grouting reinforcement effect; and it can also dynamically control the grouting pressure, grout flow rate, grout water-cement ratio, and grouting start-stop status based on quantitative results and abnormal working conditions, thereby effectively avoiding problems such as grout leakage, grout overflow, and grouting blind spots, and improving the quality of grouting reinforcement, construction safety, and intelligent management level.

[0107] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided as an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device 700 includes at least one processor 701 and a memory 702 coupled to the processor 701. The processor 701 can perform the corresponding steps in the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0108] The processor 701 described above can also be called a central processing unit (CPU), which can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. Each step in the method disclosed in this embodiment can be implemented by the integrated logic circuitry in the processor 701 or by software instructions. The processor 701 can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this embodiment can be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can be located in the memory 702, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The processor 701 reads information from the memory 702 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the method described above.

[0109] Furthermore, various operations / processes according to this disclosure, implemented via software and / or firmware, can be transmitted from a storage medium or network to a computer system with a dedicated hardware architecture, such as... Figure 8 The computer system 800 shown is equipped with the programs that constitute the software. When various programs are installed, the computer system is able to perform various functions, including those described above. Figure 8 A block diagram of a computer system provided for an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0110] Computer system 800 is intended to represent various forms of digital electronic computer devices, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. Electronic devices may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0111] like Figure 8As shown, the computer system 800 includes a computing unit 801, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 802 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 808 into a random access memory (RAM) 803. The RAM 803 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of the computer system 800. The computing unit 801, ROM 802, and RAM 803 are interconnected via a bus 804. An input / output (I / O) interface 805 is also connected to the bus 804.

[0112] Multiple components in the computer system 800 are connected to the I / O interface 805, including: an input unit 806, an output unit 807, a storage unit 808, and a communication unit 809. The input unit 806 can be any type of device capable of inputting information into the computer system 800. The input unit 806 can receive input numerical or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and / or function control of the electronic device. The output unit 807 can be any type of device capable of presenting information and may include, but is not limited to, a monitor, speaker, video / audio output terminal, vibrator, and / or printer. The storage unit 808 may include, but is not limited to, a hard disk and an optical disk. The communication unit 809 allows the computer system 800 to exchange information / data with other devices via a network such as the Internet, and may include, but is not limited to, a modem, network card, infrared communication device, wireless communication transceiver, and / or chipset, such as Bluetooth™ device, WiFi device, WiMax device, cellular communication device, and / or the like.

[0113] The computing unit 801 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 801 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 801 performs the various methods and processes described above. For example, in some embodiments, the methods disclosed in this disclosure can be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 808. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed on the electronic device 700 via ROM 802 and / or communication unit 809. In some embodiments, the computing unit 801 can be configured to perform the methods disclosed in this disclosure by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0114] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein when the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the electronic device is able to perform the methods disclosed in this disclosure.

[0115] The computer-readable storage medium in this disclosure can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specifically, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may include electrical connections based on one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0116] The aforementioned computer-readable medium may be included in the aforementioned electronic device; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device.

[0117] Figure 9 A computer program product 900 is provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The computer program product 900 includes a computer program 901, wherein the computer program 901, when executed by a processor, implements the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0118] In embodiments of this disclosure, computer program code for performing the operations of this disclosure can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. These programming languages ​​include, but are not limited to, object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network (including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)), or it can be connected to an external computer.

[0119] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0120] The modules, components, or units described in the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in software or hardware. The names of the modules, components, or units do not necessarily constitute a limitation on the module, component, or unit itself.

[0121] The functions described above in this document can be performed at least in part by one or more hardware logic components. For example, without limitation, exemplary hardware logic components that can be used include: field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and so on.

[0122] The above description is merely an embodiment of this disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of this disclosure is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features disclosed in this disclosure that have similar functions.

[0123] While specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail by way of example, those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. The scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrical resistivity tomography instrument for grouting reinforcement, characterized in that, include: Grouting electrode array module, multi-frequency composite excitation module, multi-channel synchronous acquisition module, main control and inversion module, and grouting closed-loop linkage control module; The grouting electrode array module is used to inject grout into the target formation and to construct an electrical monitoring channel; The multi-frequency composite excitation module is used to output an excitation signal to the target formation through the electrical monitoring channel; The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal, and transmit the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the main control and inversion module; The main control and inversion module is used to determine the quantitative results of the slurry diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters, and to identify abnormal working conditions based on the quantitative results. The grouting closed-loop linkage control module is used to control the grouting process based on the quantitative results and the abnormal working conditions.

2. The electrical resistivity tomography instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grouting electrode array module includes: segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes and external auxiliary electrode arrays; The segmented insulated grouting electrode tube is divided into multiple mutually insulated electrode segments along the axial direction. Adjacent electrode segments are isolated by insulating flanges. Each electrode segment is provided with a set of controllable grout outlets. The controllable grout outlets have built-in one-way check valves, and the opening or closing state of the controllable grout outlets is synchronously linked with the measurement timing of the corresponding electrode segments. The external auxiliary electrode array and the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube cooperate to form the electrical monitoring channel.

3. The electrical resistivity tomography instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each electrode segment is provided with annular shielding electrodes at both ends, the end of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube is provided with a power supply electrode, and the tail of the segmented insulated grouting electrode tube is provided with a signal interface.

4. The electrical resistivity tomography instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that, The annular shielding electrode is isolated from the corresponding electrode segment by an insulating sleeve and connected to an equipotential follower circuit to ensure that the annular shielding electrode and the corresponding electrode segment are at the same potential.

5. The electrical resistivity tomography instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-frequency composite excitation module includes: a multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit and an adaptive impedance matching circuit unit; The multi-frequency composite square wave generation unit is used to generate the excitation signal and adjust the amplitude, frequency and superposition number of the excitation signal according to the on-site interference intensity; wherein, the excitation signal is a multi-frequency composite square wave excitation signal formed by superposition of fundamental wave and odd harmonic wave; The adaptive impedance matching circuit unit is used to match the output impedance of the excitation signal according to the electrode-formation contact resistance, so that the excitation signal is injected into the target formation.

6. The electrical resistivity tomography instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module includes: a multi-channel acquisition unit and a signal preprocessing unit; The multi-channel acquisition unit is used to synchronously acquire the multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the action of the excitation signal; wherein, the multi-dimensional electrical parameters include at least: apparent resistivity, complex resistivity amplitude, complex resistivity phase, and polarizability; The signal preprocessing unit is used to preprocess the multi-dimensional electrical parameters and transmit the preprocessed multi-dimensional electrical parameters to the main control and inversion module.

7. The electrical resistivity tomography instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control and inversion module includes: a data processing unit, a multi-parameter grouting inversion model, and a pre-trained sample library of geotechnical-grout electrical parameters; The data processing unit is used to perform differential correction on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters to obtain the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters. The multi-parameter grouting inversion model is used to perform three-dimensional inversion of the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters based on the pre-trained rock-soil-grout electrical parameter sample library, so as to determine the quantitative results of the grout diffusion state.

8. The electrical resistivity tomography instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grouting closed-loop linkage control module includes: an abnormal working condition triggering logic unit and a protocol conversion unit; The abnormal operating condition triggering logic unit is used to determine the control command based on the quantitative result and the abnormal operating condition. The protocol conversion unit is used to convert the control command into a control signal that the grouting equipment can recognize, so as to control the grouting process.

9. An electrical resistivity monitoring method for grouting reinforcement, characterized in that, The electrical prospecting instrument used in any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises: Slurry was injected into the target formation, and an electrical resistivity monitoring channel was constructed. An excitation signal is output to the target formation through the electrical monitoring channel; Collect multi-dimensional electrical parameters generated by the target formation under the excitation signal; The quantitative results of the slurry diffusion state are determined based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters, and abnormal working conditions are identified based on the quantitative results.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The construction of the electrical resistivity monitoring channel includes: The electrical monitoring channel is formed by combining segmented insulated grouting electrode tubes and external auxiliary electrode arrays.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The quantitative results of determining the slurry diffusion state based on the multi-dimensional electrical parameters include: Differential correction is performed on the multidimensional electrical parameters to obtain the corrected multidimensional electrical parameters; Based on a pre-trained sample library of soil-soil electrical parameters, a three-dimensional inversion is performed on the corrected multi-dimensional electrical parameters to determine the quantitative results of the slurry diffusion state.

12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, After identifying abnormal operating conditions based on the quantitative results, the method further includes: The grouting process is regulated based on the quantitative results and the abnormal operating conditions.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The regulation of the grouting process based on the quantitative results and the abnormal operating conditions includes: Based on the quantitative results and the abnormal operating conditions, control instructions are determined. The control commands are converted into control signals that the grouting equipment can recognize in order to control the grouting process.

14. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; Memory for storing the at least one processor-executable instruction; The at least one processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the method as described in any one of claims 9-13.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, When the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the electronic device is enabled to perform the method as described in any one of claims 9-13.

16. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 9-13.

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