Transformer water mist spray cooling method and system based on closed-loop control

Abstract

This invention discloses a transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method and system based on closed-loop control, belonging to the field of transformer maintenance technology. By introducing a water mist spraying heat dissipation mechanism on the basis of natural heat dissipation and quantifying the heat dissipation process, it achieves precise control of the spraying range and water consumption from the source, improving the utilization rate of heat dissipation resources while ensuring heat dissipation effect. At the same time, an evaluation system is constructed to dynamically adjust the spraying strategy based on the evaluation results, realizing a closed loop of overall heat dissipation control. This allows it to adapt to different environments and operating conditions, balancing heat dissipation efficiency and economy, ensuring the safe and stable operation of transformers, and solving the problem of resource waste caused by the difficulty in accurately configuring heat dissipation resources in existing transformer heat dissipation methods that rely mainly on passive temperature threshold alarms and experience-based maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transformer maintenance technology, specifically to a transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method and system based on closed-loop control. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of continuously rising grid loads and accelerated energy structure transformation, transformers, as core equipment in power system transmission and distribution, have long faced the risk of thermal failure under high-temperature and high-load conditions. Their heat dissipation efficiency directly affects the safe, efficient, and low-carbon operation requirements of the new power system. Existing transformer heat dissipation methods mainly include ice cooling, mist cannon cooling, and industrial fan cooling. These methods suffer from drawbacks such as high cost, low precision in water output control, dust accumulation, and high noise, making it difficult to meet actual engineering needs. Furthermore, traditional heat dissipation management relies primarily on passive temperature threshold alarms and experience-based maintenance, lacking dynamic analysis and quantitative assessment of the entire process of heat generation, transfer, and dissipation. The assessment dimensions are singular, and data integration is insufficient, leading to lagging and inefficient allocation of heat dissipation resources, failing to achieve an optimal balance between safety and energy efficiency. Therefore, a comprehensive heat dissipation optimization system integrating real-time monitoring, intelligent analysis, and precise control is urgently needed to address this issue.

[0003] Chinese patent, publication number CN116525257A, discloses a transformer water spray valve arrangement and cooling control method, which includes three types of spray valves in different locations: top spray valve, side wall spray valve, and environmental spray valve. Through the multi-zone spray valve layout, the transformer heat sink is cooled by three-dimensional spraying from the top, side walls, and surrounding environment. By arranging multiple remote-controlled ball valves on the spray valves, the oil temperature of the transformer inlet pipe is analyzed and judged. Different control logics are used for the oil temperature rise zone and the oil temperature fall zone. Multiple control intervals are set to perform fine and independent control of the ball valves. Intelligent control is achieved according to the transformer load and oil temperature conditions. Although intelligent control of heat dissipation resources during spray cooling is achieved, its precise quantitative control level is limited to starting and stopping according to the transformer temperature change. The control logic is relatively simple and difficult to adapt to different environments and operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the resource waste caused by the reliance on passive temperature threshold alarms and experience-based maintenance in existing transformer cooling methods, which struggle to accurately allocate cooling resources. It provides a closed-loop control-based water mist spray cooling method and system for transformers. By introducing a water mist spray cooling mechanism on top of natural heat dissipation and quantifying the cooling process, it achieves precise control over the spray range and water consumption from the source, improving the utilization rate of cooling resources while ensuring effective cooling. Furthermore, an evaluation system is constructed to dynamically adjust the spray strategy based on the evaluation results, achieving a closed-loop overall cooling control. This allows for adaptation to different environments and operating conditions, balancing cooling efficiency and economy, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the transformer.

[0005] In a first aspect, one technical solution provided in this embodiment of the invention is: a transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control, comprising the following steps: S1. Install water mist spraying equipment on the transformer radiator and construct a steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer based on the known natural heat dissipation mechanism of the transformer. S2. The effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is obtained by using the basic structural parameters of the main transformer radiator as input to the steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer; the effective heat dissipation area is determined based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. S3. Determine the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop; spray water mist within the effective heat dissipation area based on the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer. S4. Construct a heat dissipation effect evaluation index system, obtain the score of each index based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying; compare the scores of each index, and dynamically adjust the spraying strategy based on the comparison results.

[0006] This solution constructs a thermal balance model by integrating natural and water mist spraying heat dissipation mechanisms. The effective heat dissipation area is calculated using radiator structural parameters, and the spraying zone is delineated, achieving precise spraying range from the source and avoiding ineffective spraying. Water consumption is determined based on the effective heat dissipation area and target temperature drop, enabling quantitative water management and significantly improving water resource utilization, thus solving the problem of wasted traditional heat dissipation resources. An evaluation index system is constructed, combining post-spraying transformer operation and environmental parameters to obtain index scores. The spraying strategy is dynamically adjusted based on these scores, forming a closed loop of "modeling-calculation-spraying-evaluation-control." This achieves proactive and precise oil temperature control, effectively improving heat dissipation efficiency, reducing the risk of thermal failure, and adapting to different operating conditions, balancing safety, efficiency, and economy.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, a water mist spraying device is installed on the transformer radiator, and a steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer is constructed based on the known natural heat dissipation mechanism of the transformer, including the following steps: The transformer's natural heat dissipation mechanism is as follows: under natural heat dissipation conditions, the heat transfer coefficient of the radiator is determined based on the heat exchange surface area, heat sink property parameters, and heat transfer coefficient of the radiator. A water mist spraying device is installed on the transformer radiator. The spraying coverage rate and water consumption of the water mist spraying device are used as independent variables, and the heat dissipation of the spraying device is used as the dependent variable to construct a calculation equation for the heat dissipation of the spraying device. An equation for calculating the natural heat transfer of a radiator is constructed based on the spray coverage rate and the radiator heat transfer coefficient. Determine the total heat of the main transformer based on the temperature rise of the transformer; Based on the law of conservation of energy, a heat balance equation is constructed with the total heat of the main transformer as the sum of the natural heat exchange of the radiator and the heat dissipation of the spray. By linking the calculation equations for heat dissipation from the spray system, the natural heat exchange of the radiator, and the heat balance equation, a main variable steady-state heat balance model is obtained.

[0008] In this scheme, the heat transfer coefficient is determined by the radiator structure and property parameters, and the total heat of the main transformer is determined by the oil temperature rise, making the calculation of heat generation and natural heat dissipation more accurate and quantifiable, thus overcoming the limitations of empirical estimation. Then, the spray coverage rate and water consumption are set as independent variables to construct the spray heat dissipation equation, transforming the spray heat dissipation effect into a calculable mathematical relationship. At the same time, the natural heat exchange is corrected by combining the spray coverage rate. Finally, multiple equations are linked to form a steady-state thermal balance model, realizing the coupling and quantification of natural heat dissipation and water mist spray heat dissipation, laying a solid theoretical foundation for subsequent accurate calculation of spray parameters and dynamic control of spray strategies.

[0009] Preferably, in S2, the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is obtained by using the basic structural parameters of the main transformer radiator as input to the main transformer steady-state thermal balance model, including the following steps: The basic structural parameters include the unfolded length of the heat sink, the height of the heat sink, the number of heat sinks, the spacing between heat sinks, and the number of heat sink groups; The convection heat dissipation area is obtained by multiplying the heat sink width, unfolded length, heat sink height, and number of heat sinks. The radiative heat dissipation area is obtained based on the convective heat dissipation area and the spacing between the heat sinks; the main transformer heat dissipation coefficient is determined based on the convective heat dissipation area and the radiative heat dissipation area. The effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is obtained by multiplying the sum of the radiative heat dissipation area and the convective heat dissipation area by the main transformer's heat dissipation coefficient and the number of heat sink groups.

[0010] This solution calculates the heat dissipation area by separating convection and radiation, taking into account both core forms of natural heat dissipation in transformers and avoiding the one-sidedness of single-area calculation. It also incorporates key structural parameters such as heat sink spacing and number of groups, and combines them with heat transfer coefficient to comprehensively calculate the effective heat dissipation area, thus making the results more accurate and more in line with the actual operating conditions of the equipment. Furthermore, the calculation results are output as a heat balance model, providing a scientific quantitative basis for subsequent delineation of effective spraying areas and quantitative calculation of spraying water consumption.

[0011] Preferably, in S2, the effective heat dissipation area is determined based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer, including the following steps: The spray radius is calculated with the water mist spraying equipment as the spraying center and the goal of maximizing the coverage of the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. The effective heat dissipation area is determined based on the spray center and spray radius.

[0012] In this solution, the spray radius is calculated and the area is delineated by maximizing the coverage of the effective heat dissipation area. This accurately matches the actual heat dissipation needs of the main transformer and avoids ineffective spraying caused by blindly setting up spray areas, thereby saving water resources significantly. At the same time, it provides a scientific spatial basis for quantitative water mist spraying, which can effectively improve the water film coverage of the heat sink and ensure heat dissipation efficiency from the layout level.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer is determined based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop, including the following steps: The equation for calculating the heat dissipation of the spray includes the equation for the heat absorption of the water film and the equation for the latent heat of vaporization of the water film. Set the water mist vaporization coefficient, and obtain the water mist evaporation rate based on the preset spraying time and water mist vaporization coefficient; The latent heat of water film vaporization is determined based on the equations for water mist evaporation and latent heat of water film vaporization. The heat deviation is obtained by comparing the total heat of the main transformer with the latent heat of water film vaporization. The water consumption for water mist spraying is obtained based on the heat deviation, water specific heat capacity and spraying time.

[0014] In this solution, the heat dissipation of the spray is decomposed into the heat absorption of the water film and the latent heat of vaporization, which accurately quantifies the core phase change heat absorption process of water mist heat dissipation, conforming to the actual heat exchange mechanism. Then, the water mist vaporization coefficient is introduced to calculate the evaporation, allowing the calculation of latent heat of vaporization to break free from the limitations of ideal working conditions, thus better adapting to the actual needs of on-site spraying. By combining the heat deviation with the specific heat capacity of water and the spraying time, the water consumption is deduced, and the effective heat dissipation area is correlated with the target temperature drop. The water consumption can be accurately matched with the actual heat dissipation needs, which not only avoids water waste, but also provides a quantitative basis for subsequent precise spraying to ensure that the temperature drop target is achieved.

[0015] As a preferred option, in S4, a heat dissipation effect evaluation index system is constructed, and the scores of each index are obtained based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying, including the following steps: A heat dissipation effect evaluation index system is constructed using heat dissipation efficiency, water consumption, and temperature control accuracy as evaluation indicators. Collect the transformer temperature, spray heat dissipation power and real-time water consumption after the spraying starts. Determine the temperature drop rate based on the time it takes for the transformer temperature to drop to the target temperature drop temperature. Determine the heat dissipation efficiency score based on the temperature drop rate. The actual water consumption is predicted based on the spray heat dissipation power and real-time water consumption to reduce the transformer temperature to the target temperature drop temperature. The water consumption score is determined based on the deviation between the actual water consumption and the main transformer water mist spray water consumption. The temperature control accuracy score is determined based on the deviation between the maximum and minimum fluctuation values ​​in the temperature fluctuation curve of the transformer after reaching the target temperature drop.

[0016] This solution comprehensively considers three key indicators—heat dissipation efficiency, water consumption, and temperature control accuracy—while also taking into account heat dissipation performance, resource conservation, and operational stability. The scoring logic closely aligns with actual sprinkler operation conditions. Based on real-time collected operating parameters, each indicator is quantified using temperature drop rate, water consumption deviation, and temperature fluctuation values ​​to obtain an indicator score. The scoring results are objective, accurate, and quantifiable, overcoming the limitations of traditional experience-based assessments. Furthermore, it provides a clear quantitative basis for subsequent dynamic adjustment of sprinkler strategies, accurately identifying shortcomings in sprinkler management and control, supporting the implementation of closed-loop control, and making sprinkler strategy adjustments more targeted, achieving the optimal balance between heat dissipation efficiency and resource utilization.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the scores of each indicator are compared numerically, and the spraying strategy is dynamically adjusted based on the comparison results, including the following steps: The scores of each indicator are weighted and summed based on the preset indicator weights to obtain a comprehensive score. If the comprehensive score is less than the comprehensive score threshold, the scores of each indicator are compared with the indicator score threshold. If the heat dissipation efficiency score is less than the index score threshold, the property parameters of the water mist spray equipment nozzle will be adjusted; the property parameters include nozzle pitch angle, spray pressure and atomized particle size. If the water resource consumption score is less than the indicator score threshold, the water consumption for water mist spraying will be adjusted based on the current environmental parameters. If the temperature control accuracy score is less than the target score threshold, the water output rate of the water mist spraying equipment will be dynamically adjusted based on the deviation between the transformer temperature and the target temperature drop.

[0018] In this solution, a comprehensive score is first obtained by weighting the indicators to take into account multiple dimensions of heat dissipation goals, thus avoiding the one-sidedness of judging by a single indicator and comprehensively measuring the operating effect of the sprinkler system. At the same time, targeted adjustments are made for different low-scoring indicators: when the heat dissipation efficiency is insufficient, the sprinkler parameters are adjusted; when water consumption exceeds the standard, the water consumption is corrected; and when the temperature control accuracy is poor, the water output rate is adjusted. This accurately locates the problem and implements solutions, avoiding blind adjustments. Moreover, the adjustments are based on real-time evaluation results, forming a complete closed loop with the previous model calculations and precise sprinkler system. This allows the system to adapt to changes in the environment and equipment operating conditions, ensuring that the sprinkler strategy always matches the actual heat dissipation needs. This ensures both heat dissipation effect and resource conservation, and improves the level of intelligent control of the system.

[0019] Secondly, one technical solution provided in this embodiment of the invention is: a transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation system based on closed-loop control, including a water mist spraying device, a heat balance control module, a monitoring module, an index evaluation module, and a drive module; The water mist spraying equipment is installed on the transformer's radiator; The thermal balance control module is equipped with a main transformer steady-state thermal balance model, and uses the basic structural parameters of the main transformer radiator as the input of the main transformer steady-state thermal balance model to obtain the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. At the same time, it determines the effective heat dissipation area based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. The heat balance control module determines the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop. The drive module sprays water mist within the effective heat dissipation area based on the water consumption of the main transformer water mist spraying system. The monitoring module monitors the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying. The indicator evaluation module is equipped with a heat dissipation effect evaluation indicator system, and obtains scores for each indicator based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters. The scores of each indicator are compared numerically, and the drive module dynamically adjusts the spraying strategy based on the comparison results.

[0020] In this solution, a corresponding system is built to integrate the transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method, thereby realizing human-computer interaction and improving the user experience.

[0021] Thirdly, one technical solution provided in this embodiment of the invention is: a computer device, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; the memory is used to store computer programs; the processor is used to execute the program stored in the memory to implement the steps of the transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control.

[0022] Fourthly, one technical solution provided in this embodiment of the invention is: a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By introducing a water mist spraying heat dissipation mechanism on the basis of natural heat dissipation and quantifying the heat dissipation process, this invention achieves precise control of the spraying range and the quantitative management of spraying water volume from the source, thereby improving the utilization rate of heat dissipation resources while ensuring heat dissipation effect. At the same time, an evaluation system is constructed to dynamically adjust the spraying strategy based on the evaluation results, realizing a closed loop of overall heat dissipation control. This allows it to adapt to different environments and operating conditions, taking into account both heat dissipation efficiency and economy, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of transformers.

[0024] The above description of the invention is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a specific implementation process of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transformer water mist spray cooling system based on closed-loop control according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only one preferred embodiment of this invention and are only used to explain this invention. They do not limit the scope of protection of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0028] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. Furthermore, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but it may also have additional steps not included in the figures; the process may correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc.

[0029] Example 1: To address the resource waste caused by the reliance on passive temperature threshold alarms and experience-based maintenance in existing transformer cooling methods, which struggle to accurately allocate cooling resources, this example provides a transformer water mist spray cooling method based on closed-loop control. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1: Install water mist spraying equipment on the transformer radiator and construct a steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer based on the known natural heat dissipation mechanism of the transformer.

[0030] In this embodiment, a water mist spraying device is installed on the transformer radiator, and a steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer is constructed in conjunction with the transformer's natural heat dissipation mechanism, including the following steps: The transformer's natural heat dissipation mechanism is as follows: under natural heat dissipation conditions, the heat transfer coefficient of the radiator is determined based on the heat exchange surface area, heat sink property parameters, and heat transfer coefficient of the radiator. A water mist spraying device is installed on the transformer radiator. The spraying coverage rate and water consumption of the water mist spraying device are used as independent variables, and the heat dissipation of the spraying device is used as the dependent variable to construct a calculation equation for the heat dissipation of the spraying device. An equation for calculating the natural heat transfer of a radiator is constructed based on the spray coverage rate and the radiator heat transfer coefficient. Determine the total heat of the main transformer based on the temperature rise of the transformer; Based on the law of conservation of energy, a heat balance equation is constructed with the total heat of the main transformer as the sum of the natural heat exchange of the radiator and the heat dissipation of the spray. By linking the calculation equations for heat dissipation from the spray system, the natural heat exchange of the radiator, and the heat balance equation, a main variable steady-state heat balance model is obtained.

[0031] Specifically, the calculation process for the heat transfer coefficient of the radiator is as follows: in, The total thermal resistance of the heat sink. For heat exchange surface area, For the thickness of the heatsink, The thermal conductivity of the heatsink. The transformer oil-side convective heat transfer coefficient is... The air-side convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer. is the heat transfer coefficient of the radiator.

[0032] The formula for calculating the natural heat transfer of a radiator is expressed as follows: in, This refers to the natural heat exchange of the radiator under natural heat dissipation conditions. The heat exchange temperature difference is the difference between the oil temperature in the radiator and the air temperature. The oil temperature in the plate-type radiator. This refers to the air temperature inside the finned heatsink.

[0033] The formula for calculating the heat dissipation of the spray system is as follows: in, The water film on the radiator fins absorbs heat. The latent heat of vaporization of the water film on the heat sink. This represents the amount of water already used for spraying. The temperature difference between the water inlet and outlet. The vaporization mass of water. It is the heat of vaporization of water, typically 539 kcal / kg.

[0034] Considering that spraying may not completely cover the heat sink fins in the radiator, there may still be some areas that can only be cooled naturally. Therefore, the calculation equation for natural heat transfer under spraying cooling environment is as follows: in This refers to the area of ​​the dry zone of the radiator outside the spray coverage area. This is the difference between the ambient temperature and the temperature of the heat sink.

[0035] By relating the above equations, we obtain the steady-state thermal equilibrium model of the main variable, which is expressed as follows: in The heat generated by the main variable, This refers to the specific heat capacity of transformer oil, typically taken as 1.64. , For the quality of transformer oil, This represents the change in oil temperature.

[0036] This embodiment determines the heat transfer coefficient by analyzing the radiator structure and properties, and determines the total heat of the main transformer by combining the oil temperature rise, making the calculation of heat generation and natural heat dissipation more accurate and quantifiable, thus overcoming the limitations of empirical estimation. Furthermore, it constructs a spray heat dissipation equation by setting the spray coverage rate and water consumption as independent variables, transforming the spray heat dissipation effect into a calculable mathematical relationship, while simultaneously correcting for natural heat exchange based on the spray coverage rate. Finally, it connects multiple equations to form a steady-state thermal balance model, achieving the coupled quantification of natural heat dissipation and water mist spray heat dissipation, laying a solid theoretical foundation for subsequent accurate calculation of spray parameters and dynamic control of spray strategies.

[0037] S2: The effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is obtained by using the basic structural parameters of the main transformer radiator as input to the steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer; the effective heat dissipation area is determined based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer.

[0038] In this embodiment, the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is obtained by using the basic structural parameters of the main transformer radiator as input to the main transformer steady-state thermal balance model, including the following steps: The basic structural parameters include the unfolded length of the heat sink, the height of the heat sink, the number of heat sinks, the spacing between heat sinks, and the number of heat sink groups; The convection heat dissipation area is obtained by multiplying the heat sink width, unfolded length, heat sink height, and number of heat sinks. The radiative heat dissipation area is obtained based on the convective heat dissipation area and the spacing between the heat sinks; the main transformer heat dissipation coefficient is determined based on the convective heat dissipation area and the radiative heat dissipation area. The effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is obtained by multiplying the sum of the radiative heat dissipation area and the convective heat dissipation area by the main transformer's heat dissipation coefficient and the number of heat sink groups.

[0039] Specifically, considering the different cooling methods, number of radiator unit boxes, and structures and dimensions of the radiators in each main transformer, it is first necessary to calculate the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer radiators. The calculation process for the convective heat dissipation area is as follows: in For convection heat dissipation area, The width of the heatsink is the unfolded length. For the height of the heatsink, This represents the number of heat sinks.

[0040] The calculation process for radiative heat dissipation is as follows: in, The main transformer's radiative heat dissipation area. This refers to the inter-piece spacing.

[0041] The calculation process for the main transformer's heat dissipation coefficient is as follows: Further calculation of the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is as follows: in The effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. This is a correction factor for the number of wafers. The number of heat sink groups depends on the main transformer. Generally, a 35kV main transformer has 10-12 heat sink groups, and a 110kV main transformer has 12-16 heat sink groups. This is the inter-film spacing correction factor. The thickness is measured in mm.

[0042] The inter-film spacing correction factor and the film number correction factor are shown in Table 1 and Table 2: Table 1. Inter-film spacing correction factor 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.73 Table 2. Correction Factors for Number of Flakes Number of pieces 3 5 7 9-11 13-15 17-19 21-23 25-27 29 1.1 1.06 1.02 1 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.93 Taking a main transformer with 10 radiators as an example, the unfolded length of the fins... The height of the piece is 535cm. 1900cm, number of pieces It consists of 26 pieces, with a spacing between the pieces. The inter-film spacing correction factor is 36cm. The correction factor for the number of wafers is 0.9. The heat dissipation coefficient of the main transformer is 0.94. If the value is 0.67, then the effective heat dissipation area is approximately 296.5m². 2 .

[0043] This embodiment calculates the heat dissipation area separately for convection and radiation, taking into account the two core forms of natural heat dissipation of transformers and avoiding the one-sidedness of single area calculation. At the same time, it incorporates key structural parameters such as heat sink spacing and number of groups, and combines the heat transfer coefficient to comprehensively calculate the effective heat dissipation area, so as to make the results more accurate and more in line with the actual operating conditions of the equipment. Furthermore, the calculation results are output as a heat balance model, providing a scientific quantitative basis for subsequent delineation of effective spraying areas and quantitative calculation of spraying water consumption.

[0044] In this embodiment, determining the effective heat dissipation area based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer includes the following steps: The spray radius is calculated with the water mist spraying equipment as the spraying center and the goal of maximizing the coverage of the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. The effective heat dissipation area is determined based on the spray center and spray radius.

[0045] This embodiment calculates the spray radius and delineates the area by maximizing the coverage of the effective heat dissipation area, which accurately matches the actual heat dissipation needs of the main transformer and avoids ineffective spraying caused by blindly setting the spray area, thereby saving water resources significantly. At the same time, it provides a scientific spatial basis for quantitative water mist spraying, which can effectively improve the water film coverage of the heat sink and ensure heat dissipation efficiency from the layout level.

[0046] S3: Determine the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop; spray water mist within the effective heat dissipation area based on the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer.

[0047] In this embodiment, the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer is determined based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop, including the following steps: The equation for calculating the heat dissipation of the spray includes the equation for the heat absorption of the water film and the equation for the latent heat of vaporization of the water film. Set the water mist vaporization coefficient, and obtain the water mist evaporation rate based on the preset spraying time and water mist vaporization coefficient; The latent heat of water film vaporization is determined based on the equations for water mist evaporation and latent heat of water film vaporization. The heat deviation is obtained by comparing the total heat of the main transformer with the latent heat of water film vaporization. The water consumption for water mist spraying is obtained based on the heat deviation, water specific heat capacity and spraying time.

[0048] Specifically, the formula for calculating the water consumption for water mist spraying is as follows: Let be the specific heat capacity of water, taken as 4.2. , This refers to the duration of action.

[0049] For example, in a main transformer water mist spray cooling system, assuming the main transformer oil tank contains 14600L of oil, and the target temperature is a 5°C reduction, the required water volume would be... The capacity is 296L. However, considering that water temperature may be affected by the environment, the actual water consumption range is between 254 and 296L.

[0050] This embodiment decomposes the heat dissipation of the spray into the heat absorption of the water film and the latent heat of vaporization, accurately quantifying the core phase change heat absorption process of water mist heat dissipation, which is consistent with the actual heat exchange mechanism. Furthermore, the water mist vaporization coefficient is introduced to calculate the evaporation, allowing the calculation of latent heat of vaporization to break free from the limitations of ideal working conditions, thus better adapting to the actual needs of on-site spraying. By combining the heat deviation with the specific heat capacity of water and the spraying time to infer the water consumption, and by linking the effective heat dissipation area with the target temperature drop, the water consumption can be accurately matched with the actual heat dissipation needs, which not only avoids water waste, but also provides a quantitative basis for subsequent precise spraying to ensure that the temperature drop target is achieved.

[0051] S4: Construct a heat dissipation effect evaluation index system, obtain scores for each index based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying; compare the scores of each index numerically, and dynamically adjust the spraying strategy based on the comparison results.

[0052] In this embodiment, a heat dissipation effect evaluation index system is constructed, and the scores of each index are obtained based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying, including the following steps: A heat dissipation effect evaluation index system is constructed using heat dissipation efficiency, water consumption, and temperature control accuracy as evaluation indicators. Collect the transformer temperature, spray heat dissipation power and real-time water consumption after the spraying starts. Determine the temperature drop rate based on the time it takes for the transformer temperature to drop to the target temperature drop temperature. Determine the heat dissipation efficiency score based on the temperature drop rate. The actual water consumption is predicted based on the spray heat dissipation power and real-time water consumption to reduce the transformer temperature to the target temperature drop temperature. The water consumption score is determined based on the deviation between the actual water consumption and the main transformer water mist spray water consumption. The temperature control accuracy score is determined based on the deviation between the maximum and minimum fluctuation values ​​in the temperature fluctuation curve of the transformer after reaching the target temperature drop.

[0053] For example, if the temperature drop rate is 20℃ / min, the heat dissipation efficiency score is 100 points. For every subsequent 2℃ / min decrease, the score decreases by 10 points. If the score is below 60 points, the score is unqualified.

[0054] This embodiment selects three major indicators—heat dissipation efficiency, water consumption, and temperature control accuracy—to comprehensively consider heat dissipation effect, resource conservation, and operational stability. The scoring logic closely aligns with actual sprinkler operation conditions. Based on real-time collected operating parameters, each indicator is quantified and scored using temperature drop rate, water consumption deviation, and temperature fluctuation value. The scoring results are objective, accurate, and quantifiable, overcoming the limitations of traditional experience-based assessments. Furthermore, it provides clear quantitative basis for subsequent dynamic adjustment of sprinkler strategies, accurately identifying shortcomings in sprinkler management, supporting the implementation of closed-loop control, and making sprinkler strategy adjustments more targeted, achieving the optimal balance between heat dissipation efficiency and resource utilization.

[0055] In this embodiment, the scores of each indicator are compared numerically, and the spraying strategy is dynamically adjusted based on the comparison results, including the following steps: The scores of each indicator are weighted and summed based on the preset indicator weights to obtain a comprehensive score. If the comprehensive score is less than the comprehensive score threshold, the scores of each indicator are compared with the indicator score threshold. If the heat dissipation efficiency score is less than the index score threshold, the property parameters of the water mist spray equipment nozzle will be adjusted; the property parameters include nozzle pitch angle, spray pressure and atomized particle size. If the water resource consumption score is less than the indicator score threshold, the water consumption for water mist spraying will be adjusted based on the current environmental parameters. If the temperature control accuracy score is less than the target score threshold, the water output rate of the water mist spraying equipment will be dynamically adjusted based on the deviation between the transformer temperature and the target temperature drop.

[0056] Specifically, when the index score is low, such as a low heat dissipation efficiency score, it is determined that the water film coverage is insufficient. This may be due to reasons such as nozzle layout deviation, unreasonable pitch angle, excessively low spray pressure, or excessive atomized particle size. In this case, the nozzle pitch angle / spray pressure and atomized particle size should be adjusted.

[0057] To better illustrate the specific heat dissipation situation, the heat dissipation power during water mist spraying can be calculated, as expressed by the following formula: in The logarithmic mean temperature difference The temperature difference between the hot flow inlet and the cold flow outlet. The temperature difference between the hot flow outlet and the cold flow inlet. It is the natural logarithm. This represents the effective heat dissipation power of the transformer, used to quantify the heat dissipation during water mist spraying.

[0058] This embodiment first obtains a comprehensive score by weighting the indicators to take into account multiple dimensions of heat dissipation goals, thereby avoiding the one-sidedness of judging by a single indicator and comprehensively measuring the operating effect of the sprinkler system. At the same time, targeted adjustments are made for different low-scoring indicators: when the heat dissipation efficiency is insufficient, the sprinkler parameters are adjusted; when water consumption exceeds the standard, the water consumption is corrected; and when the temperature control accuracy is poor, the water output rate is adjusted. This accurately locates the problem and implements solutions, avoiding blind adjustments. Moreover, the adjustments are based on real-time evaluation results, forming a complete closed loop with the previous model calculations and precise sprinkler system. This allows the system to adapt to changes in the environment and equipment operating conditions, ensuring that the sprinkler strategy always matches the actual heat dissipation needs. This ensures both heat dissipation effect and resource conservation, and improves the level of intelligent control of the system.

[0059] Specifically, taking the main transformer of a 110kV substation (summer peak demand, ambient temperature 35℃, target temperature drop 5℃) as an example, the spray cooling process is implemented, such as... Figure 2As shown, the raw data of the transformer of the main transformer is first collected according to a certain data acquisition cycle, including a series of parameters that affect the heat dissipation capacity of the transformer, such as the unfolded length of the heat sink, the height of the heat sink, the number of heat sinks, the spacing between heat sinks and the number of heat sink groups, the heat exchange surface area of ​​the radiator, the heat sink property parameters, the heat transfer coefficient and environmental parameters. Then, the above data is preprocessed. Based on the known heat conduction process of the radiator during natural heat dissipation, the heat transfer coefficient is calculated according to the heat exchange surface area, thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient of the radiator.

[0060] Then, based on the oil temperature rise, the total heat of the main transformer was determined to be 107988 kcal. Spray cooling equipment was introduced into the main transformer, and the impact of water mist cooling on the transformer's own heat dissipation capacity was analyzed. The spray cooling amount equation was established with the spray coverage rate and water consumption as independent variables, and the natural heat exchange equation was corrected based on the coverage rate. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total heat = natural heat exchange + spray cooling amount was used to obtain the steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer by relating the three equations.

[0061] The basic structural data of the heat sink, including a width of 535cm, a height of 1900cm, a quantity of 26 fins, a spacing of 36cm, and 14 groups, were then adjusted according to the correction factors in Tables 1 and 2. Based on the adjusted data, the convection heat dissipation area was first calculated, and then the radiation heat dissipation area was obtained by combining the fin spacing. Finally, the effective heat dissipation area was calculated to be approximately 296.5m². 2 With the spray nozzle as the center, calculate the spray radius of 1.5m and delineate the effective heat dissipation area with full coverage. With a water mist vaporization coefficient of 0.9 and a spraying time of 10 hours, the evaporation rate is 20 L / h. The latent heat of vaporization is calculated using the latent heat of vaporization equation, and the heat deviation is obtained by combining the total heat. Based on the specific heat capacity of water and the spraying time, the theoretical water consumption is 296 L, and the actual water consumption is determined to be 254~296 L. The water is sprayed quantitatively within the effective area.

[0062] Finally, an index system for heat dissipation efficiency, water consumption, and temperature control accuracy is constructed. Data is collected after spraying; a high score for heat dissipation efficiency is awarded for a temperature drop rate meeting the standard; a high score for water consumption is awarded for a small deviation between actual and theoretical water usage; and a high score for temperature control accuracy is awarded for temperature fluctuations ≤2℃. If the weighted comprehensive score meets the standard, the strategy is maintained; if it does not, the following adjustments are made: low heat dissipation efficiency is addressed by adjusting the nozzle pitch angle and spray pressure; excessive water consumption is addressed by correcting water usage; and poor temperature control is addressed by adjusting the water output rate, thus completing closed-loop control. After the heat dissipation process is completed, the heat dissipation power and temperature change curves can be analyzed to evaluate the overall heat dissipation effect.

[0063] Example 2: This example also provides a transformer water mist spray cooling system based on closed-loop control, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes a water mist spraying device, a heat balance control module, a monitoring module, an index evaluation module, and a drive module; The water mist spraying equipment is installed on the transformer's radiator; The thermal balance control module is equipped with a main transformer steady-state thermal balance model, and uses the basic structural parameters of the main transformer radiator as the input of the main transformer steady-state thermal balance model to obtain the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. At the same time, it determines the effective heat dissipation area based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. The heat balance control module determines the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop. The drive module sprays water mist within the effective heat dissipation area based on the water consumption of the main transformer water mist spraying system. The monitoring module monitors the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying. The indicator evaluation module is equipped with a heat dissipation effect evaluation indicator system, and obtains scores for each indicator based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters. The scores of each indicator are compared numerically, and the drive module dynamically adjusts the spraying strategy based on the comparison results.

[0064] By constructing a corresponding system to integrate the transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method in this solution, human-computer interaction is realized, improving the user experience.

[0065] Specifically, this embodiment of the water mist spray cooling system includes a main pipe, branch pipes, nozzles, a water supply pump, a high-pressure component, and valves. Regarding material selection, the main pipe can be made of high-strength PVC water pipe. The branch pipes connect to adjustable copper nozzles with automatic oscillation function, secured with PVC-specific fasteners. The water supply pump and high-pressure component are switched via a three-way valve. During pipe laying, the main pipe is arranged parallel to the outside of the heat sink, 20-30cm from the heat sink surface. Expansion bolts are used to lock the PVC fasteners to the transformer tank bracket, ensuring pipe vibration amplitude is less than 1mm to maintain equipment stability during operation. During equipment installation, the water supply pump can be installed at the water tank outlet, equipped with a pressure sensor and frequency converter. The high-pressure component is connected to the main pipe inlet, with an output pressure set to 0.3-0.5MPa. A three-way valve is used, installed at the pump outlet, to switch between direct supply and circulation modes.

[0066] When positioning the nozzles in the water mist spraying equipment, each finned radiator should correspond to one copper nozzle, with a horizontal spacing of about 1.5m. The pitch angle of the copper nozzles is adjusted by using a universal joint so that the atomization cone angle of the water mist covers the height of the radiator, achieving a high water film coverage rate and a good heat dissipation effect.

[0067] Before deployment, the system requires pressure calibration and debugging. The pressure reducing valve is adjusted to stabilize the nozzle inlet pressure at 0.25 MPa, ensuring the atomized particle diameter is between 10-100 μm. The adjustable copper nozzle's oscillation amplitude is set to ±15° and the frequency to 2 Hz, ensuring an overlap rate of ≥20% between adjacent nozzle coverage areas. The system is then connected to the main transformer monitoring and control system to verify the logic of automatic start-up when oil temperature exceeds limits and automatic stop when load decreases, with a response delay of <10 seconds. Key control points include: PVC pipe bending radius > 8 times pipe diameter, axial deviation between the copper nozzle and the heat sink < 5° (to prevent spray misalignment), and fixing component spacing ≤ 1.2m. Ultimately, a continuous and uniform water film coverage on the heat sink surface is achieved, improving heat dissipation efficiency by ≥25%. The spray cooling system is activated when the temperature difference between the main transformer and the ambient temperature exceeds 20°C.

[0068] In this embodiment, the thermal balance control module controls the drive module using PID control. The monitoring module collects real-time transformer operating parameters, such as oil temperature, load, ambient temperature, and the temperature difference between the transformer inlet and outlet of the heat sink. If the temperature difference between the transformer and the ambient temperature exceeds 20°C, the spray cooling system is activated. The high-voltage component pressurizes the water in the tank and atomizes it into 10-100μm microparticles through segmented nozzles, spraying them onto the heat sink. The water pump replenishes the water in the tank to maintain stable water pressure. The water mist spraying device evenly covers the heat sink through the nozzles, forming a water film that absorbs heat. Meanwhile, the monitoring module also monitors the transformer status feedback data. Based on this feedback data, such as spray pressure and water film coverage, the thermal balance control module adjusts the water output and timing using a thermal balance model and PID control method. This drives the water pump and high-voltage component to adjust parameters such as flow rate and pressure. The input to the PID control loop is the oil temperature deviation, and the output is the water pump output. The decision-making basis of the thermal balance control module in this embodiment is the main transformer steady-state thermal balance model. Its purpose is to maintain the main transformer oil temperature below the upper limit of the allowable oil temperature to ensure operation within a safe and stable range. When adjustment is required, the water supply pump sends an instruction to adjust the water output according to the control quantity and sends an instruction to adjust the spray pressure to the high-voltage component. The high-voltage component feeds back the spray pressure to the core control unit in real time to form a closed-loop adjustment to improve the heat dissipation effect and reduce the transformer heat dissipation water consumption.

[0069] This embodiment also provides a computer device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory is used to store computer programs; When the processor executes the program stored in memory, it implements a transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control.

[0070] The communication bus mentioned in the above electronic devices can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect Standard (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0071] The communication interface is used for communication between the aforementioned electronic devices and other devices.

[0072] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0073] The processors mentioned above can be general-purpose processors, including central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), etc.; they can also be digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0074] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which is executed by a processor as a transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control.

[0075] As can be seen from the above embodiments, it has at least the following substantial effects: (1) This invention constructs a heat balance model by integrating natural and water mist spraying heat dissipation mechanisms, calculates the effective heat dissipation area based on radiator structural parameters and delineates the spraying area, thereby achieving precise spraying range from the source and avoiding ineffective spraying; (2) This invention determines water consumption based on effective heat dissipation area and target temperature drop, thereby achieving quantitative control of water consumption, which greatly improves water resource utilization and solves the problem of waste of traditional heat dissipation resources; (3) This invention constructs an evaluation index system, combines the operation of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying to obtain index scores, and dynamically adjusts the spraying strategy according to the scores to form a closed loop of "modeling-calculation-spraying-evaluation-control". This achieves active and precise control of oil temperature, effectively improves heat dissipation efficiency, reduces the risk of thermal failure, and can adapt to different working conditions, taking into account safety, efficiency and economy.

[0076] The specific embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the specific scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, these specific embodiments. All equivalent changes made in accordance with the shape and structure of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Install water mist spraying equipment on the transformer radiator and construct a steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer based on the known natural heat dissipation mechanism of the transformer. S2. The effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is obtained by using the basic structural parameters of the main transformer radiator as input to the steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer; the effective heat dissipation area is determined based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. S3. Determine the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop; spray water mist within the effective heat dissipation area based on the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer. S4. Construct a heat dissipation effect evaluation index system, obtain the score of each index based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying; compare the scores of each index, and dynamically adjust the spraying strategy based on the comparison results.

2. The transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, a water mist spraying device is installed on the transformer radiator, and a steady-state thermal balance model of the main transformer is constructed based on the known natural heat dissipation mechanism of the transformer, including the following steps: The transformer's natural heat dissipation mechanism is as follows: under natural heat dissipation conditions, the heat transfer coefficient of the radiator is determined based on the heat exchange surface area, heat sink property parameters, and heat transfer coefficient of the radiator. A water mist spraying device is installed on the transformer radiator. The spraying coverage rate and water consumption of the water mist spraying device are used as independent variables, and the heat dissipation of the spraying device is used as the dependent variable to construct a calculation equation for the heat dissipation of the spraying device. An equation for calculating the natural heat transfer of a radiator is constructed based on the spray coverage rate and the radiator heat transfer coefficient. Determine the total heat of the main transformer based on the temperature rise of the transformer; Based on the law of conservation of energy, a heat balance equation is constructed with the total heat of the main transformer as the sum of the natural heat exchange of the radiator and the heat dissipation of the spray. By linking the calculation equations for heat dissipation from the spray system, the natural heat exchange of the radiator, and the heat balance equation, a main variable steady-state heat balance model is obtained.

3. The transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, the basic structural parameters include the unfolded length of the heat sink, the height of the heat sink, the number of heat sinks, the spacing between heat sinks, and the number of heat sink groups; obtaining the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer by using the basic structural parameters of the main transformer heat sink as input to the main transformer steady-state thermal balance model includes the following steps: The convection heat dissipation area is obtained by multiplying the heat sink width, unfolded length, heat sink height, and number of heat sinks. The radiative heat dissipation area is obtained based on the convective heat dissipation area and the spacing between the heat sinks. The heat dissipation coefficient of the main transformer is determined based on the convective heat dissipation area and the radiative heat dissipation area. The effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer is obtained by multiplying the sum of the radiative heat dissipation area and the convective heat dissipation area by the main transformer's heat dissipation coefficient and the number of heat sink groups.

4. The transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, the effective heat dissipation area is determined based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer, including the following steps: The spray radius is calculated with the water mist spraying equipment as the spraying center and the goal of maximizing the coverage of the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. The effective heat dissipation area is determined based on the spray center and spray radius.

5. The transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the calculation equation for the heat dissipation of the spray includes the water film heat absorption equation and the water film latent heat of vaporization equation; the determination of the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop includes the following steps: Set the water mist vaporization coefficient, and obtain the water mist evaporation rate based on the preset spraying time and water mist vaporization coefficient; The latent heat of water film vaporization is determined based on the equations for water mist evaporation and latent heat of water film vaporization. The heat deviation is obtained by comparing the total heat of the main transformer with the latent heat of water film vaporization. The water consumption for water mist spraying is obtained based on the heat deviation, water specific heat capacity and spraying time.

6. The transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, a heat dissipation effect evaluation index system is constructed. The scores of each index are obtained based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying. The following steps are included: constructing a heat dissipation effect evaluation index system with heat dissipation efficiency, water resource consumption and temperature control accuracy as evaluation indicators. Collect the transformer temperature, spray heat dissipation power and real-time water consumption after the spraying starts. Determine the temperature drop rate based on the time it takes for the transformer temperature to drop to the target temperature drop temperature. Determine the heat dissipation efficiency score based on the temperature drop rate. The actual water consumption is predicted based on the spray heat dissipation power and real-time water consumption to reduce the transformer temperature to the target temperature drop temperature. The water consumption score is determined based on the deviation between the actual water consumption and the main transformer water mist spray water consumption. The temperature control accuracy score is determined based on the deviation between the maximum and minimum fluctuation values ​​in the temperature fluctuation curve of the transformer after reaching the target temperature drop.

7. The transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S4, the scores of each indicator are compared numerically, and the spraying strategy is dynamically adjusted based on the comparison results. This includes the following steps: the scores of each indicator are weighted and summed based on the preset indicator weights to obtain a comprehensive score. If the comprehensive score is less than the comprehensive score threshold, the scores of each indicator are compared with the indicator score threshold. If the heat dissipation efficiency score is less than the index score threshold, the property parameters of the water mist spray equipment nozzle will be adjusted; the property parameters include nozzle pitch angle, spray pressure and atomized particle size. If the water resource consumption score is less than the indicator score threshold, the water consumption for water mist spraying will be adjusted based on the current environmental parameters. If the temperature control accuracy score is less than the target score threshold, the water output rate of the water mist spraying equipment will be dynamically adjusted based on the deviation between the transformer temperature and the target temperature drop.

8. A transformer water mist spray cooling system based on closed-loop control, applicable to the transformer water mist spray cooling method based on closed-loop control as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: It includes a water mist spraying device, a heat balance control module, a monitoring module, an index evaluation module, and a drive module; The water mist spraying equipment is installed on the transformer's radiator; The thermal balance control module is equipped with a main transformer steady-state thermal balance model, and uses the basic structural parameters of the main transformer radiator as the input of the main transformer steady-state thermal balance model to obtain the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. At the same time, it determines the effective heat dissipation area based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer. The heat balance control module determines the water consumption for water mist spraying of the main transformer based on the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the main transformer and the preset target temperature drop. The drive module sprays water mist within the effective heat dissipation area based on the water consumption of the main transformer water mist spraying system. The monitoring module monitors the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters after spraying. The indicator evaluation module is equipped with a heat dissipation effect evaluation indicator system, and obtains scores for each indicator based on the real-time operating parameters of the main transformer and environmental parameters. The scores of each indicator are compared numerically, and the drive module dynamically adjusts the spraying strategy based on the comparison results.

9. A computer device, characterized in that: It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; the memory is used to store computer programs; and the processor, when executing the program stored in the memory, implements the steps of the transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the transformer water mist spraying heat dissipation method based on closed-loop control as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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