A bio-based coordination type foam dust suppressant as well as a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

A bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant, its preparation method, and its application belong to the field of dust control technology. The bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts sodium alginate, 1-8 parts α-hydroxycarboxylate, 0.2-2 parts coordination intermediate stabilizer, 6-20 parts lauryl alcohol, 3-15 parts dodecyl vinyl ether, 2-5 parts ethylene glycol laurate, 1-2 parts isopropyl myristate, 2.5-10 parts dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, 1-10 parts dodecyl carboxylate, and 50-200 parts water. The bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant of this invention possesses coordination charge regulation capability, good biodegradability, and excellent foam stability, enabling efficient dust suppression.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dust control technology, specifically relating to a bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant and its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Dust pollution has always been a persistent problem hindering industrial production and environmental protection during the crushing, conveying, transfer, and high-level placement of bulk materials such as limestone, coal, and aggregates. High concentrations of dust not only cause serious environmental pollution, but long-term inhalation can also lead to occupational diseases such as silicosis among workers. Furthermore, dust can penetrate belt rollers, reducers, and motor bearing seals, mixing with lubricating oil to form abrasive paste, accelerating equipment wear and causing jamming or electrical malfunctions.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used dust suppression technologies in the industry mainly include: (1) Traditional suction dust collection method: It is a passive treatment method. It is effective for fixed dust generation points, but it cannot solve the problem of unorganized dust in the transportation process. Moreover, the investment in multi-point layout equipment is huge and the flexibility is poor; (2) Dry fog dust suppression method: It wraps dust by spraying water mist, but it does not consider that a large amount of dust (especially mineral dust such as limestone and coal) has hydrophobic surface, resulting in secondary problems such as low dust suppression efficiency, water accumulation on the ground, increased moisture content of materials and serious material carrying on belts; (3) Ordinary foam dust suppression technology: Although it has improved the dust coverage to a certain extent, the existing foam dust suppressants mostly rely on the physical wetting effect of surfactants, and the agglomeration effect on hydrophobic dust is limited; the foam generation system is prone to problems such as poor foam quality, rapid breakage after spraying, and inability to form a "carpet-like" coverage; it generally lacks the ability to regulate the surface charge of dust, and cannot achieve the fundamental transformation from hydrophobic to hydrophilic from the chemical bonding level. This is also an important reason why dust will still be dispersed again after being wetted by dust suppressant and encountering dry wind.

[0004] Patent CN119463808A discloses a foam dust suppression material, its preparation method, and its application. The foam dust suppression material includes a foaming agent, a surfactant, a thickener, an inorganic salt, and a solvent; wherein the foaming agent includes soy protein isolate and / or collagen; the surfactant includes anionic surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants; and the inorganic salt includes one or more of potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium chloride. Its mechanism of action essentially remains the same as traditional surfactants, which achieve physical wetting of dust by reducing surface tension. For hydrophobic dusts such as limestone and coal (with surface contact angles typically greater than 90°), simply reducing surface tension is insufficient to fundamentally improve the hydrophilicity of the dust, thus limiting the dust suppression efficiency. Furthermore, this patent completely fails to address the surface charge properties of the dust.

[0005] Patent CN106190035A discloses a high-strength, fast-forming film-forming dust suppressant for construction sites. It is obtained by adding a water-soluble, non-ionic, monoether-substituted cellulose ether to a dust suppressant with calcium alginate as the main film-forming component. Calcium alginate is obtained by reacting sodium alginate solution and calcium chloride solution, and the water-soluble, non-ionic, monoether-substituted cellulose ether is methylcellulose. This patented technology relies on the cross-linking film formation through the reaction of sodium alginate and added calcium chloride. It uses a two-component packaging and requires on-site mixing before use. The resulting calcium alginate physical film is highly susceptible to cracking and failure under drying, temperature changes, or mechanical disturbance. Once damaged, it cannot self-repair, has a short dust suppression cycle, and requires frequent re-spraying.

[0006] Therefore, developing a highly efficient dust suppression technology with coordination charge regulation capability, bio-based biodegradability, and good foam stability has significant practical significance and market value. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant, its preparation method, and its application. The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant possesses coordination charge regulation capabilities, good biodegradability, and excellent foam stability, enabling efficient dust suppression.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant is provided, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts sodium alginate, 1-8 parts α-hydroxycarboxylate, 0.2-2 parts coordination intermediate stabilizer, 6-20 parts lauryl alcohol, 3-15 parts dodecyl vinyl ether, 2-5 parts ethylene glycol laurate, 1-2 parts isopropyl myristate, 2.5-10 parts dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, 1-10 parts dodecyl carboxylate, and 50-200 parts water.

[0009] In this invention, the bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant contains 10-30 parts by weight of sodium alginate. The sodium alginate is used to undergo a coordination reaction with metal ions on the dust surface. Preferably, in this invention, the number-average molecular weight of the sodium alginate is 8000-30000, and the mass content of guluronic acid units is ≥65%. The inventors have discovered that in the system of this invention, Ca²⁺… +First, it binds to a single G unit to form a monoligand complex. Then, adjacent G unit segments pair up, subsequently forming a multimeric cross-linked network through lateral association. This invention controls the G unit content to ≥65%, ensuring that sodium alginate has sufficient active binding sites. Simultaneously, the molecular weight of 8000~30000 ensures sufficient chain length to form a stable coordination structure and good spray flowability. The synergistic effect of these two factors ensures the dust suppressant possesses excellent dust surface charge regulation capabilities. If the molecular weight is too low (<8000), the sodium alginate chain segments are too short, and the G unit block length is insufficient to form a stable dimer. Although there are many coordination sites, the synergistic effect is insufficient. If the molecular weight is too high (>30000), the excessive solution viscosity makes it difficult for the foam generator to spray, and the steric hindrance effect of the large molecular chain will hinder the interaction between alginate and Ca²⁺ on the dust surface. + Rapid contact reduces the rate of coordination reaction.

[0010] In this invention, the bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant contains 1 to 8 parts by weight of α-hydroxycarboxylate. Preferably, the α-hydroxycarboxylate is selected from one or more of sodium lactate, sodium citrate, or sodium tartrate. The inventors further discovered that introducing a specific amount of α-hydroxycarboxylate into the system of this invention allows its carboxylate group to form a multidentate coordination system with sodium alginate, synergistically enhancing the charge neutralization effect on the dust surface and simultaneously imparting antifreeze properties below -10°C. The inventors found that the amount added is not necessarily better the more it is added; when it is less than 1 part, the synergistic coordination effect is insufficient, the charge neutralization capacity is limited, and the antifreeze effect is poor; when it is more than 8 parts, the excessive α-hydroxycarboxylate will compete with sodium alginate for Ca²⁺ on the dust surface. + This forms soluble small molecule complexes, which in turn inhibits the macromolecular coordination bridging effect of sodium alginate, leading to a decrease in dust suppression efficiency. At the same time, the solution viscosity is too low and the foam stability deteriorates.

[0011] In this invention, the bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant comprises 0.2 to 2 parts by weight of a coordination intermediate stabilizer. Preferably, the coordination intermediate stabilizer is selected from one or more of sodium gluconate, calcium gluconate, or sorbitol. The addition of a specific amount of the coordination intermediate stabilizer to the system of this invention utilizes its soluble complex to form a buffer, inhibiting the reaction between sodium alginate and Ca²⁺. + Irreversible excessive cross-linking. If the content is too low, the stabilizing effect is insufficient, and gelation is easy during storage; if the content is too high, there is excessive competition for coordination, which reduces the efficiency of neutralizing the surface charge of dust.

[0012] In this invention, the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant contains, by weight, 6-20 parts lauryl alcohol. In this invention, the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant contains, by weight, 3-15 parts dodecyl vinyl ether. In this invention, the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant contains, by weight, 2-5 parts ethylene glycol laurate. In this invention, the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant contains, by weight, 1-2 parts isopropyl myristate. In this invention, the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant contains, by weight, 2.5-10 parts dodecyl diethylene glycol ether. In this invention, the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant contains, by weight, 1-10 parts dodecyl formate. In this invention, the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant contains, by weight, 50-200 parts water.

[0013] Preferably, in this invention, the mass ratio of lauryl alcohol to ethylene glycol laurate is 3:1 to 4:1; the mass ratio of dodecyl vinyl ether to dodecyl diethylene glycol ether is 1.2:1 to 1.5:1; and the mass ratio of ethylene glycol laurate to isopropyl myristate is 2:1 to 2.5:1. In this invention, controlling the mass ratio of lauryl alcohol to ethylene glycol laurate at 3:1 to 4:1 ensures a balance between foaming and foam stabilization; controlling the mass ratio of dodecyl vinyl ether to dodecyl diethylene glycol ether at 1.2:1 to 1.5:1 optimizes emulsification and dispersion efficiency; and controlling the mass ratio of ethylene glycol laurate to isopropyl myristate at 2:1 to 2.5:1 balances foaming and penetration.

[0014] In this invention, the Zeta potential of the dust suppressant after being diluted 20 times with water is -30mV to -50mV; and after the diluted solution is mixed with calcium-containing limestone dust at a mass ratio of 1:1, the absolute value of the Zeta potential of the supernatant is ≥10mV lower than the absolute value of the Zeta potential of the diluted solution itself before mixing.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in any one of the above claims is also provided, comprising the following steps: (1) Add sodium alginate to some water and stir to dissolve at 40~60℃ to prepare sodium alginate solution; (2) Mix lauryl alcohol, dodecyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol laurate, isopropyl myristate, dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, and dodecyl carboxylate in proportion and stir at 35-45°C for 20-40 minutes to obtain a surfactant premix. (3) Add the α-hydroxycarboxylate to the sodium alginate solution from step (1) and stir to dissolve; (4) Under stirring conditions, the surfactant premix from step (2) is slowly added to the mixed solution from step (3), with a stirring speed of 300-600 rpm and a feeding time of 10-30 minutes; (5) Add the coordination intermediate stabilizer to the mixing system of step (4) and continue stirring for 15 to 25 minutes; add the remaining water and continue stirring until uniform, let stand to defoam, and obtain the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant.

[0016] In this invention, the dissolution process of sodium alginate in step (1) includes: first dispersing sodium alginate in water at 20~30℃, stirring to form a slurry, and then heating to 40~60℃ and continuing to stir until completely dissolved.

[0017] In this invention, the amount of water used in step (1) is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total amount of formula water; the time for standing and defoaming in step (5) is 30 to 60 minutes.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, the application of the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in any of the above claims or the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant prepared according to any of the above claims in the field of dust suppression is also provided.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant provided by this invention forms a multidentate coordination system with sodium alginate and α-hydroxycarboxylate, which can undergo a synergistic coordination reaction with metal ions on the dust surface. This reduces the absolute value of the Zeta potential of the supernatant of the mixed system by ≥10mV compared to before mixing, transforming hydrophobic dust into hydrophilic complexes and fundamentally solving the problem of difficult wetting of hydrophobic dust. At the same time, by optimizing the surfactant compounding ratio, the initial foam height is ≥180mm, the half-life is ≥30 minutes, and the foam coverage is uniform and long-lasting. The addition of coordination intermediate stabilizers effectively inhibits excessive cross-linking, ensuring that the single-agent form does not gel after 60 days of storage. Moreover, the product is biodegradable and has antifreeze performance below -10℃, with an on-site dust suppression efficiency of >90% and a dust suppression effect of up to one week. Its comprehensive performance is significantly better than that of existing technologies.

[0020] 2. The preparation method of this invention employs a stepwise dissolution and premixing emulsification process: first, sodium alginate is dissolved at 40-60°C to ensure the full extension of the sodium alginate molecular chains; then, α-hydroxycarboxylate is mixed with it to form a pre-coordination system; the surfactant is premixed at 35-45°C and slowly added to the aqueous phase, emulsified under stirring at 300-600 rpm (preferably 400-500 rpm) to avoid degradation of the molecular chains by high-speed shearing; the dissolution of sodium alginate adopts a two-stage process of first dispersing it in water at 20-30°C to form a slurry, and then heating it to effectively prevent agglomeration; finally, a coordination intermediate stabilizer is added and allowed to stand for defoaming for 30-60 minutes. The entire process is mild, simple to operate, and easy to scale up industrially. Furthermore, by precisely controlling the temperature, stirring speed, and feeding sequence, the reproducibility of the product's coordination activity, foaming properties, and storage stability is ensured. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention provides a bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts sodium alginate, 1-8 parts α-hydroxycarboxylate, 0.2-2 parts coordination intermediate stabilizer, 6-20 parts lauryl alcohol, 3-15 parts dodecyl vinyl ether, 2-5 parts ethylene glycol laurate, 1-2 parts isopropyl myristate, 2.5-10 parts dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, 1-10 parts dodecyl carboxylate, and 50-200 parts water.

[0022] In some embodiments, the sodium alginate has a number-average molecular weight of 8,000 to 30,000, and the mass content of guluronic acid units is ≥65%.

[0023] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of lauryl alcohol to ethylene glycol laurate is 3:1 to 4:1; the mass ratio of dodecyl vinyl ether to dodecyl diethylene glycol ether is 1.2:1 to 1.5:1; and the mass ratio of ethylene glycol laurate to isopropyl myristate is 2:1 to 2.5:1.

[0024] In some embodiments, the coordination intermediate stabilizer is selected from one or more of sodium gluconate, calcium gluconate, or sorbitol.

[0025] In some embodiments, the α-hydroxycarboxylate is selected from one or more of sodium lactate, sodium citrate, or sodium tartrate.

[0026] In some embodiments, the Zeta potential of the dust suppressant after being diluted 20 times with water is -30mV to -50mV; and after the diluted solution is mixed with calcium-containing limestone dust at a mass ratio of 1:1, the absolute value of the Zeta potential of the supernatant is ≥10mV lower than the absolute value of the Zeta potential of the diluted solution itself before mixing.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in any one of the above claims, comprising the following steps: (1) Add sodium alginate to some water and stir to dissolve at 40~60℃ to prepare sodium alginate solution; (2) Mix lauryl alcohol, dodecyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol laurate, isopropyl myristate, dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, and dodecyl carboxylate in proportion and stir at 35-45°C for 20-40 minutes to obtain a surfactant premix. (3) Add the α-hydroxycarboxylate to the sodium alginate solution from step (1) and stir to dissolve; (4) Under stirring conditions, the surfactant premix from step (2) is slowly added to the mixed solution from step (3), with a stirring speed of 300-600 rpm and a feeding time of 10-30 minutes; (5) Add the coordination intermediate stabilizer to the mixing system of step (4) and continue stirring for 15 to 25 minutes; add the remaining water and continue stirring until uniform, let stand to defoam, and obtain the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant.

[0028] In some embodiments, the dissolution process of sodium alginate in step (1) includes: first dispersing sodium alginate in water at 20~30°C, stirring to form a slurry, and then heating to 40~60°C and continuing to stir until completely dissolved.

[0029] In some embodiments, the amount of water used in step (1) is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total amount of formula water; the time for standing and defoaming in step (5) is 30 to 60 minutes.

[0030] The present invention also provides the application of the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in any one of the above-mentioned methods or the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant prepared according to any one of the above-mentioned methods in the field of dust suppression.

[0031] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to further explain and illustrate the content of the present invention by way of example, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Example 1 is the best example.

[0033] Preparation Example 1 Sodium alginate in this preparation example was obtained as follows: Laminaria hyperborea extract was added to deionized water to prepare a 2% (w / w) aqueous solution. The pH was adjusted to 3.0 with 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid under stirring. The suspension was hydrolyzed in a 65°C water bath for 3 hours, with samples taken every hour during this period to measure the viscosity using a rotational viscometer (25°C). Hydrolysis was stopped when the viscosity dropped to approximately 80–100 mPa·s. After hydrolysis, the solution was slowly neutralized to pH 6.8 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, resulting in complete redissolution of the precipitate and a clear solution. The neutralized solution was first ultrafiltered using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da to remove small molecule impurities and salts. Then, four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were slowly added under stirring, precipitating sodium alginate. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol. The precipitate was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C for 18 hours, then pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sodium alginate SA1.

[0034] Preparation Example 2 Sodium alginate in this preparation example was obtained as follows: Laminaria hyperborea extract (sodium alginate) was added to deionized water to prepare a 2% (w / w) aqueous solution. The pH was adjusted to 3.0 with 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid under stirring. The suspension was hydrolyzed in an 80°C water bath for 6 hours, with samples taken every hour during this period to measure the viscosity using a rotational viscometer (25°C). Hydrolysis was stopped when the viscosity dropped to approximately 30–50 mPa·s. After hydrolysis, the solution was slowly neutralized to pH 6.8 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, resulting in complete redissolution of the precipitate and a clear solution. The neutralized solution was first ultrafiltered using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da to remove small molecule impurities and salts. Then, four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were slowly added under stirring, precipitating sodium alginate. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol. The precipitate was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C for 18 hours, then pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sodium alginate SA2.

[0035] Preparation Example 3 Sodium alginate in this preparation example was obtained as follows: Laminaria hyperborea extract (sodium alginate) was added to deionized water to prepare a 2% (w / w) aqueous solution. The pH was adjusted to 3.0 with 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid under stirring. The suspension was hydrolyzed in a 60°C water bath for 2 hours, with samples taken every hour during this period to measure the viscosity using a rotational viscometer (25°C). Hydrolysis was stopped when the viscosity dropped to approximately 120–150 mPa·s. After hydrolysis, the solution was slowly neutralized to pH 6.8 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution (added dropwise under stirring, controlling the neutralization time to 15–30 minutes). The precipitate completely redissolved, yielding a clear solution. The neutralized solution was first ultrafiltered using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da to remove small molecule impurities and salts. Then, four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were slowly added under stirring, precipitating sodium alginate. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol. The precipitate was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C for 18 hours, then pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sodium alginate SA3.

[0036] Preparation Example 4 Sodium alginate in this preparation example was obtained as follows: Laminaria hyperborea extract (sodium alginate) was added to deionized water to prepare a 2% (w / w) aqueous solution. The pH was adjusted to 3.0 with 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid under stirring. The suspension was hydrolyzed in a 50°C water bath for 1 hour, during which the viscosity was measured using a rotational viscometer (25°C). Hydrolysis was stopped when the viscosity dropped to approximately 200–300 mPa·s (this viscosity range corresponds to a molecular weight of approximately 40,000–50,000). After hydrolysis, the solution was slowly neutralized to pH 6.8 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, resulting in complete redissolution of the precipitate and a clear solution. The neutralized solution was first ultrafiltered using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da to remove small molecule impurities and salts. Then, four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were slowly added under stirring, precipitating sodium alginate. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol. The precipitate was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C for 18 hours, then pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sodium alginate SA4.

[0037] Preparation Example 5 Sodium alginate in this preparation example was obtained as follows: Sodium alginate (Laminaria japonica extract) was added to deionized water to prepare a 2% (w / w) aqueous solution. The pH was adjusted to 3.0 with 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid under stirring. The suspension was hydrolyzed in a 65°C water bath for 3.5 hours, with samples taken every hour during this period and the viscosity measured using a rotational viscometer (25°C). Hydrolysis was stopped when the viscosity dropped to approximately 60–80 mPa·s. After hydrolysis, the solution was slowly neutralized to pH 6.8 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, resulting in complete redissolution of the precipitate and a clear solution. The neutralized solution was first ultrafiltered using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da to remove small molecule impurities and salts. Then, four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were slowly added under stirring, precipitating sodium alginate. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol. The precipitate was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C for 18 hours, then pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain sodium alginate SA5.

[0038] The sodium alginate obtained in Preparation Examples 1-5 was subjected to performance tests according to the following methods, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0039] Number-average molecular weight (Mn): High-performance gel permeation chromatography was used with 0.1 mol / L sodium sulfate solution as the mobile phase, a flow rate of 0.8 mL / min, a column temperature of 35℃, and a differential refractive index detector (RI). A standard curve was plotted using pullulan series standards (molecular weight 5,900~404,000). The test sample was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter before injection, and the number-average molecular weight (Mn) was automatically calculated by GPC software.

[0040] Mass content of guluronic acid units (G mass content): The sodium alginate sample was dissolved in heavy water (D2O) and sodium trimethylsilanepropionate internal standard was added using ¹H NMR. The ¹H NMR spectrum was collected at 70℃. The mole fraction of G was calculated based on the peak areas of the anodic hydrogen signals at δ 4.95~5.05 ppm (mannuronic acid unit, M) and δ 5.05~5.15 ppm (guluronic acid unit, G). The total uronic acid content measured by the m-hydroxybiphenyl method was then converted into the mass content of G units.

[0041] The conversion formula for G unit mass content is: G unit mass content (%) = [peak area (G) / (peak area (M) + peak area (G))] × total uronic acid content (%).

[0042] Table 1. Performance data of sodium alginate prepared in Examples 1-5 .

[0043] As shown in Table 1, the number average molecular weight of sodium alginate prepared in Preparation Examples 1-3 was between 8000 and 30000, and the G mass content was >65%. The number average molecular weight of sodium alginate prepared in Preparation Example 4 was relatively high, while the G mass content of sodium alginate prepared in Preparation Example 5 was relatively low.

[0044] Example 1 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts SA1, 5 parts sodium lactate, 1 part sodium gluconate, 14 parts lauryl alcohol, 9 parts dodecyl vinyl ether, 4 parts ethylene glycol laurate, 1.6 parts isopropyl myristate, 6.4 parts dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, 5 parts dodecyl carboxylate, and 100 parts water. The preparation method of the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant includes the following steps: (1) First, disperse SA1 in 1 / 3 of the total amount of water in the formula at room temperature, stir to form a slurry, then heat to 50°C and continue stirring until completely dissolved to prepare sodium alginate solution. (2) Lauryl alcohol, dodecyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol laurate, isopropyl myristate, dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, and dodecyl carboxylate are mixed in proportion and stirred at 40°C for 30 minutes to obtain a surfactant premix. (3) Add the α-hydroxycarboxylate to the sodium alginate solution from step (1) and stir to dissolve; (4) Under stirring conditions, the surfactant premix from step (2) is slowly added to the mixed solution from step (3) at a stirring speed of 500 rpm for 20 minutes. (5) Add the coordination intermediate stabilizer to the mixing system of step (4) and continue stirring for 20 minutes; add the remaining water and continue stirring until uniform, let stand for 40 minutes to defoam, and obtain the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant.

[0045] Example 2 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts SA2, 1 part sodium citrate, 0.2 parts calcium gluconate, 6 parts lauryl alcohol, 3 parts dodecyl vinyl ether, 2 parts ethylene glycol laurate, 1 part isopropyl myristate, 2.5 parts dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, 1 part dodecyl formate, and 50 parts water. The preparation method of the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant includes the following steps: (1) First, disperse SA2 in 1 / 2 of the total amount of water in the formula at room temperature, stir to form a slurry, then heat to 40°C and continue stirring until completely dissolved to prepare sodium alginate solution. (2) Lauryl alcohol, dodecyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol laurate, isopropyl myristate, dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, and dodecyl carboxylate are mixed in proportion and stirred at 45°C for 20 minutes to obtain a surfactant premix. (3) Add the α-hydroxycarboxylate to the sodium alginate solution from step (1) and stir to dissolve; (4) Under stirring conditions, the surfactant premix from step (2) is slowly added to the mixed solution from step (3) at a stirring speed of 600 rpm for 10 minutes. (5) Add the coordination intermediate stabilizer to the mixing system of step (4) and continue stirring for 15 minutes; add the remaining water and continue stirring until uniform, let stand for 60 minutes to defoam, and obtain the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant.

[0046] Example 3 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts SA3, 8 parts sodium lactate, 2 parts sodium gluconate, 20 parts lauryl alcohol, 15 parts dodecyl vinyl ether, 5 parts ethylene glycol laurate, 2 parts isopropyl myristate, 10 parts dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, 10 parts dodecyl carboxylate, and 200 parts water. The preparation method of the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant includes the following steps: (1) First, disperse SA3 in 1 / 3 of the total amount of water in the formula at room temperature, stir to form a slurry, then heat to 60°C and continue stirring until completely dissolved to prepare sodium alginate solution. (2) Lauryl alcohol, dodecyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol laurate, isopropyl myristate, dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, and dodecyl carboxylate are mixed in proportion and stirred at 35°C for 40 minutes to obtain a surfactant premix. (3) Add the α-hydroxycarboxylate to the sodium alginate solution from step (1) and stir to dissolve; (4) Under stirring conditions, the surfactant premix from step (2) is slowly added to the mixed solution from step (3), the stirring speed is 300 rpm, and the feeding time is 30 minutes; (5) Add the coordination intermediate stabilizer to the mixing system of step (4) and continue stirring for 25 minutes; add the remaining water and continue stirring until uniform, let stand for 30 minutes to defoam, and obtain the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant.

[0047] Comparative Example 1 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this comparative example is exactly the same as that in Example 1, except that the sodium lactate content is 0.5 parts by weight.

[0048] Comparative Example 2 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this comparative example is exactly the same as that in Example 1, except that the sodium lactate is in parts by weight of 10.

[0049] Comparative Example 3 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this comparative example is exactly the same as that in Example 1, except that the sodium gluconate content is 0.1 parts by weight.

[0050] Comparative Example 4 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this comparative example is exactly the same as that in Example 1, except that the sodium gluconate is in parts by weight of 5.

[0051] Comparative Example 5 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this comparative example is exactly the same as that in Example 1, except that the sodium alginate is SA4.

[0052] Comparative Example 6 The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this comparative example is exactly the same as that in Example 1, except that the sodium alginate is SA5.

[0053] Performance testing The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressants obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were tested for performance according to the following method, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0054] Zeta potential: Dilute the dust suppressant 20 times with water, adjust the sample pH to 7.0±0.2, and measure the Zeta potential of the working solution using a Zeta potential analyzer at 25℃. Mix the diluted solution with 200-mesh limestone dust at a 1:1 mass ratio, stir for 5 minutes, let stand, and take the supernatant for measurement using the same method. Calculate the absolute decrease in Zeta potential before and after mixing.

[0055] Foam performance: The Ross-Miles method was used. The dust suppressant was diluted 20 times with water. 200 mL of the working solution was dropped freely from a height of 450 mm. The initial foam height and the foam height after 5 minutes were recorded, and the foam half-life was calculated.

[0056] Dust suppression efficiency: Limestone dust is spread on a tray at a rate of 1.5 L / m². 2 Spray the working fluid (1:20 dilution), dry it, and then place it under a wind speed of 10 m / s for 10 minutes to erode it. Weigh the dust before and after erode it and calculate the dust suppression efficiency.

[0057] Dust suppression duration: Place the dust tray after spraying the working fluid in the outdoor natural environment, observe the state of the cured layer and conduct wind erosion tests every day. The number of days when the dust suppression efficiency drops below 80% is counted as the dust suppression duration.

[0058] Freeze resistance: Place the working solution (1:20 diluted) in a low temperature constant temperature bath and cool it down at 0.5℃ / min. Record the temperature at which the sample begins to crystallize as the freezing point.

[0059] Storage stability: The dust suppressant concentrate was placed in a 50℃ constant temperature chamber for accelerated storage. Samples were taken every 5 days to observe viscosity changes and gelation phenomena, and the number of days that gelation occurred was recorded.

[0060] Table 2 Performance data of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 .

[0061] As shown in Table 2, the dust suppressants prepared in the embodiments of the present invention all exhibit excellent comprehensive performance: the Zeta potential reduction value reaches 11.4~13.7 mV; the initial foam height is 182~188 mm, the half-life is 31~34 min, and the foam coverage is uniform and long-lasting; the dust suppression efficiency is 91.5%~94.0%, and the effective period is up to 7 days; the freezing point is ≤-10℃, and the antifreeze performance is good; there is no gelation after 60 days of accelerated storage, and the stability is excellent.

[0062] A comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shows that the Zeta potential reduction in Example 1 reached 13.7 mV, while that in Comparative Example 1 was only 7.6 mV. Furthermore, Comparative Example 1 had lower initial foam height and half-life than Example 1, a dust suppression efficiency of only 78.5%, a dust suppression duration of only 3 days, and a freezing point of only -3°C. The main reason for this is the lower sodium lactate content and insufficient α-hydroxycarboxylate content in Comparative Example 1, which significantly weakened its polydentate coordination synergistic effect with sodium alginate, thus failing to effectively neutralize the free charge in the system.

[0063] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 shows that Comparative Example 2, with 10 parts sodium lactate, exhibited a Zeta potential reduction of only 6.7 mV, an initial foam height of 158 mm, a half-life of 15 min, and a dust suppression efficiency of 68.2%, all significantly lower than Example 1. Although the freezing point dropped to -15°C, other properties were severely degraded. This is because excessive α-hydroxycarboxylate competes with sodium alginate for Ca²⁺ on the dust surface. + This forms soluble small molecule complexes, which inhibits the coordination bridging effect of sodium alginate macromolecules, resulting in the inability to effectively neutralize free charges in the system; at the same time, the solution viscosity is too low, and the foam stability deteriorates.

[0064] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 shows that, in Comparative Example 3, the sodium gluconate content was 0.1 parts. Its initial performance was similar to that of Example 1, but its storage stability was significantly deteriorated, gelling occurring after only 25 days of accelerated storage. This is because the content of the coordination intermediate stabilizer was insufficient, failing to form a adequate buffer to inhibit the reaction between sodium alginate and Ca²⁺. + Irreversible excessive cross-linking leads to gradual gelation during storage.

[0065] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 shows that Comparative Example 4, with a sodium gluconate content of 5 parts, exhibited a Zeta potential reduction of only 7.9 mV, an initial foam height of 162 mm, a half-life of 18 min, a dust suppression efficiency of 72.6%, and a dust suppression duration of only 2 days, all of which are inferior to Example 1. This is because excessive amounts of the coordination intermediate stabilizer will excessively compete for coordination, vying with sodium alginate for Ca²⁺ on the dust surface. + This forms soluble complexes, which interfere with the coordination bridging between sodium alginate macromolecules and dust, leading to a decrease in the neutralization efficiency of dust surface charge. At the same time, the foam performance also deteriorates due to the excessively low viscosity of the system.

[0066] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 shows that Comparative Example 5 uses sodium alginate SA4, which has a higher molecular weight. The Zeta potential reduction of Comparative Example 5 is only 7.7 mV, the initial foam height is 178 mm, the half-life is 25 min, the dust suppression efficiency is 82.3%, and the dust suppression duration is 4 days, all lower than that of Example 1. This is because the steric hindrance effect of the large molecular chain is significant, hindering the interaction between alginate ions and Ca²⁺ on the dust surface. + Rapid contact reduces the kinetic rate of coordination reaction; at the same time, excessively high solution viscosity makes it difficult for the foam generator to spray, affecting the uniformity of foam coverage.

[0067] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 6 shows that Comparative Example 6, which uses sodium alginate SA5, has a lower G content. The Zeta potential reduction of Comparative Example 6 is only 6.7 mV, the initial foam height is 165 mm, the half-life is 19 min, the dust suppression efficiency is 71.4%, and the dust suppression duration is 3 days, all of which are inferior to Example 1. This is because the G unit is sodium alginate and Ca²⁺. + The core active sites for coordination have low G content, which means insufficient binding sites, making it impossible to form a stable dimer or polymer cross-linked network, resulting in poor coordination synergy and insufficient neutralization of dust surface charge.

[0068] At construction sites where the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in this embodiment of the invention has not been applied, there is a large amount of dust and extremely low visibility; after using the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant described in Embodiment 1 of this invention, the dust in the environment is significantly reduced.

[0069] Therefore, this invention creatively designs a bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant. Through the formation of a multidentate coordination system between sodium alginate and α-hydroxycarboxylate, it can undergo a synergistic coordination reaction with metal ions on the dust surface, reducing the absolute value of the Zeta potential of the dust surface by ≥10mV. This transforms hydrophobic dust into a hydrophilic complex, fundamentally solving the problem of the difficulty in wetting hydrophobic dust. Simultaneously, by optimizing the surfactant compounding ratio, the initial foam height is ≥180mm, the half-life is ≥30 minutes, and the foam coverage is uniform and long-lasting. The addition of a coordination intermediate stabilizer effectively inhibits excessive cross-linking, ensuring that the single-agent form does not gel after 60 days of storage. Furthermore, the product is VOC-free, biodegradable, and has antifreeze properties below -10℃, with an on-site dust suppression efficiency of >90% and a dust suppression duration of up to one week. Its overall performance is significantly superior to existing technologies.

[0070] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant, characterized in that, It contains the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts sodium alginate, 1-8 parts α-hydroxycarboxylate, 0.2-2 parts coordination intermediate stabilizer, 6-20 parts lauryl alcohol, 3-15 parts dodecyl vinyl ether, 2-5 parts ethylene glycol lauryl ester, 1-2 parts isopropyl myristate, 2.5-10 parts dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, 1-10 parts dodecyl carboxylate, and 50-200 parts water.

2. The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sodium alginate has a number average molecular weight of 8,000 to 30,000, and the mass content of guluronic acid units is ≥65%.

3. The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of lauryl alcohol to ethylene glycol laurate is 3:1 to 4:1; the mass ratio of dodecyl vinyl ether to dodecyl diethylene glycol ether is 1.2:1 to 1.5:1; and the mass ratio of ethylene glycol laurate to isopropyl myristate is 2:1 to 2.5:

1.

4. The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The coordination intermediate stabilizer is selected from one or more of sodium gluconate, calcium gluconate, or sorbitol.

5. The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The α-hydroxycarboxylic acid salt is selected from one or more of sodium lactate, sodium citrate, or sodium tartrate.

6. The bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The zeta potential of the dust suppressant after being diluted 20 times with water is -30mV to -50mV; and after the diluted solution is mixed with calcium-containing limestone dust at a mass ratio of 1:1, the absolute value of the zeta potential of the supernatant is ≥10mV lower than the absolute value of the zeta potential of the diluted solution itself before mixing.

7. A method for preparing a bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Add sodium alginate to some water and stir to dissolve at 40~60℃ to prepare sodium alginate solution; (2) Mix lauryl alcohol, dodecyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol laurate, isopropyl myristate, dodecyl diethylene glycol ether, and dodecyl carboxylate in proportion and stir at 35-45°C for 20-40 minutes to obtain a surfactant premix. (3) Add the α-hydroxycarboxylate to the sodium alginate solution from step (1) and stir to dissolve; (4) Under stirring conditions, the surfactant premix from step (2) is slowly added to the mixed solution from step (3), with a stirring speed of 300-600 rpm and a feeding time of 10-30 minutes; (5) Add the coordination intermediate stabilizer to the mixing system of step (4) and continue stirring for 15 to 25 minutes; add the remaining water and continue stirring until uniform, let stand to defoam, and obtain the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant.

8. The method for preparing the bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The dissolution process of sodium alginate in step (1) includes: first dispersing sodium alginate in water at 20~30℃, stirring to form a slurry, and then heating to 40~60℃ and continuing to stir until completely dissolved.

9. The method for preparing the bio-based coordination-type foam dust suppressant as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The amount of water used in step (1) is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total amount of water in the formula; the time for standing and defoaming in step (5) is 30 to 60 minutes.

10. The application of the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the bio-based coordination foam dust suppressant prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in the field of dust suppression.