Domestication and cultivation method of wild polygonatum cyrtonema in Tibet

Abstract

The application discloses a Tibet wild Rhizoma Polygonati introduction domestication and cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of Rhizoma Polygonati introduction domestication and cultivation. The application selects high-quality seed sources by setting an altitude gradient collection belt in a wild natural distribution area, carries out four-stage progressive altitude gradient domestication and step-by-step screening after three-stage disinfection and low-temperature pre-adaptation treatment, and obtains elite strains with stable traits and high effective component content. A trinity propagation system combining rhizome rapid propagation, seed rapid propagation and tissue culture rapid propagation is constructed, a multi-module bionic microenvironment cultivation system is matched, and a complete introduction and cultivation technical system is formed by combining precise water and fertilizer management in different growth periods, a whole-biological green prevention and control system and standardized primary processing and whole-item quality control standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Solomon's seal introduction, domestication and cultivation technology, specifically a method for the introduction, domestication and cultivation of wild Solomon's seal from Tibet. Background Technology

[0002] Polygonatum is a traditional Chinese medicine that is both food and medicine. Wild Polygonatum, which is distributed in the high-altitude areas of Tibet, has been adapted to the special high-altitude environment of low temperature, strong ultraviolet radiation and large temperature difference between day and night. Its content of functional components such as polysaccharides and steroidal saponins is higher than that of Polygonatum cultivated at low altitudes. Its market recognition and demand have been increasing year by year. However, due to long-term over-harvesting and destruction of its native habitat, the natural resources of wild Polygonatum in Tibet have been gradually depleted. Carrying out artificial introduction, domestication and cultivation has become an inevitable way to protect wild resources and ensure a stable market supply.

[0003] Currently, the artificial introduction of wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet mainly adopts the methods of directly digging up wild rhizomes and transplanting them to other locations or short-term domestication in a single stage. However, when the seed source is directly transferred from its high-altitude native habitat to a conventional cultivation environment, it will produce a strong environmental stress response. Not only is the transplant survival rate low, but its overwintering cold resistance and disease and pest resistance are also poor. Furthermore, the drastic change in the growth environment will block the secondary metabolic pathways, resulting in a significant decrease in the content of effective components in artificially cultivated Polygonatum sibiricum compared to wild products. At the same time, the existing conventional Polygonatum sibiricum cultivation techniques, water and fertilizer management programs, and disease and pest control systems are not adapted to the high-altitude growth characteristics of Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet, further leading to unstable yields and poor quality uniformity. This makes it impossible to achieve large-scale, high-quality artificial cultivation of wild Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet, and it is also difficult to fundamentally balance the needs of wild resource protection and industrial development. Therefore, we propose a method for the introduction and domestication cultivation of wild Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet to alleviate or solve the above problems.

[0004] The information disclosed above in this background section is only for enhancing the understanding of the background section of this invention, and therefore may include prior art that is not known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for the introduction, domestication, and cultivation of wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet. This method solves the problems in existing technologies where the introduction and domestication of wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet lacks a progressively tiered domestication system, resulting in low survival rates, poor resistance, a significant decrease in the content of effective components, and difficulty in achieving large-scale, high-quality cultivation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for the introduction, domestication, and cultivation of wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Four gradient collection zones with altitudes of 2300-4200m were established in the natural distribution area of ​​Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet. Rhizomes of 3-5 year old plants with robust growth and no obvious pests or diseases were collected from late September to mid-October each year. The collected rhizomes were classified and screened in three levels according to rhizome diameter, number of buds, integrity of fibrous roots, and pest or disease status. The rhizomes were then subjected to three levels of disinfection treatment: rinsing with running water, soaking in a mixture of fungicides, and soaking in a mixture of antibacterial agents. After disinfection, the rhizomes were air-dried in a cool and ventilated place, and a wound-healing antibacterial film was applied to the cut surfaces. Subsequently, the rhizomes were placed in a refrigerated environment at 2-4℃ for a 30-day low-temperature pre-acclimatization treatment.

[0008] Step S2: The germplasm treated in Step S1 underwent a four-stage progressive acclimatization process. The first stage was pre-acclimatization in a greenhouse at an altitude of 2300-2800m for 6 months; the second stage was semi-open acclimatization at an altitude of 2800-3300m, lasting a full winter cycle for 12 months; the third stage was open-field acclimatization under mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 3300-3800m for 12 months; and the fourth stage was extreme acclimatization in an alpine shrub meadow environment at an altitude of 3800-4200m for 24 months. Survival rate, growth rate, cold resistance, and effective component content were set as breeding evaluation criteria for each stage of acclimatization. Elite strains were obtained through progressive screening.

[0009] Step S3: Using the elite strains selected in Step S2 as propagation materials, a three-in-one propagation system combining rhizome rapid propagation, seed rapid propagation, and tissue culture rapid propagation is established. Rhizome rapid propagation employs ultrasonic-assisted cutting combined with a gradient soaking method using triple plant growth regulators, followed by transplanting after budding in a sand bed. Seed rapid propagation utilizes variable-temperature stratification to break dormancy and dual-controllable light and temperature seedling cultivation technology. Tissue culture rapid propagation uses tender shoot tips and rhizome segments with buds as explants, undergoing low-temperature pretreatment followed by callus induction, bud differentiation, and rooting culture. After three levels of hardening-off—greenhouse hardening-off, shade shed hardening-off, and under-forest hardening-off—the seedlings are then transplanted and planted.

[0010] Step S4: Construct a biomimetic microenvironment cultivation system that includes a biomimetic light regulation subsystem, a biomimetic temperature and humidity regulation subsystem, a biomimetic soil microecological subsystem, a biomimetic water cycle subsystem, and an intelligent monitoring and regulation subsystem;

[0011] Step S5: Apply base fertilizer before planting. During the growing season, apply water-soluble fertilizer and foliar fertilizer in four stages: budding stage, vegetative growth stage, root and stem enlargement stage, and before the yellowing stage. Irrigate as needed based on soil moisture sensor data.

[0012] Step S6: Construct a fully biological green control system with microbial antagonism, release of natural enemy insects, and physical barriers as its core;

[0013] Step S7: Harvest from mid-October to early November after 3-5 years of cultivation. Use an improved processing technology for initial processing, slice and grade, then pack and store in nitrogen. Establish a comprehensive quality control standard covering physicochemical indicators, safety indicators, and functional component indicators.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] This invention utilizes a four-level progressive altitude gradient acclimatization system to simulate the altitude distribution characteristics of the native habitat of wild Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet, achieving a gradual environmental transition. This alleviates the stress response of wild seed sources when directly transferred from their native high-altitude habitat to an artificial cultivation environment, improves the survival rate of introduced plants and their resistance to cold, disease, and other adverse conditions. At the same time, it selectively identifies elite strains with stable content of effective components and excellent growth traits, ensuring that the content of core functional components such as polysaccharides and total saponins in artificially cultivated Polygonatum sibiricum can be maintained or even better than the wild level, providing a stable and high-quality seed source foundation for large-scale cultivation.

[0016] This invention constructs a three-in-one propagation system combining rapid propagation through rhizomes, seeds, and tissue culture. Coupled with a biomimetic microenvironment cultivation system and an integrated water and fertilizer management model, it improves seedling propagation efficiency and yield per unit area. Simultaneously, a comprehensive biological green pest control system addresses the risks of continuous cropping obstacles. Combined with standardized three-steaming and three-drying primary processing techniques and comprehensive quality control standards, it achieves standardized management of the entire process of Tibetan wild Polygonatum from seed selection and large-scale planting to on-site processing. This effectively protects wild natural resources and the plateau ecological environment while ensuring a stable production of high-quality Polygonatum raw materials that meet medicinal standards.

[0017] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall process of introducing, domesticating, and cultivating wild Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the seed source collection and preprocessing process of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the reproductive system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. It should be noted that the drawings are schematic and not illustrated to scale. For clarity and convenience, the relative sizes and proportions of the parts shown in the drawings have been exaggerated or reduced in size. Any size is only exemplary and not limiting.

[0022] As attached Figure 1 As shown, a method for the introduction, domestication, and cultivation of wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet includes the following steps:

[0023] Step S1: Four gradient collection zones with altitudes of 2300-4200m were established in the natural distribution area of ​​Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet. Rhizomes of 3-5 year old plants with robust growth and no obvious pests or diseases were collected from late September to mid-October each year. The collected rhizomes were classified and screened in three levels according to rhizome diameter, number of buds, integrity of fibrous roots, and pest or disease status. The rhizomes were then subjected to three levels of disinfection treatment: rinsing with running water, soaking in a mixture of fungicides, and soaking in a mixture of antibacterial agents. After disinfection, the rhizomes were air-dried in a cool and ventilated place, and a wound-healing antibacterial film was applied to the cut surfaces. Subsequently, the rhizomes were placed in a refrigerated environment at 2-4℃ for a 30-day low-temperature pre-acclimatization treatment.

[0024] Step S2: The germplasm treated in Step S1 underwent a four-stage progressive acclimatization process. The first stage was pre-acclimatization in a greenhouse at an altitude of 2300-2800m for 6 months; the second stage was semi-open acclimatization at an altitude of 2800-3300m, lasting a full winter cycle for 12 months; the third stage was open-field acclimatization under mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 3300-3800m for 12 months; and the fourth stage was extreme acclimatization in an alpine shrub meadow environment at an altitude of 3800-4200m for 24 months. Survival rate, growth rate, cold resistance, and effective component content were set as breeding evaluation criteria for each stage of acclimatization. Elite strains were obtained through progressive screening.

[0025] Step S3: Using the elite strains selected in Step S2 as propagation materials, a three-in-one propagation system combining rhizome rapid propagation, seed rapid propagation, and tissue culture rapid propagation is established. Rhizome rapid propagation employs ultrasonic-assisted cutting combined with a gradient soaking method using triple plant growth regulators, followed by transplanting after budding in a sand bed. Seed rapid propagation utilizes variable-temperature stratification to break dormancy and dual-controllable light and temperature seedling cultivation technology. Tissue culture rapid propagation uses tender shoot tips and rhizome segments with buds as explants, undergoing low-temperature pretreatment followed by callus induction, bud differentiation, and rooting culture. After three levels of hardening-off—greenhouse hardening-off, shade shed hardening-off, and under-forest hardening-off—the seedlings are then transplanted and planted.

[0026] Step S4: Construct a biomimetic microenvironment cultivation system that includes a biomimetic light regulation subsystem, a biomimetic temperature and humidity regulation subsystem, a biomimetic soil microecological subsystem, a biomimetic water cycle subsystem, and an intelligent monitoring and regulation subsystem;

[0027] Step S5: Apply base fertilizer before planting. During the growing season, apply water-soluble fertilizer and foliar fertilizer in four stages: budding stage, vegetative growth stage, root and stem enlargement stage, and before the yellowing stage. Irrigate as needed based on soil moisture sensor data.

[0028] Step S6: Construct a fully biological green control system with microbial antagonism, release of natural enemy insects, and physical barriers as its core;

[0029] Step S7: Harvest from mid-October to early November after 3-5 years of cultivation. Use an improved processing technology for initial processing, slice and grade, then pack and store in nitrogen. Establish a comprehensive quality control standard covering physicochemical indicators, safety indicators, and functional component indicators.

[0030] Example 1: Method for introducing, domesticating, and cultivating wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet, including the following steps:

[0031] Step S1: In this embodiment, Bomi County, Linzhi City, Tibet Autonomous Region was selected as the seed source collection area. This area is located in the eastern section of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, with geographical coordinates of 95°15′-96°30′ east longitude and 29°30′-30°30′ north latitude. It belongs to the plateau temperate semi-humid climate zone, with an average annual temperature of 8.5℃, an annual precipitation of 850mm, and a frost-free period of about 160 days.

[0032] Four gradient collection zones were set up in the natural distribution area of ​​Polygonatum sibiricum in Bomi County:

[0033] Zone I (2300-2600m altitude valley forest edge zone): Located on both sides of the valley forest edge along the route from Zhamu Town to Guxiang, the vegetation type is mixed forest edge shrub of alpine oak and birch. There are 6 sampling points, numbered B1-B6 respectively, with each sampling point at least 2km apart. 35 healthy plants were collected at each sampling point, for a total of 210 plants.

[0034] Zone II (2700-3000m altitude mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest understory): Located along the line from Yupu Township to Qingduo Town, the vegetation type is mixed forest of spruce, fir and alpine oak. Five sampling points were set up, numbered B7-B11. 30 trees were collected at each sampling point, for a total of 150 trees.

[0035] Zone III (3100-3500m altitude dark coniferous forest understory): Located in the dark coniferous forest understory around the Gangyun Spruce Forest Nature Reserve, the vegetation type is pure spruce forest and mixed spruce and fir forest. Five sampling points were set up, numbered B12-B16, and 30 trees were collected at each sampling point, for a total of 150 trees.

[0036] Zone IV (3600-4000m alpine shrubland): Located along the alpine shrub meadow from Yigong Tea Plantation to Ranwu Lake, the vegetation type is rhododendron, golden cinquefoil and bulrush shrubland. Five sampling points were set up, numbered B17-B21. 30 plants were collected at each sampling point, for a total of 150 plants.

[0037] The collection period is uniformly from September 25th to October 10th each year, with digging conducted on sunny mornings between 9:00 AM and 12:00 PM to avoid rainy days. Each collection effort strictly controls the amount collected from a single point to not exceed 5% of the estimated total local population. For the B7 sampling point in Zone II, the estimated population was approximately 600 plants, and 30 plants were actually collected, representing 5%, which meets the requirements. Immediately after collection, the topsoil is backfilled to a depth of 20-30cm, and local grass seeds are sown to restore vegetation.

[0038] All 660 rhizomes were collected and transported back to the temporary cold storage (4℃) of the Bomi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, where they were graded within 24 hours.

[0039] 228 plants were selected as Grade I: with a rhizome diameter ≥2.0cm, ≥4 buds, intact fibrous roots and no pests or diseases, mainly from Zone I and Zone II, accounting for 34.5%.

[0040] 287 plants can be selected for the second grade: rhizome diameter 1.5-2.0cm, 2-3 buds, fibrous roots are basically intact and only have minor diseases and pests, distributed in all zones, accounting for 43.5%.

[0041] 145 plants were eliminated in the third stage: rootstock diameter <1.5cm, ≤1 bud, damaged fibrous roots and obvious pests and diseases, mainly from high-altitude areas in zone IV, accounting for 22.0%, and were destroyed on site.

[0042] Three levels of disinfection were carried out, with a total of 515 rhizomes selected from the first-level preferred and second-level optional treatments:

[0043] First stage: Place in a stainless steel running water tank and rinse with running clean water for 30 minutes. The water temperature should be controlled at 15℃-18℃. Focus on removing the soil and residual root debris from the surface of the rhizome.

[0044] Second stage: Prepare a 500-fold dilution of carbendazim (50% wettable powder) and methyl thiophanate (70% wettable powder) mixed disinfectant solution (volume ratio 1:1), and completely immerse the rhizomes for 20 minutes. The temperature of the disinfectant solution should be 20℃±2℃.

[0045] Level 3: Prepare a 1000-fold dilution of streptomycin (72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder) and copper sulfate (98% industrial grade) mixed disinfectant solution (mass ratio 3:1), and completely immerse the rhizomes for 10 minutes.

[0046] After disinfection, remove the rhizomes and place them in a well-ventilated, cool indoor environment (temperature 15-20℃, relative humidity 50-60%) to air dry naturally for 48 hours until there are no obvious water stains on the surface.

[0047] Subsequently, a callus-antibacterial film coating and low-temperature pre-acclimation were performed. To prepare the callus-antibacterial film, 50g of chitosan (degree of deacetylation ≥90%), 20g of carbendazim (50% wettable powder), and 10g of indolebutyric acid (98% technical grade) were added to an appropriate amount of 1% acetic acid solution to dissolve and mix thoroughly. The pH was adjusted to 5.5-6.0 to form a uniform paste-like coating. The coating was then evenly applied to all root and stem cuts and mechanically damaged areas using sterile cotton swabs, with a coating thickness of approximately 0.5-1.0mm.

[0048] After coating, all rhizomes were placed into breathable plastic bags according to their gradient zones, labeled with the collection zone number, collection date, and grading information. They were then transferred to the cold storage of the Bomi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center (temperature 2℃-4℃, relative humidity 70%-80%) for a 30-day low-temperature pre-acclimatization treatment. During this period, they were checked every 7 days, and individuals showing mold or softening were removed. The operational steps for source collection and pre-treatment are attached. Figure 2 As shown.

[0049] Step S2: Four-level step-by-step gradient domestication and selection

[0050] 1. First-level greenhouse pre-acclimatization (altitude 2350m, intelligent greenhouse of Bomi County Agricultural Technology Center), acclimatization period is 6 months.

[0051] Substrate preparation: 40% alpine humus (collected from the 0-20cm soil layer under forests in Zone II), 25% perlite, 15% vermiculite, 10% peat, and 10% well-rotted sheep manure (sheep manure composted for over 60 days, with a moisture content of 30-40%). After thoroughly mixing all components, the substrate pH should be 6.2, and the EC value 1.2 mS / cm. Sterilize in a 121℃ autoclave for 30 minutes, then cool before use.

[0052] Planting procedure: In the greenhouse seedbed, lay a 25cm thick substrate layer, and make furrows with a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 15cm. Plant the 515 pre-acclimatized rhizomes according to grade, cover with 4-5cm of soil, and lightly compact. 228 first-grade seedlings and 287 second-grade seedlings are selected and marked for planting.

[0053] Environmental control: The greenhouse is equipped with an automatic temperature control system, humidity control system and supplemental lighting system. Daytime temperature should be controlled at 18-25℃ (no higher than 26℃ at noon), and nighttime temperature at 8-15℃ (no lower than 6℃ in the early morning); relative humidity 60-75%; photoperiod 12h / 12h (lights on at 6:00 and off at 18:00), light intensity 3000-5000 lux (supplemented with LED plant grow lights); substrate moisture content should be maintained at 35-40%, ideally clump together when squeezed but crumbles easily when released; water once a week with 1 / 4 concentration Hoagland's nutrient solution (Hoagland's nutrient solution formula: macroelements include calcium nitrate 945mg / L, potassium nitrate 607mg / L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 115mg / L, magnesium sulfate 493mg / L, microelements include boric acid 2.86mg / L, manganese sulfate 2.13mg / L, zinc sulfate 0.22mg / L, copper sulfate 0.08mg / L, sodium molybdate 0.02mg / L, EDTA iron sodium 36.7mg / L).

[0054] Domestication Management: Survival rate, number of new roots, and above-ground growth were investigated every 15 days. The first comprehensive survey was conducted in the 2.5-month domestication period. The survival rate of the first-grade selected plants was 91.2% (208 / 228), with an average of 7.2 new roots per plant; the survival rate of the second-grade selected plants was 82.6% (237 / 287), with an average of 4.8 new roots per plant. A second survey was conducted in the 4th month of domestication. The survival rate of the first-grade selected plants remained at 89.5%, and the survival rate of the second-grade selected plants was 80.1%. At the end of domestication, the survival rate of the first-grade selected plants was 87.3% (199 / 228), with 186 plants having ≥5 new roots per plant, achieving a pass rate of 81.6%; the survival rate of the second-grade selected plants was 75.3% (216 / 287), with 167 plants having ≥5 new roots per plant, achieving a pass rate of 58.2%.

[0055] Promotion Selection: 186 plants from the first-level selection met the promotion criteria (survival rate ≥85% and new roots ≥5 per plant) and all entered the second-level acclimatization; 167 plants from the second-level selection met the promotion criteria and entered the second-level acclimatization. A total of 353 plants entered the next level, and 162 plants were eliminated (42 from the first-level selection and 120 from the second-level selection). The eliminated plants were used for tissue culture explant reserves.

[0056] 2. Second-level semi-open acclimatization (altitude 2900m, semi-open acclimatization shed in Yupu Township, Bomi County), the acclimatization period is 12 months, covering the complete winter cycle.

[0057] Site construction: Select a semi-shaded slope in Yupu Township (slope 15° north-west, slope 18°) to build a semi-open acclimatization shed. The shed is a steel frame structure, with the top covered by 70% shade netting. Openable ventilation windows are set around the perimeter. The ground is covered with sandy loam soil mixed with 20% humus soil, and the raised beds are 20cm high and 80cm wide.

[0058] Planting procedure: Plant the 353 upgraded plants in the acclimatization shed according to their original grade, with a row spacing of 20cm and a plant spacing of 18cm, and cover with 5cm-6cm of soil. Water thoroughly once after planting.

[0059] Gradual environmental stress training, light training: In the first month, maintain 70% full coverage with shade netting; from the second month onwards, remove 10% of the shade netting area every 2 weeks (i.e., the shading rate changes from 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%), until the shade netting is completely removed in the sixth month, allowing the plant to gradually adapt to full sunlight.

[0060] Water training: Water every 2 days for the first 1-2 months, with a water volume of 5L / m² each time. 2 Starting from the third month, irrigation will be changed to once every 4 days, and the irrigation amount will be adjusted to 4L / m². 2 From the 5th month onwards, irrigation will be changed to once every 6 days, with an irrigation volume of 3L / m². 2 From the 7th month onwards, artificial irrigation was stopped, and the system relied entirely on natural rainfall to simulate drought stress in the wild.

[0061] Temperature training: Utilize the natural ventilation of the semi-open greenhouse to allow the plants to gradually experience the changes in day and night temperature. The lowest temperature in winter can drop to -12℃, and the highest temperature during the day can reach 15℃.

[0062] Overwintering management: The 6th to 10th month of acclimatization is the overwintering period. During this period, cover the soil with a plastic film for insulation (add a layer of non-woven fabric when the nighttime temperature is below -8℃) to prevent the soil from freezing completely.

[0063] Domestication results: After overwintering, the survival rate was investigated during the greening period. The overall survival rate was 76.2% (269 / 353). Among them, the survival rate of the original first-level selected plants was 82.1% (153 / 186), and the survival rate of the original second-level selected plants was 64.1% (116 / 167).

[0064] Cold resistance test: Within one month after the plants turned green, a -10℃ low temperature treatment test was conducted on the surviving plants. The results showed that 85.5% of the surviving plants (230 / 269) had an electrolyte permeability of <40%, which met the promotion standard.

[0065] Advanced selection: 230 plants that meet the criteria of overwintering survival rate ≥70% and electrolyte permeability <40% after treatment at -10℃ will enter the third stage of acclimatization, and 123 plants will be eliminated.

[0066] 3. Third-level forest understory acclimatization (altitude 3500m, under the Gangyun Spruce forest in Bomi County), with a total acclimatization period of 12 months.

[0067] Site selection criteria: Select a north-facing slope under a spruce-fir mixed forest with a canopy closure of 55%, a slope of 20°, sandy loam soil, a humus layer thickness of 22cm, and a pH of 6.3.

[0068] Land preparation and planting: Remove undergrowth and weeds, retain appropriate shade, and make raised beds 15cm high and 60cm wide. Plant 230 seedlings at a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, cover with 6-8cm of soil, and water thoroughly.

[0069] Management measures: Check for pests and diseases and growth status monthly. Pay attention to drainage and flood prevention during the rainy season, and supplement irrigation appropriately during the dry season. Do not use any chemical fertilizers, only apply 0.5 kg of well-rotted yak manure per hole every spring.

[0070] Domestication Results: After the domestication period ended and natural overwintering was completed, the natural overwintering survival rate was 68.7% (158 / 230), and the disease incidence rate was 12.2% (mainly sporadic leaf spot disease with a low incidence rate), meeting the advancement criteria of natural overwintering survival rate ≥60% and disease incidence rate ≤15%. 158 plants entered the fourth level of domestication.

[0071] 4. Level 4 extreme acclimatization (altitude 3900m, edge of alpine shrub meadow in Yigong Tea Plantation, Bomi County), the acclimatization period is 24 months, spanning two complete overwintering cycles.

[0072] Site selection conditions: Altitude 3900m, gentle northern slope on the edge of alpine shrub meadow, slope 12°, sandy loam soil, humus layer thickness 15cm, pH 6.8.

[0073] Planting and Management: Plant 158 ​​plants at a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 22cm, and cover with 8-10cm of soil. It grows entirely by natural conditions, and is only irrigated during extreme drought (30 consecutive days without effective rainfall).

[0074] Continuous observation and screening:

[0075] Statistics after the first overwintering cycle: survival rate 78.5% (124 / 158).

[0076] The first quality test was conducted during the peak growing season: rhizomes of 124 surviving plants were sampled to determine the content of Polygonatum polysaccharides and total saponins. Results: 97 plants (78.2%) had a polysaccharide content ≥12% dry weight, and 89 plants (71.8%) had a saponin content ≥3% dry weight.

[0077] Statistics after the second overwintering cycle showed that 91 out of 124 plants survived, a survival rate of 73.4%.

[0078] A second quality test was conducted at the end of the acclimatization period: 91 surviving plants were sampled and tested again. 78 plants (85.7%) had a polysaccharide content ≥12% dry weight and 76 plants (83.5%) had a saponin content ≥3% dry weight.

[0079] A total of 76 plants with a two-year overwintering survival rate of ≥70% and polysaccharide content of ≥12% and saponin content of ≥3% were officially identified as elite strains, numbered B-Elite-001 to B-Elite-076. Elite strain files were also established, including germplasm collection information, domestication data at all levels, quality testing reports, and GPS location information.

[0080] Step S3: Using 76 elite strains as propagation material, three rapid propagation methods were carried out simultaneously:

[0081] Select 50 healthy, disease-free rhizome segments from elite strains. Each segment should contain 3-4 buds, be 3-4 cm long, and cut at a 45° angle. Place the rhizome segments in a 40kHz ultrasonic cleaner for 5 minutes (using purified water as the cleaning solution), then remove and drain.

[0082] The three-stage hormonal gradient immersion process involved three stages: first, immersion in 200 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid solution for 2 hours; second, immersion in a mixture of 100 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 50 mg / L gibberellin solution for 4 hours; and third, immersion in 50 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine solution for 6 hours.

[0083] After soaking, dip the rhizome segments in rooting powder containing 0.1% indolebutyric acid (IBA) and transfer them to a sterilized river sand germination bed. The germination bed is a brick-built pool, measuring 3m × 1.5m × 0.3m. The bottom layer is a 10cm drainage layer of gravel, topped with a 20cm layer of river sand sterilized at 121℃ for 30 minutes, with a sand moisture content of 30-35%. Arrange the rhizome segments with buds facing upwards at 5cm × 5cm intervals, cover with 2cm of sand, cover with a transparent plastic film, and place in a greenhouse. Maintain a daytime temperature of 22-25℃ and a nighttime temperature of 12-15℃, with a humidity of 80-85%.

[0084] Germination begins after 18 days, and the germination rate reaches 88% (44 / 50) after 25 days, with buds 2-3cm long. The germinated seedlings are then transplanted into 8cm×10cm nutrient pots (substrate: peat moss: perlite: vermiculite = 3:1:1) for temporary planting and greenhouse cultivation for 2 months, with a temporary planting survival rate of 92%.

[0085] In August, approximately 5 kg of ripe, dark blue berries were harvested from a wild population and brought back to the laboratory. The pulp was removed by rinsing with water, yielding approximately 12,000 seeds. The seeds were then soaked in a 500 mg / L gibberellin solution for 24 hours to break dormancy.

[0086] Variable-temperature stratification: Mix seeds with moist sand (sand:seed = 3:1, sand moisture content 60%) and place in a stratification box. Stratification program: maintain at 20℃ for 2 months, 4℃ for 3 months, and 10℃ for 1 month, turning the seeds every 15 days. After stratification, the seed emergence rate is 72%.

[0087] In March of the following year, stratified seeds were sown in a sterilized fine sand bed (2cm sand layer, 1cm soil cover, and straw mulch to retain moisture). The seedbed was placed in a greenhouse, with 4000 lux of light and a temperature of 20-25℃ for the first two months, and 2000 lux of light and a temperature of 10-15℃ for the next two months to harden the seedlings. When the seedlings grew to 10cm and had a stem diameter of more than 0.3cm (about 4 months), they were grafted onto elite rootstocks using the cleft grafting method, kept moist and shaded for 15 days, with a grafting survival rate of 87%.

[0088] For rapid propagation via tissue culture, 120 explants were obtained from the tender shoot tips (0.5-1.0 cm long) and rhizome segments with buds (containing 1-2 buds) of elite strains. The explants were sterilized by immersion in 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, rinsing three times with sterile water, immersion in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 8 minutes, rinsing five times with sterile water, and then blotting dry with sterile filter paper. After pretreatment at 4℃ for 7 days, they were transferred to culture medium. Specifically:

[0089] Callus induction: MS, 30 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L agar, 1.0 mg / L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine, cultured in the dark at 25℃ for 30 days, callus induction rate 82%.

[0090] Shoot differentiation: MS, 30 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L agar, 1.0 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.1 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid, cultured at 25℃, 3000 lux, 12 h / d for 45 days, shoot differentiation rate 75%, average 3.2 shoots differentiated per callus.

[0091] Rooting: 1 / 2 MS, 20 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L agar, 0.5 mg / L indolebutyric acid, cultured at 20℃, 4000 lux, 14 h / d for 30 days, the rooting rate was 88%, and the average root length was 2.5 cm.

[0092] Three-stage seedling hardening: 7 days in a greenhouse with the cover open, 14 days in a shade shed, and 30 days under the forest canopy, with a transplant survival rate of 82%.

[0093] Approximately 3,500 seedlings were obtained through the three rapid propagation methods, including 450 seedlings from rhizome propagation, 600 seedlings from seed propagation, and 2,450 seedlings from tissue culture propagation, meeting the needs of large-scale cultivation. The three-in-one propagation system is attached. Figure 3 As shown.

[0094] Step S4: Construct a biomimetic microenvironment precision cultivation system and establish a 50-mu biomimetic cultivation demonstration base at an altitude of 2900m in Yupu Township, Bomi County.

[0095] The base is equipped with an electrically adjustable shading net on the roof, in conjunction with LED full-spectrum supplemental lighting, which is controlled by a photosensitive sensor and an intelligent controller. Seasonal control strategies: Spring (March-May) 3000-5000 lux of light, no supplemental lighting required; Summer (June-August) 5000-8000 lux of light, shading up to 50%; Autumn (September-November) 2000-4000 lux of light, supplemental lighting up to 3000 lux; Winter (December-February) 1000-2000 lux of light, supplemental lighting up to 2000 lux for 4 hours per day.

[0096] In winter, a double-layer inflatable membrane is used for covering, in conjunction with a ground source heat pump system and a misting spray system. This simulates the diurnal temperature range of a plateau: 15-22℃ during the day and 2-10℃ at night, a diurnal temperature difference of 10-15℃, and a relative humidity of 60-80%. In summer, ventilation openings in the inflatable membrane are used to regulate humidity and prevent excessive heat and humidity.

[0097] In the biomimetic soil microecological subsystem, a biomimetic soil formula is applied during land preparation: 35% alpine humus, 25% local sandy loam, 15% well-rotted yak manure, 10% perlite, 10% biochar, and 5% Polygonatum-specific compound microbial agent. The microbial agent consists of Bacillus subtilis (≥2×10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g), Trichoderma harzianum (≥1×10) 9 CFU / g), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (≥500 spores / g), and gelatinous Bacillus (≥1×10⁻⁶). 8 It is a compound of CFU / g. At planting, apply 20g of the inoculant to each hole and mix it evenly with the soil. During the growing season, apply 10g / m² every two months as a top dressing. 2 .

[0098] Within the biomimetic water cycle subsystem, a rainwater harvesting and storage system is constructed: a 200m high-level system is installed above the base. 3 Two rainwater collection ponds collect rainwater and snowmelt, which are then stored after being filtered through sand and activated carbon. A drip irrigation network is laid, and precise irrigation is achieved on demand through soil moisture sensors and an intelligent control system.

[0099] In the intelligent monitoring and control subsystem, an IoT sensor network is deployed: one set of sensors per acre for soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature, air humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration. Data is uploaded to the cloud management platform via 4G / 5G network to achieve remote real-time monitoring and automated control. The platform is equipped with threshold alarm functions for each parameter.

[0100] Step S5: Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management

[0101] Before transplanting, apply the following base fertilizer per acre: 3000 kg of well-rotted yak manure (30-35% moisture content), 500 kg of biochar (2-5 mm particle size), 50 kg of superphosphate, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, and 30 kg of Polygonatum-specific compound microbial agent. Mix thoroughly with the cultivation substrate and then form raised beds.

[0102] Germination period (mid-March to mid-April): Apply 5 kg of urea, 3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 2 kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer per mu, diluted with 1000 kg of water for drip irrigation, once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times.

[0103] During the vegetative growth period (late April to mid-July): Apply 5 kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=20-20-20) and 3 kg of humic acid fertilizer per mu, diluted with 800 kg of water and drip-irrigated, once every 10 days, for a total of 9 times.

[0104] During the rhizome enlargement period (late July to mid-September): Apply 5 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-10-30) and 2 kg of seaweed fertilizer per mu, diluted with 800 kg of water and drip-irrigated, once every 10 days, for a total of 6 times.

[0105] Before the yellowing period (late September to early October): Apply 3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, diluted in 500 kg of water, as a foliar spray, for a total of 2 times.

[0106] Spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% borax foliar fertilizer every 15 days; during the vigorous growth period (June-July), spray with 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution.

[0107] Irrigate during the germination period when the soil moisture content is 30-35%, at a rate of 5 L / m² every 3 days. 2 During the vegetative growth period, the soil moisture content should be 35-40%, and irrigation should be carried out at 8L / m² every 2 days. 2 During the rhizome enlargement period, the soil moisture content should be 40-45%, and irrigation should be carried out at 10L / m² per day. 2 Irrigation ceases during the dry season. All irrigation water comes from the rainwater harvesting and storage system, and is precisely supplied through the drip irrigation network.

[0108] Step S6: Fully Biological Green Control

[0109] Apply Trichoderma harzianum fungicide (effective live bacteria ≥ 1×10⁻⁶) to each planting hole at the time of planting. 9 Mix 20g of CFU / g with the soil in the hole.

[0110] In July, sporadic black spot and leaf spot diseases were discovered (incidence rate of approximately 5%). Immediately, a 1 billion CFU / mL Bacillus subtilis suspension was sprayed every 7 days for 3 consecutive times. Simultaneously, the ambient humidity was reduced to below 70%. The disease was controlled after 14 days. In August, some plants showed anthracnose symptoms (incidence rate of approximately 3%). A 0.5% chitosan solution was sprayed every 5 days for 4 consecutive times, combined with an application of 10g / hole of a Polygonatum-specific compound microbial agent. The disease healed after 21 days.

[0111] Regarding pest control, a survey in June found that grub damage was approximately 8%. The treatment involved applying Metarhizium anisopliae granules (effective live bacteria ≥ 1×10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g) 2kg / mu, and at the same time, 6 black light lamps (1 lamp per 10 mu) were set up around the base to attract and kill adult scarab beetles. Cutworm larvae were found to be causing damage in July, and Beauveria bassiana suspension (effective live bacteria ≥1×10) was applied. 9 Root drenching treatment (CFU / mL) was administered at 100 mL per hole. In August, aphid infestation was found to be approximately 6%, so 500 ladybugs per acre were released, and 0.3% matrine soluble concentrate was sprayed twice, once every 10 days. In September, spider mite infestation was discovered, so 10 Chilean phytosei mites per plant were released, and the area was covered with 40-mesh insect-proof netting.

[0112] Physical control measures were implemented, with the cultivation area surrounded by a 40-mesh insect-proof net (1.5m high), and 25 yellow sticky insect boards per acre (hanging height 0.5m above the ground). One solar-powered insecticidal lamp (wavelength 365nm) was installed for every 50 acres, and one row each of sesame and sunflowers were planted along the field edges as attractant zones.

[0113] After three consecutive years of planting Polygonatum at the base, Vetch green manure is rotated for one year in the following spring and then plowed into the soil. During the rotation period, 30 kg / mu of Polygonatum-specific compound microbial agent and 200 kg / mu of biochar are applied for soil remediation. After the rotation ends, Polygonatum planting can be resumed.

[0114] Step S7: Initial processing and quality control at the place of origin

[0115] From mid-October to early November, after four years of cultivation, harvest the Polygonatum plants that have reached the required growth period from 50 mu (approximately 3.3 hectares) of the base on sunny days. During harvesting, first cut off the withered stems and leaves above ground, then carefully dig up the rhizomes to avoid mechanical damage. After harvesting, perform initial grading on-site.

[0116] Immediately after harvesting, the grains are transported to the processing workshop and cleaned with a low-pressure bubble cleaner. The water pressure is ≤0.3MPa, the water temperature is 15℃-20℃, and the cleaning time does not exceed 5 minutes to remove mud, sand, and impurities.

[0117] The first steaming involves placing the cleaned Polygonatum rhizome in a normal-pressure steamer and steaming at 100℃ for 2 hours. After steaming, it is removed and spread out to dry in a well-ventilated area (covered with shade netting) until the moisture content reaches 50% (approximately 2 days). The second steaming involves steaming at 100℃ under normal pressure for 3 hours, followed by drying until the moisture content reaches 40% (approximately 2 days). The third steaming involves steaming at 100℃ under normal pressure for 4 hours, followed by drying until the moisture content reaches 35% (approximately 2 days). After these three steaming and drying processes, the Polygonatum rhizome is placed in a hot-air circulating oven and slowly dried at a low temperature of 45-50℃ until the moisture content reaches 12-14% (approximately 5-7 days). The total processing cycle is approximately 18 days.

[0118] Cut the dried product into 2-3mm thick slices using a stainless steel slicer. Based on the root diameter, grade them into three levels: premium grade ≥2.5cm, grade 1 1.5-2.5cm, and grade 2 <1.5cm. Weigh each slice and seal them in nitrogen-filled aluminum foil bags (nitrogen purity ≥99.9%), 500g per bag. After packing, store in a cool, dry warehouse (temperature ≤25℃, humidity ≤60%).

[0119] The Tibet Autonomous Region Food and Drug Inspection Institute was commissioned to conduct full-item testing according to the following standards. The test results show that all tested items meet the quality control standards, and the product can be used as a pharmaceutical raw material:

[0120]

[0121] Example 2: Method for introducing, domesticating, and cultivating wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet, including the following steps:

[0122] Step S1: In this embodiment, Nedong District of Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region was selected as the seed source collection area. This area is located in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River valley, with geographical coordinates of 91°40′-92°10′ east longitude and 29°00′-29°30′ north latitude. It belongs to the plateau temperate arid climate, with an average annual temperature of 8.2℃, an annual precipitation of 380mm, and a frost-free period of about 150 days.

[0123] Four gradient acquisition bands:

[0124] Zone I (River Valley Shrubland Zone at an altitude of 2400-2700m): Located in the river valley shrubland along the route from Zedang Town to Changzhu Town in Naidong District, with 5 sampling points (N1-N5), 30 plants at each point, for a total of 150 plants.

[0125] Ⅱ zone (2800-3100m altitude hillside shrub zone): located along the hillside shrub zone from Suozhu Township to Jieba Township in Nedong District, with 4 sampling points (N6-N9), 30 plants at each point, for a total of 120 plants.

[0126] Zone III (3200-3500m alpine meadow zone): Located along the alpine meadows from Yadui Township to Pozhang Township in Naidong District, with 4 sampling points (N10-N13), 30 plants at each point, for a total of 120 plants.

[0127] Zone IV (3600-3900m altitude alpine shrubland): Located along the alpine shrubland in Kare Township, Nedong District, with 3 sampling points (N14-N16), 30 plants at each point, for a total of 90 plants.

[0128] The collection period is from September 20th to October 5th each year. A total of 480 plants were collected, and after grading, 132 plants were selected as first-level superior plants, 198 plants were selected as second-level superior plants, and 150 plants were eliminated as third-level superior plants.

[0129] Disinfection treatment: First stage: rinsing with running water for 30 minutes (water temperature 16℃-19℃); Second stage: soaking in 500 times diluted carbendazim and methyl thiophanate (1:1) solution for 20 minutes; Third stage: soaking in 1000 times diluted streptomycin and copper sulfate (3:1) solution for 10 minutes. Antibacterial wound healing film coating and refrigeration at 2℃-4℃ for 30 days for pre-adaptation treatment are the same as in Example 1.

[0130] Step S2: Four-level step-by-step gradient domestication and selection

[0131] 1. First-level greenhouse pre-acclimatization (altitude 2400m, intelligent greenhouse in Naidong District Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park), the acclimatization period is 6 months.

[0132] Substrate formulation: 38% alpine humus, 26% perlite, 14% vermiculite, 12% peat, 10% well-rotted sheep manure, pH 6.1, EC 1.3 mS / cm, sterilized at 121℃ for 30 min.

[0133] Planting parameters: row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 15cm, soil covering 4-5cm. Daytime temperature 18-26℃, nighttime temperature 8-16℃, relative humidity 55-70%, photoperiod 12h / 12h, light intensity 3500-5500 lux, substrate moisture content 35-40%, Hoagland's nutrient solution at 1 / 4 concentration weekly.

[0134] Domestication results: The survival rate of the first-stage selection was 88.6% (117 / 132), with 108 plants having ≥5 new roots per plant; the survival rate of the second-stage selection was 78.3% (155 / 198), with 124 plants having ≥5 new roots per plant. A total of 232 plants entered the second stage.

[0135] 2. Second-level semi-open acclimatization (altitude 3000m, semi-open acclimatization base in Suozhu Township, Naidong District), the acclimatization cycle is 12 months, experiencing a complete winter cycle.

[0136] Since the annual precipitation in Shannan region is only 380mm, far lower than that in Bomi, the following adjustments will be made to water management:

[0137] The light training is the same as in Example 1, with 10% of the shade netting removed every 2 weeks.

[0138] Water training: Irrigate once every 3 days during the first 1-2 months, 6L / m2 Irrigate every 5 days during the 3rd and 4th months at a rate of 5 L / m². 2 From the 5th month onwards, irrigate once every 7 days at a rate of 4 L / m². 2 Artificial irrigation will cease starting from the 7th month.

[0139] Winter insulation: Since the nighttime temperature in Shannan can reach -15℃ in winter, double-layer insulation film is added, and if necessary, electric heating wires are turned on to maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at no lower than -5℃.

[0140] Domestication results: Overall survival rate was 71.5% (166 / 232). 149 plants with electrolyte permeability <40% after treatment at -10℃ were selected for the third stage.

[0141] 3. Third-level forest understory acclimatization (altitude 3400m, under dark coniferous forest in Yadui Township, Naidong District), with a acclimatization period of 12 months.

[0142] Site selection: North slope under a spruce forest with 50% canopy closure, slope of 22°, sandy loam soil, humus layer of 18cm, pH 6.5.

[0143] Management: Due to low rainfall in the southern part of the mountain, supplementary irrigation is carried out twice a month, with each irrigation providing 8L / m². 2 No chemical fertilizers are used; only 0.5 kg of well-rotted yak manure is applied to each hole in spring.

[0144] Domestication results: The natural overwintering survival rate was 63.2% (94 / 149), and the disease incidence rate was 14.5%, which met the promotion standards. 94 plants entered the fourth level.

[0145] 4. Level 4 extreme acclimatization (altitude 3800m, edge of alpine shrubland in Kare Township, Naidong District), the acclimatization period is 24 months, spanning two complete overwintering cycles.

[0146] Site selection: North slope of the edge of alpine shrub meadow at an altitude of 3800m, with a slope of 10°, sandy loam soil, humus layer of 12cm, pH 6.9.

[0147] The results showed that the survival rate was 76.6% (72 / 94) after the first overwintering cycle; during the quality test at the peak of the first growing season, 56 plants had polysaccharide ≥12% and 52 plants had saponin ≥3%; after the second overwintering cycle, the survival rate was 71.3% (51 / 72); at the end of the domestication period, 48 elite strains were finally selected and numbered N-Elite-001 to N-Elite-048.

[0148] Step S3: Rapid propagation using 48 elite strains:

[0149] Rapid propagation of rhizomes: Take 30 rhizome segments, treat with ultrasound at 40kHz for 5 minutes, soak in triple hormones as in Example 1, and use river sand in a 20cm germination bed. The germination rate is 86% (26 / 30), and the survival rate after transplanting is 90%.

[0150] Rapid propagation from seeds: Harvest 3 kg of berries, stratify them, and then sow them. The grafting survival rate is 85%.

[0151] Tissue culture rapid propagation: 80 explants, callus induction rate 80%, bud differentiation rate 72%, rooting rate 85%, and transplant survival rate 80% after three-stage hardening-off. A total of approximately 1800 seedlings were obtained.

[0152] Step S4: Bionic Microenvironment Precision Cultivation System

[0153] A 20-mu (approximately 3.3 hectares) biomimetic cultivation base was established at an altitude of 3000m in Suozhu Township, Nedong District. Due to the scarcity of rainfall in the southern mountainous region, the water cycle subsystem was particularly strengthened.

[0154] The rainwater harvesting and storage system has been expanded to 300m. 3 Three water storage tanks, coupled with solar-powered water pumps, ensure an ample irrigation water supply. The density of the drip irrigation network has been increased, with the dripper spacing adjusted to 20cm and the flow rate set at 1.5L / h. 0.1% water-retaining agent (polyacrylamide) has been added to the biomimetic soil to enhance its water retention capacity.

[0155] Step S5: Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management

[0156] During the germination period, the soil moisture content should be 30-35%, and irrigation should be carried out at 6L / m² every 2 days. 2 During the vegetative growth period, the soil moisture content should be 35-40%, and irrigation should be carried out at 8L / m² per day. 2 During the rhizome enlargement period, the soil moisture content should be 40-45%, and irrigation should be carried out at 12L / m² per day. 2 Stop irrigation during the dry season.

[0157] The topdressing program is the same as in Example 1, but an additional foliar spray of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied every quarter to compensate for water stress.

[0158] Step S6: Fully biological green control. Pests are relatively less severe in the Shannan area, but due to drought conditions, spider mites and aphids are prone to occur.

[0159] Apply 20g of Trichoderma harzianum fungicide per planting hole, and no significant diseases occurred throughout the year. In August of the second year of cultivation, the aphid infestation rate was approximately 4%, so 400 ladybugs per acre were released and 0.3% matrine was sprayed. In September of the third year of cultivation, the spider mite infestation rate was approximately 3%, so Chilean phytosei mites were released and the area was covered with 40-mesh insect-proof netting. Treatment for continuous cropping obstacles: After three consecutive years of planting Polygonatum, a one-year rotation with hairy vetch green manure was implemented the following year.

[0160] Step S7: Initial processing and quality control at the place of origin

[0161] The Polygonatum plants, having reached their full growth period after four years of cultivation, were harvested in October. The processing method was the same as in Example 1, with a total processing cycle of 17 days. The quality inspection results are shown in the table below:

[0162]

[0163] The test results show that, due to abundant sunshine and a large temperature difference between day and night (22℃ during the day and 5℃ at night), the content of effective components of Polygonatum in Shannan is slightly higher than that in Bomi.

[0164] Example 3: Method for introducing, domesticating, and cultivating wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet, including the following steps:

[0165] Step S1: In this embodiment, Sangzhuzi District of Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region, was selected as the seed source collection area. The geographical coordinates are 88°50′-89°10′ east longitude and 29°15′-29°45′ north latitude. It belongs to the plateau temperate semi-arid climate, with an average annual temperature of 6.5℃, an annual precipitation of 420mm, and a frost-free period of about 120 days.

[0166] Four gradient acquisition bands:

[0167] Zone I (River Valley Shrubland Zone at an altitude of 2400-2700m): Located along the line from Jiangdang Township to Nianmu Township in Sangzhuzi District, with 4 sampling points (R1-R4), 35 plants at each point, for a total of 140 plants.

[0168] Zone II (altitude 2800-3200m mountain slope meadow zone): located along the line from Dongga Township to Qumei Township in Sangzhuzi District, with 4 sampling points (R5-R8), 30 plants at each point, for a total of 120 plants.

[0169] Zone III (3300-3700m alpine meadow zone): Located along the route from Nierxiong Township to Chengbei in Sangzhuzi District, with 4 sampling points (R9-R12), 30 plants at each point, for a total of 120 plants.

[0170] Zone IV (3800-4200m high-altitude scree slope shrubland zone): Located along the route of Jiacuoxiong Township, Sangzhuzi District, with 3 sampling points (R13-R15), 25 plants at each point, for a total of 75 plants.

[0171] The collection period is from September 15th to September 30th each year. A total of 455 plants were collected, and after grading, 115 plants were selected as first-level superior plants, 182 plants were selected as second-level superior plants, and 158 plants were eliminated as third-level superior plants.

[0172] The difference between the disinfection treatment and Example 1 is that the third-level disinfection soaking time is extended to 15 minutes. After coating with the antibacterial film, the wound is refrigerated at 2-4℃ for 30 days.

[0173] Step S2: Four-level step-by-step gradient domestication and selection

[0174] 1. First-level greenhouse pre-acclimatization (altitude 2500m, greenhouse of Sangzhuzi District Agricultural Technology Extension Center), acclimatization period is 6 months.

[0175] Substrate composition: 42% alpine humus, 24% perlite, 16% vermiculite, 8% peat, 10% well-rotted sheep manure, pH 6.4, EC 1.1 mS / cm.

[0176] Environmental parameters: daytime temperature 17-24℃, nighttime temperature 6-14℃, relative humidity 60-75%, photoperiod 12h / 12h, light intensity 3000-4500 lux, substrate moisture content 35-40%.

[0177] Domestication results: The survival rate of the first-stage selection was 85.2% (98 / 115), with 88 plants having ≥5 new roots per plant; the survival rate of the second-stage selection was 72.5% (132 / 182), with 102 plants having ≥5 new roots per plant. A total of 190 plants entered the second stage.

[0178] 2. Second-level semi-open acclimatization (altitude 3100m, semi-open acclimatization site in Dongga Township, Sangzhuzi District), the acclimatization cycle is 12 months, experiencing a complete winter cycle.

[0179] The site's structure consists of a double-layer steel frame and a triple-layer covering. When the temperature drops below -10℃, an electric heating fan is activated to provide warmth.

[0180] For light conditioning, remove 10% of the shade netting every two weeks starting from the second month. For water conditioning, irrigate with 6L / m² every three days. 2 5L / m every 5 days 2 4L / m every 7 days 2 Natural precipitation.

[0181] The overall survival rate was 68.9% (131 / 190) in the acclimatization results. 112 plants with electrolyte permeability <40% after treatment at -10℃ were promoted to the third stage.

[0182] 3. Level 3 forest understory acclimatization (altitude 3600m, alpine meadow and shrubland under Nierxiong Township, Sangzhuzi District), with a total acclimatization period of 12 months.

[0183] Site selection: Altitude 3600m, northern slope of shrub edge, slope 18°, sandy loam soil, humus layer 14cm, pH 6.6.

[0184] Management: Supplement irrigation at 5 L / m² only during severe drought. 2 No fertilizer is applied.

[0185] Domestication results: The natural overwintering survival rate was 57.8% (65 / 112), but the surviving plants were all robust. The disease incidence rate was 11.2%, and the disease incidence rate was ≤15%. 65 plants entered the fourth stage.

[0186] 4. Level 4 extreme acclimatization (altitude 4100m, edge of alpine scree slope shrubland in Jiacuoxiong Township, Sangzhuzi District), the acclimatization period is 24 months, spanning two complete overwintering cycles.

[0187] Site selection: Altitude 4100m, edge of alpine scree slope shrubland, slope 8°, sandy loam soil mixed with gravel, humus layer 8cm, pH 7.0.

[0188] The results showed that the survival rate was 69.2% (45 / 65) after the first overwintering cycle; during the first growing season, 35 plants had polysaccharide content ≥12% and 33 plants had saponin content ≥3%; the survival rate was 64.4% (29 / 45) after the second overwintering cycle; and 26 elite strains were finally selected at the end of the domestication period, numbered R-Elite-001 to R-Elite-026.

[0189] Step S3: Rapid propagation using 26 elite strains:

[0190] Rapid propagation of rhizomes: Take 20 rhizome segments, treat them with ultrasound and soak them in triple hormones as in Example 1, with a germination rate of 82% (16 / 20) and a transplant survival rate of 88%.

[0191] Rapid propagation from seeds: Harvest approximately 2.5 kg of mature berries each August, stratify and sow, and the grafting survival rate is 82%.

[0192] Tissue culture rapid propagation: 60 explants were obtained, with a callus induction rate of 78%, a bud differentiation rate of 70%, a rooting rate of 82%, and a transplant survival rate of 78% after three-stage hardening-off. A total of approximately 1,100 seedlings were obtained.

[0193] Step S4: Bionic Microenvironment Precision Cultivation System

[0194] A 15-mu (approximately 1 hectare) biomimetic cultivation base was established at an altitude of 3100m in Dongga Township, Sangzhuzi District. In biomimetic light control, a UV-B filter membrane was added, the shading net's shading rate was adjusted to 40-70%, and the supplemental lighting power was increased. In biomimetic temperature and humidity control, the inflatable membrane was thickened to a double layer, the ground source heat pump power was increased, and windbreaks were added. In biomimetic soil, the proportion of humus was increased to 40%, perlite was reduced to 8%, and biochar was increased to 15% to improve infertile soil.

[0195] Step S5: Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management

[0196] During the germination period, the soil moisture content should be 30-35%, and irrigation should be carried out at 7L / m² every 2 days. 2 During the vegetative growth period, the soil moisture content should be 35-40%, and irrigation should be carried out at 10L / m² per day. 2 During the rhizome enlargement period, the soil moisture content should be 40-45%, and irrigation should be carried out at 12L / m² per day. 2.

[0197] Stop irrigation during the yellowing period. The topdressing plan is the same as in Example 1, but add one more topdressing during the budding period and one more during the vegetative growth period (a total of 4 and 10 times).

[0198] Step S6: Fully Biological Green Control

[0199] Regarding diseases, only sporadic leaf spot disease was observed in the first year of cultivation, which could be controlled by spraying Bacillus subtilis twice. For pests, a small number of grubs (3% damage rate) were found in the second year of cultivation; these were controlled by applying Metarhizium anisopliae granules and black light traps. For physical control, the insect netting was upgraded to 60 mesh (due to the abundance of small insects at high altitudes), and 30 sticky traps were used per acre. After three consecutive years of planting Polygonatum, a one-year rotation with Vitex negundo green manure was implemented the following year.

[0200] Step S7: Initial processing and quality control at the place of origin

[0201] The Polygonatum plants, having reached their four-year growth period, were harvested in October. Processing was performed as in Example 1, with a total processing cycle of 19 days. The quality inspection results are shown in the table below:

[0202]

[0203] The test results show that the elite strains obtained from the extreme high-altitude domestication in Shigatse have the highest content of effective components, with Polygonatum polysaccharides reaching 16.2%, total saponins 4.5%, and flavonoids 2.4%, making them the best quality strains. However, their yield is relatively low, with a yield of about 80 kg of fresh product per mu, which is lower than the 120 kg in Bomi and the 100 kg in Shannan. Therefore, Shigatse is suitable for developing a high-quality medicinal raw material base.

[0204] Example 4: Comparative Experiment on Optimized Biomimetic Soil Formula

[0205] Wild Tibetan Polygonatum sp. is native to alpine thickets, forest edges and rock crevices at altitudes of 3200–4500m. Its native soil is characterized by high organic matter, loose and breathable, slightly acidic, rich in humus and specific mineral elements.

[0206] Test materials

[0207] Wild Polygonatum rhizomes collected in Linzhi, Tibet, at an altitude of 3800m were selected. After cleaning and disinfection (soaking in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes), rhizomes with plump buds, free from pests and diseases, and weighing (8±2)g per bud were selected as seedlings. The cut ends were dried in a cool and ventilated place before use.

[0208] Soil materials used for testing:

[0209]

[0210] Test container

[0211] A plastic cultivation box with dimensions of 40cm×30cm×25cm (length×width×height) has 6 drainage holes with a diameter of 1cm at the bottom and is lined with a layer of nylon mesh to prevent soil leakage.

[0212] Bionic soil formulation design

[0213] Based on the soil characteristics analysis of the native habitat of wild Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet, seven biomimetic soil formulation treatment groups and one conventional cultivation control group were designed, for a total of eight groups. Each formulation used alpine humus as the base substrate, mixed according to volume ratios, and the pH was slightly adjusted to the range of 5.2-5.8 with sulfur powder. The treatment group settings are shown in the table below:

[0214]

[0215] A completely randomized block design was adopted, with 6 replicates per group (i.e., 6 cultivation boxes). 3 Polygonatum plants were planted in each box, for a total of 8 groups × 6 replicates × 3 plants = 144 plants. The experiment was conducted in a smart temperature-controlled greenhouse, with the temperature controlled at (18±3)℃, relative humidity at 65–75%, and light intensity at 8000–12000 lx (assisted by supplemental lighting), primarily using natural diffused light.

[0216] Test methods

[0217] Weigh all ingredients according to the set volume ratio and mix thoroughly. Before filling, measure the actual pH and bulk density of each substrate group; if it does not meet the set range, adjust it slightly with sulfur powder or a small amount of lime. Fill each box with approximately 22L of substrate, gently compact it, and maintain a naturally loose state. After filling, water thoroughly, cover with film to retain moisture for 24 hours before planting.

[0218] Plant 3 seedlings per box in a triangular pattern, with the buds facing upwards, and cover with 3-5cm of soil. Water thoroughly immediately after planting to help the roots establish. Thereafter, maintain the substrate moisture content at 60-70%, watering 1-2 times per week. Do not apply chemical fertilizers during the trial period, except for a base fertilizer supplement of 50g of well-rotted sheep manure evenly spread in each box on the 60th day after planting. Weed regularly by hand, without using herbicides.

[0219] Samples were taken and measured on days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 after transplanting.

[0220] (1) Survival rate and emergence rate

[0221] On the 30th day after transplanting, count the number of seedlings that have emerged and calculate the emergence rate (number of seedlings / number of transplanted plants × 100%); on the 180th day, count the number of surviving plants and calculate the survival rate.

[0222] (2) Aboveground growth indicators

[0223] At each sampling point, plant height, number of leaves, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, and stem diameter were measured (using vernier calipers, 2 cm above the ground), and the leaf area index was calculated.

[0224] (3) Rhizome yield and quality

[0225] Harvest on day 180. Take whole rhizomes, rinse with water and measure fresh weight. Dry at 60℃ to constant weight and measure dry weight. Calculate the dry weight ratio. After pulverizing and passing through a 40-mesh sieve, determine the content of Polygonatum polysaccharides (phenol-sulfuric acid method) and steroidal saponins (total ginsenosides Rg1, Re, and Rb1, according to the method in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia) using HPLC.

[0226] (4) Dynamic monitoring of soil physicochemical properties

[0227] Each time a matrix sample was taken (using a 5-point sampling method), pH, organic matter content (potassium dichromate titration method), alkaline nitrogen (alkaline diffusion method), available phosphorus (Olsen method), available potassium (flame photometry method), bulk density (ring cutter method), and porosity (calculation method) were measured.

[0228] (5) Root morphology analysis

[0229] On the 180th day of harvest, one plant was randomly selected from each box, and parameters such as total root length, root surface area, root volume, average root diameter, and number of root tips were analyzed using a root scanner (WinRHIZOPro).

[0230] The effects of different biomimetic formulations on the survival rate and emergence rate of Polygonatum odoratum are shown in the table below:

[0231]

[0232] The results showed that T6 had the highest germination rate and survival rate, reaching 97.2% and 94.4% respectively, which were significantly higher than the conventional control group CK (P<0.01). Although T4 had the highest organic matter content, its survival rate was actually lower because the substrate was too loose and had excessive water retention, resulting in decreased aeration and root hypoxia. This suggests that higher organic matter content is not necessarily better.

[0233] The effects of different biomimetic formulations on aboveground growth are shown in the table below:

[0234]

[0235] The results showed that T6 and T7 exhibited the best aboveground growth indicators, with plant heights exceeding 53 cm, significantly higher than the CK group (P<0.01). T4 showed inhibited plant growth due to a high risk of substrate compaction. All biomimetic formulations were significantly superior to the CK group in terms of plant height, leaf area, and stem diameter (P<0.05), indicating that the biomimetic soil significantly promoted the aboveground vegetative growth of Polygonatum.

[0236] The effects of different biomimetic formulations on rhizome yield and active ingredients are shown in the table below:

[0237]

[0238] The results showed that the fresh weight of the rhizomes of T6 reached 51.2 g / plant and the dry weight reached 21.8 g / plant, which were 1.80 times and 2.02 times that of the CK group, respectively. The polysaccharide content (20.1%) and total saponin content (7.3 mg / g) were the highest among all groups and significantly higher than the CK group (P<0.01). T2 and T5 also performed well, but slightly worse than T6. Considering both yield and quality, T6 (alpine humus soil: well-rotted pine needle soil: peat moss: perlite = 3:3:2:2) was the optimal formulation.

[0239] During the experiment, the substrate pH of group T6 remained stable between 5.1 and 5.4, and the organic matter content slowly decreased from the initial 28.7% to 22.1% (over 180 days), still significantly higher than that of the control group (which decreased from 4.2% to 3.1%). Group T4, due to excessive organic matter, showed slight signs of anaerobic fermentation in the later stages, with the pH dropping to 4.3, which was unfavorable for root growth. The bulk density of group T6 remained between 0.73 and 0.78 g / cm³. 3 The total porosity is maintained at 62%-66%, and the water and air are well coordinated.

[0240] The total root length of group T6 was 485.3 ± 42.6 cm, and the root surface area was 128.5 ± 13.2 cm². 2 ), root volume (6.8±0.7cm) 3 The root diameter of the T6 group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.01), with an average root diameter of 0.42±0.05 mm. The number of root tips was large and evenly distributed, indicating that the T6 formula was conducive to the full extension of the root system and nutrient absorption. The root system of the CK group was short and thick with few root tips, reflecting that conventional soil was not suitable for the development of Polygonatum root system.

[0241] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0242] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the introduction, domestication, and cultivation of wild Polygonatum sibiricum from Tibet, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Four gradient collection zones with altitudes of 2300-4200m were established in the natural distribution area of ​​Polygonatum sibiricum in Tibet. Rhizomes of 3-5 year old plants with robust growth and no obvious pests or diseases were collected from late September to mid-October each year. The collected rhizomes were classified and screened in three levels according to rhizome diameter, number of buds, integrity of fibrous roots, and pest or disease status. The rhizomes were then subjected to three levels of disinfection treatment: rinsing with running water, soaking in a mixture of fungicides, and soaking in a mixture of antibacterial agents. After disinfection, allow the wound to air dry naturally in a cool, ventilated place, and apply a wound-healing antibacterial film to the cut area; then place it in a refrigerated environment at 2-4℃ for a 30-day low-temperature pre-acclimatization treatment. Step S2: The germplasm treated in Step S1 underwent a four-stage progressive acclimatization process. The first stage was pre-acclimatization in a greenhouse at an altitude of 2300-2800m for 6 months; the second stage was semi-open acclimatization at an altitude of 2800-3300m, lasting a full winter cycle for 12 months; the third stage was open-field acclimatization under mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 3300-3800m for 12 months; and the fourth stage was extreme acclimatization in an alpine shrub meadow environment at an altitude of 3800-4200m for 24 months. Survival rate, growth rate, cold resistance, and effective component content were set as breeding evaluation criteria for each stage of acclimatization. Elite strains were obtained through progressive screening. Step S3: Using the elite strains selected in Step S2 as propagation materials, a three-in-one propagation system combining rhizome rapid propagation, seed rapid propagation, and tissue culture rapid propagation is established. Rhizome rapid propagation employs ultrasonic-assisted cutting combined with a gradient soaking method using triple plant growth regulators, followed by transplanting after budding in a sand bed. Seed rapid propagation utilizes variable-temperature stratification to break dormancy and dual-controllable light and temperature seedling cultivation technology. Tissue culture rapid propagation uses tender shoot tips and rhizome segments with buds as explants, undergoing low-temperature pretreatment followed by callus induction, bud differentiation, and rooting culture. After three levels of hardening-off—greenhouse hardening-off, shade shed hardening-off, and under-forest hardening-off—the seedlings are then transplanted and planted. Step S4: Construct a biomimetic microenvironment cultivation system that includes a biomimetic light regulation subsystem, a biomimetic temperature and humidity regulation subsystem, a biomimetic soil microecological subsystem, a biomimetic water cycle subsystem, and an intelligent monitoring and regulation subsystem; Step S5: Apply base fertilizer before planting. During the growing season, apply water-soluble fertilizer and foliar fertilizer in four stages: budding stage, vegetative growth stage, root and stem enlargement stage, and before the yellowing stage. Irrigate as needed based on soil moisture sensor data. Step S6: Construct a fully biological green control system with microbial antagonism, release of natural enemy insects, and physical barriers as its core; Step S7: Harvest from mid-October to early November after 3-5 years of cultivation. Use an improved processing technology for initial processing, slice and grade, then pack and store in nitrogen. Establish a comprehensive quality control standard covering physicochemical indicators, safety indicators, and functional component indicators.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the four gradient sampling zones are specifically divided as follows: Zone I is the river valley forest edge area at an altitude of 2300-2600m, Zone II is the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest area at an altitude of 2700-3000m, Zone III is the dark coniferous forest area at an altitude of 3100-3500m, and Zone IV is the alpine shrub area at an altitude of 3600-4000m; each gradient zone has no fewer than 5 sampling points, and no fewer than 30 trees are collected at each sampling point; The three-tier classification criteria are as follows: Level 1 preferred category: rhizome diameter not less than 2.0cm, no less than 4 buds, intact fibrous roots and no pests or diseases; Level 2 optional category: rhizome diameter 1.5-2.0cm, 2-3 buds, basically intact fibrous roots and minor pests or diseases; Level 3 rejected category: rhizome diameter less than 1.5cm, no more than 1 bud, damaged fibrous roots and obvious pests or diseases. The three-stage disinfection process is as follows: first, rinse with running water for 30 minutes, then soak in a mixture of 500 times diluted carbendazim and methyl thiophanate for 20 minutes, and finally soak in a mixture of 1000 times diluted streptomycin and copper sulfate for 10 minutes. The callus antibacterial membrane is composed of chitosan, carbendazim and indolebutyric acid in a mass ratio of 5:2:

1.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific environmental parameters for the first-stage greenhouse pre-acclimatization in step S2 are as follows: the cultivation substrate consists of 40% alpine humus, 25% perlite, 15% vermiculite, 10% peat, and 10% well-rotted sheep manure; the substrate pH is 6.0-6.5; the electrical conductivity EC value is less than 1.5 mS / cm; the substrate is sterilized by high-pressure steam at 121℃ for 30 minutes; the planting row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the soil covering thickness is 4-5cm; the daytime temperature is 18-25℃, the nighttime temperature is 8-15℃, the relative humidity is 60-75%, the photoperiod is 12h / 12h, and the light intensity is 3000-5000 lux; the substrate moisture content is maintained at 35-40%, and 1 / 4 concentration Hoagland's nutrient solution is applied once a week.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the second level of semi-open acclimatization includes progressive environmental stress training: starting from the second month, 10% of the shade net area is removed every two weeks until it is completely removed; starting from the third month, the watering frequency is adjusted from once every two days to once every four days to carry out progressive drought training. The site selection conditions for the third-level forest understory open-field acclimatization are as follows: select a north-facing slope area under a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest with a canopy closure of 50-60%, a slope of 15°-25°, a soil type of sandy loam, a humus layer thickness of not less than 18cm, and a soil pH of 6.0-6.

8. The site selection conditions for the fourth level of extreme acclimatization are as follows: select a gentle slope area on the northern slope of the edge of alpine shrub meadow at an altitude of 3800-4200m, with a slope of 10°-20°, the soil type is sandy loam, the humus layer thickness is not less than 12cm, and the soil pH is 6.5-7.

0.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation of rapid propagation of rhizomes in step S3 is as follows: Select rhizomes of elite strains, place them in a 40kHz ultrasonic cleaner for 5 minutes, and then cut them into stem segments with 3-4 buds, 3-4cm in length, and 45° cut angle. The triple plant growth regulator gradient soaking process is as follows: the first stage involves soaking in 200 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid for 2 hours; the second stage involves soaking in a mixture of 100 mg / L indolebutyric acid and 50 mg / L gibberellin for 4 hours; and the third stage involves soaking in 50 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine for 6 hours. After soaking, the plants are dipped in rooting powder and transferred to a sterilized river sand germination bed with a sand layer thickness of 20 cm, buds facing upwards, spacing 5 cm × 5 cm, and a sand covering thickness of 2 cm. The bed is then covered with mulch to retain heat and moisture. The daytime temperature is 22-25℃, the nighttime temperature is 12-15℃, and the humidity is 80-85%. After germination in 20-25 days, the plants are transplanted into nutrient pots for temporary planting for 2 months.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation for rapid seed propagation in step S3 is as follows: Harvest mature blue-black berries in August and rinse them with clean water to remove the pulp; soak the seeds in a 500 mg / L gibberellin solution for 24 hours to break dormancy, followed by variable-temperature stratification: stratification stages are performed sequentially at 20℃ for 2 months, 4℃ for 3 months, and 10℃ for 1 month, turning the seeds every 15 days and maintaining humidity at 60-70%; in March of the following year, sow the stratified seeds on a sterilized fine sand bed with a sand layer thickness of 2 cm and a soil covering thickness of 1 cm, covering with straw to retain moisture; harden off the seedlings by providing 4000 lux light intensity and 20-25℃ for the first 2 months, and 2000 lux light intensity and 10-15℃ for the next 2 months; when the seedlings grow to a height of 10 cm and a stem diameter of 0.3 cm or more, they are graded and transplanted. The specific operation of rapid tissue culture propagation in step S3 is as follows: the explants are disinfected by soaking in 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, rinsing with sterile water 3 times, soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 8 minutes, and rinsing with sterile water 5 times; after disinfection, they are pretreated at low temperature at 4°C for 7 days, and then transferred to modified MS medium for culture. The callus induction medium consisted of MS medium, 30 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L agar, 1.0 mg / L 2,4-D, and 0.5 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine, and was cultured in the dark at 25°C for 30 days. The bud differentiation medium consisted of MS medium, 30 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L agar, 1.0 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine, and 0.1 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid, and was cultured for 45 days at 25°C, light intensity of 3000 lux, and photoperiod of 12 h / d. The rooting medium consisted of 1 / 2 MS medium, 20 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L agar, and 0.5 mg / L indolebutyric acid, and was cultured for 30 days at 20°C, light intensity of 4000 lux, and photoperiod of 14 h / d. The three-stage hardening process involves hardening seedlings in a greenhouse for 7 days, in a shade shed for 14 days, and in the forest for 30 days, with a transplant survival rate of no less than 80%.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomimetic cultivation substrate formula of the biomimetic soil microecological subsystem mentioned in step S4 is: 35% alpine humus, 25% local sandy loam, 15% decomposed yak manure, 10% perlite, 10% biochar, and 5% Polygonatum-specific compound microbial agent; The Polygonatum-specific compound microbial agent is composed of the following components: Bacillus subtilis with an effective viable count of not less than 2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, and the effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi not less than 500 spores / g, and Bacillus subtilis effective viable count not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g; Apply 20g of inoculant per planting hole at the time of transplanting and mix thoroughly with the soil. During the growing season, apply 10g / m² of inoculant every two months. 2 ; The biomimetic lighting control subsystem described in step S4 uses a combination of an electrically adjustable shading net and an LED full-spectrum supplemental light. The shading net has a shading rate of 30-80%, and the supplemental light has a color temperature of 5000K. It is controlled by a photosensitive sensor and an intelligent controller. The photoperiod control for each season is as follows: no supplemental light is needed when the light intensity is 3000-5000 lux in spring; shading is reduced to 50% when the light intensity is 5000-8000 lux in summer; supplemental light is added to 3000 lux when the light intensity is 2000-4000 lux in autumn; and supplemental light is added to 2000 lux and 4 hours of light per day when the light intensity is 1000-2000 lux in winter. The biomimetic temperature and humidity control subsystem described in step S4 uses a double-layer inflatable membrane covering combined with a ground source heat pump system and a misting spray system to simulate the diurnal temperature range environment on the plateau. The daytime temperature is 15-22℃, the nighttime temperature is 2-10℃, the diurnal temperature range is 10-15℃, and the relative humidity is 60-80%.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific scheme for integrated water and fertilizer management in step S5 is as follows: Base fertilizer: Before planting, apply 3000 kg of well-rotted yak manure, 500 kg of biochar, 50 kg of superphosphate, 20 kg of potassium sulfate and 30 kg of Polygonatum-specific compound microbial agent per mu, and mix them thoroughly with the cultivation substrate. Topdressing should be implemented in the following four stages: During the germination stage, apply 5 kg of urea, 3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 2 kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer per mu, diluted in 1000 kg of water for drip irrigation; during the vegetative growth stage, apply 5 kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer and 3 kg of humic acid fertilizer per mu, diluted in 800 kg of water for drip irrigation; during the root and stem enlargement stage, apply 5 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of seaweed extract fertilizer per mu, diluted in 800 kg of water for drip irrigation; before the yellowing stage, apply 3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, diluted in 500 kg of water for foliar spraying. Foliar fertilization: Spray a foliar fertilizer made of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% borax every 15 days. During the vigorous growth period, spray an additional 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution. Precision irrigation: Maintain soil moisture content at 30-35% during the germination period, and irrigate with 5L / m² every 3 days. 2 During the vegetative growth period, maintain soil moisture content at 35-40%, and irrigate with 8L / m² every 2 days. 2 During the rhizome enlargement period, maintain soil moisture content at 40-45% and irrigate at 10L / m³ per day. 2 Irrigation is stopped during the dry season; irrigation water is collected from rainwater and snowmelt by a rainwater collection and storage system and supplied through a drip irrigation network and a soil moisture sensor intelligent control system.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific plan for the all-biological green prevention and control described in step S6 is as follows: Disease control: Apply 20g of Trichoderma harzianum agent to each planting hole at the time of planting; when black spot and leaf spot occur, spray with Bacillus subtilis suspension with an effective live bacteria count of not less than 1 billion CFU / mL, once every 7 days, for 3 consecutive applications, while controlling the ambient humidity to be below 75%; when anthracnose occurs, spray with 0.5% chitosan solution and apply Polygonatum sibiricum-specific compound microbial agent in combination. Pest control: For grub control, apply 2 kg / mu of Metarhizium anisopliae granules and use black light traps; for cutworm control, apply Beauveria bassiana suspension for root irrigation; for aphid control, release 500 ladybugs / mu and spray with 0.3% matrine solution; for mite control, release Phytosei gargoylesum and cover with 40-mesh insect netting. Physical control: 40-mesh insect-proof nets are set up around the cultivation area, 25 yellow sticky insect boards are hung per mu, one solar insecticidal lamp is set up for every 50 mu, and sesame and sunflowers are planted along the field edges as attractant zones; Overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping: After three years of continuous planting of Polygonatum, rotate with hairy vetch or arrowhead pea green manure for one year, during which time apply Polygonatum-specific compound microbial agent and biochar for soil remediation; The initial processing technology at the place of origin described in step S7 is as follows: After harvesting, the product is cleaned by low-pressure bubble cleaning with a water pressure not exceeding 0.3 MPa and a water temperature of 15-20℃ for no more than 5 minutes; then it undergoes three steaming and three sun-drying treatments: the first steaming is carried out at 100℃ and normal pressure for 2 hours, followed by sun-drying until the moisture content is 50%; the second steaming is carried out at 100℃ and normal pressure for 3 hours, followed by sun-drying until the moisture content is 40%; the third steaming is carried out at 100℃ and normal pressure for 4 hours, followed by sun-drying until the moisture content is 35%; finally, it is slowly dried at a low temperature of 45-50℃ until the moisture content is 12-14%, with a total processing cycle of 15-20 days; Slice grading: Slices are 2-3mm thick and divided into three grades according to the diameter of the rhizome: Special grade not less than 2.5cm, Grade 1 1.5-2.5cm, and Grade 2 less than 1.5cm.

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