Centrifugal atomizer and spraying system with same

Abstract

The utility model discloses a centrifugal atomizer and a spraying system with the centrifugal atomizer, and the centrifugal atomizer comprises a liquid inlet pipe which is provided with at least two liquid inlet channels; the atomizing nozzle is connected to the liquid inlet pipe, the atomizing nozzle comprises at least two atomizing units, the at least two atomizing units are arranged in the extending direction of the liquid inlet pipe, the atomizing units are communicated with the liquid inlet channels in a one-to-one correspondence mode, each atomizing unit is provided with a spraying hole, and the spraying holes are communicated with the liquid inlet pipe in a one-to-one correspondence mode. The spraying holes are formed in the peripheral wall surface of the atomization unit; and the output end of the rotary driving assembly is in driving connection with the atomizing nozzle so as to drive the atomizing nozzle to rotate around the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe. The problem that multiple strands of liquid cannot be fed and sprayed at the same time can be solved, and the requirements of more scenes are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of atomizers, in particular to a centrifugal atomizer and a spray system having the same. Background Art

[0002] The spray system can be divided into a spray drying system and a spray pyrolysis system. In the traditional spray drying system and spray pyrolysis system, the centrifugal atomizer is used to atomize the liquid into droplets and spray them out through centrifugal action. However, the design of the existing centrifugal atomizer is often single, which cannot meet the requirements of two or more streams of metal liquids that react with each other to be mixed and sprayed at the same time. The scope of application is too narrow and cannot meet many experimental scenarios and R&D needs. For example, metal liquid and sodium carbonate / lithium or sodium hydroxide / lithium cannot be mixed together for spraying at the same time, otherwise, the two liquids will react with each other and easily block the spray hole of the centrifugal atomizer, which brings great inconvenience to the spray and process design. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the utility model proposes a centrifugal atomizer and a spray system having the centrifugal atomizer.

[0004] The solution of the utility model to solve the technical problem is:

[0005] A centrifugal atomizer, comprising:

[0006] A liquid inlet pipe, wherein the liquid inlet pipe is provided with at least two liquid inlet channels;

[0007] An atomizing nozzle, the atomizing nozzle is connected to the liquid inlet pipe, the atomizing nozzle comprises at least two atomizing units, at least two of the atomizing units are arranged along the extension direction of the liquid inlet pipe, the atomizing units are connected to the liquid inlet channels in a one-to-one correspondence, each of the atomizing units is respectively provided with a spray hole, and the spray hole is provided on the outer peripheral wall surface of the atomizing unit;

[0008] A rotation drive assembly, wherein the output end of the rotation drive assembly is drivingly connected to the atomizing nozzle to drive the atomizing nozzle to rotate around the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe.

[0009] The utility model has at least the following beneficial effects: liquid enters the atomizing unit of the atomizing nozzle through the liquid inlet pipe, and the rotary drive assembly can drive the atomizing nozzle to rotate, so that the liquid in the atomizing unit is centrifugally atomized to form droplets, and is sprayed out through the spray hole; since the liquid inlet pipe is provided with at least two liquid inlet channels, and each liquid inlet channel is respectively connected to a different atomizing unit, the operator can add at least two different liquids into different liquid inlet channels, and centrifugally atomize the different liquids through different atomizing units; before the liquids are atomized and sprayed out in the form of droplets, the different liquids will not contact each other, thereby preventing the liquids that react with each other from reacting in the centrifugal atomizer and clogging the spray hole, solving the problem that multiple liquids cannot be simultaneously supplied and sprayed, and meeting the needs of more experimental scenarios and research and development.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the rotary drive assembly includes a driving body and a rotating shaft, the liquid inlet pipe is passed through the rotating shaft, the driving body is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft, and the atomizing nozzle is connected to the rotating shaft. The driving body can drive the rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed, and the rotation of the rotating shaft can drive the atomizing nozzle connected thereto to rotate, so that the liquid in each atomizing unit is centrifugally atomized.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the centrifugal atomizer further comprises a shell, the shell is hollow to form a cavity, the driving body is installed in the cavity, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the shell, and the liquid inlet pipe and the atomizing nozzle both extend out of the cavity. The setting of the shell can protect the driving body and other components, and can provide installation space for the rotating shaft, the driving body and other components.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the driving body includes a motor and a transmission gear set, the output end of the motor is drivingly connected to the input end of the transmission gear set, and the rotating shaft is connected to the output end of the transmission gear set. Through the driving action of the motor and the transmission action of the transmission gear set, the rotating shaft can obtain torque, so that the atomizing nozzle can rotate at a high speed to form and spray atomized droplets.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the centrifugal atomizer further comprises a first bearing, the outer ring of the first bearing is connected to the atomizing nozzle, and the inner ring of the first bearing is connected to the liquid inlet pipe. Due to the provision of the first bearing, the friction between the liquid inlet pipe and the atomizing nozzle is reduced, and the liquid inlet pipe is prevented from rotating and affecting the liquid adding operation.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the centrifugal atomizer further includes a second bearing, the outer ring of the second bearing is connected to the housing, and the inner ring of the second bearing is connected to the rotating shaft. The second bearing is provided to reduce the friction between the housing and the rotating shaft, so that the rotating shaft rotates more smoothly relative to the housing.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the plurality of liquid inlet channels are evenly distributed around the circumference of the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe. Such an arrangement is more conducive to the production and processing of the liquid inlet pipe.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, each atomizing unit is provided with a plurality of spray holes, and the spray holes on the same atomizing unit are evenly arranged on the outer peripheral wall surface of the atomizing unit around the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe. Such an arrangement enables the atomized droplets to be evenly sprayed to the outer periphery of the atomizing unit, and the atomized droplets are quickly scattered and mixed.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the rotating shaft is hollowed to form a hollow structure, the liquid inlet pipe is arranged in the hollow structure, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the liquid inlet pipe and the inner wall of the hollow structure. This arrangement can reduce the weight of the rotating shaft, thereby reducing the load of the driving body and reducing energy consumption.

[0018] An atomization system includes a centrifugal atomizer as described in any one of the above technical solutions. Since the spray system includes the centrifugal atomizer in any one of the above technical solutions, it can solve the problem that multiple streams of liquid cannot be sprayed at the same time and meet the needs of more scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model, the following is a brief description of the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described are only part of the embodiments of the present utility model, not all of the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other design solutions and drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the centrifugal atomizer of the embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the centrifugal atomizer of the embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of part A.

[0023] Figure numerals: 100, liquid inlet pipe; 110, first liquid inlet channel; 120, second liquid inlet channel; 130, first bearing; 200, atomizing nozzle; 210, first atomizing unit; 211, first spray hole; 220, second atomizing unit; 221, second spray hole; 300, rotary drive assembly; 400, rotating shaft; 500, motor; 600, driving gear; 700, driven gear; 800, housing; 900, second bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, descriptions of orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present utility model, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0028] Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the utility model. The various technical features in the utility model can be combined interchangeably without conflicting with each other.

[0029] Reference Figures 1 to 3The embodiment of the utility model proposes a centrifugal atomizer, including a liquid inlet pipe 100, an atomizing nozzle 200 and a rotary drive assembly 300. The atomizing nozzle 200 is provided with at least two atomizing units, wherein the liquid inlet pipe 100 can guide at least two different liquids to reach different atomizing units. Through the driving action of the rotary drive assembly 300, the atomizing nozzle 200 rotates, so that different liquids are centrifugally atomized and sprayed out in different atomizing units respectively, which solves the problem that multiple liquids cannot be sprayed at the same time and meets the needs of more scenarios.

[0030] Specifically, the liquid inlet pipe 100 is extended in the up-down direction and connected to the atomizing nozzle 200. The atomizing nozzle 200 includes at least two atomizing units, and the at least two atomizing units are arranged up and down along the extension direction of the liquid inlet pipe 100. The liquid inlet pipe 100 is provided with at least two liquid inlet channels, and the upper end of each liquid inlet channel is opened. Moreover, the liquid inlet channels are isolated from each other, and the liquid inlet channels are connected to the atomizing units one by one. Different liquids can be guided to different atomizing units of the atomizing nozzle 200 through different liquid inlet channels.

[0031] Each atomizing unit is provided with a spray hole, and the spray hole is located on the outer peripheral wall of the atomizing unit. The output end of the rotating drive assembly 300 is drivingly connected to the atomizing nozzle 200. Under the driving action of the rotating drive assembly 300, the atomizing nozzle 200 can rotate around the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe 100. During the rotation process, the atomizing unit can centrifugally atomize the corresponding liquid, and the atomized liquid is sprayed out through the spray hole on the atomizing unit.

[0032] It is understandable that the number of liquid inlet channels and atomizing units can be set according to the specific number of liquids to be mixed. In the present embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 100 is provided with two liquid inlet channels, the two liquid inlet channels are respectively a first liquid inlet channel 110 and a second liquid inlet channel 120, and two atomizing units are correspondingly provided, the two atomizing units are respectively a first atomizing unit 210 and a second atomizing unit 220, the first atomizing unit 210 is arranged above the second atomizing unit 220, the injection hole on the first atomizing unit 210 is a first injection hole 211, and the injection hole on the second atomizing unit 220 is a second injection hole 221, and the two atomizing units can centrifugally atomize two different liquids.

[0033] In this embodiment, the rotation drive assembly 300 includes a driving body and a rotating shaft 400, and the driving body is used to provide a rotation drive source. The output end of the driving body is connected to the rotating shaft 400 to drive the rotating shaft 400 to rotate around its own central axis. The liquid inlet pipe 100 is passed through the rotating shaft 400 and is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 400. The atomizing nozzle 200 is connected to the rotating shaft 400 and is specifically installed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 400. When the rotating shaft 400 rotates, the atomizing nozzle 200 will also rotate accordingly.

[0034] In some embodiments, the centrifugal atomizer further comprises a housing 800, which is hollow and forms a cavity for mounting a driving body. The driving body is mounted in the cavity, the rotating shaft 400 is rotatably connected to the housing 800, and the liquid inlet pipe 100 and the atomizing nozzle 200 both extend out of the cavity. It is understandable that the housing 800 provides a mounting position for the driving body and also provides support for the rotating shaft 400.

[0035] Specifically, the housing 800 is provided with mounting holes penetrating the upper surface and the lower surface, the rotating shaft 400 is rotatably connected to the wall of the mounting hole of the housing 800, the rotating shaft 400 extends downward from the bottom of the mounting hole, the atomizing nozzle 200 extends out of the cavity and is located below the housing 800, and the liquid atomized by the atomizing nozzle 200 is sprayed in the space below the housing 800. The liquid inlet pipe 100 is provided through the rotating shaft 400 and extends upward to the top of the mounting hole, so that the operator can add liquid.

[0036] It is understandable that the setting of the housing 800 provides support for other structures of the centrifugal atomizer and can protect components such as the driving body. The outer wall of the housing 800 can be removed to expose the cavity and facilitate the operator to repair and replace the components in the cavity.

[0037] In this embodiment, the driving body includes a motor 500 and a transmission gear set. The output end of the motor 500 is drivingly connected to the input end of the transmission gear set, and the rotating shaft 400 is connected to the output end of the transmission gear set.

[0038] Specifically, the output shaft of the motor 500 is extended in the up-down direction and is drivingly connected to the driving gear 600 of the transmission gear set (i.e., the input end of the transmission gear set), and the terminal driven gear 700 of the transmission gear set (i.e., the output end of the transmission gear set) is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 400.

[0039] It is understandable that the transmission gear set may include one or more driven gears 700, and the power is transmitted through the driven gears 700 of the transmission gear set and finally reaches the rotating shaft 400, thereby allowing the rotating shaft 400 to rotate around its own central axis.

[0040] It is understandable that the rotation direction of the atomizing nozzle 200 can be controlled by the rotation direction of the motor 500 or the number of driven gears 700 of the transmission gear set, and it can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0041] In some embodiments, the liquid inlet pipe 100 is fixed to the rotating shaft 400, and when the rotating shaft 400 rotates, the liquid inlet pipe 100 also rotates, that is, the liquid inlet pipe 100 rotates together with the atomizing nozzle 200. This embodiment requires that the liquid adding operation can be performed when the driving body is stopped, that is, when the atomizing nozzle 200 does not rotate.

[0042] In the present embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 100 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 400. When the rotating shaft 400 rotates, the liquid inlet pipe 100 does not rotate therewith. Therefore, when the atomizing nozzle 200 rotates and during the atomization process, the operator can add liquid to the liquid inlet pipe 100 without having to stop the machine first. This is more convenient and has a higher atomization efficiency.

[0043] In this embodiment, the centrifugal atomizer is provided with a first bearing 130, which is arranged between the atomizing nozzle 200 and the liquid inlet pipe 100. Specifically, the inner ring of the first bearing 130 is connected to the outer wall surface of the liquid inlet pipe 100, and the outer ring of the first bearing 130 is connected to the atomizing nozzle 200.

[0044] It can be understood that, with such a configuration, when the atomizing nozzle 200 rotates, the liquid inlet pipe 100 does not rotate with the atomizing nozzle 200, which is beneficial for the operator to perform liquid adding operations. Moreover, the first bearing 130 can reduce the friction between the liquid inlet pipe 100 and the atomizing nozzle 200, making the relative movement between the liquid inlet pipe 100 and the atomizing nozzle 200 smoother and maintaining the coaxial setting between the liquid inlet pipe 100 and the atomizing nozzle 200.

[0045] In this embodiment, two first bearings 130 are provided, and the outer rings of the two first bearings 130 are respectively connected to the first atomization unit 210 and the second atomization unit 220 .

[0046] It can be understood that the first atomization unit 210 and the second atomization unit 220 can rotate synchronously or asynchronously, which is not specifically limited here.

[0047] In some embodiments, the centrifugal atomizer further includes a second bearing 900, which is disposed between the rotating shaft 400 and the housing 800, wherein the inner ring of the second bearing 900 is connected to the rotating shaft 400, and the outer ring is connected to the housing 800. The friction between the housing 800 and the rotating shaft 400 can be reduced, thereby making the rotating shaft 400 rotate more smoothly relative to the housing 800.

[0048] It is understandable that the cross-sectional area of ​​each liquid inlet channel may be the same or different, and the cross-sectional shape of each liquid inlet channel is not specifically limited herein.

[0049] In some embodiments, the plurality of liquid inlet channels are evenly arranged around the central axis of the liquid inlet tube 100. Such an arrangement is more conducive to the production and processing of the liquid inlet tube 100 and is also conducive to controlling the liquid inlet speed.

[0050] In this embodiment, the two liquid inlet channels divide the liquid inlet tube 100 into two symmetrical halves, wherein the outer wall of the first liquid inlet channel 110 is provided with a through hole connected to the first atomization unit 210, and the through hole is located at a lower position of the first liquid inlet channel 110; and the lower end surface of the second liquid inlet channel 120 is opened and connected to the second atomization unit 220 through the opening of the lower end surface.

[0051] In this embodiment, each atomizing unit is provided with a plurality of spray holes, and the spray holes on the same atomizing unit are evenly arranged on the outer peripheral wall surface of the atomizing unit around the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe 100. Such an arrangement enables the atomized liquid to be evenly sprayed to the outer periphery of the atomizing unit, and the atomized liquid droplets are quickly scattered, which is conducive to the uniform mixing of various atomized liquids.

[0052] In some embodiments, the rotating shaft 400 is hollowed to form a hollow structure, the liquid inlet pipe 100 is inserted into the hollow structure, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the liquid inlet pipe 100 and the inner wall of the hollow structure. This arrangement can reduce the weight of the rotating shaft 400, thereby reducing the load of the motor 500 and reducing energy consumption.

[0053] On the other hand, the embodiment of the utility model further proposes a spray system, which includes the centrifugal atomizer proposed in any one of the above embodiments. Since the spray system has the centrifugal atomizer in any one of the above embodiments, it can solve the problem that multiple liquids cannot be sprayed at the same time, and meet the needs of more scenarios.

[0054] The spray system of this embodiment can be used for spray depyrogenation, spray drying, etc., which are not specifically limited here. The spray system can be used in the preparation, coating, doping and modification of sodium ion positive electrode materials and lithium ion positive electrode materials, and is suitable for battery materials, medicine, biology, chemical industry, semiconductors and other fields.

[0055] For example, the spray system of this embodiment is used for spray pyrolysis, and sodium carbonate and molten metal can be efficiently and quickly fed into the liquid at the same time for spray pyrolysis. Specifically, the liquid inlet channel connected to one atomizing unit feeds the molten metal, and the liquid inlet channel connected to the other atomizing unit feeds sodium carbonate. Since the two liquids do not contact each other during the liquid feeding process, no precipitation reaction of carbonate and metal ions occurs between the sodium carbonate and the molten metal.

[0056] It is understandable that the traditional production process of positive electrode materials includes precipitation, washing, drying, screening, calcination and other processes, which have the disadvantages of complicated processes, high cost, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and uneven mixing. By using the spray system of this embodiment, it is possible to break the traditional production process of positive electrode materials, directly atomize and pyrolyze the metal liquid and sodium carbonate separately, and obtain the positive electrode material by a one-step method, which has the advantages of high efficiency, convenience, and cost reduction.

[0057] Take the atomization and mixing of molten metal and sodium carbonate solution as an example. During the working process, the operator adds molten metal and sodium carbonate solution to the two liquid inlet channels of the liquid inlet pipe 100, respectively, wherein the molten metal flows downward along the first liquid inlet channel 110 to the first atomization unit 210, and the sodium carbonate solution flows downward along the second liquid inlet channel 120 to the second atomization unit 220. The operator starts the motor 500, and the power of the motor 500 is transmitted to the rotating shaft 400 through the driving gear 600 and the driven gear 700. The rotating shaft 400 rotates around its own central axis and drives the atomizing nozzle 200 connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 400 to rotate. The first atomization unit 210 centrifugally atomizes the molten metal, and the atomized molten metal in the form of droplets is sprayed out through the first spray hole 211. The second atomization unit 220 centrifugally atomizes the sodium carbonate solution, and the atomized sodium carbonate solution in the form of droplets is sprayed out through the second spray hole 221. The atomized molten metal and the atomized sodium carbonate solution are evenly mixed.

[0058] Since the two liquids that can react with each other will not contact each other before being atomized and sprayed out, it can avoid the situation where the metal liquid and sodium carbonate solution react in the centrifugal atomizer and block the injection hole, solving the problem that multiple liquids cannot be sprayed at the same time, and meeting the needs of more experimental scenarios and research and development.

[0059] The preferred implementation modes of the present invention are specifically described above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A centrifugal atomizer, characterized in that: include: A liquid inlet pipe (100), wherein the liquid inlet pipe (100) is provided with at least two liquid inlet channels; An atomizing nozzle (200), the atomizing nozzle (200) being connected to the liquid inlet pipe (100), the atomizing nozzle (200) comprising at least two atomizing units, the at least two atomizing units being arranged along the extension direction of the liquid inlet pipe (100), the atomizing units being connected to the liquid inlet channels in a one-to-one correspondence, each of the atomizing units being respectively provided with a spray hole, the spray hole being provided on the outer peripheral wall surface of the atomizing unit; A rotation drive component (300), wherein an output end of the rotation drive component (300) is drivingly connected to the atomizing nozzle (200) so as to drive the atomizing nozzle (200) to rotate around the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe (100).

2. The centrifugal atomizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary drive assembly (300) comprises a driving body and a rotating shaft (400), the liquid inlet pipe (100) is passed through the rotating shaft (400), the driving body is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft (400), and the atomizing nozzle (200) is connected to the rotating shaft (400).

3. The centrifugal atomizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The centrifugal atomizer further comprises a shell (800), the shell (800) is hollow to form a cavity, the driving body is installed in the cavity, the rotating shaft (400) is rotatably connected to the shell (800), and the liquid inlet pipe (100) and the atomizing nozzle (200) both extend out of the cavity.

4. The centrifugal atomizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving body comprises a motor (500) and a transmission gear set, the output end of the motor (500) is drivingly connected to the input end of the transmission gear set, and the rotating shaft (400) is connected to the output end of the transmission gear set.

5. The centrifugal atomizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal atomizer further comprises a first bearing (130), the outer ring of the first bearing (130) being connected to the atomizing nozzle (200), and the inner ring of the first bearing (130) being connected to the liquid inlet pipe (100).

6. The centrifugal atomizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The centrifugal atomizer further comprises a second bearing (900), the outer ring of the second bearing (900) is connected to the housing (800), and the inner ring of the second bearing (900) is connected to the rotating shaft (400).

7. The centrifugal atomizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of liquid inlet channels are evenly distributed around the circumference of the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe (100).

8. The centrifugal atomizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the atomizing units is respectively provided with a plurality of the spray holes, and the spray holes located on the same atomizing unit are evenly arranged on the outer peripheral wall surface of the atomizing unit around the circumference of the central axis of the liquid inlet pipe (100).

9. The centrifugal atomizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (400) is hollow to form a hollow structure, the liquid inlet pipe (100) is inserted into the hollow structure, and a gap is provided between the outer wall surface of the liquid inlet pipe (100) and the inner wall surface of the hollow structure.

10. A spray system, characterized in that: Comprising a centrifugal atomizer as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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