Optical lens and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses an optical lens and an electronic device. The optical lens comprises first to ninth lenses in sequence from a first side to a second side along an optical axis. The first lens has positive optical power, and a first side surface thereof is a convex surface. The second lens has negative optical power, and a first side surface thereof is a convex surface, and a second side surface thereof is a concave surface. The third lens has negative optical power, and a first side surface thereof is a concave surface, and a second side surface thereof is a convex surface. The fifth lens has a convex second side surface. The eighth lens has positive optical power, and a first side surface thereof is a convex surface. The ninth lens has positive optical power, and a first side surface thereof is a convex surface. The optical lens satisfies: -13.791<=F3 / F<=-2.204.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical components, and more specifically, to an optical lens and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the advanced autonomous driving, intelligent transportation, and security monitoring industries have developed rapidly, and radar-visual fusion perception solutions have become the core development direction for vehicle-mounted forward-looking and roadside perception equipment. Radar-visual fusion lenses integrate millimeter-wave radar / LiDAR with visual cameras, relying on hardware synchronization and data fusion to achieve complementary perception of precise radar ranging and speed measurement and visual semantic recognition. This can compensate for the shortcomings of single sensors in detection accuracy and adaptability to harsh environments.

[0003] Existing visual color cameras and lidar radars use two independent optical systems, which have the following drawbacks: 1. When relying solely on a single-channel visible light imaging system to observe targets at long distances, the target detail recognition is poor and the long-distance imaging clarity is insufficient, making it difficult to meet the long-distance recognition requirements of advanced intelligent driving. 2. Pure vision lenses suffer severe image attenuation under adverse conditions such as rain, fog, strong light, and low light at night. Standalone radars lack semantic information in images. When the two types of devices are arranged separately, the spatial calibration error is large, and the matching of radar point clouds and image pixels is seriously misaligned. 3. The separate LiDAR and camera optical path structures are bulky and have complicated assembly and calibration processes, making it impossible to meet the needs of miniaturized assembly. The spatiotemporal synchronization of multi-sensor data is difficult, ultimately resulting in low accuracy in target recognition and ranging, making it difficult to adapt to the current diversified and high-end vehicle and security sensing market. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to provide an optical lens and electronic device that has good imaging quality in both visible and infrared light bands, enabling the optical lens to simultaneously meet the performance requirements of color cameras and lidar, thereby solving at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides an optical lens and electronic device comprising, sequentially from a first side to a ninth lens along the optical axis from a first side to a second side. The first lens has a positive optical power and its first side is convex; the second lens has a negative optical power, its first side is convex, and its second side is concave; the third lens has a negative optical power, its first side is concave, and its second side is convex; the fifth lens has a convex second side; the eighth lens has a positive optical power and its first side is convex; and the ninth lens has a positive optical power and its first side is convex. The optical lens satisfies: -13.791 ≤ F3 / F ≤ -2.204.

[0006] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the second side surface of the first lens is concave; or, the second side surface of the first lens is convex; the fourth lens has negative optical power, its first side surface is convex and its second side surface is concave; or, the fourth lens has negative optical power, its first side surface is concave and its second side surface is concave; or, the fourth lens has positive optical power, its first side surface is convex and its second side surface is convex; the fifth lens has positive optical power, its first side surface is convex and its second side surface is convex; or, the fifth lens has negative optical power, its first side surface is concave and its second side surface is convex; the sixth lens has positive optical power, its first side surface is convex and its second side surface is convex; or, the sixth lens has negative optical power, its first side surface is concave and its second side surface is convex. The seventh lens has negative optical power, with its first and second sides being concave; or, the seventh lens has negative optical power, with its first side being concave and its second side being convex; or, the seventh lens has negative optical power, with its first side being convex and its second side being concave; or, the seventh lens has positive optical power, with its first and second sides being convex; the eighth lens has positive optical power, with its first and second sides being convex; or, the eighth lens has positive optical power, with its first side being convex and its second side being concave; the ninth lens has positive optical power, with its first and second sides being convex; or, the ninth lens has positive optical power, with its first side being convex and its second side being concave.

[0007] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 49.572≤(FOV×F) / H≤68.516, 3.004≤TTL / F≤7.022, 0.157≤TTL / H / FOV≤0.498, 2.059≤TTL / DMAX≤5.024, 0.224≤(F θ) / D≤0.542, 0.061≤D / H / FOV≤0.136, 0.071≤D / H / F≤0.294, 0.015≤|(HF θ) / (F θ)|≤0.044, 1.16≤F / H≤3.075, 0.935≤F / ENPD≤2.768, 0.026≤F / ENPD / D≤0.133, 0.52≤DST / F≤1.646, 0.791≤(H / 2) / (F tan(θ / 2))≤1.114、0.865≤(F / H) θ≤1.196, 6.353≤TTL / H≤11.489.

[0008] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the effective focal length F1 of the first lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens satisfy: 1.632≤F1 / F≤4.937.

[0009] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the effective focal length F2 of the second lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens satisfy: -1.423≤F2 / F≤-0.756.

[0010] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the air gap T12 between the first lens and the second lens and the air gap T23 between the second lens and the third lens satisfy: 0.238≤T12 / T23≤1.577.

[0011] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 1.196≤F9 / BFL≤2.358, 0.57≤F1 / F9≤1.714, -5.288≤F3 / F9≤-0.748.

[0012] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the radius of curvature R7 of the first side surface of the fourth lens and the radius of curvature R10 of the second side surface of the fifth lens satisfy: 0.237≤|R7 / R10|≤11.839.

[0013] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the maximum value among the air gaps T45 from the fourth to the fifth lens, the air gap T56 from the fifth to the sixth lens, the air gap T67 from the sixth to the seventh lens, and the air gap T78 from the seventh to the eighth lens satisfies the following condition with the total optical length TTL of the optical lens: 0.001≤MAX(T45, T56, T67, T78) / TTL≤0.128.

[0014] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 0.053≤|F8 / F6+F8 / F7|≤1.084, 0≤MAX(T67, T78) / TTL≤0.063; Where F8 is the effective focal length of the eighth lens, F6 is the effective focal length of the sixth lens, F7 is the effective focal length of the seventh lens, T67 is the air gap between the sixth and seventh lenses, T78 is the air gap between the seventh and eighth lenses, and TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens.

[0015] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the effective focal length F9 of the ninth lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens satisfy: 2.167≤F9 / F≤3.513.

[0016] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the radius of curvature R5 of the first side surface of the third lens and the radius of curvature R6 of the second side surface of the third lens satisfy: 0.546≤R5 / R6≤0.889.

[0017] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the back focal length BFL of the optical lens and the total optical length TTL of the optical lens satisfy the following condition: 0.222≤BFL / TTL≤0.468.

[0018] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the effective focal length F2 of the second lens and the effective focal length F3 of the third lens satisfy: 0.063≤F2 / F3≤0.394.

[0019] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the effective focal length F4 of the fourth lens and the effective focal length F5 of the fifth lens satisfy: -2.283≤F4 / F5≤-0.094.

[0020] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the effective focal length F6 of the sixth lens and the effective focal length F7 of the seventh lens satisfy: -3.342≤F6 / F7≤-0.342.

[0021] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the optical power of the fourth lens and the fifth lens have opposite signs.

[0022] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the optical power of the sixth lens and the seventh lens have opposite signs.

[0023] According to an exemplary embodiment of this application, the optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 58.32≤(FOV×F) / H≤59.579, 3.534≤TTL / F≤6.106, 0.185≤TTL / H / FOV≤0.433, 2.422≤TTL / DMAX≤4.369, 0.264≤(F θ) / D≤0.471, 0.072≤D / H / FOV≤0.118, 0.084≤D / H / F≤0.256, 0.018≤|(HF θ) / (F θ)|≤0.038, 0.261≤BFL / TTL≤0.407, 1.365≤F / H≤2.674, 1.1≤F / ENPD≤2.407, 0.031≤F / ENPD / D≤0.116, 0.612≤DST / F≤1.431, 0.93≤(H / 2) / (F tan(θ / 2))≤0.969, 1.018≤(F / H) θ≤1.04, 7.474≤TTL / H≤9.99, 1.92≤F1 / F≤4.293, -1.237≤F2 / F≤-0.889, -11.992≤F3 / F≤-2.593, 2.549≤F9 / F≤3.055, 0.642 ≤R5 / R6≤0.773, 0.28≤T12 / T23≤1.371, 1.407≤F9 / BFL≤2.05, 0.67≤F1 / F9≤1.49, -4.598≤F3 / F9≤-0.88, 0.279≤|R7 / R10|≤10 .295, 0.001≤MAX(T45, T56, T67, T78) / TTL≤0.111, 0.062≤|F8 / F6+F8 / F7|≤0.943, 0≤MAX(T67, T78) / TTL≤0.055, 0.074≤F2 / F3≤0.343, -1.985≤F4 / F5≤-0.111, -2.906≤F6 / F7≤-0.402; where FOV is the maximum field of view of the optical lens, H is the image height corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens, and DMA is the maximum field of view of the optical lens. X is the maximum effective aperture among all lenses in the optical lens; θ is the radian value of the maximum field of view of the optical lens; D is the maximum aperture of the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens; BFL is the back focal length of the optical lens; ENPD is the entrance pupil diameter of the optical lens; DST is the effective aperture diameter of the optical lens; F1 is the effective focal length of the first lens; F2 is the effective focal length of the second lens; F9 is the effective focal length of the ninth lens; R5 is the radius of curvature of the first side of the third lens; R6 is the radius of curvature of the second side of the third lens; T12 is the distance from the first lens to the second lens. The air gaps between the lenses are as follows: T23 is the air gap between the second and third lenses; R7 is the radius of curvature of the first side of the fourth lens; R10 is the radius of curvature of the second side of the fifth lens; T45 is the air gap between the fourth and fifth lenses; T56 is the air gap between the fifth and sixth lenses; T67 is the air gap between the sixth and seventh lenses; T78 is the air gap between the seventh and eighth lenses; F8 is the effective focal length of the eighth lens; F6 is the effective focal length of the sixth lens; F7 is the effective focal length of the seventh lens; F4 is the effective focal length of the fourth lens; and F5 is the effective focal length of the fifth lens.

[0024] The second aspect of this application provides an electronic device comprising an optical lens as described in the exemplary embodiments above, and at least one of a photosensitive element and a light source; wherein the photosensitive element is located on a second side of the optical lens and is used to convert an optical image or optical information formed by the optical lens into an electrical signal; wherein the light source is located on the second side of the optical lens, and the light emitted by the light source is projected onto a first side of the optical lens after passing through the optical lens, and forms an image or illuminated area on the first side of the optical lens.

[0025] The optical lens according to the embodiments of this application employs nine lenses with optical power. The first lens has positive optical power and its first side is convex; the second lens has negative optical power, its first side is convex and its second side is concave; the third lens has negative optical power, its first side is concave and its second side is convex; the fourth lens has optical power; the fifth lens has a convex second side; the sixth lens has optical power; the seventh lens has optical power; the eighth lens has positive optical power and its first side is convex; and the ninth lens has positive optical power and its first side is convex. By rationally allocating the center thickness of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth lenses along the optical axis, and controlling the ratio of the focal length of the third lens to the system focal length (i.e., -13.791 ≤ F3 / F ≤ -2.204), the third lens, with its relatively long focal length, combined with the first two negative lenses in the combined structure, can effectively optimize aberration performance in each field of view and improve the lens's MTF performance while ensuring a large light intake. Controlling -13.791≤F3 / F≤-2.204 effectively balances overall system aberrations, further diverges light, and increases the amount of light entering the lens. It also precisely corrects aberrations generated by the front lens element, comprehensively improving the imaging quality of each field of view. At the same time, the upper and lower limits of this parameter strictly limit the focal length variation range of the third lens element, clarifying that the third lens element plays a core role in diverging light. It allows the diverging beam to be smoothly and evenly incident on the rear lens element, systematically correcting aberrations across the entire field of view. This is the core key to ensuring high imaging quality of optical lenses. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical lens according to Embodiments 1 to 13 of this application is shown; Figure 14 and Figure 15 The following are the modulation transfer function (MTF) curves and dot plots for the visible light band of Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 16 and Figure 17 The following are the modulation transfer function (MTF) curves and dot plots for the infrared band of Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 18 and Figure 19 The following are the modulation transfer function (MTF) curves and dot plots for the visible light band of Embodiment 5 of this application; Figure 20 and Figure 21 The graph and dot plot are of the modulation transfer function (MTF) curves for the infrared band in Embodiment 5 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To better understand this application, various aspects of this application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these detailed descriptions are merely illustrative of exemplary embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application in any way. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements. It should be noted that in this specification, the terms first, second, third, etc., are used only to distinguish one feature from another and do not indicate any limitation on the features. Therefore, the first lens discussed below may also be referred to as the second lens or the third lens without departing from the teachings of this application. In the drawings, for ease of illustration, the thickness, size, and shape of the lenses have been slightly exaggerated. Specifically, the shapes of spherical or aspherical surfaces shown in the drawings are illustrated by way of example. That is, the shapes of spherical or aspherical surfaces are not limited to those shown in the drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not strictly drawn to scale.

[0028] In this paper, the paraxial region refers to the region near the optical axis. If the lens surface is convex and the location of the convexity is not defined, it means that the lens surface is convex at least in the paraxial region; if the lens surface is concave and the location of the concaveness is not defined, it means that the lens surface is concave at least in the paraxial region. The surface of each lens closest to the first side is called the first side surface of the lens, and the surface of each lens closest to the second side is called the second side surface of the lens.

[0029] It should also be understood that the terms "comprising," "including," and / or "having," when used in this specification, indicate the presence of the stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of this application, the word "may" is used to mean "one or more embodiments of this application." And the term "exemplary" is intended to refer to an example or illustration. Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It should also be understood that terms (e.g., terms defined in common dictionaries) should be interpreted as having the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. It should be noted that, without conflict, embodiments and features in embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] The features, principles and other aspects of this application are described in detail below.

[0031] An optical lens according to an exemplary embodiment of this application may include, for example, nine lenses with optical power, namely a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, and a ninth lens, which are arranged sequentially from the first side to the second side along the optical axis.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens can be a light-receiving lens, which is typically used to collect light from the object space. The collected light is used to form detection information, including but not limited to imaging, laser point clouds, depth information, etc. The optical lens can be used as, for example, an imaging lens, a night vision lens, an infrared lens, a microscope lens, a telescope lens, or a detection lens, etc. In this case, the first side of the optical lens can be the object side, and the second side can be the image side. Light from the object side can be imaged on the image side. The second side of the optical lens is provided with the imaging surface of the optical lens.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens can be a light-emitting lens, which is typically used to transmit light from a light-emitting unit to an object space. Depending on the function of the light, the light transmitted to the object space can be divided into projection light for forming a projected image, detection light for detecting target information, or illumination light, etc. The optical lens can be used as, for example, a projection lens, an illumination lens, or a lidar transmitter lens, etc. In this case, the second side of the optical lens can be the light source side, and the first side can be the object side. Light from the light source side can be projected onto the object on the object side. The second side of the optical lens is provided with the light source surface of the optical lens.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the first lens may have positive optical power, and its first side surface may be, for example, convex, and its second side surface may be, for example, concave. The first lens has positive optical power and a convex-concave shape, which can converge light rays. Its first surface is convex to the object side, which can converge and focus the object-side light beam to achieve convergent imaging of the system; the lens is concave to the image side, which can gather and soften the object-side light rays, making the edge field of view beam path smoother, reducing the light deflection angle, and helping to reduce edge field of view aberrations.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, the second lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, convex, and its second side may be, for example, concave. This allows the light beam received by the first lens to diverge, achieving a greater amount of light intake and enabling the system to have a small FNO, which is beneficial for improving image illumination. At the same time, the object side is designed to be convex, which, in conjunction with the concave image side, can change the light trajectory, allowing the light emitted through the second lens to enter the rear lens more smoothly, reducing the system's sensitivity to light.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, the third lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, concave, and its second side may be, for example, convex, which can serve to diverge light. The first side being concave can further increase the amount of light entering the lens; the second side being convex can converge the light divergence angle, control the light height, reduce the aperture of the rear lens group, and at the same time reduce various aberrations such as field curvature and astigmatism.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, convex, and its second side may be, for example, concave. The object-side convex surface helps to receive large-angle beams emitted from the third lens, and the curvature of the convex surface can gently converge the front-end light and reduce off-axis aberrations. The image-side concave surface can reduce the incident angle of light, suppress aberrations, make the emitted light path smoother, and reduce the system's light sensitivity.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, concave, and its second side may be, for example, concave, which can quickly diffuse light into the fifth lens, helping to increase the optical path of the edge field of view, alleviate the resolution pressure of the fifth lens, and optimize various aberrations such as distortion and astigmatism.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth lens may have positive optical power, and its first side surface may be, for example, a convex surface, and its second side surface may be, for example, a convex surface, which can converge and focus the light beam in front to begin system convergent imaging; the object-side convex surface can gather the light rays that have been fully diverged by the third lens, avoid excessive beam diffusion, reduce the incident angle deviation of off-axis light rays, and lay the foundation for stable transmission of the subsequent optical path; the image-side convex surface can further enhance the converging effect, supplement the positive optical power of the system, balance the beam divergence effect caused by the negative optical power of the second and third lenses, and help reduce the optical power burden of the fifth lens.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth lens may have positive optical power, and its first side may be, for example, convex, and its second side may be, for example, convex, which can further converge and focus the light beam in front, thus promoting the convergent imaging of the system. At the same time, by relying on the curvature combination of the double convex surfaces, it can specifically compensate for the aberrations generated by the accumulation of multiple negative optical power lenses in the front group, and by using the light-convexity effect of the lens itself, the light can be smoothly transmitted to the image plane, which is beneficial to improving the overall imaging quality.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth lens may have positive optical power, and its first side may be, for example, concave, and its second side may be, for example, convex. The object-side concave surface can reduce the incident angle of light, making the optical path smoother and reducing various aberrations such as spherical aberration; the image-side convex surface can converge light, and the light deflection is shared by the curvature on both sides, further converging the light beam and transmitting it to the rear end to complete the resolution. During the process, the light beam gradually converges and shrinks, which is beneficial to reducing the lens aperture of the rear lens, thereby realizing the miniaturization and low-cost design of the optical system.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, concave, and its second side may be, for example, convex. The object-side concave surface is a characteristic configuration of a negative lens, which can reduce the incident angle of light and make the incident light more gently, effectively reducing imaging aberrations. The image-side convex surface can converge the incident light rays, so that the light rays exiting the lens can enter the sixth lens more smoothly, which is beneficial for correcting various optical aberrations such as astigmatism and field curvature.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the sixth lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, concave, and its second side may be, for example, concave, which can correct various aberrations such as chromatic aberration and field curvature of the system; the object-side concave surface can diverge the incident light, reduce the incident angle of the light, share the negative optical power, and effectively correct spherical aberration; the image-side concave surface can correct field curvature and astigmatism, optimize the smoothness of the optical path, control the height of the light, and help reduce the overall size of the system.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the sixth lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, concave, and its second side may be, for example, convex. The object-side concave surface can allow the light from the front group to be incident smoothly, reducing the incident angle of the light. In conjunction with the front group positive lens, it can further correct various aberrations such as field curvature and astigmatism of the system. The image-side convex surface can converge the incident light, balance the overall optical power of the system, optimize the optical path, and allow the light to be incident smoothly into the subsequent lenses, effectively correcting the edge aberrations of the system and improving the edge sharpness of the system image.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, the sixth lens may have positive optical power. Its first side surface may be, for example, convex, and its second side surface may be, for example, convex. The object-side convex surface can initially converge light rays and reduce the incident angle of light rays; the image-side convex surface can further converge the light beam, providing the system with overall positive optical power. The sixth lens mainly undertakes the functions of outputting positive optical power and converging imaging, effectively correcting spherical aberration and chromatic aberration, narrowing the light path, and optimizing the overall imaging effect.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the seventh lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, concave, and its second side may be, for example, concave. It can diffuse light and quickly diffuse the light into the rear lens group, which helps to increase the optical path of the edge field of view, relieve the resolution pressure of the three rear lenses, and optimize various aberrations such as distortion and astigmatism.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the seventh lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, convex and its second side may be, for example, concave. This can balance the strong convergence tendency generated by the preceding lens group and adjust the total optical power of the system through its own negative optical power, avoiding over-focusing or image plane position shift. At the same time, relying on the curvature combination of the convex and concave surfaces, it can specifically compensate for various aberrations accumulated by the preceding multiple positive optical power lenses, eliminating imaging blur and edge distortion caused by aberration superposition. Furthermore, thanks to the light divergence effect of the negative lens, light can be smoothly transmitted to the image plane, effectively improving the system's imaging quality.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, the seventh lens may have negative optical power, and its first side may be, for example, concave, and its second side may be, for example, convex, which can serve to diverge light. The object-side concave surface combined with the image-side convex surface can widen the field of view, and the image-side convex surface can moderately converge the light divergence angle to prevent edge light from overflowing into the rear lens group, while optimizing various aberrations such as distortion and astigmatism.

[0049] In an exemplary embodiment, the seventh lens may have positive optical power, and its first side may be, for example, a convex surface, and its second side may be, for example, a convex surface, which can quickly collect and converge light, thus facilitating the reduction of the rear port diameter and the miniaturization of the system; the object-side convex surface can collect light to the maximum extent and send it into the subsequent optical path, while the image-side convex surface can smoothly transition the beam, further reducing the overall size of the system.

[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, the eighth lens may have positive optical power, and its first side surface may be, for example, convex, and its second side surface may be, for example, convex, which can converge and gather the light beam, smoothly gather the light beam in front, and reduce the resolving pressure of the ninth lens; the object-side convex surface can efficiently converge and gather the light beam emitted from the preceding lens, concentrate the light energy, and provide a basis for imaging; the image-side convex surface can further enhance the light convergence effect and smoothly transmit the light beam to the subsequent lens or image plane.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical power of the fourth and fifth lenses has opposite signs.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical power of the sixth and seventh lenses has opposite signs.

[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth and sixth lenses can be cemented together to form a cemented doublet lens. Either the fifth or sixth lens can have a positive focal length, and the system can also be configured with a set of positive focal length cemented triplet lenses. The cemented doublet lens can effectively correct overall system aberrations and, in conjunction with the front and rear lens groups, optimize on-axis imaging quality. Simultaneously, the cemented doublet lens can reasonably balance the optical power distribution between the front and rear lens groups, achieving a smooth optical power transition for the rear group's optical path imaging and effectively reducing the system's optical sensitivity. Working in conjunction with the cemented triplet lens, it can achieve apochromatic effects, effectively eliminating secondary spectral distortion, resulting in clear visible light imaging without color fringing distortion, while significantly reducing radar laser focus offset and ensuring the accuracy of photoelectric fusion imaging.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth and sixth lenses can be cemented together to form a cemented doublet lens, and both the fifth and sixth lenses can have a positive focal length. The optical system employs two sets of cemented doublet lenses, which effectively simplifies the overall optical structure, improves the system's relative illumination, and balances overall aberrations across the entire field of view. The front cemented doublet lens enables a smooth transition in optical power along the optical path, softens the light propagation trend, and initially corrects various aberrations in the system. The rear cemented doublet lens further corrects chromatic aberration, stabilizes the image plane state, and improves the overall image quality of the lens.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, the ninth lens may have positive optical power, and its first side surface may be, for example, convex, and its second side surface may also be, for example, convex, enabling rapid convergence of the forward light beam. The object-side convex surface can efficiently receive and converge the light beam emitted from the preceding lens, focusing the light inward, which is beneficial to improving image quality; at the same time, the center surface of this side is relatively flat, which can reflect the light reflected from the chip a second time outside the effective range of the chip, effectively reducing the ghosting of the receiving lens. The image-side convex surface can further enhance the light-gathering capability, smoothly guiding the light beam to the image plane and optimizing the back-end imaging optical path.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the ninth lens may have positive optical power, and its first side surface may be, for example, convex, and its second side surface may be, for example, concave. The object-side convex surface can further reduce the beam converged by the front lens group for imaging; the image-side concave surface, while ensuring the overall positive optical power of the lens, can effectively suppress the distortion and field curvature generated at the edge of the field of view, achieve aberration balance across the entire field of view, and optimize the system imaging effect.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens may also include an aperture stop, which may be disposed, for example, between the fifth lens and the sixth lens, to balance the lens aperture size of the front and rear lens groups, optimize the overall structural layout, and smooth the optical path, making the light transmission more uniform and smooth, thereby helping to improve the imaging performance of the system.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens may further include a color filter located between the ninth lens and the image plane to filter light of different wavelengths.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens may also provide protective glass between the ninth lens and the image plane as needed to prevent damage to the photosensitive element or light source on the image plane.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens may further include a photosensitive element disposed on the second side, the photosensitive element being located at the IMA position. Optionally, the photosensitive element disposed on the second side may be a photocoupled device (CCD), a complementary metal oxide semiconductor device (CMOS), an avalanche photodiode detector (APD), a single-photon avalanche photodiode detector (SPAD), a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), etc.

[0061] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens may further include a light source disposed on the second side, located at the IMA position. Optionally, the light source may be an edge-emitting laser (EEL), a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), a fiber laser, an LED light source, a fluorescent laser light source, a tri-color laser light source, etc.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum field of view (FOV) of the optical lens, the total effective focal length (F) of the optical lens, and the image height (H) corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens can satisfy: 49.572 ≤ (FOV × F) / H ≤ 68.516. Preferably, 58.32 ≤ (FOV × F) / H ≤ 59.579. By controlling this relationship, the image height (H) exhibits high linearity with the change of the maximum field of view (FOV), ensuring that the position of the object on the image plane accurately corresponds to the spatial angle, effectively reducing the degree of lens imaging distortion, correcting aberrations such as system distortion and coma, improving the consistency of laser echo reception across the entire field of view, especially at the edges, avoiding problems such as light spot diffusion or distortion, and achieving high-resolution imaging effects.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, the total optical length (TTL) and the total effective focal length (F) of the optical lens can satisfy: 3.004 ≤ TTL / F ≤ 7.022. Preferably, 3.534 ≤ TTL / F ≤ 6.106. By controlling this relationship, under the premise of a fixed focal length, the smaller the ratio, the more compact the optical system structure, thus achieving miniaturization of the optical system; this lower limit ensures that the lens has sufficient physical size, providing structural space for the large-angle diverging incident light from the first negative lens, allowing the light to enter the image sensor at a gentle angle; this upper limit constrains the compactness of the system, preventing excessive expansion of the total lens length.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, the total optical length (TTL) of the optical lens, the image height (H) corresponding to the maximum field of view (FOV) of the optical lens, and the maximum field of view (FOV) of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.157 ≤ TTL / H / FOV ≤ 0.498. Preferably, 0.185 ≤ TTL / H / FOV ≤ 0.433. By controlling this relationship, under the premise of a fixed chip and field of view, the smaller the ratio, the more compact the optical system structure, thus achieving miniaturization of the optical system. This lower limit ensures that the optical system has sufficient physical length, effectively accommodating the front negative lens and reserving sufficient aberration correction space, avoiding excessive miniaturization at the expense of optical performance; this upper limit strictly limits system redundancy, achieving a highly compact design, improving optical path utilization, and eliminating wasted optical path space.

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, the total optical length (TTL) of the optical lens and the maximum effective aperture (DMAX) of all lenses in the optical lens can satisfy: 2.059 ≤ TTL / DMAX ≤ 5.024. Preferably, 2.422 ≤ TTL / DMAX ≤ 4.369. By controlling this relationship, the smaller the TTL / DMAX ratio, the smaller and more compact the overall structure of the optical system, enabling a small-aperture lens design. This lower limit prevents the total optical length from being too short, ensuring sufficient structural length relative to the maximum lens aperture to meet the requirements of the anti-telephoto structure design. It provides an effective optical path for light transmission from the front large-aperture lens to the image plane, effectively correcting large field-of-view aberrations such as astigmatism and field curvature, while ensuring sufficient back working distance. This upper limit constrains the lens aspect ratio, preventing the lens structure from being too long and thin, achieving synergistic optimization of aperture and length, improving optical design efficiency, and further compressing the structural volume and reducing the lens barrel size while ensuring optical performance, thus improving the overall mechanical stability of the lens.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, the total effective focal length F of the optical lens, the radian value θ of the maximum field of view of the optical lens, and the maximum aperture D of the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.224 ≤ (F θ) / D≤0.542. Preferably, 0.264≤(F) / D. θ) / D≤0.471. By controlling this relationship, under the premise of a fixed chip and field of view, the front port diameter can be effectively reduced, realizing the miniaturization of the system design. This upper limit of the condition can strictly limit the relative size of the maximum light-transmitting aperture, forcing the system to use a small-sized lens, significantly reducing the radial diameter of the lens, and achieving lateral compactness of the lens; this lower limit of the condition can avoid the entrance pupil diameter being too small, ensuring that the system has the basic light-transmitting capability to match a large aperture, and preventing the pursuit of miniaturization from sacrificing the optical performance of the system.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum aperture D of the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, the image height H corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, and the maximum field of view (FOV) of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.061 ≤ D / H / FOV ≤ 0.136. Preferably, 0.072 ≤ D / H / FOV ≤ 0.118. By controlling this relationship, under the condition of fixed focal length, the lens can have the optical characteristics of a large target surface and a small aperture. This constraint can ensure the large target surface compatibility of the system. Relying on the characteristic that the image height H corresponds to the sensor target surface size, the optical system can be adapted to large-size image sensors, improving the overall imaging quality; at the same time, it can drive the miniaturization of the lens front end. Under the premise of fixed image height and focal length, the aperture size of the first lens is limited, forcing the optical system to optimize the optical power distribution and aberration correction scheme, efficiently utilizing the light rays in the optical path, and realizing a compact design with a small aperture at the front end.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum aperture D of the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, the image height H corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.071≤D / H / F≤0.294. Preferably, 0.084≤D / H / F≤0.256. By controlling this relationship, the focal length and image height are kept within a reasonable range, which is beneficial to improving the lens's resolving performance. The upper limit of this condition can limit the equivalent focal length of the system from being too long, enabling a small-aperture lens design under the premise that the sensor size is determined and the image height H is fixed; the lower limit of this condition can avoid the focal length being too short, prevent the principal ray angle from being too steep, effectively suppress astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion in the edge field of view, maintain the relative illumination of the system, avoid severe vignetting problems, and ensure the uniformity of global imaging under large aperture conditions.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the image height H corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, the total effective focal length F of the optical lens, and the radian value θ of the maximum field of view of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.015 ≤ |(HF θ) / (F θ)|≤0.044. Preferably, 0.018≤|(HF)| θ) / (F θ)|≤0.038. By controlling this relationship, a smaller FNO value can be achieved, which is beneficial to increase the system's light transmittance, enlarge the entrance pupil diameter, effectively improve the detection range of the lidar, and ensure that the system has excellent high light transmittance performance.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the back focal length (BFL) of the optical lens and the total optical length (TTL) of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.222 ≤ BFL / TTL ≤ 0.468. Preferably, 0.261 ≤ BFL / TTL ≤ 0.407. By controlling this relationship, it is possible to ensure that the lens has sufficient back focal length, allowing for the smooth mounting of essential components for radar-vision common path, such as beam splitters and color filters, while avoiding the lens bulkiness caused by excessive clearance; it can achieve cross-band confocal effect for visible light and laser infrared, effectively reducing the calibration error of the radar-vision system.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, the total effective focal length F of the optical lens and the image height H corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens can satisfy: 1.16 ≤ F / H ≤ 3.075. Preferably, 1.365 ≤ F / H ≤ 2.674. By controlling this relationship, the parameter ratio can be perfectly adapted to the target surface of mainstream automotive image sensors, making full use of the effective photosensitive area of ​​the sensor, avoiding black borders and invalid image cropping, and maximizing the utilization rate of imaging resources. At the same time, a reasonable ratio of focal length to image height can effectively balance and correct spherical aberration, field curvature, chromatic aberration, and astigmatism, ensuring that the image quality of the lens is uniform and clear from the center to the edge of the entire field of view, and has excellent high resolution.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the total effective focal length F of the optical lens and the entrance pupil diameter ENPD of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.935≤F / ENPD≤2.768. Preferably, 1.1≤F / ENPD≤2.407. By controlling this relationship, a reasonable focal length and entrance pupil ratio can achieve precise matching of the light transmission aperture of the visible light and the infrared band of the lidar, improve the transmission efficiency of laser transmission and reception, and ensure the stability of radar ranging sensitivity and detection distance; at the same time, it can effectively suppress vignetting at the edge of the field of view, optimize the uniformity of illumination across the entire field, avoid darkening of the edge image, improve the accuracy of target detection of the visual algorithm across the entire field of view, and achieve high light transmission performance of the system.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, the total effective focal length F of the optical lens, the entrance pupil diameter ENPD of the optical lens, and the maximum aperture D of the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.026≤F / ENPD / D≤0.133. Preferably, 0.031≤F / ENPD / D≤0.116. By controlling this relationship, the maximum aperture of the optical lens can be precisely constrained, the focal length and entrance pupil size can be reasonably matched, the radial volume of the lens can be strictly controlled, and a compact and lightweight structure can be achieved to adapt to the narrow installation space in a vehicle. At the same time, the aperture ratio is optimized to effectively suppress image vignetting, stray light at the edges and parasitic ghosting, balance the illumination of the entire field of view, improve the imaging contrast and image purity, and achieve the miniaturization design requirements of the system.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective aperture diameter (DST) of the optical lens and the total effective focal length (F) of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.52 ≤ DST / F ≤ 1.646. Preferably, 0.612 ≤ DST / F ≤ 1.431. By controlling this relationship, the aperture position ratio can be adapted to the dual-band optical path transmission of visible light and lidar, ensuring that the dual-band light transmission aperture and optical path direction are highly consistent, reducing the cross-band focal plane offset, reducing the difficulty of joint calibration of lidar and visual radar, effectively improving the fusion accuracy of ranging and positioning, and ensuring the high light transmission performance of the system.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, the image height H corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, the total effective focal length F of the optical lens, and the radian value θ of the maximum field of view of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.791 ≤ (H / 2) / (F tan(θ / 2))≤1.114. Preferably, 0.93≤(H / 2) / (F) tan(θ / 2))≤0.969. By controlling this relationship, the actual imaging target surface can be strictly constrained within the theoretical field of view, optical distortion can be precisely controlled, barrel and pincushion distortions can be effectively suppressed, the perspective of the image can be realistically restored, and distant traffic targets can be free from stretching and deformation, which can greatly improve the accuracy of visual detection and recognition and ensure the high resolution of the system.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the total effective focal length F of the optical lens, the image height H corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, and the radian value θ of the maximum field of view of the optical lens can satisfy: 0.865 ≤ (F / H). θ ≤ 1.196. Preferably, 1.018 ≤ (F / H) θ≤1.04. By controlling this relationship, the actual field of view of the lens can be perfectly matched with the photosensitive target surface, avoiding pixel waste caused by field of view redundancy and eliminating problems such as image cropping and loss of effective detection angle, thus making full use of the sensor's imaging area. At the same time, it can strictly constrain the imaging perspective relationship, effectively suppressing distortion and image deformation, realistically restoring the shape of distant roads and vehicle targets without stretching or distortion problems, significantly improving the accuracy of visual target detection and ranging, and ensuring the system's high-throughput imaging performance.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the total optical length (TTL) of the optical lens and the image height (H) corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens can satisfy: 6.353 ≤ TTL / H ≤ 11.489. Preferably, 7.474 ≤ TTL / H ≤ 9.99. By controlling this relationship, the incident angle of the field of view light transmitted by the front lens group can be effectively adjusted, achieving rapid light convergence and precise focusing onto the image plane. Based on the smooth deflection of the large field of view incident light by the front double negative mirrors and the initial light convergence and basic aberration correction completed by the middle positive mirror, the system can accurately receive the preceding optical path, efficiently compensate and correct residual distortion, coma, and other aberrations, smoothly complete the final light convergence, and effectively ensure the high resolution of the system.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F1 of the first lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens can satisfy: 1.632 ≤ F1 / F ≤ 4.937. Preferably, 1.92 ≤ F1 / F ≤ 4.293. By controlling this relationship, the first positive lens can complete the initial optical path adjustment for the entire field of view beam, avoiding excessive beam converging pressure on the second and third lenses, effectively suppressing the generation of severe spherical aberration and coma, while reducing the assembly sensitivity of the optical lens, facilitating the miniaturization design of the lens, and ensuring high system resolution.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F2 of the second lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens can satisfy: -1.423 ≤ F2 / F ≤ -0.756. Preferably, -1.237 ≤ F2 / F ≤ -0.889. By controlling this relationship, the second negative lens can effectively expand the imaging field of view by relying on a moderate negative optical power, receive incident light rays and deflect edge light rays towards the optical axis, reducing the optical path correction burden of subsequent lenses; at the same time, it can avoid the problem of excessive light divergence caused by excessive negative optical power, assist in correcting the overall aberration of the system, and ensure the high-resolution imaging performance of the lens.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F3 of the third lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens can satisfy: -13.791 ≤ F3 / F ≤ -2.204. Preferably, -11.992 ≤ F3 / F ≤ -2.593. By controlling this relationship, the third lens with the long focal length meniscus structure can cooperate with the first two negative lenses to effectively reduce aberrations in each field of view while achieving a large amount of light received, improve the lens MTF performance, ensure high consistency between the center and edge resolution of the lens, improve the spatial consistency between infrared and visible light imaging, and reduce the spatial misalignment rate between the lidar point cloud and image pixel mapping. The smaller this ratio, the greater the optical power of the third lens, which can further diverge light and increase the amount of light received, while correcting various aberrations such as chromatic aberration and spherical aberration generated by the front lens group, thus comprehensively improving the imaging quality of each field of view. This upper limit of conditions can strictly limit the focal length range of the third lens, so that while the lens diverges the light, it allows the light beam to be smoothly incident on the rear lens group, effectively correcting aberrations in each field of view of the system. This is the key to ensuring high image quality and achieving high resolution of the lens.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F9 of the ninth lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens can satisfy: 2.167 ≤ F9 / F ≤ 3.513. Preferably, 2.549 ≤ F9 / F ≤ 3.055. By controlling this relationship, the ninth lens adopts a telephoto positive film structure, which can effectively lengthen the optical back focal length, provide installation space for the beam splitter, achieve good beam splitting effect, and reduce the system CRA. The larger this ratio, the smaller the optical power of the ninth lens, which can effectively smooth the light path, avoid the light incident angle being too steep, and at the same time, fine-tune and optimize the residual aberration of the front group, improve the overall imaging quality, and achieve high light transmission and high resolution. This condition limit can strictly limit the focal length range of the ninth lens, avoid the introduction of additional aberrations due to excessive optical power, complete the final aberration correction at the end of the system, and ensure the lens's excellent imaging performance.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the radius of curvature R5 of the first side surface of the third lens and the radius of curvature R6 of the second side surface of the third lens can satisfy: 0.546 ≤ R5 / R6 ≤ 0.889. Preferably, 0.642 ≤ R5 / R6 ≤ 0.773. By controlling this relationship, the third lens can maintain a concave-convex surface structure, effectively reducing aberrations in each field of view and improving the overall imaging quality. This conditional limit can prevent the lens surface from transforming into a plano-concave structure, prevent excessively large turning angles of edge rays, achieve a smooth transition of light rays, complete preliminary aberration correction, and optimize the imaging effect of the edge field of view.

[0083] Furthermore, the third lens has negative optical power, with its first side being concave and its second side being convex, and satisfies -13.791≤F3 / F≤-2.204 and 0.546≤R5 / R6≤0.889. This can effectively reduce aberrations in each field of view, improve the lens's MTF performance, ensure high consistency between the center and edge resolution of the lens, improve the spatial consistency between infrared and visible light band imaging, and improve the spatial mismatch problem between lidar signals and visible light images.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the air gap T12 between the first lens and the second lens and the air gap T23 between the second lens and the third lens can satisfy: 0.238 ≤ T12 / T23 ≤ 1.577. Preferably, 0.28 ≤ T12 / T23 ≤ 1.371. By controlling this relationship, the size ratio of the two air gaps in the front group can be balanced, ensuring a smooth transition of incident light in the front group space, avoiding abrupt changes in beam shape, allowing the front group lenses to complete the initial deflection of light in an orderly manner, maintaining the continuity of the optical path and the overall aberration balance of the system, and ensuring excellent high-resolution imaging performance while achieving lens miniaturization.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F9 of the ninth lens and the back focal length BFL of the optical lens can satisfy: 1.196 ≤ F9 / BFL ≤ 2.358. Preferably, 1.407 ≤ F9 / BFL ≤ 2.05. By controlling this relationship, the lens can form an axial arrangement structure with denser front and sparser back, effectively smoothing the divergence trend of off-axis wide-angle light, suppressing system distortion, coma, and axial chromatic aberration, reducing the aberration correction load of the intermediate cemented lens, significantly improving the full field of view imaging sharpness, while meeting the design requirements of long back focal length and miniaturization.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F1 of the first lens and the effective focal length F9 of the ninth lens can satisfy: 0.57 ≤ F1 / F9 ≤ 1.714. Preferably, 0.67 ≤ F1 / F9 ≤ 1.49. By controlling this relationship, the first and ninth lenses can be made to have similar optical focal lengths, forming a symmetrical optical focal length balance structure between the front and rear lens groups. Relying on the synergistic cooperation of the front group gathering large-aperture edge rays and the rear group smoothly correcting residual spherical aberration, there is no need to rely on the large curvature of the intermediate lens to suppress advanced aberrations, effectively reducing the design pressure of each lens surface, significantly optimizing the system aberration state, and ensuring the lens's excellent high-resolution imaging performance.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F3 of the third lens and the effective focal length F9 of the ninth lens can satisfy: -5.288 ≤ F3 / F9 ≤ -0.748. Preferably, -4.598 ≤ F3 / F9 ≤ -0.88. By controlling this relationship, a reasonable matching and balance of optical power between the third and ninth lenses can be achieved. The third lens is a negative focal length meniscus lens, primarily responsible for expanding the field of view and converging the light rays; the ninth lens is a positive focal length lens, responsible for converging the system beam. The two form a balanced structure of positive and negative focal lengths, which can effectively optimize various residual aberrations in the system, significantly improve the overall imaging quality of the lens, and ensure the system's excellent high-resolution performance.

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, the radius of curvature R7 of the first side surface of the fourth lens and the radius of curvature R10 of the second side surface of the fifth lens can satisfy: 0.237≤|R7 / R10|≤11.839. Preferably, 0.279≤|R7 / R10|≤10.295. By controlling this relationship, the curvature and refractive power ratio of the two key optical surfaces can be precisely controlled, avoiding severe light deflection and light field imbalance caused by the ratio exceeding the range. Within the defined range, the refractive power of the two sets of curved surfaces can be evenly matched, achieving gradient deflection of beams of different apertures, ensuring stable beam transmission, effectively correcting various optical aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and chromatic aberration, and achieving clear imaging and accurate color reproduction across the entire field of view. At the same time, it can effectively suppress lens interface reflection and stray light interference, significantly improving the image quality of the lens under complex conditions such as backlight and night, and ensuring the high resolution performance of the system.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum value of the air gaps T45 between the fourth and fifth lenses, T56 between the fifth and sixth lenses, T67 between the sixth and seventh lenses, and T78 between the seventh and eighth lenses, and the total optical length TTL of the optical lens can satisfy the following relationship: 0.001 ≤ MAX(T45, T56, T67, T78) / TTL ≤ 0.128. Preferably, 0.001 ≤ MAX(T45, T56, T67, T78) / TTL ≤ 0.111. By controlling this relationship, the four air gaps in the middle of the lens can be kept relatively small, shortening the propagation distance of light within the lens assembly, avoiding significant beam divergence and shift, maintaining the continuity of the light field morphology, and ensuring a smooth transition in the refractive effect of the front and rear lenses. This value range allows for a reasonable safety distance between lenses while ensuring a compact lens assembly structure, guaranteeing a regular and stable optical path in the middle. By constraining the beam shape through a compact gap structure, excessive light divergence is suppressed, and various aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, and field curvature are effectively corrected, resulting in clear and uniform imaging of the center and edge fields of view of the lens. This meets the requirements of high-definition imaging and accurate target recognition in the radar-visual fusion system, and ensures the high resolution performance of the system.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F8 of the eighth lens, the effective focal length F6 of the sixth lens, and the effective focal length F7 of the seventh lens can satisfy: 0.053≤|F8 / F6+F8 / F7|≤1.084. Preferably, 0.062≤|F8 / F6+F8 / F7|≤0.943. By controlling this relationship, the refractive power gradient of the sixth and seventh composite units and the eighth lens can be precisely matched, allowing the light to converge smoothly and gradually, ensuring a continuous and smooth overall optical path and maintaining the aberration balance of the entire optical system. The light first undergoes preliminary optical path shaping through the sixth and seventh lenses, and then is subsequently converged and integrated through the eighth lens. There is no severe light deflection throughout the process, allowing the beam to be precisely focused onto the image plane, fundamentally avoiding defocusing problems, meeting the optical path design requirements of the Rayvision fusion lens, and ensuring the high-resolution imaging performance of the system.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum value of the air gap T67 between the sixth and seventh lenses and the air gap T78 between the seventh and eighth lenses, and the total optical length TTL of the optical lens, can satisfy: 0 ≤ MAX(T67, T78) / TTL ≤ 0.063. Preferably, 0 ≤ MAX(T67, T78) / TTL ≤ 0.055. By controlling this relationship, the lenses in this interval can be closely arranged with extremely small gaps, allowing light to travel rapidly in a very short air path, maintaining a basically unchanged beam shape with no significant shift or divergence. This achieves seamless connection of the refractive effects of multiple lenses, ensuring continuous and balanced optical path at the rear end and reducing imaging interference caused by the air optical interface. The narrow gap structure can significantly shorten the light propagation distance, ensuring the coherent and coordinated refractive effects of each lens and effectively avoiding problems such as optical path disorder and aberration amplification. Meanwhile, the compact lens group layout can stabilize the optical path, suppress various optical aberrations, ensure clear and uniform imaging across the entire field of view, reduce lens interface reflections and stray light interference, improve image contrast, and is well adapted to complex outdoor lighting conditions, ensuring high resolution performance of the system.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F2 of the second lens and the effective focal length F3 of the third lens can satisfy: 0.063 ≤ F2 / F3 ≤ 0.394. Preferably, 0.074 ≤ F2 / F3 ≤ 0.343. By controlling this relationship, the optical path of the light collected by the first lens is adjusted, improving the incident angle of the light from the subsequent cemented lens and reducing the risk of ghosting.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F4 of the fourth lens and the effective focal length F5 of the fifth lens can satisfy: -2.283≤F4 / F5≤-0.094. Preferably, -1.985≤F4 / F5≤-0.111. By controlling this relationship, in conjunction with the second and third lenses in the front group, the positive field curvature caused by the first objective lens is further mitigated, allowing both visible and infrared light edge fields to be clear simultaneously. The MTF attenuation across the entire field of view is controlled, adapting to the requirements of dual-beam fusion edge imaging. At the same time, the direction of the main ray can be further adjusted to reduce the difference in image edge illumination between the visible and infrared channels, resulting in better brightness consistency in the fused image.

[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, the effective focal length F6 of the sixth lens and the effective focal length F7 of the seventh lens can satisfy: -3.342 ≤ F6 / F7 ≤ -0.342. Preferably, -2.906 ≤ F6 / F7 ≤ -0.402. By controlling this relationship, in conjunction with the fourth and fifth lenses, the MTF at the edge of the entire field of view can be improved, and the image-side principal ray angle can be adjusted to achieve / optimize image-side telecentricity. For the detector imaging system, this is beneficial for improving the consistency of illumination between the visible and infrared channels, and is conducive to image fusion.

[0095] The optical lens according to the above embodiments of this application can employ multiple lenses, such as the nine lenses described above. By rationally allocating the optical parameters of each lens, at least one of the following beneficial effects is achieved: small aperture, miniaturization, high resolution, low sensitivity, long focal length, low distortion, and high illumination. Furthermore, it can be well-matched, for example, automotive chips.

[0096] This application does not limit the architecture of the optical lens; the lens can be spherical and / or aspherical. When the second lens and / or the ninth lens adopts an aspherical configuration, the aspherical lens has different curvatures at different positions, which can precisely adjust the light path and guide the beam to converge smoothly to the image plane. This can better correct various aberrations in the system and effectively improve the resolving performance and imaging quality of the optical system.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will understand that the total optical length (TTL) of the optical lens used above refers to the axial distance from the first side surface of the first lens to the imaging plane or the light source plane; the back focal length (BFL) of the optical lens refers to the axial distance from the second side surface of the ninth lens to the imaging plane or the light source plane; and the maximum field of view (FOV) of the optical lens is related to the image height (H), referring to the field of view corresponding to the image height (H). However, those skilled in the art will understand that the number of lenses constituting the optical lens can be changed to obtain the various results and advantages described in this specification without departing from the technical solutions claimed in this application. For example, although nine lenses are described as an example in the embodiment, the optical lens is not limited to including nine lenses. If necessary, the optical lens may also include other numbers of lenses.

[0098] Specific embodiments of the optical lens applicable to the above-described embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0099] Example 1: The following refers to Figure 1 The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described.

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown, the optical lens, along the optical axis from the first side to the second side, includes: a first lens L1, a second lens L2, a third lens L3, a fourth lens L4, a fifth lens L5, a sixth lens L6, a seventh lens L7, an eighth lens L8, and a ninth lens L9. An aperture stop STO can be positioned between the fifth lens L5 and the sixth lens L6. The fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5 are cemented together to form a cemented lens, as are the seventh lens L7 and the eighth lens L8. The first side surface L2S1 of the second lens and the second side surface L9S2 of the ninth lens form a curved surface combination. The second lens L2 and the ninth lens L9 are aspherical lenses.

[0101] The first lens L1 has positive optical power, its first side surface S1 is convex, and its second side surface S2 is concave.

[0102] The second lens L2 has negative optical power, its first side surface S3 is convex, and its second side surface S4 is concave.

[0103] The third lens L3 has negative optical power, with its first side surface S5 being concave and its second side surface S6 being convex.

[0104] The fourth lens L4 has negative optical power, with its first side surface S7 being convex and its second side surface S8 being concave.

[0105] The fifth lens L5 has positive optical power, and its first side surface S9 is convex, and its second side surface S10 is convex.

[0106] The sixth lens L6 has positive optical power, and its first side surface S11 is convex, and its second side surface S12 is convex.

[0107] The seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, and its first side surface S13 is concave, and its second side surface S14 is concave.

[0108] The eighth lens L8 has positive optical power, and its first side surface S15 is convex, and its second side surface S16 is convex.

[0109] The ninth lens L9 has positive optical power, and its first side surface S17 is convex, and its second side surface S18 is convex.

[0110] An imaging surface or a light source surface (IMA) is provided on the second side of the optical lens.

[0111] Table 1 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 1.

[0112] Table 1

[0113] In the visible light band, the optical lens given in Example 1 has an MTF value of 0.85 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 3.8 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The closer the MTF value is to 1, the clearer the image and the higher the resolution; the smaller the RMS value, the more concentrated the energy of the image point, resulting in higher precision, higher detail resolution, and better image quality. Therefore, the optical lens given in Example 1 produces images with high clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens given in Example 1 has an MTF value of 0.91 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 5.8 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens given in Example 1 has good imaging quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used as a lens for both lidar and color cameras. Furthermore, the lidar and the color camera can share the optical lens given in Example 1 to achieve the fusion of lidar and color camera.

[0114] In Embodiment 1, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. The surface shape of each aspherical surface can be defined using, but is not limited to, the following aspherical surface formula: ; in, x is the distance vector from the vertex of the aspherical surface along the optical axis at a height of h; c is the paraxial curvature of the aspherical surface, c = 1 / R (i.e., the paraxial curvature c is the reciprocal of the radius of curvature R in Table 1 above); k is the conic coefficient; A i These are the correction coefficients of the i-th order for aspherical surfaces. Table 2 gives the conic coefficients k and higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A6 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 1. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0115] Table 2

[0116] Example 2: The following refers to Figure 2 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 2 of this application. For example... Figure 2As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has positive optical power, its first side surface S7 is convex, and its second side surface S8 is convex; the fifth lens L5 has negative optical power, its first side surface S9 is concave, and its second side surface S10 is convex; the ninth lens L9 has positive optical power, its first side surface S17 is convex, and its second side surface S18 is concave; the fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5 are cemented together to form a cemented lens, and the sixth lens L6, the seventh lens L7, and the eighth lens L8 form a triple-cemented structure; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens is provided with a single-sided inverted structure.

[0117] Table 3 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens in Example 2.

[0118] Table 3

[0119] The visible light band MTF diagram and optical dot plot of the optical lens in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown. Figure 14 As shown, the horizontal axis represents spatial frequency, with units of periods / mm; the vertical axis represents the OTF (Optical Transfer Function) magnitude, i.e., the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) value. In the visible light band, the MTF value of the optical lens given in Example 2 at the center field of view is 0.83 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm, and the RMS value of the light spot on the image plane at the edge field of view is 3.9 micrometers. The optical lens given in Example 2 produces images with high sharpness, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. The MTF diagram and optical dot plot of the optical lens in the infrared band of this example are shown below. Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown. Figure 16 As shown, the horizontal axis represents spatial frequency in periods / mm; the vertical axis represents the OTF (Optical Transfer Function) magnitude, i.e., the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) value. In the infrared band, the MTF value of the optical lens given in Example 2 at the center field of view is 0.91 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm, and the RMS value of the light spot on the image plane in the edge field of view is 5.78 micrometers. In summary, the optical lens given in Example 2 has good imaging quality in both the visible and infrared bands and can be used as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the LiDAR and color camera can share the optical lens given in Example 2 to achieve the fusion of LiDAR and color camera.

[0120] In Example 2, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 4 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 2. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0121] Table 4

[0122] Example 3: The following refers to Figure 3 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 3 of this application. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has negative optical power, its first side surface S7 is concave, its second side surface S8 is concave, the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, its first side surface S13 is convex, and its second side surface S14 is concave; only the fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5 are cemented together to form a cemented lens.

[0123] Table 5 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 3.

[0124] Table 5

[0125] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 3 has an MTF value of 0.86 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 3.7 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 3 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 3 has an MTF value of 0.9 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 5.9 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 3 exhibits good image quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 3 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0126] In Example 3, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 6 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 3.10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0127] Table 6

[0128] Example 4: The following refers to Figure 4 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 4 of this application. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has positive optical power, its first side surface S7 is convex, its second side surface S8 is convex, the fifth lens L5 has negative optical power, its first side surface S9 is concave, and its second side surface S10 is convex; only the fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5 are cemented together to form a cemented lens.

[0129] Table 7 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens in Example 4.

[0130] Table 7

[0131] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 4 has an MTF value of 0.84 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 4.2 micrometers in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 4 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 4 has an MTF value of 0.89 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 6.1 micrometers in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 4 exhibits good image quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 4 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0132] In Example 4, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 8 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 4. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0133] Table 8

[0134] Example 5: The following refers to Figure 5 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 5 of this application. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has positive optical power, with its first side S7 being convex and its second side S8 being convex; the fifth lens L5 has negative optical power, with its first side S9 being concave and its second side S10 being convex; the sixth lens L6 has negative optical power, with its first side S11 being concave and its second side S12 being concave; the seventh lens L7 has positive optical power, with its first side S13 being convex and its second side S14 being convex; only the fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5 are cemented together to form a cemented lens; and only the second side L9S2 of the ninth lens has a single-sided inverted structure.

[0135] Table 9 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 5.

[0136] Table 9

[0137] The visible light band MTF diagram and optical dot plot of the optical lens in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown. Figure 18 As shown, the horizontal axis represents spatial frequency, with units of period / mm; the vertical axis represents the OTF (Optical Transfer Function) magnitude, i.e., the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) value. In the visible light band, the MTF value of the optical lens given in Example 5 at the center field of view is 0.84 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm, and the RMS value of the light spot on the image plane in the peripheral field of view is 4.2 micrometers. The optical lens given in Example 5 produces images with high sharpness, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. The infrared band MTF diagram and optical dot plot of the optical lens of this example are shown below. Figure 20 and Figure 21 As shown. Figure 20As shown, the horizontal axis represents spatial frequency in periods / mm; the vertical axis represents the OTF (Optical Transfer Function) magnitude, i.e., the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) value. In the infrared band, the MTF value of the optical lens given in Example 5 at the center field of view is 0.9 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm, and the RMS value of the light spot on the image plane in the edge field of view is 6.01 micrometers. In summary, the optical lens given in Example 5 has good imaging quality in both the visible and infrared bands and can be used as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the LiDAR and color camera can share the optical lens given in Example 5 to achieve the fusion of LiDAR and color camera.

[0138] In Example 5, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 10 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 5. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0139] Table 10

[0140] Example 6: The following refers to Figure 6 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 6 of this application. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has negative optical power, its first side surface S7 is concave, its second side surface S8 is concave, the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, its first side surface S13 is concave, and its second side surface S14 is convex; the fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5 are cemented together to form a cemented lens, and the sixth lens L6 and the seventh lens L7 are cemented together to form a cemented lens; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens has a single-sided inverted structure.

[0141] Table 11 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 6.

[0142] Table 11

[0143] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 6 has an MTF value of 0.82 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 3.7 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 6 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 6 has an MTF value of 0.87 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 5.78 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 6 exhibits good image quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 6 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0144] In Example 6, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 12 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 6. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0145] Table 12

[0146] Example 7: The following refers to Figure 7 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 7 of this application. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has negative optical power, its first side surface S7 is concave, its second side surface S8 is concave, the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, its first side surface S13 is concave, and its second side surface S14 is convex; the fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5, and the sixth lens L6 and the seventh lens L7 are respectively cemented to form cemented lenses; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens has a single-sided inverted structure.

[0147] Table 13 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 7.

[0148] Table 13

[0149] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 7 has an MTF value of 0.83 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 4.2 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 7 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 7 has an MTF value of 0.88 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 6.7 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 7 exhibits good image quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 7 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0150] In Example 7, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 14 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 7. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0151] Table 14

[0152] Example 8: The following refers to Figure 8 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 8 of this application. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the sixth lens L6 has positive optical power, its first side surface S11 is convex and its second side surface S12 is concave; the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, its first side surface S13 is convex and its second side surface S14 is concave; the sixth lens L6, the seventh lens L7 and the eighth lens L8 form a three-cemented structure; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens is provided with a single-sided inverted structure; the second lens L2 and the ninth lens L9 are configured as aspherical lenses.

[0153] Table 15 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 8.

[0154] Table 15

[0155] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 8 has an MTF value of 0.85 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 4.2 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 8 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 8 has an MTF value of 0.9 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 7.2 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 8 exhibits good image quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 8 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0156] In Example 8, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 16 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 8. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0157] Table 16

[0158] Example 9: The following refers to Figure 9 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 9 of this application. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the sixth lens L6 has positive optical power, its first side surface S11 is convex and its second side surface S12 is concave; the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, its first side surface S13 is convex and its second side surface S14 is concave; only the seventh lens L7 and the eighth lens L8 are cemented together to form a cemented lens; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens has a single-sided inverted structure; and the second lens L2 and the ninth lens L9 are configured as aspherical lenses.

[0159] Table 17 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 9.

[0160] Table 17

[0161] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 9 has an MTF value of 0.84 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 4.2 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 9 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 9 has an MTF value of 0.86 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 7.1 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 9 exhibits good imaging quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 9 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0162] In Example 9, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 18 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 9. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0163] Table 18

[0164] Example 10: The following refers to Figure 10 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 10 of this application. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has negative optical power, its first side surface S7 is concave, and its second side surface S8 is concave; the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, its first side surface S13 is concave, and its second side surface S14 is convex; the eighth lens L8 has positive optical power, its first side surface S15 is convex, and its second side surface S16 is concave; the fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5, and the sixth lens L6 and the seventh lens L7 are respectively cemented to form cemented lenses; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens has a single-sided inverted structure.

[0165] Table 19 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 10.

[0166] Table 19

[0167] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 10 has an MTF value of 0.82 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 6.1 micrometers in the edge field of view on the image plane. The optical lens of Example 10 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 10 has an MTF value of 0.87 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 6.1 micrometers in the edge field of view on the image plane. In summary, the optical lens of Example 10 exhibits good image quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 10 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0168] In Example 10, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 20 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 10. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0169] Table 20

[0170] Example 11: The following refers to Figure 11 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 11 of this application. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has negative optical power, with its first side surface S7 being concave and its second side surface S8 being concave; the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, with its first side surface S13 being concave and its second side surface S14 being convex; the eighth lens L8 has positive optical power, with its first side surface S15 being convex and its second side surface S16 being concave; only the sixth lens L6 and the seventh lens L7 are cemented together to form a cemented lens; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens has a single-sided inverted structure. Table 21 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Embodiment 11.

[0171] Table 21

[0172] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 11 has an MTF value of 0.84 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 6.01 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 11 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 11 has an MTF value of 0.9 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 6.01 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 11 exhibits good image quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 11 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0173] In Example 11, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 22 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 11. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0174] Table 22

[0175] Example 12: The following refers to Figure 12 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 12 of this application. For example... Figure 12 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the first lens L1 has positive optical power, with its first side surface S1 being convex and its second side surface S2 being convex; the fourth lens L4 has negative optical power, with its first side surface S7 being concave and its second side surface S8 being concave; the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, with its first side surface S13 being concave and its second side surface S14 being convex; and the eighth lens L8 has positive optical power, with its first side surface S15 being convex and its second side surface S16 being concave. The fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5, and the sixth lens L6 and the seventh lens L7 are respectively cemented together to form cemented lenses; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens has a single-sided inverted structure. Table 23 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Embodiment 12.

[0176] Table 23

[0177] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 12 has an MTF value of 0.84 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 5.78 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 12 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 12 has an MTF value of 0.91 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 5.78 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 12 has good imaging quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 12 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0178] In Example 12, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 24 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 12. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0179] Table 24

[0180] Example 13: The following refers to Figure 13 Describes an optical lens according to Embodiment 13 of this application. For example... Figure 13 As shown, the main differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 are: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the fourth lens L4 has negative optical power, its first side surface S7 is concave, and its second side surface S8 is concave; the seventh lens L7 has negative optical power, its first side surface S13 is concave, and its second side surface S14 is convex; the eighth lens L8 has positive optical power, its first side surface S15 is convex, and its second side surface S16 is concave; the fourth lens L4 and the fifth lens L5, and the sixth lens L6 and the seventh lens L7 are respectively cemented to form cemented lenses; only the first side surface L2S1 of the second lens has a single-sided inverted structure.

[0181] Table 25 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 13.

[0182] Table 25

[0183] In the visible light band, the optical lens of Example 13 has an MTF value of 0.83 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 5.9 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. The optical lens of Example 13 exhibits high image clarity, high detail resolution, and relatively concentrated energy, resulting in good image quality. In the infrared light band, the optical lens of Example 13 has an MTF value of 0.88 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm in the center field of view, and an RMS value of 5.9 micrometers on the image plane in the edge field of view. In summary, the optical lens of Example 13 exhibits good image quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used simultaneously as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras. Furthermore, the optical lens of Example 13 can be shared by both LiDAR and color cameras, enabling the fusion of LiDAR and color camera technologies.

[0184] In Example 13, the first side surface S3 and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, and the first side surface S17 and the second side surface S18 of the ninth lens L9 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 26 gives the conic coefficient k and the higher-order coefficients A4, A6, A8, and A18 that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 13. 10 A 12 A 14 and A 16 .

[0185] Table 26

[0186] Tables 27-1 and 27-2 provide the basic parameters of the optical lenses in Examples 1-13, such as F, θ, D, BFL, TTL, DST, DMAX, ENPD, R5, R6, R7, R10, T12, T23, T45, T56, T67, T78, H, and FOV.

[0187] Table 27-1

[0188] Table 27-2

[0189] In summary, the relationships in each embodiment of Examples 1-13 satisfy the relationships shown in Tables 28-1 and 28-2.

[0190] Table 28-1

[0191] Table 28-2

[0192] An image plane IMA is provided on the second side of the optical lens. Light from the object passes through each surface in sequence and is finally imaged on the IMA.

[0193] Furthermore, a protective glass CG L11 is provided between the ninth lens L9 and the image plane IMA, and the protective glass CG L11 has a first side surface S21 and a second side surface S22.

[0194] For example, L11 can also be a color filter, such as a color filter L11 that can filter infrared light through visible light, or a color filter L11 that can filter visible light through infrared light.

[0195] When the IMA is the light source surface, light from the IMA passes through each surface in sequence and is finally projected onto the object.

[0196] Furthermore, a beam splitter L10 is provided on the second side of the optical lens. The beam splitter L10 has a first side surface S19, a second side surface S20, and at least one third side surface (not shown). The second side of the optical lens has at least two image planes IMA (not shown in the figure) in different positions. The light collected by the optical lens forms at least two optical paths after passing through the beam splitter L10. One path of light exits from the second side surface S20 and images onto the IMA, while the other path of light exits from the third side and images onto other IMAs. The beam splitter L10 can be a beam splitting prism, a beam splitting wedge, a beam splitting flat plate mirror, etc. For example, the second side of the optical lens has two image planes IMA in different positions, and two photosensitive elements are located on the two IMAs respectively. The first photosensitive element is used to receive infrared light to form point cloud information (used in lidar to detect data such as distance or speed), and the second photosensitive element is used to receive visible light to form image information (used in color cameras to obtain data such as color and graphics).

[0197] Furthermore, a beam splitter L10 is provided on the second side of the optical lens. The second side of the optical lens has at least two IMAs (not shown in the figure) in different positions. One IMA is the light source surface, and the other IMA is the image surface. Light from the light source surface passes through the beam splitter L10 and the optical lens in sequence, projecting the light onto the object on the first side and reflecting it. The reflected light passes through the optical lens and the beam splitter L10 in sequence, and finally forms an image on the image surface. The beam splitter L10 can be a beam splitting prism, a beam splitting wedge, a beam splitting flat plate mirror, etc.

[0198] Furthermore, in the visible light band, the optical lens provided in this application has an MTF value ≥ 0.6 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm at the center field of view, and in the infrared light band, the optical lens has an MTF value ≥ 0.6 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm at the center field of view. It has good imaging quality in both the visible and infrared light bands and can be used as a lens for both LiDAR and color cameras, realizing the fusion of LiDAR and color cameras.

[0199] Furthermore, in the visible light band, the MTF value of the center field of view of the optical lens provided in this application is ≥0.7 at a spatial frequency of 50.0 lp / mm, and in the infrared light band, the MTF value of the center field of view of the optical lens is ≥0.7 at a spatial frequency of 44.0 lp / mm. It has better imaging quality in both the visible and infrared light bands, realizing the fusion of lidar and color camera.

[0200] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes an optical lens and a photosensitive element as described in the above exemplary embodiments. The photosensitive element is disposed on the second side of the optical lens and is located at the IMA position. It may be, for example, a photocoupled device (CCD), a complementary metal oxide semiconductor device (CMOS), an avalanche photodiode detector (APD), a single-photon avalanche photodiode detector (SPAD), or a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), etc.

[0201] This application also provides an electronic device including an optical lens and a light source as described in the exemplary embodiments above. The light source is located on the second side of the optical lens at the IMA position and can be, for example, an edge-emitting laser (EEL), a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), a fiber laser, an LED light source, a fluorescent laser light source, or a tri-color laser light source, etc. The light emitted by the light source is projected onto the first side of the optical lens after passing through the optical lens, forming an image or an illuminated area on the first side.

[0202] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a first device and a second device. The first device may be, for example, a lidar transmitter, and the second device may be, for example, a lidar receiver. The first device may include an optical lens and a light source as described in the exemplary embodiments above. The light source is located on the second side of the optical lens, and the light emitted by the light source is projected onto the first side of the optical lens after passing through the optical lens, forming an image or illuminating an area on the first side. The second device may include an optical lens as described in the exemplary embodiments above and a photosensitive element for converting the optical image formed by the optical lens into an electrical signal. The photosensitive element is disposed on the second side of the optical lens (e.g., on the imaging surface). The photosensitive element may be, for example, a photocoupled device (CCD), a complementary metal oxide semiconductor device (CMOS), an avalanche photodiode detector (APD), a single-photon avalanche photodiode detector (SPAD), or a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), etc. The light from the first side is imaged on the second side after passing through the optical lens.

[0203] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. An optical lens, characterized in that, Along the optical axis, from the first side to the second side, the following are included in sequence: A first lens having positive optical power, wherein the first side surface of the first lens is a convex surface; A second lens with negative optical power, wherein the first side of the second lens is convex and the second side is concave; A third lens with negative optical power, wherein the first side of the third lens is concave and the second side is convex; A fourth lens with optical power; A fifth lens with optical power, wherein the second side surface of the fifth lens is convex; A sixth lens with optical power; A seventh lens with optical power; An eighth lens having positive optical power, wherein the first side surface of the eighth lens is convex; A ninth lens having positive optical power, wherein the first side surface of the ninth lens is convex; The optical lens contains nine lenses with optical power. The optical lens satisfies: -13.791≤F3 / F≤-2.204; Wherein, F3 is the effective focal length of the third lens, and F is the total effective focal length of the optical lens.

2. The optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second side surface of the first lens is concave; or, the second side surface of the first lens is convex. The fourth lens has negative optical power, with its first side being convex and its second side being concave; or, the fourth lens has negative optical power, with its first side being concave and its second side being concave; or, the fourth lens has positive optical power, with its first side being convex and its second side being convex. The fifth lens has positive optical power, with its first side surface being convex and its second side surface being convex; or, the fifth lens has negative optical power, with its first side surface being concave and its second side surface being convex. The sixth lens has positive optical power, with its first side surface being convex and its second side surface being convex; or, the sixth lens has negative optical power, with its first side surface being concave and its second side surface being concave. The seventh lens has negative optical power, with its first side surface being concave and its second side surface being concave; or, the seventh lens has negative optical power, with its first side surface being concave and its second side surface being convex; or, the seventh lens has negative optical power, with its first side surface being convex and its second side surface being concave; or, the seventh lens has positive optical power, with its first side surface being convex and its second side surface being convex. The eighth lens has positive optical power, and its first side surface is convex and its second side surface is convex; or, the eighth lens has positive optical power, and its first side surface is convex and its second side surface is concave. The ninth lens has positive optical power, and its first side surface is convex and its second side surface is convex; or, the ninth lens has positive optical power, and its first side surface is convex and its second side surface is concave.

3. The optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 49.572≤(FOV×F) / H≤68.516、3.004≤TTL / F≤7.022、0.157≤TTL / H / FOV≤0.498、2.059≤TTL / DMAX≤5.024、0.224≤(F θ) / D≤0.542、0.061≤D / H / FOV≤0.136、0.071≤D / H / F≤0.294、0.015≤|(H-F θ) / (F θ)|≤0.044、1.16≤F / H≤3.075、0.935≤F / ENPD≤2.768、0.026≤F / ENPD / D≤0.133、0.52≤DST / F≤1.646、0.791≤(H / 2) / (F tan(θ / 2))≤1.114、0.865≤(F / H) θ≤1.196、6.353≤TTL / H≤11.489; Wherein, FOV is the maximum field of view of the optical lens, H is the image height corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens, DMAX is the maximum effective aperture of all lenses in the optical lens, θ is the radian value of the maximum field of view of the optical lens, D is the maximum aperture of the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, ENPD is the entrance pupil diameter of the optical lens, and DST is the effective aperture of the optical lens.

4. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The effective focal length F1 of the first lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens satisfy: 1.632≤F1 / F≤4.

937.

5. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The effective focal length F2 of the second lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens satisfy the following condition: -1.423≤F2 / F≤-0.

756.

6. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The air gap T12 between the first lens and the second lens and the air gap T23 between the second lens and the third lens satisfy the following condition: 0.238≤T12 / T23≤1.

577.

7. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 1.196≤F9 / BFL≤2.358, 0.57≤F1 / F9≤1.714, -5.288≤F3 / F9≤-0.748; Wherein, F9 is the effective focal length of the ninth lens, BFL is the back focal length of the optical lens, and F1 is the effective focal length of the first lens.

8. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The radius of curvature R7 of the first side surface of the fourth lens and the radius of curvature R10 of the second side surface of the fifth lens satisfy: 0.237≤|R7 / R10|≤11.

839.

9. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The maximum value of the air gap T45 between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, the air gap T56 between the fifth lens and the sixth lens, the air gap T67 between the sixth lens and the seventh lens, and the air gap T78 between the seventh lens and the eighth lens satisfies the following condition with the total optical length TTL of the optical lens: 0.001≤MAX(T45, T56, T67, T78) / TTL≤0.

128.

10. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 0.053≤|F8 / F6+F8 / F7|≤1.084, 0≤MAX(T67, T78) / TTL≤0.063; Wherein, F8 is the effective focal length of the eighth lens, F6 is the effective focal length of the sixth lens, F7 is the effective focal length of the seventh lens, T67 is the air gap between the sixth lens and the seventh lens, T78 is the air gap between the seventh lens and the eighth lens, and TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens.

11. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The effective focal length F9 of the ninth lens and the total effective focal length F of the optical lens satisfy the following condition: 2.167≤F9 / F≤3.

513.

12. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The radius of curvature R5 of the first side surface of the third lens and the radius of curvature R6 of the second side surface of the third lens satisfy: 0.546≤R5 / R6≤0.

889.

13. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The back focal length BFL of the optical lens and the total optical length TTL of the optical lens satisfy the following condition: 0.222≤BFL / TTL≤0.

468.

14. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The effective focal length F2 of the second lens and the effective focal length F3 of the third lens satisfy the condition: 0.063≤F2 / F3≤0.

394.

15. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The effective focal length F4 of the fourth lens and the effective focal length F5 of the fifth lens satisfy the condition: -2.283≤F4 / F5≤-0.

094.

16. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The effective focal length F6 of the sixth lens and the effective focal length F7 of the seventh lens satisfy the condition: -3.342≤F6 / F7≤-0.

342.

17. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optical power of the fourth lens and the fifth lens have opposite signs.

18. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optical power of the sixth lens and the seventh lens have opposite signs.

19. The optical lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 58.32≤(FOV×F) / H≤59.579、3.534≤TTL / F≤6.106、0.185≤TTL / H / FOV≤0.433、2.422≤TTL / DMAX≤4.369、0.264≤(F θ) / D≤0.471、0.072≤D / H / FOV≤0.118、0.084≤D / H / F≤0.256、0.018≤|(H-F θ) / (F θ)|≤0.038、0.261≤BFL / TTL≤0.407、1.365≤F / H≤2.674、1.1≤F / ENPD≤2.407、0.031≤F / ENPD / D≤0.116、0.612≤DST / F≤1.431、0.93≤(H / 2) / (F tan(θ / 2))≤0.969、1.018≤(F / H) θ≤1.04、7.474≤TTL / H≤9.99、1.92≤F1 / F≤4.293、-1.237≤F2 / F≤-0.889、-11.992≤F3 / F≤-2.593、2.549≤F9 / F≤3.055、0.642≤R5 / R6≤0.773、0.28≤T12 / T23≤1.371、1.407≤F9 / BFL≤2.05、0.67≤F1 / F9≤1.49、-4.598≤F3 / F9≤-0.88、0.279≤|R7 / R10|≤10.295、0.001≤MAX(T45、T56、T67、T78) / TTL≤0.111、0.062≤|F8 / F6+F8 / F7|≤0.943、0≤MAX(T67、T78) / TTL≤0.055、0.074≤F2 / F3≤0.343、-1.985≤F4 / F5≤-0.111、-2.906≤F6 / F7≤-0.402; Wherein, FOV is the maximum field of view of the optical lens, H is the image height corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens, DMAX is the maximum effective aperture among all lenses in the optical lens, θ is the radian value of the maximum field of view of the optical lens, D is the maximum aperture of the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, BFL is the back focal length of the optical lens, ENPD is the entrance pupil diameter of the optical lens, DST is the effective aperture diameter of the optical lens, F1 is the effective focal length of the first lens, F2 is the effective focal length of the second lens, F9 is the effective focal length of the ninth lens, R5 is the radius of curvature of the first side of the third lens, and R6 is the radius of curvature of the third lens. The radius of curvature of the second side, T12 is the air gap between the first lens and the second lens, T23 is the air gap between the second lens and the third lens, R7 is the radius of curvature of the first side of the fourth lens, R10 is the radius of curvature of the second side of the fifth lens, T45 is the air gap between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, T56 is the air gap between the fifth lens and the sixth lens, T67 is the air gap between the sixth lens and the seventh lens, T78 is the air gap between the seventh lens and the eighth lens, F8 is the effective focal length of the eighth lens, F6 is the effective focal length of the sixth lens, F7 is the effective focal length of the seventh lens, F4 is the effective focal length of the fourth lens, and F5 is the effective focal length of the fifth lens.

20. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Optical lens according to any one of claims 1 to 19; as well as At least one of a photosensitive element and a light source; The photosensitive element is located on the second side of the optical lens and is used to convert the optical image or optical information formed by the optical lens into an electrical signal; The light source is located on the second side of the optical lens. The light emitted by the light source is projected onto the first side of the optical lens after passing through the optical lens, and forms an image or illuminated area on the first side of the optical lens.

Images