Fuel cell system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system, the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank and the circulating heat conduction oil tank form a circulating loop; the output end of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank can selectively convey hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tank or convey hydrogen to the anode input end of the galvanic pile and the input end of the combustor; the hydrogen storage tank can selectively convey hydrogen to the input end of the combustor; one part of gas output by the anode output end of the galvanic pile is conveyed to the input end of the combustor, and the rest part is conveyed to the anode input end of the galvanic pile; combustion tail gas of the combustor can heat air conveyed to the cathode of the electric pile by the air supply assembly, hydrogen conveyed to the anode input end of the electric pile by the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank and heat conduction oil in the circulation loop. On the basis of avoiding energy consumption caused by independently arranging a heater in the prior art, stable hydrogen production of the solid magnesium-based raw material can be ensured, so that the fuel cell system is good in operation stability and high in fuel utilization rate in the whole operation stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] There are three main ways to store hydrogen: gaseous storage, liquid storage, and solid storage. Among them, solid storage is generally safe, efficient, and high-density; magnesium hydride is one of the types of hydrogen storage materials, with a hydrogen storage capacity of up to 7.6wt%, making it one of the better hydrogen storage materials. However, the rate of hydrogen release from magnesium hydride by hydrolysis at room temperature is very low, and a certain temperature or a suitable catalyst is required to effectively improve its hydrogen release performance.

[0003] The prior art discloses a fuel cell system based on magnesium hydride hydrogen storage fuel, which is a fuel cell system that uses an organic acid solution to react with magnesium hydride fuel to release hydrogen, but the structure of preparing hydrogen in this fuel cell system is complex, and the fuel utilization rate of the system is poor, and the operating stability is poor; the prior art also discloses a thermal management test device based on magnesium hydride fuel cell, which uses a heater, a fuel tank and a heat exchange tube in the magnesium hydride hydrogen storage fuel reactor to form a heating circuit to heat the magnesium hydride hydrogen storage fuel to release hydrogen, but the specific structure associated with the fuel cell system is not disclosed. Therefore, the working performance of the fuel cell system based on magnesium hydride hydrogen storage fuel needs to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a fuel cell system to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell stack, a burner and an air supply assembly, wherein the air supply assembly is used to supply air, and an output end of the air supply assembly, a cathode of the fuel cell stack and an input end of the burner are sequentially connected; the fuel cell system also includes:

[0007] A hydrogen supply assembly, the hydrogen supply assembly comprising a solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank and a circulating heat transfer oil tank, wherein a heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank and the circulating heat transfer oil tank form a circulating loop;

[0008] The output end of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank can selectively deliver hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tank, or, deliver hydrogen to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack and the input end of the burner; the hydrogen storage tank can selectively deliver hydrogen to the input end of the burner;

[0009] A portion of the gas output from the anode output end of the stack is delivered to the input end of the burner, and the remaining portion is delivered to the anode input end of the stack;

[0010] The combustion exhaust gas of the burner can heat the air delivered to the cathode of the fuel cell stack by the air supply assembly, the hydrogen delivered to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack by the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank, and the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the hydrogen supply assembly includes a first flow distribution valve, the output end of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank is connected to the input end of the first flow distribution valve, the first output end of the first flow distribution valve is connected to the hydrogen storage tank, and the anode input end of the fuel cell stack and the input end of the burner are respectively connected to the second output end of the first flow distribution valve;

[0012] The output end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to a pipeline connected to the second output end of the first flow distribution valve and the input end of the burner.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the above fuel cell system, a first flow control valve is provided on the pipelines respectively connected to the anode input end of the stack and the input end of the burner with the second output end of the first flow distribution valve.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the fuel cell system also includes a temperature control component, which includes a first heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline connecting the air supply component and the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack, and the heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the burner.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the temperature regulating component also includes a temperature regulating tube, one end of which is connected to the output end of the air supply component, and the other end is connected to the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack; the first heat exchanger is distributed in parallel with the temperature regulating tube.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the above fuel cell system, a second flow control valve is provided on the pipeline connecting the air supply assembly and the first heat exchanger, and on the temperature regulating pipe;

[0017] Or; the temperature control component also includes a second flow distribution valve, the input end of the second flow distribution valve is connected to the output end of the air supply component, the first output end of the second flow distribution valve, the first heat exchanger and the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack are connected in sequence, and the second output end of the second flow distribution valve is connected to the temperature control tube.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the above fuel cell system, the temperature regulating assembly further includes a second heat exchanger, which is arranged on a pipeline connecting the air supply assembly and the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack; the second heat exchanger is distributed in parallel with the temperature regulating tube;

[0019] The anode output end of the fuel cell stack is connected to the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger. Part of the gas output from the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger is delivered to the input end of the burner, and the remaining part is delivered to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the fuel cell system also includes a temperature control component, which includes a third heat exchanger. The third heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline connecting the anode input end of the fuel cell stack and the second output end of the first flow distribution valve, and the gas flow transported from the anode output end of the fuel cell stack to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack is transported to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack through the third heat exchanger; the heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the burner.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the fuel cell system further includes a temperature control component, the temperature control component includes a fourth heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline connecting the output end of the circulating heat transfer oil tank and the input end of the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank, and the heat exchange channel of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the burner.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the fuel cell system further includes a cooling component, which can cool the heat transfer oil transported from the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank to the circulating heat transfer oil tank.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the fuel cell system also includes a gas-water separation component, the input end of the gas-water separation component is connected to the anode output end of the fuel cell stack, a part of the gas output from the output end of the gas-water separation component is delivered to the input end of the burner, and the remaining part is delivered to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned fuel cell system, the fuel cell system also includes a heat recovery component, which can recover residual heat in the combustion exhaust gas of the burner, and can recover the heat of the heat transfer oil transported to the circulating heat transfer oil tank by the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0026] The utility model provides a fuel cell system, which includes a stack, a burner, an air supply assembly and a hydrogen supply assembly. When the fuel cell system is in the startup stage, the air supply assembly supplies air, the air flows through the cathode of the stack and is delivered to the burner, hydrogen is supplied to the burner through a hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen and air are burned in the burner, the combustion exhaust gas of the burner heats the air delivered to the cathode of the stack by the air supply assembly, so that the stack can be preheated, and the combustion exhaust gas of the burner heats the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop, and the solid magnesium-based raw material in the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank is heated by the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop.

[0027] When the fuel cell stack is preheated to the set standby operating temperature and the solid magnesium-based raw material is heated to the set temperature for the decomposition reaction, the hydrogen storage tank is stopped from supplying hydrogen, and the hydrogen produced by the solid magnesium-based raw material is supplied to the anode input terminal and the burner of the fuel cell stack respectively to ensure a reducing atmosphere at high temperature for the fuel cell stack and to allow the fuel cell stack to continue to heat up to the set power generation temperature. At this time, the fuel cell system enters the steady-state operation stage.

[0028] When the fuel cell system is in the steady-state operation stage, part of the anode exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical reaction of the stack is delivered to the burner to provide heat for the steady-state operation of the system, and the remaining part is mixed with fresh hydrogen and delivered to the anode input end of the stack to improve fuel utilization.

[0029] When the fuel cell system is in the shutdown stage or the hot standby stage, if the operating temperature of the stack is greater than the set operating temperature, the anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas of the stack are kept flowing into the burner, and the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop is heated by the combustion exhaust gas of the burner, so that the solid magnesium-based raw material continues to produce hydrogen. However, at this time, the system only needs a small amount of hydrogen to maintain the reducing atmosphere of the stack and the combustion of the burner, so a part of the hydrogen produced by the solid magnesium-based raw material is transported to the anode of the stack, and the remaining part is transported to the hydrogen storage tank for storage; if the operating temperature of the stack is less than or equal to the set operating temperature, the burner is controlled to stop working, and the supply of hydrogen to the anode of the stack is stopped, and all the hydrogen produced by the solid magnesium-based raw material is transported to the hydrogen storage tank for storage for next use, and the air supply component is kept to continue to transport air to cool the stack.

[0030] Such an arrangement ensures that when solid magnesium-based raw materials are used as a hydrogen supply source, the solid magnesium-based raw materials can stably produce hydrogen on the basis of avoiding the energy consumption caused by separately setting up a heater in the prior art, and the fuel cell system has good operating stability and high fuel utilization rate during the entire operating stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The principle of the fuel cell system provided by the specific embodiment of the utility model is Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 2 The principle of the fuel cell system provided by the specific embodiment of the utility model is Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 3 The principle of the fuel cell system provided by the specific embodiment of the utility model is Figure 3 .

[0034] In the figure:

[0035] 1. Battery stack;

[0036] 2. Burner;

[0037] 3. Air supply components;

[0038] 41. Solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank; 42. Hydrogen storage tank; 43. Circulating thermal oil tank; 44. First flow distribution valve; 45. First flow control valve;

[0039] 51. first heat exchanger; 52. temperature regulating tube; 53. second flow control valve; 54. second heat exchanger; 55. third heat exchanger; 56. fourth heat exchanger; 57. fifth heat exchanger;

[0040] 6. Cooling fan;

[0041] 71. Gas-water separator; 72. Third flow control valve; 73. Switch valve;

[0042] 8. The third flow distribution valve;

[0043] 91. Sixth heat exchanger; 92. Seventh heat exchanger; 93. Eighth heat exchanger;

[0044] 10. Mixer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0048] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., are based on the directions or positions shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplified operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0049] The utility model provides a fuel cell system. Figure 1-3 As shown, the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack 1, a burner 2, an air supply assembly 3 and a hydrogen supply assembly, the air supply assembly 3 is used to supply air, the output end of the air supply assembly 3, the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 and the input end of the burner 2 are connected in sequence; the hydrogen supply assembly includes a solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41, a hydrogen storage tank 42 and a circulating heat transfer oil tank 43, the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 and the circulating heat transfer oil tank 43 form a circulation loop; the output end of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 can selectively supply the hydrogen storage tank 42 transports hydrogen, or transports hydrogen to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack 1 and the input end of the burner 2; the hydrogen storage tank 42 can selectively transport hydrogen to the input end of the burner 2; a part of the gas output from the anode output end of the fuel cell stack 1 is transported to the input end of the burner 2, and the remaining part is transported to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack 1; the combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2 can heat the air supplied by the air supply component 3 to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1, the hydrogen supplied by the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack 1, and the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop.

[0050] When the fuel cell system is in the startup stage, the air supply assembly supplies air, the air flows through the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 and is transported to the burner 2, hydrogen is supplied to the burner 2 through the hydrogen storage tank 42, the hydrogen and air are burned in the burner 2, and the combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2 heats the air transported to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 by the air supply assembly 3, so as to preheat the fuel cell stack 1, and the combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2 heats the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop, and the solid magnesium-based raw material in the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 is heated by the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop.

[0051] When the fuel cell stack 1 is preheated to the set standby operating temperature and the solid magnesium-based raw material is heated to the set temperature for the decomposition reaction, the hydrogen storage tank 42 stops supplying hydrogen, and the hydrogen generated by the solid magnesium-based raw material is supplied to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack 1 and the burner 2 respectively to ensure a reducing atmosphere for the fuel cell stack 1 at high temperature and to allow the fuel cell stack 1 to continue to heat up to the set power generation temperature. At this time, the fuel cell system enters a steady-state operation stage.

[0052] When the fuel cell system is in the steady-state operation stage, part of the anode tail gas generated by the electrochemical reaction of the stack 1 is delivered to the burner 2 to provide heat for the steady-state operation of the system, and the remaining part is mixed with fresh hydrogen and delivered to the anode input end of the stack 1 to improve fuel utilization.

[0053] When the fuel cell system is in the shutdown stage or the hot standby stage, if the operating temperature of the stack 1 is greater than the set operating temperature, the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas of the stack 1 continue to be passed into the burner 2, and the combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2 heats the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop, so that the solid magnesium-based raw material continues to produce hydrogen. However, at this time, the system only needs a small amount of hydrogen to maintain the reducing atmosphere of the stack 1 and the combustion of the burner 2, so a part of the hydrogen produced by the solid magnesium-based raw material is transported to the anode of the stack 1, and the remaining part is transported to the hydrogen storage tank 42 for storage; if the operating temperature of the stack 1 is less than or equal to the set operating temperature, the burner 2 is controlled to stop working, and the supply of hydrogen to the anode of the stack 1 is stopped, and all the hydrogen produced by the solid magnesium-based raw material is transported to the hydrogen storage tank 42 for storage for next use, and the air supply component 3 is kept to continue to transport air to cool the stack 1.

[0054] Such an arrangement ensures that when solid magnesium-based raw materials are used as a hydrogen supply source, the solid magnesium-based raw materials can stably produce hydrogen on the basis of avoiding the energy consumption caused by separately setting up a heater in the prior art, and the fuel cell system has good operating stability and high fuel utilization rate during the entire operating stage.

[0055] Among them, since water and solid magnesium-based raw materials can react chemically at a certain temperature to generate magnesium hydroxide, heat transfer oil is used in a circulation loop to exchange heat with the solid magnesium-based raw materials. The phenomenon of failure of the solid magnesium-based raw materials due to water leakage into the solid magnesium-based raw materials can be avoided. Specifically, water and solid magnesium-based raw materials will generate magnesium hydroxide at a certain temperature, causing the solid magnesium-based raw materials to fail.

[0056] Among them, Figure 1-3 As shown, the hydrogen supply assembly includes a first flow distribution valve 44, the output end of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 is connected to the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44, the first output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 42, the anode input end of the stack 1 and the input end of the burner 2 are respectively connected to the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44; the output end of the hydrogen storage tank 42 is connected to the pipeline connecting the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the input end of the burner 2. This arrangement is to achieve that the output end of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 can selectively deliver hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tank 42, or, to deliver hydrogen to the anode input end of the stack 1 and the input end of the burner 2; the hydrogen storage tank 42 can selectively deliver hydrogen to the input end of the burner 2. Thereby, the stability of the hydrogen supply of the fuel cell system during the entire operation stage can be ensured.

[0057] Specifically, Figure 1-3 As shown, the anode input end of the stack 1 and the input end of the burner 2 are respectively connected to the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 on the pipeline provided with a first flow control valve 45. Specifically, the anode input end of the stack 1 is connected to the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 on the pipeline provided with a first flow control valve 45, and the input end of the burner 2 is connected to the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 on the pipeline provided with a first flow control valve 45. This enables the ratio of hydrogen delivered to the anode input end of the stack 1 and the input end of the burner 2 to be regulated.

[0058] More specifically, if Figure 1-3As shown, when the fuel cell system is in the startup stage, the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 is connected to the first output end of the first flow distribution valve 44, and the two first flow control valves 45 are both in the disconnected state. When the stack 1 is preheated to the set standby operating temperature, and the solid magnesium-based raw material is heated to the set temperature for the decomposition reaction, the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the first output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 are gradually disconnected, the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 are connected, and the two first flow control valves 45 are gradually opened, so that the hydrogen generated by the solid magnesium-based raw material is respectively supplied to the anode input end of the stack 1 and the burner 2. When the fuel cell system is in the shutdown stage or the hot standby stage, if the operating temperature of the stack 1 is greater than the set operating temperature, the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 is connected to the first output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44, the first flow control valve 45 on the pipeline connecting the input end of the burner 2 with the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 is disconnected, and the first flow control valve 45 on the pipeline connecting the anode input end of the stack 1 with the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 is kept in a connected state. When the fuel cell system is in the shutdown stage or the hot standby stage, if the operating temperature of the stack 1 is less than or equal to the set operating temperature, the two first flow control valves 45 are disconnected, and the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 is connected to the first output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 to recover hydrogen.

[0059] The first flow distribution valve 44 is preferably an electric flow distribution valve. The first flow control valve 45 is preferably an electric flow control valve.

[0060] Among them, Figure 1-3 As shown, the fuel cell system further includes a temperature regulating component, which includes a first heat exchanger 51, which is arranged on a pipeline connecting the air supply component 3 and the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack 1, and a heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 51 is connected to the output end of the burner 2. The combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2 heats the air transported from the air supply component 3 to the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0061] Specifically, Figure 1-3 As shown, the thermostat assembly further includes a thermostat tube 52, one end of which is connected to the output end of the air supply assembly 3, and the other end is connected to the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack 1; the first heat exchanger 51 is distributed in parallel with the thermostat tube 52. The air output from the first heat exchanger 51 and the air output from the thermostat tube 52 are mixed and transported to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1, so that the temperature of the air can be effectively adjusted to reach the expected temperature.

[0062] More specifically, if Figure 1-3As shown, a second flow control valve 53 is provided on the pipeline connecting the air supply component 3 and the first heat exchanger 51, and on the thermostat 52. With such a configuration, the proportion of hot air and cold air can be adjusted so that the temperature of the air can be effectively adjusted to the expected temperature. As an alternative, the thermostat component also includes a second flow distribution valve, the input end of the second flow distribution valve is connected to the output end of the air supply component 3, the first output end of the second flow distribution valve, the first heat exchanger 51 and the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack 1 are connected in sequence, and the second output end of the second flow distribution valve is connected to the thermostat 52. The proportion of hot air and cold air can also be adjusted so that the temperature of the air can be effectively adjusted to the expected temperature.

[0063] Preferably, the second flow distribution valve is an electric flow distribution valve. Preferably, the second flow control valve 53 is an electric flow control valve.

[0064] In this embodiment, Figure 1-3 As shown, the second flow control valve 53 is exemplarily provided on the pipeline connecting the air supply component 3 and the first heat exchanger 51, and on the temperature regulating pipe 52. It can be understood that the second flow control valve 53 on the pipeline connecting the air supply component 3 and the first heat exchanger 51 is distributed upstream of the first heat exchanger 51. The accuracy of adjusting the proportion of hot air and cold air can be guaranteed.

[0065] Alternatively, if Figure 2-3 As shown, the fuel cell system further includes a mixer 10, which is used to mix the air output from the thermostat 52 and the air output from the first heat exchanger 51, and deliver them to the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack 1. The temperature uniformity of the air delivered to the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack 1 can be improved, thereby further improving the working performance of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0066] Specifically, Figure 1-3 As shown, the temperature regulating assembly also includes a second heat exchanger 54, which is arranged on the pipeline connecting the air supply assembly 3 and the cathode input end of the stack 1; the second heat exchanger 54 is distributed in parallel with the temperature regulating tube 52; the anode output end of the stack 1 is connected to the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 54, and part of the gas output from the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 54 is delivered to the input end of the burner 2, and the remaining part is delivered to the anode input end of the stack 1. With this arrangement, the air delivered to the cathode input end of the stack 1 by the air supply assembly 3 can be further heated to improve the heat utilization rate of the anode tail gas.

[0067] Preferably, if Figure 1-3 As shown, the second heat exchanger 54 is distributed downstream of the second flow control valve 53 on the pipeline connecting the air supply component 3 and the first heat exchanger 51. This arrangement is arranged to further ensure the accuracy of adjusting the proportion of hot air and cold air. In this embodiment, the exemplary arrangement is as follows: Figure 1-3As shown, the second heat exchanger 54 is distributed downstream of the second flow control valve 53 on the pipeline connecting the air supply assembly 3 and the first heat exchanger 51 , and is distributed upstream of the first heat exchanger 51 .

[0068] Among them, Figure 1-3 As shown, the temperature regulating assembly also includes a third heat exchanger 55, which is arranged on the pipeline connecting the anode input end of the stack 1 and the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44, and the gas flow from the anode output end of the stack 1 to the anode input end of the stack 1 is transported to the anode input end of the stack 1 through the third heat exchanger 55; the heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 55 is connected to the output end of the burner 2. In this way, the combustion tail gas of the burner 2 can heat the hydrogen transported from the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 to the anode input end of the stack 1, and can heat the gas transported from the anode output end of the stack 1 to the anode input end of the stack 1. So that the temperature of the gas transported to the anode input end of the stack 1 can be effectively adjusted to reach the expected temperature.

[0069] Among them, Figure 1-3 As shown, the temperature control assembly further includes a fourth heat exchanger 56, which is disposed on a pipeline connecting the output end of the circulating heat transfer oil tank 43 and the input end of the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41, and the heat exchange channel of the fourth heat exchanger 56 is connected to the output end of the burner 2. This arrangement enables the combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2 to heat the heat transfer oil in the circulating loop.

[0070] Preferably, if Figure 1-3 As shown, the output end of the burner 2, the heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 51, the heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger 55 and the heat exchange channel of the fourth heat exchanger 56 are connected in sequence to achieve step-by-step heating of air, hydrogen and heat transfer oil.

[0071] Optionally, the temperature control component further includes a fifth heat exchanger 57, which is arranged on a pipeline connecting the output end of the circulating heat-conducting oil tank 43 and the input end of the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41; the anode output end of the stack 1, the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 54, and the heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 57 are connected in sequence, and part of the gas output from the heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 57 is delivered to the input end of the burner 2, and the remaining part is delivered to the anode input end of the stack 1. Such an arrangement can further improve the heat utilization rate of the anode tail gas and can further improve the hydrogen production stability of the solid magnesium-based raw material.

[0072] The fuel cell system further includes a cooling component, which can cool the heat transfer oil transported from the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 to the circulating heat transfer oil tank 43. It can be understood that the heat transfer oil output from the output end of the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 is first cooled and then heated, so that the solid magnesium-based raw material can be heated at a relatively constant temperature, thereby improving the hydrogen production stability of the solid magnesium-based raw material, thereby further improving the working stability of the fuel cell system in the entire operation stage.

[0073] Alternatively, if Figure 1-2 As shown, the cooling component includes a cooling fan 6, which is distributed at intervals outside the pipeline connecting the output end of the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 and the input end of the circulating heat transfer oil tank 43. This enables the heat transfer oil transported from the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 to the circulating heat transfer oil tank 43 to be cooled by blowing air.

[0074] The fuel cell system further includes a gas-water separation component, the input end of which is connected to the anode output end of the stack 1, and part of the gas output from the output end of the gas-water separation component is delivered to the input end of the burner 2, and the remaining part is delivered to the anode input end of the stack 1. This arrangement can separate the water in the anode tail gas of the stack 1, thereby improving the combustion performance of the anode tail gas delivered to the burner 2, and improving the working performance of the electrochemical reaction of the anode tail gas refluxed to the anode input end of the stack 1.

[0075] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the gas-water separation component includes a gas-water separator 71, the anode output end of the fuel cell stack 1, the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 54, the heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 57 and the input end of the gas-water separator 71 are connected in sequence, the output end of the gas-water separator 71 is connected to the input end of the burner 2, and the output end of the gas-water separator 71, the third heat exchanger 55 and the anode input end of the fuel cell stack 1 are connected in sequence.

[0076] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the fuel cell system further includes a third flow distribution valve 8, the input end of the third flow distribution valve 8 is connected to the output end of the gas-water separator 71, the first output end of the third flow distribution valve 8 is connected to the input end of the burner 2, and the second output end of the third flow distribution valve 8, the third heat exchanger 55 and the anode input end of the stack 1 are connected in sequence. This allows the ratio of the anode tail gas of the stack 1 to be delivered to the burner 2 and the anode input end of the stack 1 to be regulated. Preferably, the third flow distribution valve 8 is an electric flow distribution valve.

[0077] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the gas-water separation assembly further includes a third flow control valve 72, which is disposed on a pipeline connecting the heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 57 and the input end of the gas-water separator 71. Preferably, the third flow control valve 72 is an electric flow control valve.

[0078] More specifically, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drain outlet of the gas-water divider is provided with a switch valve 73. Preferably, the switch valve 73 is an electric switch valve.

[0079] The fuel cell system further includes a heat recovery component, which can recover the residual heat in the combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2, and can recover the heat of the heat transfer oil transported to the circulating heat transfer oil tank 43 by the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41. The heat recovery component can also recover the heat of the fluid transported to the gas-water separator 71 by the heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 57. This can further improve the heat utilization rate of the fuel cell system.

[0080] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the heat recovery component includes a sixth heat exchanger 91, which is arranged on a pipeline connecting the heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 57 and the input end of the gas-water separator 71. The heat exchange channel of the sixth heat exchanger 91 is connected to the cold water source. It can not only further condense the water in the anode tail gas output by the heat exchange channel of the fifth heat exchanger 57, but also heat the cold water source to provide heat to the workstation and / or community life system. It can be understood that, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, when the sixth heat exchanger 91 is provided, the cooling fan 6 may be selectively provided, or the cooling fan 6 may not be provided.

[0081] More specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the heat recovery component also includes a seventh heat exchanger 92, which is arranged in a pipeline connecting the output end of the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 and the input end of the circulating heat transfer oil tank 43. The heat exchange channel of the seventh heat exchanger 92 is connected to the cold water source. It can not only cool down the heat transfer oil transported from the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 to the circulating heat transfer oil tank 43, but also heat the cold water source to provide heat to the workstation and / or community life system.

[0082] More specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the heat recovery component further includes an eighth heat exchanger 93, the eighth heat exchanger 93 is connected to the cold water source, and the output end of the heat exchange channel of the fourth heat exchanger 56 is connected to the heat exchange channel of the eighth heat exchanger 93. The effect of heating the cold water source can be further improved, thereby improving the effect of heating the workstation and / or community life system, and further improving the heat utilization rate of the combustion exhaust gas.

[0083] The air supply assembly 3 at least includes a fan, which delivers air. The specific structure of the air supply assembly 3 belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0084] by Figure 1 For example, the working process of the fuel cell system is as follows:

[0085] The two first flow control valves 45 are respectively a first sub-flow control valve and a second sub-flow control valve. The first sub-flow control valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the anode input end of the fuel cell stack 1, and the second sub-flow control valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the input end of the burner 2.

[0086] The two second flow control valves 53 are respectively a third sub-flow control valve and a fourth sub-flow control valve. The third sub-flow control valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the air supply component 3 and the second heat exchanger 54 , and the fourth sub-flow control valve is arranged on the temperature regulating pipe 52 .

[0087] When the fuel cell system is in the startup stage, the air supplied by the air supply assembly flows through the third sub-flow control valve, the second heat exchanger 54, the first heat exchanger 51 and the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 in sequence and is delivered to the burner 2, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 42 flows through the second sub-flow control valve and is delivered to the burner 2, the air flows through the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 and is delivered to the burner 2, the combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2 flows through the heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger 51, the heat exchange channel of the third burner 2, and the heat exchange channel of the fourth burner 2 in sequence and is output to preheat the fuel cell stack 1, and the combustion exhaust gas of the burner 2 heats the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop, and the solid magnesium-based raw material in the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank 41 is heated by the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop.

[0088] When the stack 1 is preheated to the set standby operating temperature, and the solid magnesium-based raw material is heated to the set temperature for the decomposition reaction, the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the first output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 are disconnected, the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 are connected, and the two first flow control valves 45 are gradually opened, so that the hydrogen generated by the solid magnesium-based raw material is respectively supplied to the anode input end and the burner 2 of the stack 1 to ensure the reducing atmosphere of the stack 1 at high temperature, and the stack 1 continues to heat up to the set power generation temperature, at which time the fuel cell system enters the steady-state operation stage. Among them, in this embodiment, the standby operating temperature is 400°C as an example.

[0089] When the fuel cell system is in the steady-state operation stage, the temperature of the air delivered to the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack 1 is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the two second flow control valves 53. A part of the anode exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack 1 is delivered to the burner 2 to provide heat for the steady-state operation of the system, and the remaining part is mixed with fresh hydrogen and delivered to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack 1 to improve fuel utilization.

[0090] When the fuel cell system is in the shutdown stage or the hot standby stage, if the operating temperature of the stack 1 is greater than the set operating temperature, the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas of the stack 1 are kept to continue to be passed into the burner 2, and the combustion tail gas of the burner 2 is used to heat the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop, so that the solid magnesium-based raw material continues to generate hydrogen, and the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 is connected with the first output end of the first flow distribution valve 44 and the second output end of the first flow distribution valve 44, the first sub-flow control valve is connected, and the second sub-flow control valve is disconnected, so that part of the hydrogen generated by the solid magnesium-based raw material is delivered to the anode of the stack 1, and the remaining part is delivered to the anode of the stack 1. If the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is less than or equal to the set operating temperature, the burner 2 is controlled to stop working, the input end of the first flow distribution valve 44 is connected to the first output end of the first flow distribution valve 44, the first sub-flow control valve is disconnected, and the second sub-flow control valve is disconnected, so that the hydrogen is stopped from being delivered to the anode of the fuel cell stack 1 and the burner 2, and the hydrogen generated by the solid magnesium-based raw material is fully delivered to the hydrogen storage tank 42 for storage for the next use, and the third sub-flow control valve and / or the fourth sub-flow control valve are kept in a connected state so that the air supply component 3 continues to deliver air to cool the fuel cell stack 1. In this embodiment, the operating temperature is set to 400°C as an example.

[0091] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell stack (1), a burner (2) and an air supply assembly (3), wherein the air supply assembly (3) is used to supply air, and an output end of the air supply assembly (3), a cathode of the fuel cell stack (1) and an input end of the burner (2) are connected in sequence; characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises: A hydrogen supply assembly, the hydrogen supply assembly comprising a solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank (41), a hydrogen storage tank (42) and a circulating heat transfer oil tank (43), wherein a heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank (41) and the circulating heat transfer oil tank (43) form a circulating loop; The output end of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank (41) can selectively transport hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tank (42), or transport hydrogen to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1) and the input end of the burner (2); the hydrogen storage tank (42) can selectively transport hydrogen to the input end of the burner (2); A portion of the gas output from the anode output end of the fuel cell stack (1) is delivered to the input end of the burner (2), and the remaining portion is delivered to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1); The combustion exhaust gas of the burner (2) can heat the air delivered to the cathode of the fuel cell stack (1) by the air supply component (3), the hydrogen delivered to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1) by the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank (41), and the heat transfer oil in the circulation loop.

2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply assembly comprises a first flow distribution valve (44), the output end of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank (41) is connected to the input end of the first flow distribution valve (44), the first output end of the first flow distribution valve (44) is connected to the hydrogen storage tank (42), and the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1) and the input end of the burner (2) are respectively connected to the second output end of the first flow distribution valve (44); The output end of the hydrogen storage tank (42) is connected to a pipeline connecting the second output end of the first flow distribution valve (44) and the input end of the burner (2).

3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first flow control valve (45) is provided on pipelines respectively connecting the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1) and the input end of the burner (2) with the second output end of the first flow distribution valve (44).

4. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a temperature control component, the temperature control component comprising a first heat exchanger (51), the first heat exchanger (51) being arranged on a pipeline connecting the air supply component (3) and the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack (1), and the heat exchange channel of the first heat exchanger (51) being connected to the output end of the burner (2).

5. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature control component also includes a temperature control tube (52), one end of which is connected to the output end of the air supply component (3), and the other end of which is connected to the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack (1); the first heat exchanger (51) and the temperature control tube (52) are distributed in parallel.

6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second flow control valve (53) is provided on the pipeline connecting the air supply component (3) and the first heat exchanger (51), and on the temperature regulating pipe (52); Or; the temperature control component also includes a second flow distribution valve, the input end of the second flow distribution valve is connected to the output end of the air supply component (3), the first output end of the second flow distribution valve, the first heat exchanger (51) and the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack (1) are connected in sequence, and the second output end of the second flow distribution valve is connected to the temperature control tube (52).

7. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature regulating component further comprises a second heat exchanger (54), the second heat exchanger (54) being arranged on a pipeline connecting the air supply component (3) and the cathode input end of the fuel cell stack (1); the second heat exchanger (54) and the temperature regulating tube (52) are arranged in parallel; The anode output end of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger (54); part of the gas output from the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger (54) is delivered to the input end of the burner (2), and the remaining part is delivered to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1).

8. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a temperature control component, the temperature control component comprising a third heat exchanger (55), the third heat exchanger (55) being arranged on a pipeline connecting the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1) and the second output end of the first flow distribution valve (44), and the gas flow transported from the anode output end of the fuel cell stack (1) to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1) is transported to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1) through the third heat exchanger (55); the heat exchange channel of the third heat exchanger (55) is connected to the output end of the burner (2).

9. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a temperature control component, the temperature control component comprising a fourth heat exchanger (56), the fourth heat exchanger (56) being arranged on a pipeline connecting the output end of the circulating heat transfer oil tank (43) and the input end of the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank (41), the heat exchange channel of the fourth heat exchanger (56) being connected to the output end of the burner (2).

10. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a cooling component, which is capable of cooling the heat transfer oil transported from the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank (41) to the circulating heat transfer oil tank (43).

11. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a gas-water separation component, the input end of the gas-water separation component being connected to the anode output end of the fuel cell stack (1), a portion of the gas output from the output end of the gas-water separation component being delivered to the input end of the burner (2), and the remaining portion being delivered to the anode input end of the fuel cell stack (1).

12. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further comprises a heat recovery component, which is capable of recovering residual heat in the combustion exhaust gas of the burner (2) and recovering the heat of the heat transfer oil transported from the heat exchange channel of the solid magnesium-based raw material storage tank (41) to the circulating heat transfer oil tank (43).

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