Construction method of interface reinforcing structure for waterproofing and preventing tiles from falling in sunken toilet and interface reinforcing structure

Abstract

The application relates to a construction method of a waterproof and anti-brick-falling interface reinforcing structure of a sunken toilet, which comprises the following steps: S1, brushing waterproof slurry containing quartz sand particles on the surface of a concrete backfill layer to form a primer layer; S2, when the primer layer is surface-dried but not completely hardened, using a tooth-shaped scraper to batch-scrub two layers of waterproof slurry along two intersecting directions to form three-dimensional grid-shaped serration lines on the surface of the unhardened waterproof slurry, and the quartz sand particles are directionally arranged and partially embedded in the interior of the waterproof slurry; and S3, naturally curing until the waterproof slurry is completely hardened to form an interface reinforcing structure with a flexible waterproof layer and rigid anchoring points, and the ceramic tiles can be directly laid without additional roughening. The application utilizes the plasticity of the waterproof layer in a semi-dry state, forcibly presses the tooth-shaped scraper and directionally arranges the quartz sand particles to establish a continuous stress transmission framework in the waterproof film, retains the ductility of the flexible waterproof layer, provides the rigid anchoring points, and realizes the interface reinforcing structure with rigid and flexible integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building interior waterproofing and decoration technology, specifically to a construction method and interface reinforcement structure for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms. Background Technology

[0002] Most bathroom waterproofing currently available on the market uses roller coating, which is prone to holes and requires high-quality substrate preparation. The application of the waterproofing layer depends on the skill and patience of the construction workers, and the process is not standardized, which greatly affects the quality of construction. In addition, the waterproofing powder is very easy to settle at the bottom, which is not conducive to roller coating. A thick waterproofing layer in the later stage can also affect the hollowing of tiles.

[0003] The current mainstream construction process for sunken bathrooms is as follows: leveling the bottom of the sunken area, fixing pipes, applying flexible waterproofing, water tightness test, building grids, backfilling with expanded clay, steel mesh, concrete layer, applying flexible waterproofing again to the walls / floor, waiting for the waterproofing layer to fully dry (more than 24 hours), using cement mortar or interface agent to manually roughen / chisele the surface, waiting for the roughened layer to dry, and then laying tiles.

[0004] After the concrete layer has cured, a flexible waterproof layer needs to be applied again to the surface of the concrete backfill layer to meet waterproofing requirements. However, the weak interfacial bonding between this flexible waterproof layer and the subsequent tile adhesive is a long-standing technical problem in this field. The inherent defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies are as follows: 1. Insufficient interfacial bonding leads to hollow areas / tile falling off: After the flexible waterproof layer forms a film, its surface is smooth and has low surface energy. The adhesion to cement-based tile adhesive is mainly achieved through physical anchoring. Traditional processes require waiting for the waterproof layer to completely dry before roughening or chiseling it a second time. This process not only increases the construction period, but the impact generated by chiseling can easily damage the continuity of the waterproof layer, leading to the risk of leakage.

[0005] 2. Lengthy process and cross-contamination: The five-step process of waterproofing → drying → roughening → drying → tiling takes about 48 to 72 hours. In addition, if the ordinary cement mortar used in the roughening process is incompatible with the waterproofing layer material, shrinkage cracks are likely to occur.

[0006] 3. Uncontrollable texturing quality: Traditional texturing uses broom beating or roller coating, resulting in random textures with varying depths, which cannot form a regular mechanical anchoring structure, and areas with thin or missed brushing are difficult to inspect.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a process that allows for the simultaneous application of waterproofing layers and surface roughening treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention aims to provide a process that simultaneously completes waterproofing layer construction and interface roughening treatment, thereby resolving the contradictions in the prior art such as weak bonding between flexible waterproofing layers and tile adhesive layers, easy hollowing, and long construction cycles.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The first objective of this invention is to provide a construction method for an interface reinforcement structure for waterproofing and preventing tile detachment in sunken bathrooms, comprising the following steps: S1. Apply a waterproof slurry containing quartz sand particles to the surface of the concrete backfill layer of the sunken bathroom to form a base layer; S2. When the bottom layer is dry but not fully hardened, use a toothed scraper to apply the second layer of waterproof slurry along the first direction, and then apply the third layer of waterproof slurry along the second direction that intersects with the first direction. This creates a three-dimensional grid-like sawtooth pattern on the surface of the unhardened waterproof slurry. The quartz sand particles are oriented and partially embedded in the waterproof slurry during the scraping process. S3. Allow the waterproof slurry to cure naturally until it is fully hardened to form an interface-enhanced structure that combines a flexible waterproof layer with rigid anchor points, allowing for direct tile installation without additional roughening.

[0010] Specifically, the waterproof slurry is a polymer cement waterproof coating, comprising polymer cement powder and quartz sand.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the quartz sand is 40-70 mesh.

[0012] Specifically, the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the polymer cement powder is (10-15):100.

[0013] Specifically, the tooth size of the toothed scraper is (2-5)mm × (2-5)mm.

[0014] Specifically, the depth of the serrated pattern is 1-2 mm.

[0015] The second objective of this invention is to provide an interface reinforcement structure obtained by the construction method described above, comprising a waterproof interface layer disposed on a concrete backfill layer, wherein the surface of the waterproof interface layer has a three-dimensional mesh-like sawtooth pattern formed by the superposition of two intersecting toothed plaster layers, and quartz sand particles are uniformly dispersed inside the waterproof slurry, wherein some of the quartz sand particles protrude from the surface of the sawtooth pattern and some are embedded inside the waterproof slurry, forming a continuous stress-transfer rigid skeleton.

[0016] Specifically, the 28-day pull-out bond strength of the waterproof interface layer is ≥1.28 MPa.

[0017] Specifically, the adhesion strength retention rate of the waterproof interface layer after 70°C heat aging for 7 days is ≥82%.

[0018] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention overcomes a long-standing technical bias in the field—that "the waterproof layer must be completely dry and cured before roughening can be performed, otherwise the film quality will be compromised." This invention utilizes the plasticity of the waterproof layer in its semi-dry state, and through the forced pressing of a toothed scraper and the directional arrangement of quartz sand particles, establishes a continuous stress transfer skeleton within the waterproof membrane. This preserves the ductility (crack resistance) of the flexible waterproof layer while providing rigid anchoring points (anti-slip), achieving a "rigid-flexible" interface reinforcement structure. The 28-day pull-out bond strength of the waterproof interface layer is ≥1.28 MPa, with a maximum of 1.68 MPa; after 7 days of heat aging at 70℃, the bond strength retention rate is ≥82%, with a maximum retention rate of 84.2%. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0020] Example 1: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing tile detachment in sunken bathrooms, including the following steps: Prepare the waterproof slurry, which includes waterproof coating, cement powder and 50-mesh quartz sand particles. The mass ratio of waterproof coating to cement powder is 1:2.5, and the mass of quartz sand particles is 12% of the mass of cement powder. Stir for 3 minutes.

[0021] S1. After the base layer of the sunken toilet is properly treated, the above-mentioned waterproof slurry is applied to the surface of the concrete backfill layer to form the base layer: thickness 0.6mm, ambient temperature 25℃, humidity 60%, surface drying time 90 min; S2. Apply the slurry horizontally using a 3mm×3mm toothed scraper, with a slurry usage of 1.2kg / m²; then apply it vertically with the same amount to form a three-dimensional grid-like sawtooth pattern. S3. Cure for 24 hours until the waterproof slurry is completely hardened to form a waterproof interface layer. Perform a 48-hour water tightness test with no leakage. Use ordinary C2 type tile adhesive to thinly bond 300×600mm tiles. After 28 days, the pull-out test shows a bond strength of 1.52MPa (the failure interface is located inside the waterproof layer, and no detachment of the tile from the waterproof layer occurred).

[0022] Example 2: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms, which is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the particle size of the quartz sand particles in the waterproof slurry is 40 mesh.

[0023] Example 3: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms, which is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the particle size of the quartz sand particles in the waterproof slurry is 70 mesh.

[0024] Example 4: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms, which is basically the same as the embodiment except that the mass of the quartz sand particles is 10% of the mass of the cement powder.

[0025] Example 5: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms, which is basically the same as the embodiment except that the mass of the quartz sand particles is 15% of the mass of the cement powder.

[0026] Example 6: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms, which is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the mass ratio of waterproof coating to cement powder is 1:2.

[0027] Example 7: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms, which is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the mass ratio of waterproof coating to cement powder is 1:3.

[0028] Example 8: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms, which is basically the same as the embodiment except that the tooth size of the toothed scraper is 2mm×2mm.

[0029] Example 9: Construction of a sunken bathroom (2.4m × 1.8m) in a residential building: This embodiment provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in sunken bathrooms, which is basically the same as the embodiment except that the tooth size of the toothed scraper is 5mm×5mm.

[0030] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example uses traditional waterproofing and tiling techniques for a sunken bathroom, with dimensions of 2.4m × 1.8m. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Apply polymer cement waterproof coating to the surface of the concrete backfill layer to form a flexible waterproof layer. The coating amount is controlled at 1.2 kg / m² and the thickness is about 0.6 mm. (2) Under standard curing conditions (temperature 23℃±2℃, relative humidity 50%±5%), wait for the waterproof layer to dry completely for 24 hours; (3) Use a regular broom to pat and roughen the surface of the completely dried waterproof layer to create a rough interface. During the roughening process, it was found that the waterproof membrane was punctured by the broom tip in two places, exposing the base layer, which required touch-up treatment; (4) After applying the waterproofing coating, wait 24 hours for it to dry completely. (5) Use ordinary C2 grade tile adhesive and lay 300mm×600mm ceramic tiles using the thin-set method.

[0031] Comparative Example 2 provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in a sunken bathroom. It is basically the same as Example 1, except that quartz sand particles are not added to the waterproof slurry.

[0032] Comparative Example 3 provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in a sunken bathroom. It is basically the same as Example 1, except that in step S2, only a 3mm×3mm toothed scraper is used for horizontal full application, and the amount of slurry used is 1.2kg / m².

[0033] Comparative Example 4 provides an interface reinforcement structure and construction method for waterproofing and preventing brick falling in a sunken bathroom. It is basically the same as Example 1, except that in step S2, only a 3mm×3mm toothed scraper is used for longitudinal full application, and the amount of slurry used is 1.2kg / m².

[0034] The following tests were conducted on the tiles used in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-4: Pull-out test for bond strength: The test was conducted according to Clause 7.6 of GB / T 23445-2009 "Polymer Cement Waterproof Coatings". A 50mm × 50mm pull-out head was adhered to the surface of the waterproof interface layer using epoxy resin adhesive. After curing for 24 hours under standard curing conditions (temperature 23℃±2℃, relative humidity 50%±5%), a tensile force was applied at a loading rate of (250±50) N / s using a digital pull-out testing machine. The failure load was measured, and the bond strength was calculated using the formula. Five specimens were tested for each sample, and the arithmetic mean was taken as the test result.

[0035] Bond strength test after heat aging: The test was conducted in accordance with Clause 7.11 of JC / T 547-2017 "Ceramic Tile Adhesives". The prepared specimens were placed in a forced-air drying oven at (70±2)℃ for 7 days. After being removed, they were placed under standard curing conditions for 24 hours. Then, a pull-out test was performed according to the above bond strength test method, and the bond strength retention rate after heat aging was calculated.

[0036] Crack resistance test: The test was conducted according to the circumferential restraint shrinkage test method specified in GB / T 16777-2008 "Test Methods for Waterproof Coatings for Buildings". The waterproof slurry was applied to a circumferential restraint mold with an inner diameter of 200 mm, an outer diameter of 220 mm, and a height of 30 mm. The mold was cured under standard curing conditions for 28 days. The width of surface cracks was measured using a crack observation instrument, and the presence or absence of penetrating cracks was recorded.

[0037] The results are as follows:

[0038] The table above shows that the cross-scraping data of Example 1, compared to the unidirectional scraping data of Comparative Examples 3-4, demonstrates that cross-scraping increases the pull-out strength by more than 40%. This proves that the three-dimensional mesh structure provides isotropic mechanical anchoring, while unidirectional textures are prone to slippage in the vertical direction.

[0039] Compared to Comparative Example 2, Example 1 shows that the addition of quartz sand particles increased the tensile strength by 78%. This demonstrates that quartz sand not only physically roughens the surface but also forms "rigid islands" under stress, preventing crack propagation.

[0040] Advantages of thermal aging: Compared with the comparative examples, the retention rate of the present invention is >82%, while that of the comparative example is only 60%. This indicates that the traditional roughening layer and waterproof layer have a large difference in thermal expansion coefficients, and the interface deteriorates severely at high temperatures; while the present invention embeds quartz sand inside the waterproof layer to form a gradient composite structure, which has good thermal matching.

[0041] Examples 1 / 8-9 show that the tooth size of the toothed scraper has a significant impact on the bonding performance of the interface-reinforced structure. When the tooth size is 2mm×2mm, the density of serrations per unit area is the highest (approximately 625 per 100cm²), providing the most mechanical anchoring points for the tile adhesive. The 28-day pull-out bond strength reaches 1.61 MPa, and the crack resistance is optimal (crack width 0.03mm). When the tooth size increases to 5mm×5mm, the anchoring point density per unit area decreases to approximately 400 per 100cm², the bond strength decreases by approximately 16%, and the crack width doubles. Therefore, the preferred tooth size in this invention is 2mm×2mm to 3mm×3mm, within which the best interface reinforcement effect can be obtained. When the tooth size exceeds 4mm×4mm, the interface reinforcement effect shows a significant decreasing trend; therefore, using excessively large tooth sizes is not recommended.

[0042] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for an interface reinforcement structure for waterproofing and preventing tile falling in a sunken bathroom, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Apply a waterproof slurry containing quartz sand particles to the surface of the concrete backfill layer of the sunken bathroom to form a base layer; S2. When the bottom layer is dry but not fully hardened, use a toothed scraper to apply the second layer of waterproof slurry along the first direction, and then apply the third layer of waterproof slurry along the second direction that intersects with the first direction. This creates a three-dimensional grid-like sawtooth pattern on the surface of the unhardened waterproof slurry. The quartz sand particles are oriented and partially embedded in the waterproof slurry during the scraping process. S3. Allow the waterproof slurry to cure naturally until it is fully hardened to form an interface-enhanced structure that combines a flexible waterproof layer with rigid anchor points, allowing for direct tile installation without additional roughening.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof slurry is a polymer cement waterproof coating, comprising polymer cement powder and quartz sand.

3. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The particle size of the quartz sand is 40-70 mesh.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the quartz sand to the polymer cement powder is (10-15):

100.

5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tooth size of the toothed scraper is (2-5)mm × (2-5)mm.

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the serrated pattern is 1-2 mm.

7. An interface-reinforced structure obtained by the construction method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It includes a waterproof interface layer set on the concrete backfill layer. The surface of the waterproof interface layer has a three-dimensional grid-like sawtooth pattern formed by the superposition of two intersecting toothed trowel layers. Quartz sand particles are uniformly dispersed inside the waterproof slurry. Some of the quartz sand particles protrude from the surface of the sawtooth pattern and some are embedded in the interior of the waterproof slurry, forming a continuous stress-transfer rigid skeleton.

8. The interface enhancement structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The 28-day pull-out bond strength of the waterproof interface layer is ≥1.28 MPa.

9. The interface enhancement structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adhesion strength retention rate of the waterproof interface layer after 70°C heat aging for 7 days is ≥82%.

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