Methanol-based single-cell protein feed composition and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of animal feed, more particularly, to a methanol-based single-cell protein feed composition and a preparation method thereof.The feed composition comprises the following raw material components by weight: 30-70 parts of methanol-based single-cell protein powder, 10-40 parts of plant protein source, 10-30 parts of energy source, 1-10 parts of functional additive, and 5-20 parts of carrier.The present application uses the methanol-based single-cell protein, a non-grain protein source with high protein and good amino acid composition, to significantly improve the palatability, digestibility and nutritional value of the feed by compounding the methanol-based single-cell protein with conventional feed components through a scientific formula and a physical wall-breaking and mixing process, and to partially or completely replace traditional protein sources such as soybean meal, thereby reducing the cost of feed, alleviating the problem of food competition between humans and animals, and providing a sustainable new protein feed solution for the animal husbandry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed technology, and more specifically, to a methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of the global population and the rapid development of animal husbandry, the demand for high-quality protein feed has risen sharply. Traditional protein sources such as fishmeal and soybean meal are facing problems such as increasingly depleted resources, frequent price fluctuations, and the presence of allergens and anti-nutritional factors. Developing new and sustainable non-grain protein resources has become an urgent need for the industry. Methanol-based single-cell protein (MSCP) is a microbial protein produced by fermentation using methyltrophic microorganisms (such as yeast) as the production strain and methanol as the carbon source. It has significant advantages such as high protein content (60-80%), balanced amino acid composition, fast growth rate, no occupation of arable land, and no impact from climate. However, there are still some shortcomings in directly using MSCP as a feed ingredient: 1) The tough structure of the microbial cell wall affects animal digestion and absorption; 2) The unique fermentation odor has an adverse effect on feed palatability; 3) The nucleic acid content is high, and the addition ratio needs to be controlled; 4) As a single protein source, the overall nutritional composition is not comprehensive enough. Current research on single-cell protein feeds focuses primarily on optimizing fermentation processes. However, there is a lack of systematic technical solutions for how to scientifically incorporate MSCP into compound feeds and utilize specific processing techniques to overcome its defects and create stable feed products suitable for large-scale application. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition, the feed composition comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-70 parts methanol-based single-cell protein powder, 10-40 parts plant protein source, 10-30 parts energy source, 1-10 parts functional additives, and 5-20 parts carrier.

[0004] Preferably, the methanol-based single-cell protein powder is a bacterial protein dry powder produced by microbial fermentation with methanol as the main carbon source and energy source. Its crude protein content is ≥60%, and it has undergone physical cell wall breaking treatment with a cell wall breaking rate of ≥85%.

[0005] Preferably, the microorganism is at least one of methyltrophic yeast (such as Pichia spp.), bacteria, or algae.

[0006] Preferably, the plant protein source is selected from one or more combinations of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal; the energy source is selected from one or more combinations of corn flour, wheat flour, potato flour and vegetable oil.

[0007] Preferably, the functional additive includes at least two combinations of amino acid supplements, vitamin premixes, mineral premixes, enzyme preparations, probiotics, and antioxidants.

[0008] Preferably, the carrier is selected from one or more combinations of zeolite powder, rice husk powder, diatomaceous earth and calcium carbonate.

[0009] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: The methanol-based single-cell protein fermentation broth or wet cells are subjected to cell wall disruption treatment, followed by pasteurization and spray drying to obtain highly digestible single-cell protein powder; S2. Precise ingredient formulation: Weigh out methanol-based single-cell protein powder, plant protein source, energy source, functional additives, and carrier according to the specified proportions; S3. Staged mixing: First, methanol-based single-cell protein powder, plant protein source, and energy source are put into the main mixer for the first stage of mixing. Then, the carrier and functional additives are added for the second stage of mixing until the mixing uniformity CV ≤ 7%. S4. Finished product processing: Depending on the needs of different farmed animals, the mixed materials can be granulated or extruded. Then, the uniformly mixed or processed materials are metered and packaged to obtain the final feed composition product.

[0010] Preferably, the cell wall disruption treatment in S1 is performed using one of the following methods: high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonic disruption, or enzymatic hydrolysis, with a disruption pressure of 60-120 MPa, and the treatment is repeated 1-3 times.

[0011] Preferably, the speed of the mixer in the first stage of mixing in S3 is 20-35 r / min, and the speed of the mixer in the second stage of mixing is 15-25 r / min.

[0012] Preferably, the mixing time of the first stage mixer in S3 is 5-10 minutes, and the mixing time of the second stage mixer is 5-10 minutes.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Strong resource sustainability: This invention uses methanol (which can be derived from natural gas, coal chemical industry, CO2 hydrogenation or green methanol, etc.) as the sole or main carbon source to produce single-cell protein. The raw material sources are wide-ranging and do not rely on traditional agricultural and fishery resources, effectively alleviating the contradiction of "humans and livestock competing for food", and has significant advantages in resource conservation and sustainable development.

[0014] Balancing feed cost and nutritional performance: Based on the high protein content and balanced amino acid composition of methanol-based single-cell biological protein raw materials, the scientifically formulated feed composition can partially replace fish meal or soybean meal, significantly reducing feed formulation costs and improving the economic benefits of farming while ensuring the normal growth performance of farmed animals.

[0015] High digestibility and absorption rate: By implementing a targeted cell wall breaking process on methanol-based single-cell biological protein raw materials, the cell wall structure of microorganisms is effectively broken, overcoming the bottleneck that limits their digestibility in vivo, making the protein and other intracellular nutrients easier for animals to digest and absorb, thus improving feed conversion efficiency and nitrogen utilization.

[0016] Comprehensive improvement in application performance: By combining reasonable formula design and process treatment, the original shortcomings of methanol-based single-cell protein in terms of palatability, nucleic acid content control and nutritional comprehensiveness are overcome, thereby improving the stability of feed and the feasibility of large-scale application.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0019] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] Example 1 A powdered feed composition for broiler fattening 1. Raw material composition and proportion (based on a production capacity of 1000 kg) Pichia pastoris protein powder (crude protein ≥65%, moisture ≤10%): 500kg Soybean meal (crude protein ≥43%): 250kg Corn flour (moisture content ≤14%): 150kg L-Lysine hydrochloride (purity ≥98.5%): 3kg DL-methionine (purity ≥99%): 2kg Multivitamin premix (containing vitamins A, D3, E, B complex, etc.): 5kg Composite mineral element premix (containing Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Se, etc.): 20kg Carrier (zeolite powder, 200 mesh): 70kg 2. Preparation method S1. Pretreatment of methanol-based single-cell protein powder The concentrated cell broth (solid content approximately 20%) after Pichia pastoris fermentation was taken and subjected to cell wall disruption using a high-pressure homogenizer. The homogenization conditions were: pressure 80 MPa, cyclic treatment twice. Subsequently, the disrupted slurry was pasteurized at 85°C for 30 minutes. Finally, it was dried using a centrifugal spray drying tower with an inlet air temperature of 180±5°C and an outlet air temperature of 85±5°C to obtain a light yellow disrupted yeast protein powder with good flowability. Its in vitro protein digestibility (pepsin-trypsin method) was more than 35% higher than that of the undisrupted sample.

[0021] S2. Precise ingredient mixing According to the above proportions, using a calibrated electronic scale, accurately weigh the pretreated cell-wall broken Pichia pastoris protein powder, soybean meal, corn flour, amino acids, vitamin premix, mineral element premix, and zeolite powder carrier in an independent feeding hopper.

[0022] S3. Two-stage stepped mixing First-stage premixing: Put the bulk raw materials (broken cell yeast protein powder, soybean meal, corn flour) into a twin-shaft paddle mixer, close the feed inlet, set the mixer speed to 30 r / min, and the mixing time to 8 minutes, so that the bulk raw materials can achieve a preliminary, macroscopic uniform distribution. Second-stage fine mixing: Keep the mixer running and add the carrier (zeolite powder), L-lysine hydrochloride, DL-methionine, compound vitamin premix, and compound mineral element premix sequentially through the top inlet. Adjust the mixer speed to 20 rpm and continue mixing for 12 minutes. In this stage, the carrier first adsorbs trace components, and then through low-speed, long-term mixing, ensures their full diffusion throughout the material, effectively preventing segregation.

[0023] S4. Finished Product Handling and Quality Control After mixing, samples are taken from multiple points at different locations in the mixer (e.g., front, middle, back, top, and bottom layers). The mixing uniformity is determined using the methyl violet method or the chloride ion selective electrode method. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity is ≤5%, which meets the feed production standards (usually required to be ≤7%). The uniformly mixed powdered feed is then metered and sealed using an automatic packaging machine to obtain the finished product. The product should be stored in a cool, dry, and ventilated place.

[0024] Example 2 A pelleted feed composition for carp rearing period and its preparation 1. Raw material composition and proportion (based on a production capacity of 1000 kg) Broken cell wall methyl cocci protein powder (crude protein ≥70%, moisture ≤10%): 400kg Low-erucic acid rapeseed meal (crude protein ≥36%, erucic acid ≤3%): 200kg Wheat flour: 200kg Fish oil (peroxide value ≤5 meq / kg): 20kg Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 15kg Compound enzyme preparation (containing phytase ≥5000U / g, protease ≥10000U / g): 5kg Probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, live count ≥ 20 billion CFU / g): 2kg Antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline, content ≥50%): 0.5kg Carrier (diatomaceous earth, 150 mesh): 157.5 kg Preparation method S1. Protein powder pretreatment: The concentrated cell broth (solid content approximately 25%) after the fermentation of *P. methylcoccus* was terminated, and cell wall disruption was performed using a high-pressure homogenizer. The homogenization conditions were: pressure 100 MPa, cyclic treatment twice. Subsequently, the disrupted slurry was pasteurized at 85°C for 30 minutes. Finally, it was dried using a centrifugal spray drying tower with an inlet air temperature of 180±5°C and an outlet air temperature of 85±5°C to obtain a light brown disrupted yeast protein powder with good flowability. Its in vitro protein digestibility (pepsin-trypsin method) was more than 37% higher than that of the undisrupted sample.

[0025] S2. Precise ingredient proportioning: Accurately weigh each component according to the formula. Note that fish oil should be stored separately and added during conditioning before granulation.

[0026] S3. Two-stage stepped mixing First-stage premixing: The bulk raw materials (methylcoccus protein powder, rapeseed meal, wheat flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and diatomaceous earth carrier) are put into a twin-shaft paddle mixer, the feed inlet is closed, the mixer speed is set to 30 r / min, and the mixing time is 10 minutes, so that the bulk raw materials achieve a preliminary, macroscopic uniform distribution.

[0027] Second-stage fine mixing: Keep the mixer running, and add the carrier (montmorillonite powder), L-lysine sulfate, L-methionine, brewer's yeast powder premix, and amino acid chelated mineral premix sequentially through the top inlet. Adjust the mixer speed to 20 r / min and continue mixing for 12 minutes. In this stage, the carrier first adsorbs trace components, and then, through low-speed, long-term mixing, ensures their full diffusion throughout the material, effectively preventing fractionation. S4. Granulation and Post-processing Conditioning: The uniformly mixed powder is fed into a conditioner while saturated steam (pressure 0.3-0.4MPa) is introduced to raise the moisture content of the material to 16%-18% and the temperature to 75-85℃. During this process, the fish oil in the formula is evenly sprayed onto the hot and wet material through a liquid addition system to achieve full coating and maturation, thereby improving oil utilization and particle stability.

[0028] Granulation: The conditioned material is fed into a ring die granulator, which uses a ring die with a diameter of 2.0 mm to form granules under extrusion. The granulation process further improves starch gelatinization and protein denaturation, thus improving palatability.

[0029] Cooling and screening: Hot particles are cooled to room temperature (not exceeding 5°C) by a vertical cooler, and the moisture content is reduced to below 12.5%. Then, they are passed through a grading screen. The oversized particles are crushed and re-screened, while the undersized particles (fine powder) are returned to the mixing process. Qualified particles (particle size 2.0mm±0.2mm) enter the finished product silo.

[0030] Metered Packaging: Qualified pelleted feed is packaged using a quantitative scale, which is the final product.

[0031] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition, characterized in that: The feed composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-70 parts methanol-based single-cell protein powder, 10-40 parts plant protein source, 10-30 parts energy source, 1-10 parts functional additives, and 5-20 parts carrier.

2. The methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The methanol-based single-cell protein powder is a bacterial protein dry powder produced by microbial fermentation with methanol as the main carbon source and energy source. Its crude protein content is ≥60%, and it has undergone physical cell wall breaking treatment with a cell wall breaking rate of ≥85%.

3. The methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microorganism is at least one of methyltrophic yeast, bacteria, or algae.

4. The methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant protein source is selected from one or more combinations of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, and corn gluten meal; the energy source is selected from one or more combinations of corn flour, wheat flour, potato flour, and vegetable oil.

5. The methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional additives include at least two combinations of amino acid supplements, vitamin premixes, mineral premixes, enzyme preparations, probiotics, and antioxidants.

6. The methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier is selected from one or more combinations of zeolite powder, rice husk powder, diatomaceous earth and calcium carbonate.

7. A method for preparing a methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: The methanol-based single-cell protein fermentation broth or wet cells are subjected to cell wall disruption treatment, followed by pasteurization and spray drying to obtain highly digestible single-cell protein powder; S2. Precise ingredient formulation: Weigh out methanol-based single-cell protein powder, plant protein source, energy source, functional additives, and carrier according to the specified proportions; S3. Staged mixing: First, methanol-based single-cell protein powder, plant protein source, and energy source are put into the main mixer for the first stage of mixing. Then, the carrier and functional additives are added for the second stage of mixing until the mixing uniformity CV ≤ 7%. S4. Finished product processing: Depending on the needs of different farmed animals, the mixed materials can be granulated or extruded. Then, the uniformly mixed or processed materials are metered and packaged to obtain the final feed composition product.

8. The method for preparing a methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cell wall disruption treatment in S1 is performed using one of the following methods: high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonic disruption, or enzymatic hydrolysis. The disruption pressure is 60-120 MPa, and the treatment is repeated 1-3 times.

9. The method for preparing a methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to claim 7, characterized in that: The speed of the mixer in the first stage of mixing in S3 is 20-35 r / min, and the speed of the mixer in the second stage of mixing is 15-25 r / min.

10. The method for preparing a methanol-based single-cell biological protein feed composition according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mixing time of the first stage mixer in S3 is 5-10 minutes, and the mixing time of the second stage mixer is 5-10 minutes.