Telescopic billiard cue

By designing the fixed and movable sections of the telescopic billiard club, using elastic elements to achieve one-handed operation of the ball, solving the problem that people with imperfect arms cannot participate in the billiards, and enhancing the sense of participation of people with disabilities.

CN223042113UActive Publication Date: 2025-07-01ANYANG XIANGYU MEDICAL EQUIP
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202421753871.6
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-07-23
Publication Date
2025-07-01
Estimated Expiration
2034-07-23

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing billiards require both hands to cooperate, which makes it impossible for disabled people with poor arms to experience the fun of billiards.

Method used

A telescopic billiard club is designed, including a fixed section and a movable section. It can be connected by elastic elements and can be hit by one-handed operation, and the compression and release of elastic elements are used to achieve the hitting action.

Benefits of technology

Billiards can be completed by one-handed operation, adapting to people of different ages and types, and enhancing the participation experience of people with disabilities.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model provides a telescopic billiard cue which comprises a cue body and a telescopic rod. The rod body comprises a first rod body and a second rod body. The telescopic rod is arranged between the first rod body and the second rod body. The telescopic rod comprises a fixed section and a movable section, an elastic element is arranged between the fixed section and the movable section, and the fixed section and the movable section can be relatively fixed. The first rod body is arranged on the movable section, and the second rod body is arranged on the fixed section. According to the telescopic billiard cue disclosed by the utility model, the whole use process does not need to be matched with two hands, and all operations can be completed by a single arm, so that a disabled person with a single arm can use the telescopic billiard cue disclosed by the utility model to do billiard sports and experience the pleasure of billiard.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of billiards, and more particularly to a telescopic billiard cue. Background Art

[0002] Billiards, a sport suitable for all ages, is very popular among the people.

[0003] In the related art, a billiard cue usually requires the cooperation of both hands to exert force in order to hit the billiard ball through the billiard cue to achieve the purpose of hitting the billiard ball. However, due to certain congenital or acquired reasons, disabled people with incomplete arms who love billiards cannot experience the fun of billiards. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] In order to overcome the defects existing in the related art, the utility model provides a telescopic billiard cue.

[0005] The embodiments of the utility model are implemented as follows:

[0006] A telescopic billiard cue includes a cue body and a telescopic rod. The cue body includes a first cue body and a second cue body. The telescopic rod is disposed between the first cue body and the second cue body. The telescopic rod includes a fixed section and a movable section. An elastic element is disposed between the fixed section and the movable section, and the fixed section and the movable section can be relatively fixed. The first cue body is disposed on the movable section, and the second cue body is disposed on the fixed section.

[0007] In some embodiments, exemplarily, a cavity is formed on the fixed section, and the movable section is telescopically installed in the cavity. The elastic element includes a first spring, one end of the first spring abuts against the movable section, and the other end of the first spring away from the movable section abuts against the fixed section.

[0008] In some embodiments, exemplarily, a limiting member is slidably disposed in the cavity, and the limiting member can be relatively fixed to the fixed section. One end of the first spring abuts against the movable section, and the other end of the first spring away from the movable section abuts against the limiting member.

[0009] In some embodiments, exemplarily, the limiting member is configured as a bushing, the bushing is disposed in the cavity, and the movable section is inserted into the bushing. A first connecting member is disposed on the bushing, and a second connecting member is disposed on the fixed section, and the first connecting member can be relatively fixed to the second connecting member.

[0010] In some embodiments, by way of example, the rod body includes a housing, and the telescopic rod is disposed within the housing. The fixed section is fixedly provided with the housing, and the movable section is telescopically disposed within the housing, and the movable section can extend out of the housing in a direction away from the fixed section.

[0011] In some embodiments, by way of example, a stop portion is provided within the housing. A stop step is provided on the movable section, and the stop step is disposed between the fixed section and the stop portion. The stop step can abut against the stop portion to limit the telescopic movement of the movable section.

[0012] In some embodiments, by way of example, a buffer element is provided between the stop portion and the stop step, and the buffer element is fixedly provided on the stop step.

[0013] In some embodiments, by way of example, the elastic element further includes a second spring, and the second spring is disposed between the stop step and the fixed section. One end of the second spring abuts against the stop step, and the end of the second spring away from the stop step abuts against the fixed section.

[0014] In some embodiments, by way of example, a buckle is provided at one end of the movable section facing the fixed section, and a clamping portion is provided at a corresponding position on the housing. The buckle can be fixed within the clamping portion.

[0015] In some embodiments, by way of example, a through groove is formed in the fixed section, and the clamping portion can pass through the through groove and extend into the interior of the fixed section to facilitate the relative fixation of the clamping portion and the buckle.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0017] For the telescopic billiard cue of the present invention, during use, the user presses the first rod body and drives the movable section through the first rod body, causing the movable section to move in a direction close to the fixed section, compressing the elastic element between the movable section and the fixed section. After the first rod body moves to a suitable position, the movable section and the fixed section are relatively fixed, that is, the first rod body and the second rod body are relatively fixed, and the energy storage process is completed. Then, the operator holds the second rod body, aligns the first rod body with the billiard ball to be struck, and controls the movable section and the fixed section to release the relative fixation. The elastic element is released, and with the second rod body, that is, the fixed section remaining stationary, the movable section can drive the first rod body to pop out to complete the striking of the billiard ball.

[0018] For the telescopic billiard cue of the present invention, throughout the entire use process, no two-handed cooperation is required, and all operations can be completed with a single arm, enabling disabled persons with only one arm to also use the telescopic billiard cue of the present invention for billiards and experience the fun of billiards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present utility model, and thus should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of a telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model from one perspective;

[0021] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of a telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model from another perspective;

[0022] Figure 3 For the telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model Figure 2 Partial enlarged view of the position A;

[0023] Figure 4 For the telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model Figure 2 Partial enlarged view of the position B;

[0024] Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of a telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model from yet another perspective;

[0025] Figure 6 For the telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model Figure 5 Partial enlarged view of the position C;

[0026] Figure 7 For the telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model Figure 5 Partial enlarged view of the position D;

[0027] Figure 8 Structural schematic diagram of a fixed section of a telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model from one perspective;

[0028] Figure 9 Structural schematic diagram of a movable section of a telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model from one perspective;

[0029] Figure 10 Structural schematic diagram of a clamping portion of a telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model from one perspective;

[0030] Figure 11 Structural schematic diagram of a limiting member of a telescopic billiard cue according to an embodiment of the present utility model from one perspective.

[0031] ICON:

[0032] 100 - rod body; 110 - first rod body; 120 - second rod body; 200 - outer shell; 210 - clamping portion; 220 - stopping portion; 300 - telescopic rod; 310 - fixed section; 311 - limiting member; 312 - through hole; 313 - cavity; 320 - movable section; 321 - stopping step; 322 - buffer element; 323 - buckle; 400 - elastic element; 410 - first spring; 420 - second spring; Detailed implementation manners

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present utility model. The components of the embodiments of the present utility model described and illustrated herein usually can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present utility model provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present utility model, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0035] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0036] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present utility model is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In addition, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0038] In the description of the present utility model, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "arranged", "installed", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a telescopic billiard cue to solve the problem that disabled people with incomplete arms cannot play billiards in the related art.

[0041] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , a telescopic billiard cue, which includes a rod body 100 and a telescopic rod 300. The rod body 100 includes a first rod body 110 and a second rod body 120. The telescopic rod 300 is arranged between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120. The telescopic rod 300 includes a fixed section 310 and a movable section 320. An elastic element 400 is arranged between the fixed section 310 and the movable section 320, and the fixed section 310 and the movable section 320 can be relatively fixed. The first rod body 110 is arranged on the movable section 320, and the second rod body 120 is arranged on the fixed section 310.

[0042] Specifically, when using the telescopic billiard cue of this embodiment, the user can place the second rod body 120 against the ground or other suitable positions, and then press the first rod body 110 to make the first rod body 110 move towards the second rod body 120. Since the first rod body 110 is arranged on the movable section 320 and the second rod body 120 is arranged on the fixed section 310, the movable section 320 can be driven by the first rod body 110 to move towards the fixed section 310 and compress the elastic element 400 between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310. After the first rod body 110 moves relative to the second rod body 120 to a suitable position, the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120 are relatively fixed, and the energy storage of the telescopic billiard cue of this embodiment is completed.

[0043] After the energy storage is completed, the user holds the second rod body 120, places the first rod body 110 in a suitable position to align the first rod body 110 with the billiard ball to be struck, and then releases the relative fixation between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310. The elastic element 400 is released. The fixed section 310 remains stationary, and the movable section 320 will pop out in the direction away from the fixed section 310 under the action of the elastic element 400 and drive the first rod body 110 to pop out to strike the billiard ball and complete the hitting action.

[0044] The telescopic billiard cue provided in this embodiment does not require the cooperation of both arms during operation, and the operation is simple and convenient. Even people with incomplete disabilities in both arms can use the telescopic billiard cue in this embodiment to play billiards and experience the fun of billiards.

[0045] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a cavity 313 is formed in the fixed section 310, and the movable section 320 is telescopically installed in the cavity 313. The elastic element 400 includes a first spring 410. One end of the first spring 410 abuts against the movable section 320, and the end of the first spring 410 away from the movable section 320 abuts against the fixed section 310. The cavity 313 can ensure the stable and reliable telescopic connection between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310, and restrict the movement trajectory of the movable section 320. The first spring 410 can ensure that the elastic element 400 between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310 can stably complete the functions of energy storage and release, so that this embodiment can be used normally.

[0046] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a limiting member 311 is slidably arranged in the cavity 313, and the limiting member 311 can be relatively fixed to the fixed section 310. One end of the first spring 410 abuts against the movable section 320, and the end of the first spring 410 away from the movable section 320 abuts against the limiting member 311. The limiting member 311 is arranged in the cavity 313, and the first spring 410 is arranged between the movable section 320 and the limiting member 311. In this way, by adjusting the position of the limiting member 311, the magnitude of the elastic force between the fixed section 310 and the movable section 320 can be changed, that is, the magnitude of the elastic force between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120 can be changed.

[0047] When the first rod body 110 is compressed, the first rod body 110 will drive the movable section 320 to move together, that is, the movable section 320 approaches the fixed section 310 and compresses the first spring 410. When the relative position between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310 remains unchanged, that is, the relative displacement distance between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310 is determined, by changing the relative position between the limiting member 311 and the fixed section 310, the compression degree of the first spring 410 can be changed, thereby changing the elastic force between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310, that is, the elastic force between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120.

[0048] When it is necessary to increase the elastic force between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120, the limiting member 311 is controlled to move towards the movable section 320 to a suitable position. In this way, the compression degree of the spring between the limiting member 311 and the movable section 320 can be increased, and the elastic force between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120 can be increased. Correspondingly, when it is necessary to reduce the elastic force between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120, it is only necessary to move the limiting member 311 away from the movable section 320 to a suitable position. In this embodiment, by controlling the position of the limiting member 311, the elastic force between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120 is changed, so that this embodiment can adapt to people of different ages and different types, and the practicability of this embodiment is improved.

[0049] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 11 shown, the limiting member 311 is arranged as a bushing, the bushing is arranged in the cavity 313, and the movable section 320 is inserted into the bushing. A first connecting member is arranged on the bushing, and a second connecting member is arranged on the fixed section 310, and the first connecting member can be relatively fixed to the second connecting member. When it is necessary to change the position of the limiting member 311 to control the elastic force between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310, the first connecting member and the second connecting member are controlled to be separated, and the limiting member 311 is moved to a suitable position. After moving to a suitable position, the limiting member 311 is fixed, that is, the first connecting member and the second connecting member are relatively fixed, and the adjustment is completed.

[0050] It can be understood that the first connecting member and the second connecting member can be arranged in any structure according to actual needs, as long as the limiting member 311 and the fixed section 310 can be detachably installed. By way of example, a through hole 312 is provided on the limiting member 311. Correspondingly, a connecting hole is also provided on the fixed section 310, and a plurality of connecting holes are vertically provided on the fixed section 310. When it is necessary to relatively fix the limiting member 311 and the fixed section 310, the limiting member 311 is moved to a suitable position, and then the bolts of the through hole 312 sequentially pass through the through hole 312 and the connecting hole to complete the fixing.

[0051] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 5 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 shown, the rod body 100 includes a housing 200, and a telescopic rod 300 is arranged in the housing 200. The fixed section 310 is fixedly arranged with the housing 200, the movable section 320 is telescopically arranged in the housing 200, and the movable section 320 can extend out of the housing 200 in a direction away from the fixed section 310. By arranging the telescopic rod 300 in the housing 200, the telescopic rod 300 can be protected by the housing 200, avoiding the contact of each movable part on the telescopic rod 300 with the outside world, and extending the service life of this embodiment.

[0052] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, a stop portion 220 is provided inside the housing 200. A stop step 321 is provided on the movable section 320. The stop step 321 is provided between the fixed section 310 and the stop portion 220. The stop step 321 can abut against the stop portion 220 to limit the telescopic movement of the movable section 320. When using this embodiment, after the movable section 320 completes energy storage by compressing the spring and the spring releases, the movable section 320 will be ejected outward, and the billiard ball will be struck by the elastic force. The cooperation between the stop portion 220 and the stop step 321 can limit the movable section 320. When the movable section 320 pops out until the stop step 321 abuts against the stop portion 220, the movable section 320 stops moving, restricting the movement range of the movable section 320 and preventing the situation that the movable section 320 detaches from the fixed section 310, resulting in damage to this embodiment.

[0053] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 shown, a buffer element 322 is provided between the stop portion 220 and the stop step 321. The buffer element 322 is fixedly provided on the stop step 321. In this way, after the stop step 321 impacts on the stop portion 220, buffering is performed through the buffer element 322, which can avoid hard contact between the stop step 321 and the stop portion 220, prevent damage caused by direct impact between the stop step 321 and the stop portion 220, extend the service life of this embodiment, and improve the practicality of this embodiment.

[0054] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 2 , Figure 5 shown, the elastic element 400 further includes a second spring 420. The second spring 420 is provided between the stop step 321 and the fixed section 310. One end of the second spring 420 abuts against the stop step 321, and the end of the second spring 420 away from the stop step 321 abuts against the fixed section 310. By cooperatively providing the second spring 420 between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310, when the movable section 320 moves towards the fixed section 310, the first spring 410 and the second spring 420 can be compressed simultaneously, increasing the elastic force between the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310, that is, the elastic force between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120, and improving the playability of this embodiment.

[0055] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 10As shown, a buckle 323 is provided at one end of the movable section 320 facing the fixed section 310, and a clamping portion 210 is provided at the corresponding position on the outer shell 200. The buckle 323 can be fixed within the clamping portion 210. When the movable section 320 moves to a position where the buckle 323 abuts against the clamping portion 210, the clamping portion 210 can limit the position of the buckle 323. The buckle 323 is provided on the movable section 320, and the clamping portion 210 is provided on the outer shell 200, that is, the outer shell 200 restricts the position of the movable section 320. When it is necessary to eject the movable section 320, it is only necessary to release the fixation of the clamping portion 210 on the buckle 323, which is simple and convenient to use and easy to operate.

[0056] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 8 As shown, a through groove is formed on the fixed section 310, and the clamping portion 210 can pass through the through groove and extend into the interior of the fixed section 310 to facilitate the relative fixation of the clamping portion 210 and the buckle 323. In this way, the structural cooperation of this embodiment is simpler and more reasonable, and the assembly difficulty of this embodiment can also be reduced. This makes this embodiment easy to produce and process.

[0057] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 5 、 Figure 8 As shown, an external thread is provided at the end of the fixed section 310 away from the movable section 320. Correspondingly, an internal thread is provided at the position where the second rod body 120 contacts the fixed section 310. The fixed section 310 and the second rod body 120 are detachably connected through the internal thread and the external thread.

[0058] It can be understood that the installation method of the first rod body 110 and the movable section 320 is also a threaded connection, making the overall flexibility of this embodiment stronger during production and installation. The outer shell 200 is arranged between the first rod body 110 and the second rod body 120 according to the actual length to protect the telescopic rod 300, and at the same time makes the overall of this embodiment more beautiful and easy to play with.

[0059] In some embodiments, by way of example, such as Figure 10 As shown, the clamping portion 210 includes a clamping rod, the clamping rod is hingedly installed on the shell, and a hook is provided at the end of the clamping rod facing the buckle 323. The hook can clamp the buckle 323. A return spring is also provided between the clamping rod and the shell to keep the hook in a suitable position all the time. During use, the buckle 323 moves downward to the hook and is caught by the hook, and the movable section 320 and the fixed section 310 are relatively fixed. When it is necessary to release, press the end of the clamping rod away from the hook to retract the hook, and the hook and the buckle 323 can be disengaged to release the movable rod.

[0060] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. For those skilled in the art, the present utility model may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A telescopic billiard cue, characterized in that: include: A rod body (100), the rod body (100) comprising a first rod body (110) and a second rod body (120); A telescopic rod (300), wherein the telescopic rod (300) is arranged between the first rod body (110) and the second rod body (120); The telescopic rod (300) comprises a fixed section (310) and a movable section (320), an elastic element (400) is provided between the fixed section (310) and the movable section (320), and the fixed section (310) and the movable section (320) can be relatively fixed; The first rod body (110) is arranged on the movable section (320), and the second rod body (120) is arranged on the fixed section (310).

2. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed section (310) is provided with a cavity (313), and the movable section (320) can be telescopically installed in the cavity (313); The elastic element (400) comprises a first spring (410), one end of the first spring (410) abuts against the movable section (320), and one end of the first spring (410) away from the movable section (320) abuts against the fixed section (310).

3. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting member (311) is slidably disposed in the cavity (313), and the limiting member (311) can be relatively fixed to the fixing section (310); One end of the first spring (410) abuts against the movable section (320), and one end of the first spring (410) away from the movable section (320) abuts against the limiting component (311).

4. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting member (311) is configured as a shaft sleeve, the shaft sleeve is disposed in the cavity (313), and the movable section (320) is inserted into the shaft sleeve; The shaft sleeve is provided with a first connecting piece, and the fixing section (310) is provided with a second connecting piece, and the first connecting piece can be fixed relative to the second connecting piece.

5. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rod body (100) comprises a housing (200), and the telescopic rod (300) is arranged in the housing (200); The fixed section (310) is fixedly arranged with the housing (200), the movable section (320) can be telescopically arranged in the housing (200), and the movable section (320) can extend to the outside of the housing (200) in a direction away from the fixed section (310).

6. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 5, characterized in that: A stopper (220) is provided in the housing (200); The movable section (320) is provided with a stop step (321), and the stop step (321) is provided between the fixed section (310) and the stop portion (220). The stop step (321) can abut against the stop portion (220) to limit the extension and retraction of the movable section (320).

7. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 6, characterized in that: A buffer element (322) is provided between the stop portion (220) and the stop step (321), and the buffer element (322) is fixedly provided on the stop step (321).

8. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 7, characterized in that: The elastic element (400) further comprises a second spring (420), wherein the second spring (420) is arranged between the stop step (321) and the fixing section (310); One end of the second spring (420) abuts against the stop step (321), and the end of the second spring (420) away from the stop step (321) abuts against the fixing section (310).

9. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 5, characterized in that: A buckle (323) is provided at one end of the movable section (320) facing the fixed section (310), a buckle (210) is provided at a corresponding position on the housing (200), and the buckle (323) can be fixed in the buckle (210).

10. The telescopic billiard cue according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fixing section (310) is provided with a through slot, and the clamping portion (210) can pass through the through slot and extend into the fixing section (310), so that the clamping portion (210) and the buckle (323) are relatively fixed.