Shear strength enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically deducing slope sliding surface

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of dynamic deduction shear strength enhancement type intelligent anchor cable structures of slope slip surface, comprising: installation body, shear force sensing unit and imaging unit;Installation body is equipped with main containing channel, and main containing channel is used to contain anchor cable;Shear force sensing unit is located in main containing channel, and shear force sensing unit is set to installation body;Shear force sensing unit is equipped with anchor cable containing channel;Anchor cable containing channel is sleeved on the outer wall of anchor cable;Imaging unit is electrically connected to installation body;Imaging unit is signal connected with shear force sensing unit;Imaging unit is used to convert the data collected by shear force sensing unit into intuitive image.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope engineering support technology, and in particular to a shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically predicting slope slip surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Slope engineering is widely used in the construction of highways, railways, water conservancy and hydropower projects, mines, ports, municipal and mountain infrastructure. Affected by factors such as rainfall infiltration, groundwater fluctuations, excavation unloading, seismic disturbance, mining disturbance, slope toe cutting, and long-term weathering, slope soil and rock masses may slide along weak interlayers, structural planes, deposit interfaces, or deep fracture zones, leading to landslide disasters that pose a serious threat to engineering safety and people's lives and property. Anchor cable support is one of the most commonly used active support measures in slope reinforcement. Its basic function is to provide pull-out resistance and sliding resistance through the anchored section, thereby improving the overall anti-sliding capacity between the potential sliding mass and the stable soil and rock mass.

[0003] Existing monitoring methods mainly focus on the axial tension or anchorage force loss of anchor cables, which is difficult to directly reflect the local shear force borne by anchor cables near the sliding surface. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure that dynamically simulates the slope slip surface, which can reflect the local shear force borne by the anchor cable near the slip surface.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces, comprising: an installation body, a shear force sensing unit, and an imaging unit;

[0006] The mounting body is provided with a main receiving channel, which is used to receive anchor cables;

[0007] The shear force sensing unit is located within the main accommodating channel and is disposed on the mounting body; the shear force sensing unit is provided with an anchor cable accommodating channel; the anchor cable accommodating channel is sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor cable;

[0008] The imaging unit is electrically connected to the mounting body; the imaging unit is signal-connected to the shear force sensing unit; the imaging unit is used to convert the data collected by the shear force sensing unit into intuitive images.

[0009] Furthermore, the mounting body is provided with a positioning groove, which is connected to the main accommodating channel; the shear force sensing unit is embedded in the positioning groove, which is used to restrict the sliding of the shear force sensing unit.

[0010] Furthermore, the shear force sensing unit includes a sensing sleeve and a sensing optical fiber; the sensing sleeve is embedded in the positioning groove, and the sensing sleeve is provided with the anchor cable accommodating channel; one end of the sensing optical fiber is electrically connected to the sensing sleeve, and the other end is electrically connected to the imaging unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the sensing sleeve is provided with a deformation sensing structure and an optical fiber fixing structure; the deformation sensing structure is disposed on the inner wall of the anchor cable receiving channel; the optical fiber fixing structure is connected to the deformation sensing structure, and one end of the sensing optical fiber away from the imaging unit is connected to the optical fiber fixing structure, so as to transmit the deformation data of the deformation sensing structure to the imaging unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the deformation sensing structure is a spiral groove that extends spirally along the length of the sensing sleeve; the spiral groove connects to the anchor cable receiving channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the optical fiber fixing structure includes a first fixing slot and a second fixing slot, which are distributed circumferentially along the sensing sleeve; the sensing optical fiber includes a shear response recognition optical fiber and a temperature compensation optical fiber; one end of the shear response recognition optical fiber is electrically connected to the imaging unit, and the other end is inserted into the first fixing slot; one end of the temperature compensation optical fiber is electrically connected to the imaging unit, and the other end is inserted into the second fixing slot.

[0014] Furthermore, there are two first fixing slots, and the two first fixing slots and the second fixing slot are arranged alternately; there are two shear response recognition optical fibers, and the ends of the two shear response recognition optical fibers that are away from the imaging unit are respectively inserted into the corresponding first fixing slots.

[0015] Furthermore, multiple positioning slots are provided, and the multiple positioning slots are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the mounting body; multiple sensing sleeves are provided, and each sensing sleeve is embedded in the corresponding positioning slot; multiple sensing optical fibers are provided, and each sensing optical fiber and each sensing sleeve are distributed alternately along the length direction of the mounting body, and in two adjacent sensing sleeves, the opposite ends of the sensing optical fiber are electrically connected to the corresponding sensing sleeve.

[0016] Furthermore, the mounting body is provided with a mounting groove, which is connected to the main receiving channel; the shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surface also includes a peak shear force sensing unit; the peak shear force sensing unit is embedded in the mounting groove and is used to sense the peak shear force of the potential slip surface of the anchor cable.

[0017] Furthermore, one end of the mounting body is provided with an anchor head, and the anchor head is provided with a fixing structure for fixing the anchor head to the slope surface.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The mounting body is provided with a main receiving channel for receiving anchor cables, which can integrate anchor cables and sensing structures on the same carrier, simplifying the on-site installation process and ensuring the relative position stability of anchor cables and shear force sensing units;

[0020] 2. Based on the fact that the shear force sensing unit is located in the main accommodating channel and sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor cable, it can directly collect local shear strain data of the anchor cable caused by sliding surface misalignment without changing the conventional support function of the anchor cable;

[0021] 3. Based on the signal connection between the imaging unit and the shear force sensing unit and the conversion of data into intuitive images, the abstract shear strain signal can be transformed into visualized shear force distribution and sliding surface position information;

[0022] 4. Based on the coordinated operation of the mounting body and the shear force sensing unit, the anchor cable has the ability to collect local shear response while bearing axial support load, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology that only focuses on axial tensile force and cannot sense shear action.

[0023] 5. Based on the signal connection between the shear force sensing unit and the imaging unit, a complete data link is realized from the acquisition of shear strain along the anchor cable to the imaging of the sliding surface position, avoiding information loss or delay in the intermediate links;

[0024] 6. Based on the overall linkage of the mounting body, the shear force sensing unit and the imaging unit, the traditional anchor cable is expanded from a single support component into an integrated structure of support, sensing and imaging, realizing direct reflection and dynamic visualization positioning of the local shear force on the anchor cable near the potential sliding surface of the slope. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of point A shown below;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The image shows a cross-sectional view of a shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces.

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3A magnified view of point B shown.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Mounting body; 11. Main accommodating channel; 12. Positioning slot; 13. Mounting slot; 14. Anchor head; 2. Shear force sensing unit; 21. Anchor cable accommodating channel; 22. Sensing sleeve; 221. Deformation sensing structure; 222. Fiber optic fixing structure; 2221. First fixing slot; 2222. Second fixing slot; 23. Sensing fiber; 231. Shear response recognition fiber; 232. Temperature compensation fiber; 3. Peak shear force sensing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0031] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0033] See Figures 1-4 A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating the slip surface of a slope, comprising: an installation body 1, a shear force sensing unit 2, and an imaging unit;

[0034] The mounting body 1 is provided with a main accommodating channel 11 for accommodating anchor cables, which can integrate anchor cables and sensing structures on the same carrier, simplifying the on-site installation process and ensuring the relative position stability of anchor cables and shear force sensing units 2.

[0035] Based on the fact that the shear force sensing unit 2 is located in the main accommodating channel 11 and sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor cable, it can directly collect the local shear strain data of the anchor cable caused by the slippage of the sliding surface without changing the conventional support function of the anchor cable.

[0036] Based on the signal connection between the imaging unit and the shear force sensing unit 2 and the conversion of data into intuitive images, the abstract shear strain signal can be transformed into a visualized shear force distribution and sliding surface position information.

[0037] Based on the coordinated operation of the mounting body 1 and the shear force sensing unit 2, the anchor cable has the ability to collect local shear response while bearing axial support load, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology that only focuses on axial tensile force and cannot sense shear action.

[0038] Based on the signal connection between the shear force sensing unit 2 and the imaging unit, a complete data link is realized from the acquisition of shear strain along the anchor cable to the imaging of the sliding surface position, avoiding information loss or delay in the intermediate links.

[0039] Based on the overall linkage of the mounting body 1, the shear force sensing unit 2 and the imaging unit, the traditional anchor cable is expanded from a single support component into an integrated structure of support, sensing and imaging, realizing direct reflection and dynamic visualization positioning of the local shear force on the anchor cable near the potential sliding surface of the slope.

[0040] When this shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure is in operation, the mounting body 1 is embedded in the borehole of the slope, and the anchor cable passes sequentially through the main receiving channel 11 and the anchor cable receiving channel 21 of the shear force sensing unit 2. After grouting anchoring and tension locking are completed, the anchor cable undertakes the conventional anti-slide support task. When the potential sliding surface inside the slope undergoes relative displacement, the shear force generated by the displacement causes the anchor cable to undergo local bending and shear deformation near the sliding surface. Since the shear force sensing unit 2 is sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor cable and fixed in the mounting body 1, the deformation of the anchor cable is directly transmitted to the shear force sensing unit 2, which collects shear strain data along the length of the anchor cable in real time. The imaging unit maintains a signal connection with the shear force sensing unit 2, receives the original strain data, and performs inversion and reconstruction through the built-in algorithm. Finally, the shear force distribution along the anchor cable, the location of the maximum shear force, and the intersection information of the sliding surface and the anchor cable are transformed into intuitive images, realizing the dynamic deduction and visualization of the location of the slope sliding surface.

[0041] This invention uses a main accommodating channel 11 within the mounting body 1 to accommodate the anchor cable, and also places the shear force sensing unit 2 within the main accommodating channel 11 and fixes it to the mounting body 1. The key is that the shear force sensing unit 2 has an anchor cable accommodating channel 21 and is directly fitted onto the outer wall of the anchor cable. In this way, when the anchor cable is subjected to lateral shear or bending deformation caused by the slippage of the sliding surface within the hole, the force is transmitted through the anchor cable to the shear force sensing unit 2, which is closely attached to its outer wall. This unit collects shear strain data, while the mounting body 1 serves to position and support the entire sensing structure. Finally, the imaging unit is electrically connected to the mounting body 1 and communicates with the shear force sensing unit 2, converting the collected raw strain data into an intuitive image. This transforms the originally difficult-to-capture local shear action into visualized information, realizing a direct reflection of the shear action experienced by the anchor cable near the sliding surface.

[0042] See Figures 3-4 Preferably, the mounting body 1 is provided with a positioning groove 12, which is connected to the main accommodating channel 11; the shear force sensing unit 2 is embedded in the positioning groove 12, which is used to restrict the sliding of the shear force sensing unit 2; it can be understood that the positioning groove 12 secures the shear force sensing unit 2 in the main accommodating channel 11, so that it always maintains a precise connection with the anchor cable and cannot slide during grouting, tensioning and long-term slope deformation, thereby ensuring that the correspondence between the shear strain data and the anchor cable length coordinate is stable and reliable, providing a structural basis for the imaging unit to accurately locate the sliding surface position.

[0043] See Figure 2 and Figure 4 Preferably, the shear force sensing unit 2 includes a sensing sleeve 22 and a sensing optical fiber 23; the sensing sleeve 22 is embedded in the positioning groove 12, and the sensing sleeve 22 is provided with the anchor cable receiving channel 21; one end of the sensing optical fiber 23 is electrically connected to the sensing sleeve 22, and the other end is electrically connected to the imaging unit; obviously, based on the sensing sleeve 22 being embedded in the positioning groove 12 and having the anchor cable receiving channel 21, and the two ends of the sensing optical fiber 23 being connected to the sensing sleeve 22 and the imaging unit respectively, when the anchor cable undergoes shear deformation, the sensing sleeve 22 transmits the deformation to the sensing optical fiber 23, and the sensing optical fiber 23 directly transmits the strain signal to the imaging unit, forming a complete and closed sensing link from shear sensing to signal transmission to image conversion.

[0044] See Figure 4Preferably, the sensing sleeve 22 is provided with a deformation sensing structure 221 and an optical fiber fixing structure 222; the deformation sensing structure 221 is disposed on the inner wall of the anchor cable receiving channel 21; the optical fiber fixing structure 222 is connected to the deformation sensing structure 221, and one end of the sensing optical fiber 23 away from the imaging unit is connected to the optical fiber fixing structure 222, so as to transmit the deformation data of the deformation sensing structure 221 to the imaging unit; it can be understood that the sensing sleeve 22 is provided with the deformation sensing structure 221 and the optical fiber A fixed structure 222 is provided, wherein the deformation sensing structure 221 is located on the inner wall of the anchor cable accommodating channel 21, the optical fiber fixing structure 222 is connected to the deformation sensing structure 221, and one end of the sensing optical fiber 23 is connected to the optical fiber fixing structure 222; when the anchor cable deforms, the deformation sensing structure 221 deforms along with the anchor cable, and the deformation is transmitted through the optical fiber fixing structure 222 to the sensing optical fiber 23, and then transmitted by the sensing optical fiber 23 to the imaging unit, thereby realizing in-situ acquisition and lossless transmission of shear deformation.

[0045] See Figure 4 Preferably, the deformation sensing structure 221 is a spiral groove that extends spirally along the length of the sensing sleeve 22; the spiral groove connects to the anchor cable receiving channel 21. It can be understood that the advantages of the spiral groove extending spirally along the length of the sensing sleeve 22 and connecting to the anchor cable receiving channel 21 are: firstly, the spiral structure transforms the local shear or bending deformation of the anchor cable into continuous torsional deformation along the spiral path, increasing the strain acquisition area and amplifying the effect of small deformations without increasing the length of the sensing sleeve 22, thus improving the shear response sensitivity; secondly, the rotational symmetry of the spiral groove enables the sensing sleeve 22 to produce a uniform response to bending or shearing in any direction of the anchor cable, eliminating the need to align with a specific azimuth angle during installation, thereby reducing on-site construction difficulty and the risk of directional errors.

[0046] See Figure 2 and Figure 4Preferably, the optical fiber fixing structure 222 includes a first fixing groove 2221 and a second fixing groove 2222, which are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the sensing sleeve 22; the sensing optical fiber 23 includes a shear response recognition optical fiber 231 and a temperature compensation optical fiber 232; one end of the shear response recognition optical fiber 231 is electrically connected to the imaging unit, and the other end is inserted into the first fixing groove 2221; one end of the temperature compensation optical fiber 232 is electrically connected to the imaging unit, and the other end is inserted into the first fixing groove 2221; The end is inserted into the second fixing slot 2222; obviously, the two optical fibers are placed in different fixing slots, so that the shear response recognition optical fiber 231 collects shear strain as the sensing sleeve 22 deforms, while the temperature compensation optical fiber 232 is located at a different position in the circumference and is decoupled from the deformation direction of the sensing sleeve 22, so it mainly responds to changes in ambient temperature rather than mechanical deformation. After receiving the two signals, the imaging unit can deduct the influence of temperature drift on the shear strain data, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the shear force sensing unit 2 under day and night temperature difference or grouting hydration heat conditions.

[0047] Furthermore, the shear response identification fiber 231 and the temperature compensation fiber 232 can be selected as FBG fibers. The center reflection wavelength of the FBG fiber grating can be expressed as λB = 2neffΛ, where λB is the Bragg center wavelength, neff is the effective refractive index of the fiber core, and Λ is the grating period. When the anchor cable sensing section is subjected to strain and temperature changes, the Bragg wavelength drifts, and its relative change can be expressed as ΔλB / λB = Kε·ε + KT·ΔT, where ΔλB is the change in center wavelength, Kε is the strain sensitivity coefficient, ε is the axial strain of the fiber, KT is the temperature sensitivity coefficient, and ΔT is the temperature change. The temperature compensation fiber 232 can reduce the interference of diurnal temperature difference and hydration heat of grouting on shear response identification by back-calculating ΔTi through the wavelength change ΔλT,i and then correcting the strain of the upper and lower fibers.

[0048] When the anchor cable is only subjected to axial tension, the strain of the shear response recognition optical fibers 231 on the upper and lower sides is approximately equal; when the anchor cable is subjected to shear bending, the upper and lower optical fibers generate a reverse strain difference Δε. The strain of the upper and lower optical fibers can be decomposed into: axial average strain εa,i=(εu,i+εd,i) / 2, and bending differential strain Δεi=εu,i-εd,i. Let the vertical distance between the upper and lower optical fibers be h, then the local curvature κi=Δεi / h, and the equivalent bending moment Mi=EeqIeqκi can be further calculated. By discretely arranging multiple sensing sleeves 22 along the length of the anchor cable, the equivalent shear force distribution along the anchor cable can be obtained using the finite difference method.

[0049] Before anchor cable installation, indoor shear calibration tests were conducted. Different axial preload N, different normal constraint pressure σn, and different transverse shear displacement δ were applied to the anchor cable specimens. Shear force V, upper fiber strain εu, lower fiber strain εd, and temperature T were recorded, and a shear force inversion function V=f(Δεi, N, σn, T) was established. A polynomial calibration form can be used: Vi=a0+a1Δεi+a2(Δεi)²+a3N+a4σn+a5ΔT+a6N·Δεi.

[0050] When multiple adjacent sensing segments exhibit large shear force responses, the weighted peak center method can be used to determine the equivalent shear center location: s̄max(t)=Σ[si·Vi(t)ᵖ] / Σ[Vi(t)ᵖ], where p is the peak enhancement index, typically taken as 1~3. This method can avoid peak position jumps caused by single-point noise. For the j-th anchor cable, its orifice coordinates are Pj0=(xj0,yj0,zj0), azimuth angle is αj, inclination angle is βj, and the maximum shear force length coordinates are sj,max. Then, the unit direction vector ej=(cosβj·cosαj, cosβj·sinαj, -sinβj), and the spatial coordinates of the maximum shear force point are Pj=Pj0+sj,max·ej. When multiple intelligent anchor cables are deployed along the slope profile or grid, the spatial coordinates of the peak points output by each imaging unit can form a point set. Through weighted fitting, the curve or surface morphology of the potential sliding surface of the slope can be obtained, enabling dynamic positioning of the sliding surface and landslide risk classification and early warning. A comprehensive early warning model is constructed based on indicators such as peak shear force, shear force growth rate, peak point migration rate, and sliding surface fitting continuity, which can achieve slope landslide risk classification and early warning.

[0051] See Figure 2 and Figure 4 Preferably, there are two first fixing slots 2221, and the two first fixing slots 2221 and the second fixing slots 2222 are arranged alternately; there are two shear response recognition optical fibers 231, and the ends of the two shear response recognition optical fibers 231 that are away from the imaging unit are respectively inserted into the corresponding first fixing slots 2221; it can be understood that the two shear response recognition optical fibers 231 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction. When the anchor cable undergoes shear or bending deformation, the strain data collected by the two optical fibers can be used to verify each other. One optical fiber can verify whether the data of the other optical fiber is abnormal or drifting. At the same time, the alternate distribution allows the two optical fibers to cover different azimuth angles in the circumferential direction, which can synthesize and determine the bending direction of the anchor cable rather than just the bending intensity, thereby providing the imaging unit with shear vector data containing directional information.

[0052] See Figures 2-4Preferably, multiple positioning slots 12 are provided, and the multiple positioning slots 12 are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the mounting body 1; multiple sensing sleeves 22 are provided, and each sensing sleeve 22 is embedded in the corresponding positioning slot 12; multiple sensing optical fibers 23 are provided, and each sensing optical fiber 23 and each sensing sleeve 22 are distributed at intervals and alternately along the length direction of the mounting body 1. In two adjacent sensing sleeves 22, the opposite ends of the sensing optical fiber 23 are electrically connected to the corresponding sensing sleeve 22; obviously, the multiple sensing sleeves 22 form a discrete but continuous array of measuring points along the length direction of the anchor cable. Each measuring point independently collects the shear strain at that position. The imaging unit can invert the shear force distribution curve along the anchor cable based on the data difference of each measuring point, and locate the interval where the shear force peak is located; the sensing optical fiber 23 between adjacent sensing sleeves 22 not only undertakes the signal transmission function, but also forms a differential measurement structure because its two ends are respectively connected to two fixed sleeves, which can eliminate common mode noise in the long-terminal transmission and improve the spatial resolution of peak positioning.

[0053] See Figure 3 Preferably, the mounting body 1 is provided with a mounting groove 13, which is connected to the main accommodating channel 11; the shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating the slope slip surface also includes a peak shear force sensing unit 3; the peak shear force sensing unit 3 is embedded in the mounting groove 13, and the peak shear force sensing unit 3 is used to sense the peak shear force of the potential slip surface of the anchor cable; obviously, with this setting, the peak shear force sensing unit 3 independently undertakes the peak positioning task, avoiding data conflicts or response delays caused by a single sensing unit simultaneously collecting deformation and identifying peak values; the mounting groove 13 fixes the peak shear force sensing unit 3 in a predetermined position, enabling it to continuously scan the shear force distribution along the length direction of the anchor cable. Once the shear force value at a certain position exceeds that of the adjacent position, it can be quickly locked, thereby providing the imaging unit with accurate slip surface intersection coordinates and avoiding slip surface fitting deviations caused by peak positioning ambiguity.

[0054] See Figure 1Preferably, one end of the mounting body 1 is provided with an anchor head 14, and the anchor head 14 is provided with a fixing structure for fixing the anchor head 14 to the slope surface. Obviously, after the anchor head 14 is anchored to the slope surface by the fixing structure, the mounting body 1 and the anchor cable inside it obtain dual constraints of far-end anchoring and near-end tension in the hole, so that the anchor cable maintains a pre-tension state when subjected to the slope sliding force. At the same time, the fixing structure provides a stable mounting base for the imaging unit, avoiding relative movement between the connection end of the sensing fiber 23 and the imaging unit due to slope loosening or anchor head 14 displacement, thereby ensuring the continuity of signal transmission and the stability of the spatial conversion relationship between the peak position and the borehole coordinates during long-term monitoring.

[0055] Method for determining sliding surface linkage from single anchor cable to anchor cable group

[0056] The above embodiments describe in detail the specific structure and working principle of a single shear-reinforced intelligent anchor cable structure. In actual slope engineering, to achieve dynamic prediction of the location, shape, and evolution trend of potential sliding surfaces, it is usually necessary to deploy multiple such intelligent anchor cable structures within the slope monitoring profile or monitoring grid to form a shear-sensing anchor cable group. The following further explains how to determine the potential sliding surface of the slope based on the shear force distribution data of multiple anchor cables in the anchor cable group.

[0057] (a) Identification of peak shear force location of a single anchor cable

[0058] For any j-th smart anchor cable structure, at monitoring time t, multiple shear force sensing units 2 (or peak shear force sensing units 3) are arranged along its length direction to obtain discrete shear force distribution data:

[0059] V_j(s,t) = {V_{j1}(t), V_{j2}(t), …, V_{ji}(t), …, V_{jm}(t)}

[0060] Where m is the number of sensing units on the anchor cable, and s is the length coordinate along the anchor cable axis (with anchor head 14 as the origin). After filtering and outlier removal of V_j(s,t), the maximum shear force value and its corresponding length coordinate are extracted:

[0061] V_{j,max}(t) = max{V_j(s,t)}

[0062] s_{j,max}(t) = argmax_s V_j(s,t)

[0063] When multiple adjacent sensing units exhibit large shear force responses (indicating that the sliding surface has a certain thickness or that a shear band exists), the equivalent shear center location is determined using the weighted peak center method.

[0064] s̄_{j,max}(t) = Σ[s_{ji} · V_{ji}(t)^p] / Σ[V_{ji}(t)^p], i∈Ω

[0065] Where Ω represents the set of sensing units whose shear response exceeds a preset threshold, and p is the peak enhancement index, typically ranging from 1 to 3. This method can avoid peak position jumps caused by single-point noise and improve the stability of sliding surface positioning.

[0066] (ii) Spatial coordinate transformation of the peak shear force point of a single anchor cable

[0067] For the j-th smart anchor cable structure, the orifice coordinates at anchor head 14 are P_{j0} = (x_{j0}, y_{j0}, z_{j0}), the azimuth angle of the anchor cable is α_j, and the inclination angle is β_j (with the downward drilling into the slope as the positive direction). Then the unit vector along the anchor cable axis is:

[0068] e_j = (cosβ_j cosα_j, cosβ_j sinα_j, -sinβ_j)

[0069] Convert the length coordinates s_{j,max}(t) of the j-th anchor cable at the maximum shear force position at time t into spatial coordinates:

[0070] P_j(t) = P_{j0} + s_{j,max}(t) · e_j

[0071] Right now:

[0072] x_j(t) = x_{j0} + s_{j,max}(t) cosβ_j cosα_j

[0073] y_j(t) = y_{j0} + s_{j,max}(t) cosβ_j sinα_j

[0074] z_j(t) = z_{j0} - s_{j,max}(t) sinβ_j

[0075] By repeating the above calculations for the n smart anchor cables deployed in the slope, the set of spatial coordinates of the peak shear force of the anchor cable group at time t can be obtained:

[0076] P(t) = {P_1(t), P_2(t), …, P_n(t)}

[0077] (III) Anchor cable group linkage fitting of potential sliding surface

[0078] Each point in the aforementioned point set P(t) represents a spatial location estimate of the intersection point between the anchor cable and the potential sliding surface. By spatially fitting the coordinates of the intersection points of multiple anchor cables, the geometry of the potential sliding surface of the slope can be deduced.

[0079] When multiple smart anchor cable structures are deployed along a typical monitoring profile of a slope, the peak points of each anchor cable are projected onto that profile (e.g., the xz plane), and the sliding surface curve is fitted using the weighted least squares method.

[0080] z = f(x) = c_0 + c_1 x + c_2 x^2 + … + c_k x^k

[0081] The coefficients are determined by minimizing the weighted sum of squared residuals:

[0082] min Σ w_j [z_j - f(x_j)]² + λ ∫ [f''(x)]² dx

[0083] Where w_j is the weight of the peak point of the j-th anchor cable, and λ is the smoothing regularization coefficient. The weight w_j can be determined comprehensively based on the magnitude of the peak shear force, the rate of shear force growth, and the signal quality.

[0084] w_j = λ_1·(V_{j,max} / V_cr) + λ_2·(|dV_{j,max} / dt| / R_cr) + λ_3·Q_j

[0085] In the formula, V_cr is the anchor cable design control shear force threshold, R_cr is the shear force growth rate control value, Q_j is the data quality coefficient, and λ_1, λ_2, and λ_3 are weighting coefficients, with λ_1+λ_2+λ_3=1.

[0086] When multiple smart anchor cable structures are arranged in a spatial grid in a slope, the potential sliding surface is obtained by three-dimensional surface fitting:

[0087] z = f(x,y) = c_0 + c_1 x + c_2 y + c_3 x^2 + c_4 xy + c_5 y^2 + …

[0088] After fitting, the imaging unit outputs the spatial equation of the potential sliding surface, the burial depth distribution, the intersection with the slope, and the fitting reliability.

[0089] (iv) Dynamic simulation and time series analysis

[0090] By repeating the above fitting process for continuous monitoring times t_1, t_2, …, t_k, the dynamic evolution of the potential sliding surface over time can be obtained:

[0091] Compare the peak point coordinates P_j(t) at different times and calculate the migration rate of the peak point along the length of the anchor cable; observe the changes in the range and continuity of the fitted surface to determine whether the sliding surface is expanding towards the toe of the slope or into the depth; when the peak shear force points of multiple anchor cables gradually connect into a continuous curve or surface and the goodness of fit R² continues to rise, it indicates that the potential sliding surface is forming or connecting.

[0092] (V) Comprehensive early warning and coordinated feedback

[0093] Based on the above analysis, a comprehensive early warning index Ω is constructed:

[0094] Ω = ω_1·n_V + ω_2·n_R + ω_3·n_M + ω_4·n_C + ω_5·n_G

[0095] in:

[0096] η_V = max(V_{j,max} / V_{j,cr}) is the peak shear force index;

[0097] η_R = max(|dV_{j,max} / dt| / R_{j,cr}) is the shear force growth rate index;

[0098] η_M = max(|ds_{j,max} / dt| / M_cr) is the peak point migration rate index;

[0099] η_C = (n_eff / n)·R² is the continuity index of the sliding surface (n_eff is the number of effective abnormal anchor cables, and R² is the goodness of fit).

[0100] η_G = n_g / n is the abnormal proportion index of the anchor cable group (n_g is the number of anchor cables whose shear force exceeds the threshold).

[0101] Warning levels are determined based on the value of Ω: Ω < Ω_1 indicates a normal state; Ω_1 ≤ Ω < Ω_2 indicates a state of concern; Ω_2 ≤ Ω < Ω_3 indicates a warning state; and Ω ≥ Ω_3 indicates a dangerous state. Different warning levels correspond to different response measures: Normal state: maintain routine monitoring; Concern state: intensify monitoring and strengthen inspections; Warning state: output the location of the sliding surface and suggest reinforcement areas; Danger state: trigger alarms and emergency response.

[0102] When the shear force response of some anchor cables is abnormal and the sliding surface has not been continuously connected, the tension of the anchor cables in the abnormal area can be adjusted or additional reinforcing anchor cables can be added; when the peak shear force points of multiple anchor cables form a continuous potential sliding surface, the location of the sliding surface, the direction of the sliding surface development, the recommended reinforcement area and the warning level will be output.

[0103] (vi) Application Examples

[0104] Taking a high highway slope as an example, five intelligent anchor cable structures are installed along the slope's height. The orifice coordinates, azimuth angle, and inclination angle of each anchor cable are pre-entered into the imaging unit. During monitoring, the imaging unit outputs real-time images of the shear force distribution along each anchor cable. When a potential sliding surface inside the slope shifts, a significant shear force peak appears at the intersection of the sliding surfaces of each anchor cable. The imaging unit automatically extracts the length coordinates of each peak point, converts them into spatial coordinates using the aforementioned method, and obtains the sliding surface curve through weighted fitting. As time progresses, if the peak points gradually migrate towards the slope toe and the burial depth of the fitted curve gradually increases, the imaging unit determines that the sliding surface is expanding. The comprehensive warning index Ω rises from 0.35 to 0.68, triggering the "warning" level, and outputs the location of the sliding surface and the recommended reinforcement range.

[0105] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples.

[0106] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0107] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces, characterized in that, include: Mounting body (1), the mounting body (1) is provided with a main receiving channel (11), the main receiving channel (11) is used to receive anchor cables; A shear force sensing unit (2) is disposed in the mounting body (1) and located in the main accommodating channel (11); the shear force sensing unit (2) is provided with an anchor cable accommodating channel (21); the anchor cable accommodating channel (21) is sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor cable; the shear force sensing unit (2) is used to detect the shear force on the anchor cable; An imaging unit is disposed on the mounting body (1); the imaging unit is signal-connected to the shear force sensing unit (2); the imaging unit is used to convert the shear force data collected by the shear force sensing unit (2) into an intuitive image.

2. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting body (1) is provided with a positioning groove (12), which is connected to the main accommodating channel (11); the shear force sensing unit (2) is embedded in the positioning groove (12), and the positioning groove (12) is used to restrict the sliding of the shear force sensing unit (2).

3. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shear force sensing unit (2) includes a sensing sleeve (22) and a sensing optical fiber (23); the sensing sleeve (22) is embedded in the positioning groove (12), and the sensing sleeve (22) is provided with the anchor cable receiving channel (21); one end of the sensing optical fiber (23) is electrically connected to the sensing sleeve (22), and the other end is electrically connected to the imaging unit.

4. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensing sleeve (22) is provided with a deformation sensing structure (221) and an optical fiber fixing structure (222); the deformation sensing structure (221) is disposed on the inner wall of the anchor cable receiving channel (21); the optical fiber fixing structure (222) is connected to the deformation sensing structure (221), and one end of the sensing optical fiber (23) away from the imaging unit is connected to the optical fiber fixing structure (222) to transmit the deformation data of the deformation sensing structure (221) to the imaging unit.

5. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The deformation sensing structure (221) is a spiral groove that extends spirally along the length of the sensing sleeve (22); the spiral groove connects to the anchor cable receiving channel (21).

6. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The optical fiber fixing structure (222) includes a first fixing slot (2221) and a second fixing slot (2222), which are distributed circumferentially along the sensing sleeve (22); the sensing optical fiber (23) includes a shear response recognition optical fiber (231) and a temperature compensation optical fiber (232); one end of the shear response recognition optical fiber (231) is electrically connected to the imaging unit, and the other end is inserted into the first fixing slot (2221); one end of the temperature compensation optical fiber (232) is electrically connected to the imaging unit, and the other end is inserted into the second fixing slot (2222).

7. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are two first fixing slots (2221), and the two first fixing slots (2221) and the second fixing slot (2222) are arranged alternately; there are two shear response recognition optical fibers (231), and the ends of the two shear response recognition optical fibers (231) that are away from the imaging unit are respectively inserted into the corresponding first fixing slots (2221).

8. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning slots (12) are provided in multiples, and the multiple positioning slots (12) are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the mounting body (1); the sensing sleeves (22) are provided in multiples, and each sensing sleeve (22) is embedded in the corresponding positioning slot (12); the sensing optical fibers (23) are provided in multiples, and each sensing optical fiber (23) and each sensing sleeve (22) are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the mounting body (1), and in two adjacent sensing sleeves (22), the opposite ends of the sensing optical fiber (23) are electrically connected to the corresponding sensing sleeve (22).

9. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting body (1) is provided with a mounting groove (13), which is connected to the main accommodating channel (11); the shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating the slope sliding surface also includes a peak shear force sensing unit (3); the peak shear force sensing unit (3) is embedded in the mounting groove (13), and the peak shear force sensing unit (3) is used to sense the peak shear force of the potential sliding surface of the anchor cable.

10. The shear-enhanced intelligent anchor cable structure for dynamically extrapolating slope slip surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the mounting body (1) is provided with an anchor head (14), and the anchor head (14) is provided with a fixing structure for fixing the anchor head (14) to the slope surface.

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