Perovskite solar cell and four-terminal laminated cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses a perovskite solar cell and a four-end laminated cell, and relates to the field of photovoltaic technology. The carrier recombination loss in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell is reduced, and the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is improved. The perovskite solar cell comprises a first electrode layer, a cell function layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked in sequence. And the conduction types of carriers transmitted by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are opposite. The perovskite solar cell is provided with an edge region located at the edge and an inner region located at the inner side of the edge region. The resistance of the first electrode layer in the internal region is smaller than that of the first electrode layer in the edge region at least along the first direction; and / or, the resistance of the second electrode layer in the inner region is smaller than the resistance of the second electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction, and the second direction is different from the first direction. The four-end laminated cell comprises a top cell and a bottom cell which are arranged in a laminated manner. The top cell is the perovskite solar cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a four-terminal stacked cell. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells belong to the third generation of solar cells, also known as new concept solar cells. They have attracted widespread attention in the solar cell field because the perovskite material they use has a series of advantages, including high light absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, large diffusion length, and adjustable band gap.

[0003] With the continuous development of the photovoltaic industry, reducing the cost of power generation is an issue that must be faced, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the above-mentioned perovskite solar cells is a key measure to reduce costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a perovskite solar cell and a four-terminal stacked cell, which are used to reduce carrier recombination losses in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell comprises: a first electrode layer, a cell functional layer, and a second electrode layer, stacked in sequence. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have opposite conductivity types for transporting carriers. The perovskite solar cell comprises an edge region located at an edge, and an inner region located inside the edge region. The resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner region is lower than its own resistance in the edge region, at least along a first direction; and / or the resistance of the second electrode layer in the inner region is lower than its own resistance in the edge region, along the first direction and / or along a second direction, where the second direction is different from the first direction.

[0006] When the above technical solution is adopted, in the perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention, a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer are respectively provided on both sides of the cell functional layer, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have opposite conductivity types for the carriers transmitted. Based on this, when the perovskite solar cell is in an operating state, the holes and electrons generated in the cell functional layer move toward the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, respectively, and are respectively collected and conducted away by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, which facilitates the formation of photocurrent. In the above case, the perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention has an edge region located at the edge and an inner region located inside the edge region. Furthermore, when the resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner region is lower than its own resistance at least along the first direction in the edge region, photogenerated carriers of the corresponding conductivity type generated in the portion of the battery functional layer corresponding to the inner region are more likely to be transmitted within the portion of the first electrode layer with lower resistance and located in the inner region. Of the photogenerated carriers of the corresponding conductivity type generated in the portion of the battery functional layer corresponding to the inner region, only a small portion, or the photogenerated carriers, will not be transmitted in the portion of the first electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction. This allows the first electrode layer to form a high-resistance contact with the battery functional layer in the lateral direction at least along the first direction in the edge region, thereby reducing carrier recombination losses in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell and alleviating the problem of severe carrier recombination in the edge region caused by damage to the outer edge region of the perovskite solar cell caused by laser edge cleaning in the prior art, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. The application principle of the beneficial effect of the second electrode layer having a resistance in the inner region lower than its own resistance in the first direction and / or in the second direction in the edge region is similar to the application principle of the beneficial effect of the first electrode layer having a resistance in the inner region lower than its own resistance at least along the first direction in the edge region described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge region at least along the first direction is smaller than its thickness in the inner region; or, the first electrode layer is not arranged in the edge region at least along the first direction.

[0008] When using the above technical solution, it can be understood that the thickness of the first electrode layer affects the transmission area of ​​its own transmission path, and the transmission area is inversely proportional to the transmission resistance. Based on this, when the thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge region along at least the first direction is less than its thickness in the inner region, or the first electrode layer is not disposed in the edge region along at least the first direction, it can ensure that the resistance of the first electrode layer in the edge region along at least the first direction is less than its resistance in the inner region, thereby reducing carrier recombination losses in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell. At the same time, the resistance of the first electrode layer in the edge area at least along the first direction is smaller than the resistance of the first electrode layer in the internal area. The two examples of setting the thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge area at least along the first direction to be smaller than the thickness of the first electrode layer in the internal area, or the first electrode layer is not set in the edge area at least along the first direction, can improve the applicability of the perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention in different application scenarios. In addition, there is no need to completely remove the first electrode layer at least in the edge area along the first direction after forming the entire first electrode layer in order to adjust the resistance in the edge area, which causes the etching process such as etching solution or laser to affect the electrode functional layer at least in the edge area along the first direction, thereby improving the yield of the perovskite solar cell and improving the etching capacity of the etching process.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the ratio of the thickness of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region to the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region is less than or equal to 0.2. In this case, the thickness of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region is sufficiently small, thereby making the resistance of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region sufficiently large, thereby preventing photogenerated carriers of the corresponding conductivity type generated in the portion of the cell functional layer corresponding to the inner region from being laterally transmitted in the portion of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region, thereby further reducing carrier recombination losses in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the thickness of the second electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction is less than its thickness in the inner region; or, the second electrode layer is not disposed in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction. The application principle of the beneficial effect in this case is similar to the application principle of the beneficial effect of the first electrode layer having a thickness in the edge region along at least the first direction less than its thickness in the inner region; or, the first electrode layer not being disposed in the edge region along at least the first direction, and is not further described here.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the ratio of the thickness of the second electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction to the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region is less than or equal to 0.2. The application principle of the beneficial effect in this case is similar to the application principle of the beneficial effect of the ratio of the thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge region along at least the first direction to the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region being less than or equal to 0.2 described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0012] In a possible implementation, along the first direction and / or the second direction, the width of the edge region is greater than or equal to 0.3 μm and less than or equal to 2000 μm.

[0013] When the above technical solution is adopted, the width of the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction is within the above range, which can prevent the width of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region with a larger resistance from being reduced due to the smaller width of the edge region, and / or the width of the second electrode at the edge region with a larger resistance along the first direction and / or the second direction from being reduced, thereby ensuring that the portion of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer with a larger resistance and forming a high-resistance contact with the portion of the corresponding internal region of the battery functional layer has a certain width, thereby ensuring that the carrier recombination loss in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell can be reduced. In addition, because the first electrode layer has a low efficiency in collecting photogenerated carriers generated at the edge region along at least the first direction, and the second electrode layer has a low efficiency in collecting photogenerated carriers generated at the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction, or even cannot be collected, the width of the edge is within the above range, which can also prevent the battery functional layer from being affected by the larger width of the edge region, resulting in the inability to timely extract the carriers generated in the portion close to the outer side that has a higher quality and has not undergone laser edge cleaning, thereby reducing power generation losses and ensuring that the perovskite solar cell has a higher conversion efficiency.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region is greater than or equal to 0.03 μm and less than or equal to 3 μm; and / or the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region is greater than or equal to 0.03 μm and less than or equal to 2 μm. In this case, the portion of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer in the inner region has a smaller transmission resistance, ensuring that the photogenerated carriers generated by the portion of the battery functional layer corresponding to the inner region can be promptly extracted, reducing carrier recombination losses in the inner region of the battery. This can also prevent the high consumption of consumables due to the large thickness of the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer, thereby helping to control the cost of perovskite solar cells.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the perovskite solar cell includes a plurality of sub-battery units arranged along the second direction and connected in series. A plurality of insulating grooves spaced apart along the second direction are formed in the second electrode layer to separate the portions of the second electrode layer corresponding to two adjacent sub-battery units. In the above case, the first direction is parallel to the length extension direction of the sub-battery unit. In this case, a large-area perovskite solar cell is divided into a plurality of sub-battery units arranged along the second direction and connected in series to form a perovskite module, thereby improving the overall voltage and fill factor of the device and further improving the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the second electrode layer is a transparent conductive layer. Furthermore, the perovskite solar cell further includes an edge metal grid line disposed on a side of the second electrode layer facing away from the cell functional layer and close to an edge region along the first direction.

[0017] When using the above technical solution, compared to the metal grid electrode, the transparent conductive layer has characteristics that significantly allow more back-reflected light to be refracted through the second electrode layer into the cell functional layer, thereby improving the bifaciality of the perovskite solar cell. Furthermore, compared to the transparent conductive layer, the edge metal grid has a lower sheet resistance. Therefore, disposing the edge metal grid in the edge region along the first direction of the surface of the second electrode layer facing away from the cell functional layer can improve the carrier collection efficiency of the portion of the inner region of the cell functional layer near the edge region along the first direction, further reducing the carrier recombination rate of the perovskite solar cell and improving the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0018] In one possible implementation, along the first direction, the distance between the edge metal grid line and the boundary along the first direction in the surface of the second electrode layer facing away from the battery functional layer is less than or equal to 5 mm; and / or, along the second direction, the distance between the edge metal grid line and the boundary along the first direction in the surface of the second electrode layer facing away from the battery functional layer is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0019] When the above technical solution is adopted, the ability of the edge metal grid line to collect carriers generated in the portion of the battery internal area close to the edge region along the first direction is proportional to its own formation range and its own spacing from the above edge region. Based on this, when the spacing between the edge metal grid line and the boundary along the first direction on the side of the second electrode layer facing away from the battery functional layer is less than or equal to 5mm, the edge metal grid line is prevented from having a low carrier collection efficiency in the above edge region due to the large spacing between the edge metal grid line and the above boundary, ensuring that the carriers generated in the portion of the battery internal area close to the edge region along the first direction can be promptly extracted, reducing the carrier recombination rate in the edge region, and further improving the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Secondly, the application principle of the beneficial effect of the spacing between the edge metal grid line and the boundary along the first direction on the side of the second electrode layer facing away from the battery functional layer is less than or equal to 5mm can be referred to the above text and will not be repeated here.

[0020] In one possible implementation, when a perovskite solar cell includes multiple sub-cells, the edge metal gridlines include multiple metal gridline segments spaced apart along the second direction. Two adjacent metal gridline segments within the same edge metal gridline are separated by an insulating trench. In this case, short circuits between different sub-cells through the edge metal gridlines can be prevented, thereby improving the electrical reliability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the first electrode layer has an extension terminal along the second direction. The ends of the battery functional layer and the second electrode layer along the second direction are both recessed inward relative to the extension terminal of the first electrode layer. In this case, carriers collected by the first electrode layer can be easily extracted through the extension terminal of the first electrode layer, reducing interconnection complexity.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a four-terminal stacked cell comprising a top cell and a bottom cell stacked in layers. The top cell is the perovskite solar cell provided in the first aspect and various implementations thereof.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the second aspect of the present invention and its various implementations can be analyzed with reference to the beneficial effects of the first aspect and its various implementations, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 2 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 3 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 3 ;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic top view of the structure of a perovskite solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention and a partially enlarged schematic view of the framed portion;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the framed part Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 6 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 4 ;

[0031] Figure 7 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 5 ;

[0032] Figure 8 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 6 ;

[0033] Figure 9 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 7 ;

[0034] Figure 10 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 8 ;

[0035] Figure 11 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 9 ;

[0036] Figure 12 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 10 ;

[0037] Figure 13 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 10 one;

[0038] Figure 14 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 10 two;

[0039] Figure 15 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 10 three;

[0040] Figure 16 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 10 Four;

[0041] Figure 17 Parts (1) and (2) are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the structure of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention along the second direction and along the first direction, respectively. Figure 10 five;

[0042] Figure 18 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the framed part Figure 2 ;

[0043] Figure 19 A longitudinal schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell along the second direction provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0044] Figure 20 A schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes multiple sub-cell units.

[0045] Figure numerals: 11 is the first electrode layer, 12 is the battery functional layer, 13 is the second electrode layer, 14 is the edge area, 15 is the internal area, 16 is the sub-battery unit, 17 is the insulation groove, 18 is the edge metal grid line, 19 is the metal grid line segment, 20 is the lead-out end, 21 is the first scribing groove, 22 is the second scribing groove, and 23 is the photovoltaic glass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0048] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this utility model, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0050] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and can refer to internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on specific circumstances.

[0051] Perovskite solar cells belong to the third generation of solar cells, also known as new concept solar cells. Because the perovskite material it uses has a series of advantages such as high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, large diffusion length, and adjustable band gap, it has received widespread attention in the field of solar cells. In addition, the theoretical efficiency of perovskite solar cells can reach 33%, which is higher than the theoretical limit efficiency of single-junction silicon solar cells (29.4%). More importantly, perovskite solar cells can also be processed at low temperatures, which gives it a great competitive advantage in the next generation of low-cost photovoltaic processes that need to solve the stretchability problem. In addition, low-temperature processability also makes perovskite solar cells compatible with flexible wearable electronic devices.

[0052] It is understandable that the photogenerated carriers generated in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell can only be transmitted within the electrode layer and in a direction close to the inner region after being collected by the electrode layer, while the photogenerated carriers generated in the inner region of the perovskite solar cell can be transmitted within the electrode layer and in a direction toward the edges on both sides after being collected by the electrode layer. That is, at this time, the transmission area of ​​the transmission path corresponding to the photogenerated carriers generated in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell after being collected by the electrode layer is only half of the transmission area of ​​the transmission path corresponding to the photogenerated carriers generated in the inner region of the perovskite solar cell after being collected by the electrode layer. Therefore, compared with the inner region of the perovskite solar cell, the transmission resistance and heat loss corresponding to the edge region of the perovskite solar cell are greater. In addition, in the actual manufacturing process, it is usually necessary to use a laser irradiation process to clean the edge region of the perovskite solar cell to remove the poor quality portion of the cell edge and provide a smoother edge for subsequent component packaging. However, due to the high temperature of the radiated laser and the low-temperature characteristics of perovskite solar cells, the above-mentioned laser edge cleaning operation will damage the edge area outside the perovskite solar cell, resulting in a large number of defects, resulting in a high carrier recombination rate in the edge area of ​​the battery, thereby reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0053] In order to solve the above technical problems, in the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a first electrode layer 11, a battery functional layer 12, and a second electrode layer 13 stacked in sequence. The first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 13 have opposite conductivity types for transporting carriers. The perovskite solar cell has an edge region 14 located at the edge, and an internal region 15 located inside the edge region 14. The resistance of the first electrode layer 11 in the internal region 15 is smaller than its own resistance in the edge region 14 at least along the first direction; and / or the resistance of the second electrode layer 13 in the internal region 15 is smaller than its own resistance in the first direction and / or along the second direction in the edge region 14, and the second direction is different from the first direction.

[0054] When the above technical solution is adopted, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a first electrode layer 11 and a second electrode layer 13 are respectively provided on both sides of the cell functional layer 12, and the first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 13 are used to transmit carriers of opposite conductivity types. Based on this, when the perovskite solar cell is in an operating state, the holes and electrons generated in the cell functional layer 12 move toward the first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 13 respectively, and are respectively collected and conducted away by the first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 13, which is conducive to the formation of photocurrent. In the above case, the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention has an edge region 14 located at the edge, and an internal region 15 located inside the edge region 14. Moreover, when the resistance of the first electrode layer 11 in the internal area 15 is smaller than its own resistance in the edge area 14 at least along the first direction, the photogenerated carriers of the corresponding conductive type generated in the portion of the battery functional layer 12 corresponding to the internal area 15 tend to be transmitted in the portion of the first electrode layer 11 having a smaller resistance and located in the internal area 15, while only a small portion of the photogenerated carriers of the corresponding conductive type generated in the portion of the battery functional layer 12 corresponding to the internal area 15 or the photogenerated carriers will not be transmitted in the portion of the first electrode layer 11 in the edge area 14 along the first direction, thereby forming a high-resistance contact between the first electrode layer 11 and the battery functional layer 12 in the lateral direction at least along the first direction in the edge area 14, reducing the carrier recombination loss in the edge area 14 of the perovskite solar cell, and alleviating the problem in the prior art of serious carrier recombination in the edge area 14 caused by damage to the edge area 14 on the outside of the perovskite solar cell caused by the laser edge cleaning operation, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. As for the application principle of the beneficial effect that the resistance of the second electrode layer 13 in the internal area 15 is smaller than its own resistance in the first direction and / or in the second direction in the edge area 14, it is similar to the application principle of the beneficial effect that the resistance of the first electrode layer 11 in the internal area 15 is smaller than its own resistance in the edge area 14 at least along the first direction as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] In actual application, the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be a whole perovskite solar cell. Or, Figure 4As shown, the perovskite solar cell also includes a plurality of sub-cell units 16 spaced apart and connected in series. Furthermore, a plurality of insulating slots 17 are formed within the second electrode layer 13, spaced apart along the distribution direction of the different sub-cell units 16, to separate the portions of the second electrode layer 13 corresponding to two adjacent sub-cell units 16 to prevent short circuits. In this case, a large-area perovskite solar cell is divided into a plurality of sub-cell units 16 connected in series to form a perovskite module, thereby increasing the overall device voltage and fill factor, further improving the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a first scribe groove 21 and a second scribe groove 22 may be provided in the perovskite solar cell. The first scribe groove 21, the second scribe groove 22 and the insulating groove 17 together constitute a series electrode structure between adjacent sub-battery units 16. Specifically, the first scribe groove 21 penetrates the battery functional layer 12, and the second electrode layer 13 penetrates the battery functional layer 12 through the first scribe groove 21 and is electrically connected to the second electrode layer 13. The second scribe groove 22 penetrates the first electrode layer 11, and the battery functional layer 12 penetrates the first electrode layer 11 through the second scribe groove 22. The insulating groove 17 and the second scribe groove 22 are respectively provided on both sides of the first scribe groove 21 along the distribution direction of different sub-battery units 16.

[0057] In addition, if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the perovskite solar cell has an edge region 14 located at the edge and an inner region 15 located inside the edge region 14 . As described above, the first electrode layer 11 forms a high-resistance contact with the battery functional layer 12 in the edge area 14 at least along the first direction, and / or the second electrode layer 13 forms a high-resistance contact with the battery functional layer 12 in the edge area 14 at least along the first direction and / or the second direction, so as to reduce the carrier recombination loss in the edge area 14 of the perovskite solar cell, and alleviate the problem of high heat loss in the edge area 14 caused by damage to the edge area 14 on the outside of the perovskite solar cell in the prior art due to the laser edge cleaning operation; and because the first electrode layer 11 has a low collection efficiency or even cannot collect the photogenerated carriers generated in the edge area 14 at least along the first direction, and the second electrode layer 13 has a low collection efficiency of the edge area 14 along the first direction and / or the second direction, the distribution range of the above-mentioned edge area 14 and the internal area 15 can be determined according to the distribution range of the part of the perovskite solar cell located on the outside and with a large number of defects after operations such as laser edge cleaning in actual application scenarios, and is not specifically limited here.

[0058] Exemplarily, along the first direction and / or the second direction, the width of the above-mentioned edge region may be greater than or equal to 0.3 μm and less than or equal to 2000 μm. For example, the width of the edge region may be 0.3 μm, 1 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 300 μm, 500 μm, 1000 μm, 1500 μm or 2000 μm, etc. In this case, the width of the edge region is within the above-mentioned range, which can prevent the first electrode layer from having a smaller width at least along the first direction in the edge region where the resistance is greater, and / or the second electrode from having a smaller width along the first direction and / or the second direction in the edge region where the resistance is greater, thereby ensuring that the portion of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer that has a larger resistance and forms a high-resistance contact with the portion of the corresponding internal region of the battery functional layer has a certain width, thereby ensuring that the carrier recombination loss in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell can be reduced. In addition, it can also prevent the battery functional layer from not being laser-cleared due to the large width of the edge area, which affects the quality of the high-quality carriers generated in the part close to the outside and cannot be exported in time, thereby reducing power generation losses and ensuring that the perovskite solar cell has a higher conversion efficiency.

[0059] For the above-mentioned battery functional layer, the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the structure and material of the battery functional layer, as long as it can be applied to the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Illustratively, the battery functional layer may include a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer, and a second carrier transport layer stacked in sequence. The first carrier transport layer is disposed between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the first electrode layer, and the second carrier transport layer is disposed between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the second electrode layer.

[0061] Specifically, the embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit the conductivity type of the carriers transported by the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer. The first carrier transport layer may be a hole transport layer, in which case the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer are both used to collect and transport holes, and the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, in which case the second carrier transport layer and the second electrode are both used to collect and transport electrons. Alternatively, the first carrier transport layer may be an electron transport layer, in which case the first carrier transport layer and the first electrode layer are both used to collect and transport electrons, and the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer, in which case the second carrier transport layer and the second electrode are both used to collect and transport holes.

[0062] As for the material of the above-mentioned perovskite light absorbing layer, the molecular formula of the material contained in the above-mentioned perovskite light absorbing layer is ABX3. Among them, A and B are cations of different sizes, and X is an anion bonded to the two. Moreover, the cation B and the anion X coordinate to form a regular octahedral symmetrical structure, and the cation A is located at the center position of the eight regular octahedra, and the cation B is located at the center position of the regular octahedron. Specifically, the material contained in the perovskite light absorbing layer can be an inorganic perovskite material, an organic perovskite material, or an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material. For example: the material contained in the perovskite absorption layer can be CsPbI2Br, MAPbBr3, FAPbI3 or Cs 1-y-z FA y MA z PbI 3-x Br x (wherein, FA is methyl ether, MA is methylamine, 0≤x≤3, 0≤y≤1, 0≤z≤1, and 0≤y+z≤1), etc.

[0063] As for the materials of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer, they can be determined according to the conductivity type of the carriers transported by themselves. For example, the material of one of the hole transport layers in the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer can be an organic hole transport material (for example: 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (can be abbreviated as Sprio-OMeTAD), 2,2,7,7-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-tolyl)amino-9,9-spirobifluorene (can be abbreviated as spiro-TTB), trifluoromannitol Sugar (which can be abbreviated as TATM), (2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphine (which can be abbreviated as MeO-2PACz), [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (which can be abbreviated as Me-4PACz) or (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (which can be abbreviated as 2PACz) etc., and can also be an inorganic hole transport material (molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide or cuprous oxide, etc.).

[0064] Exemplarily, the material of one of the electron transport layers in the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer can be an organic electron transport material {for example: C60, C70 or [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (abbreviated as PCBM)}, or an inorganic electron transport material (for example: ZnO or WO3, etc.).

[0065] In terms of formation position, the electron transport layer of the first or second carrier transport layer can be disposed on the light-facing side of the perovskite light absorbing layer, in which case the hole transport layer is disposed on the backlight-facing side of the perovskite light absorbing layer. Alternatively, the electron transport layer of the first or second carrier transport layer can be disposed on the backlight-facing side of the perovskite light absorbing layer, in which case the hole transport layer is disposed on the light-facing side of the perovskite light absorbing layer.

[0066] In some cases, the cell functional layer may further include an interface modification layer, which may be disposed between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the first carrier transport layer, and / or between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the second carrier transport layer, to further improve the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. The material of the interface modification layer may include one or more of various organic halogen salts, alkali metal salts, and Lewis acids and bases.

[0067] As for the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, in terms of materials, the materials of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may include any conductive material as long as it can be applied to the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] For example, when the first electrode layer is disposed on the backlight side of the battery functional layer, the first electrode layer can be a metal electrode layer (such as a silver electrode layer, an aluminum electrode layer, or a copper electrode layer), or a transparent conductive layer (such as a tin-doped indium oxide layer or a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer). In this case, the second electrode layer is disposed on the light-facing side of the battery functional layer, and the second electrode layer can be a transparent conductive layer.

[0069] Alternatively, when the second electrode layer is disposed on the light-facing side of the battery functional layer, the second electrode layer may be a metal electrode layer or a transparent conductive layer, and the first electrode layer may be a transparent conductive layer.

[0070] It can be understood that compared with the metal grid electrode, the transparent conductive layer has a light-transmitting property. Therefore, when the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer is a transparent conductive layer, more back-reflected light is refracted into the battery functional layer through the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer to a greater extent, thereby improving the bifaciality of the perovskite solar cell.

[0071] In terms of resistance, the resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner region is lower than its own resistance in the edge region at least along the first direction, so as to facilitate the first electrode layer to form a high-resistance contact with the battery functional layer in the lateral direction at least in the edge region along the first direction; and / or, the resistance of the second electrode layer in the inner region is lower than its own resistance in the edge region along the first direction and / or along the second direction, so as to facilitate the second electrode layer to form a high-resistance contact with the battery functional layer in the lateral direction at least in the edge region along the first direction and / or along the second direction, thereby reducing carrier recombination losses in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell. In the above case, the difference between the resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner region and its own resistance in the edge region at least along the first direction, and the difference between the resistance of the second electrode layer in the inner region and its own resistance in the edge region along the first direction and / or along the second direction, can be determined based on the carrier recombination losses in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell in actual application scenarios, and are not specifically limited here.

[0072] Secondly, when the resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner region is smaller than the resistance of the first electrode layer in the edge region at least along the first direction, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the thickness of the first electrode layer 11 in the edge region 14 at least along the first direction may be smaller than the thickness of the first electrode layer 11 in the inner region 15; or Figure 6 As shown, the first electrode layer 11 may not be disposed in the edge region 14 at least along the first direction.

[0073] When using the above technical solution, it can be understood that the thickness of the first electrode layer affects the transmission area of ​​its own transmission path, and the transmission area is inversely proportional to the transmission resistance. Based on this, when the thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge region along at least the first direction is less than its thickness in the inner region, or the first electrode layer is not disposed in the edge region along at least the first direction, it can ensure that the resistance of the first electrode layer in the edge region along at least the first direction is less than its resistance in the inner region, thereby reducing carrier recombination losses in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell. At the same time, the resistance of the first electrode layer in the edge area at least along the first direction is smaller than the resistance of the first electrode layer in the internal area. The two examples of setting the thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge area at least along the first direction to be smaller than the thickness of the first electrode layer in the internal area, or the first electrode layer is not set in the edge area at least along the first direction, can improve the applicability of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention in different application scenarios. In addition, there is no need to completely remove the first electrode layer at least in the edge area along the first direction after forming the entire first electrode layer in order to adjust the resistance in the edge area, which causes the etching process such as etching solution or laser to affect the electrode functional layer at least in the edge area along the first direction, thereby improving the yield of the perovskite solar cell and improving the etching capacity of the etching process.

[0074] Specifically, when the resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner area and the portion of the first electrode layer in the edge area at least along the first direction is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner area and the portion of the first electrode layer in the edge area at least along the first direction, the specific size of the first electrode layer in the inner area and the portion of the first electrode layer in the edge area at least along the first direction can be determined based on the requirements for the resistance values ​​of the first electrode layer corresponding to different areas in the actual application scenario and the requirements for the carrier recombination rate in the edge area, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0075] Exemplarily, the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region may be greater than or equal to 0.03 μm and less than or equal to 3 μm. For example, the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region may be 0.03 μm, 0.1 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm or 3 μm, etc. In this case, it is beneficial to make the portion of the first electrode layer in the inner region have a smaller transmission resistance, ensuring that the photogenerated carriers generated by the portion of the battery functional layer corresponding to the inner region can be promptly extracted, reducing the carrier recombination loss in the inner region of the battery, and preventing the high consumption of consumables due to the large thickness of the first electrode layer, which is beneficial to controlling the cost of perovskite solar cells.

[0076] Exemplarily, the ratio of the thickness of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region to the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region may be less than or equal to 0.2. For example, the ratio of the thickness of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region to the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region may be 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2. For example, when the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region is 10 μm, the thickness of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region may be 0.01 μm, 0.05 μm, 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, or 2 μm. In this case, the thickness of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region is sufficiently small, thereby making the resistance of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region sufficiently large, preventing photogenerated carriers of the corresponding conductivity type generated in the portion of the cell functional layer corresponding to the inner region from being laterally transmitted in the portion of the first electrode layer at least along the first direction in the edge region, thereby further reducing carrier recombination losses in the edge region of the perovskite solar cell.

[0077] Of course, the resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner area can be made lower than the resistance of the first electrode layer in the edge area at least along the first direction by adjusting the material type of the first electrode layer in the inner area and at least the material of the first electrode layer in the edge area along the first direction.

[0078] For the above-mentioned second electrode layer, when the resistance of the second electrode layer in the inner region is smaller than the resistance of the second electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction, as shown in FIG. Figures 7 to 9As shown, the thickness of the second electrode layer 13 in the edge region 14 along the first direction and / or the second direction may be smaller than the thickness of the second electrode layer 13 in the inner region 15; or Figures 10 to 12 As shown, the second electrode layer 13 is not disposed within the edge region 14 along the first direction and / or the second direction. The application principle of the beneficial effect in this case is similar to the aforementioned principle that the thickness of the first electrode layer 11 in the edge region 14 along at least the first direction is less than the thickness of the first electrode layer 11 in the inner region 15; or the application principle of the beneficial effect of the first electrode layer 11 not being disposed within the edge region 14 along at least the first direction, and will not be further described here.

[0079] Specifically, when the resistance of the second electrode layer in the inner area and the portion of the second electrode layer in the edge area along the first direction and / or the second direction is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner area and the portion of the second electrode layer in the edge area along the first direction and / or the second direction, the specific size of the second electrode layer in the inner area and the portion of the second electrode layer in the edge area along the first direction and / or the second direction can be determined based on the requirements for the resistance values ​​of the second electrode layer corresponding to different areas in the actual application scenario and the requirements for the carrier recombination rate in the edge area, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0080] Exemplarily, the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region may be greater than or equal to 0.03 μm and less than or equal to 2 μm. For example, the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region may be 0.03 μm, 0.1 μm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.8 μm or 2 μm, etc. In this case, it is beneficial to make the portion of the second electrode layer in the inner region have a smaller transmission resistance, ensuring that the photogenerated carriers generated by the portion of the battery functional layer corresponding to the inner region can be promptly extracted, reducing the carrier recombination loss in the inner region of the battery, and preventing the high use of consumables due to the large thickness of the second electrode layer, which is beneficial to controlling the cost of perovskite solar cells.

[0081] Exemplarily, the ratio of the thickness of the second electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction to the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region is less than or equal to 0.2. For example, the ratio of the thickness of the second electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction to the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region can be 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2. The application principle of the beneficial effect in this case is similar to the application principle of the beneficial effect of the ratio of the thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge region along at least the first direction to the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region being less than or equal to 0.2 as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0082] In terms of thickness distribution, the first direction and the second direction can be any two different directions parallel to the light-facing surface of the cell. The specific directions of the first direction and the second direction can be determined according to the structure and morphology of the perovskite solar cell.

[0083] For example, Figure 4 As shown, when the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell includes multiple sub-battery units 16, different sub-battery power sources can be arranged at intervals along the second direction and connected in series. In addition, the first direction is parallel to the length extension direction of the sub-battery unit 16. In this case, because the cross-sectional shape of the perovskite solar cell is generally rectangular, when the second direction is the arrangement direction of the different sub-battery units 16 and the first direction is parallel to the length extension direction of the sub-battery, at least the portion of the first electrode layer with a higher resistance in the edge region along the first direction, and / or the portion of the second electrode layer with a higher resistance in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction can occupy the entire area of ​​the edge region along the corresponding direction, ensuring that the carrier recombination rate in the entire area of ​​the edge region along the long side or short side of the rectangle is low.

[0084] In addition, in the actual application process, such as Figures 6 to 13 As shown, the first electrode layer 11 has a lead-out terminal 20. The end of the battery functional layer 12 along the length direction of the lead-out terminal 20 and the end of the second electrode layer 13 along the length direction of the lead-out terminal 20 are both retracted inward relative to the lead-out terminal 20 of the first electrode layer 11. In this case, it is convenient to lead out the carriers collected by the first electrode layer 11 through the lead-out terminal 20 of the first electrode layer 11, reducing the difficulty of interconnection. The length direction of the lead-out terminal 20 can be determined according to the actual application scenario. For example, when the cross-sectional shape of the perovskite solar cell is a rectangle, the length direction of the lead-out terminal 20 can be the diagonal direction of the rectangle, or it can also be parallel to the long side extension direction or the short side extension direction of the rectangle.

[0085] For example, Figures 6 to 13 As shown, along the second direction, the first electrode layer 11 has an extension end 20. At this time, the end of the battery functional layer 12 along the second direction and the end of the second electrode layer 13 along the second direction are both retracted inward relative to the extension end 20 of the first electrode layer 11.

[0086] Of course, in actual application, the first electrode layer may not be provided with a lead-out end. In this case, the carriers collected by the first electrode layer may be led out by providing a conductive structure such as an electrode mesh electrically connected to the first electrode layer.

[0087] Whether the resistance of the first electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and the second direction is greater than the resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner region can be determined according to the structure of the perovskite solar cell.

[0088] For example, Figures 10 to 13 As shown, when the first electrode layer 11 has a lead-out end 20 along the second direction, the resistance of the first electrode layer 11 can be greater than its own resistance in the internal area 15 only in the edge area 14 along the first direction, and the portion of the first electrode layer 11 in the edge area 14 along the second direction is the lead-out end 20, and the resistance of the lead-out end 20 can be approximately the same as the resistance of the first electrode layer 11 in the internal area 15.

[0089] Or, as Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, when the first electrode layer 11 has a lead-out end 20 along the second direction, if the resistance of the second electrode layer 13 in the edge area 14 along the first direction and / or the second direction is greater than its own resistance in the internal area 15, the resistance of each part of the first electrode layer 11 may also be roughly the same.

[0090] like Figures 14 to 17 As shown, when the first electrode layer 11 does not have lead terminals extending from the ends of the battery functional layer 12 and the second electrode layer 13, the resistance of the first electrode layer 11 may be greater only in the edge region 14 along the first direction than in the interior region 15. Alternatively, the resistance of the first electrode layer 11 may be greater only in the edge region 14 along the second direction than in the interior region 15. Alternatively, the resistance of the first electrode layer 11 may be greater in both the first and second directions within the edge region 14 than in the interior region 15. Furthermore, when the first electrode layer 11 does not have lead terminals extending from the ends of the battery functional layer 12 and the second electrode layer 13, if the resistance of the second electrode layer 13 in the edge region 14 along the first and / or second directions is greater than the resistance in the interior region 15, the resistances of various portions of the first electrode layer 11 may also be substantially the same.

[0091] As for the second electrode layer, Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figures 6 to 13 ,as well as Figure 17 As shown, the resistance of the second electrode layer 13 may be greater only in the edge region 14 along the first direction than in the inner region 15. Alternatively, the resistance of the second electrode layer 13 may be greater only in the edge region 14 along the second direction than in the inner region 15. Alternatively, the resistance of the second electrode layer 13 may be greater in both the first and second directions in the edge region 14 than in the inner region 15. Furthermore, when the resistance of the first electrode layer 11 in the edge region 14 along the first direction and / or the second direction is greater than the resistance in the inner region 15, the resistances of various portions of the second electrode layer 13 may be substantially the same.

[0092] In one possible implementation, Figure 18 and Figure 19As shown, when the second electrode layer 13 is a transparent conductive layer, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell may further include an edge metal grid line 18, which is disposed on a side of the second electrode layer 13 facing away from the battery functional layer 12 and close to the edge region 14 along the first direction. In this case, compared with the transparent conductive layer, the edge metal grid line 18 has a lower sheet resistance. Therefore, the edge metal grid line 18 is disposed on the side of the second electrode layer 13 facing away from the battery functional layer 12 and close to the edge region 14 along the first direction. This can improve the carrier collection efficiency in the portion of the inner region 15 of the battery functional layer 12 close to the edge region 14 along the first direction, further reduce the carrier recombination rate of the perovskite solar cell, and improve the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0093] It is understood that the ability of the edge metal grid to collect carriers generated within a portion of the battery's internal area near the edge region along the first direction is proportional to its own formation range and its spacing from the aforementioned edge region. Based on this, the specific placement of the edge metal grid near the edge region along the first direction on the surface of the second electrode layer facing away from the battery's functional layer can be determined based on the carrier collection efficiency requirements of the aforementioned edge region in actual application scenarios and the actual manufacturing process, and is not specifically limited here.

[0094] For example, along the first direction, the distance between the edge metal grid line and the boundary of the second electrode layer on the side facing away from the battery functional layer, close to the boundary along the first direction, may be less than or equal to 5 mm. For example, along the first direction, the distance between the edge metal grid line and the boundary of the second electrode layer on the side facing away from the battery functional layer, close to the boundary along the first direction, may be 0, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm, etc.

[0095] Illustratively, along the second direction, the distance between the edge metal grid line and the boundary of the second electrode layer on the side facing away from the battery functional layer, close to the boundary along the first direction, may be less than or equal to 5 mm. For example, along the second direction, the distance between the edge metal grid line and the boundary of the second electrode layer on the side facing away from the battery functional layer, close to the boundary along the first direction, may be 0, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm, etc.

[0096] When the above technical solution is adopted, based on this, when the spacing between the edge metal grid line and the boundary along the first direction of the second electrode layer on the side facing away from the battery functional layer is less than or equal to 5mm, the edge metal grid line is prevented from having a low carrier collection efficiency in the above-mentioned edge area due to the large spacing between the edge metal grid line and the above-mentioned boundary, ensuring that the carriers generated in the portion of the battery internal area near the edge area along the first direction can be promptly extracted, reducing the carrier recombination rate in the edge area, and further improving the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Secondly, the application principle of the beneficial effect of the spacing between the edge metal grid line and the boundary along the first direction of the second electrode layer on the side facing away from the battery functional layer can be referred to above and will not be repeated here.

[0097] In one example, Figure 20 As shown, in the case where the perovskite solar cell includes a plurality of sub-cell units 16, the edge metal grid line includes a plurality of metal grid line segments 19 spaced apart along the second direction. Two adjacent metal grid line segments 19 included in the same edge metal grid line are separated by an insulating groove 17. In this case, short circuits between different sub-cell units 16 through the edge metal grid line can be prevented, thereby improving the electrical reliability of the perovskite solar cell. The distribution of each metal grid line segment 19 on the corresponding sub-cell unit 16 can be determined by referring to the distribution of the edge metal grid line on the side surface of the second electrode layer 13 away from the battery functional layer 12, which is close to the edge area 14 along the first direction, as described above, and is not specifically limited here.

[0098] In addition, the number of metal grid segments included in the edge metal grid lines can be equal to the number of sub-cells included in the perovskite solar cell, in which case each sub-cell is provided with a metal grid segment. Alternatively, the number of metal grid segments included in the edge metal grid lines can also be less than the number of sub-cells included in the perovskite solar cell, in which case at least one sub-cell is not provided with a metal grid segment.

[0099] In some cases, such as Figure 20 As shown, the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention may further include a photovoltaic glass 23 , and the first electrode layer 11 is formed on the photovoltaic glass 23 .

[0100] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a four-terminal stacked cell comprising a top cell and a bottom cell stacked in layers. The top cell is the perovskite solar cell provided by the first aspect and various implementations thereof.

[0101] The bottom cell mentioned above can be any type of solar cell such as a crystalline silicon cell, and can be applied to the four-terminal stacked cell provided in the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0102] The beneficial effects of the second aspect and its various implementations in the embodiments of the present invention can be analyzed with reference to the beneficial effects of the first aspect and its various implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0103] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that include: A first electrode layer, a battery functional layer, and a second electrode layer are stacked in sequence; the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have opposite conductivity types for transporting carriers; the perovskite solar cell has an edge region located at an edge and an inner region located inside the edge region; The resistance of the first electrode layer in the inner region is smaller than its own resistance in the edge region at least along the first direction; and / or the resistance of the second electrode layer in the inner region is smaller than its own resistance in the edge region along the first direction and / or along the second direction, and the second direction is different from the first direction.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge region at least along the first direction is smaller than the thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region; Alternatively, the first electrode layer is not disposed in the edge region at least along the first direction.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein A ratio of a thickness of the first electrode layer in the edge region at least along the first direction to a thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region is less than or equal to 0.

2.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The thickness of the second electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction is smaller than the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region; Alternatively, the second electrode layer is not disposed in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that A ratio of a thickness of the second electrode layer in the edge region along the first direction and / or the second direction to a thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region is less than or equal to 0.

2.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that Along the first direction and / or the second direction, a width of the edge region is greater than or equal to 0.3 μm and less than or equal to 2000 μm.

7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the first electrode layer in the inner region is greater than or equal to 0.03 μm and less than or equal to 3 μm; And / or, the thickness of the second electrode layer in the inner region is greater than or equal to 0.03 μm and less than or equal to 2 μm.

8. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The perovskite solar cell includes a plurality of sub-battery units arranged along the second direction and connected in series; a plurality of insulating grooves arranged at intervals along the second direction are formed in the second electrode layer to separate portions of the second electrode layer corresponding to two adjacent sub-battery units; The first direction is parallel to a lengthwise extension direction of the sub-battery unit.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The second electrode layer is a transparent conductive layer; The perovskite solar cell further includes an edge metal grid line, which is arranged on an edge region of the second electrode layer on a side facing away from the cell functional layer and close to the edge region along the first direction.

10. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The second electrode layer is a transparent conductive layer; The perovskite solar cell further includes an edge metal grid line, which is arranged on an edge region of the second electrode layer on a side facing away from the cell functional layer and close to the edge region along the first direction.

11. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that Along the first direction, a distance between the edge metal grid line and a boundary along the first direction on a surface of the second electrode layer facing away from the battery functional layer is less than or equal to 5 mm; And / or, along the second direction, a distance between the edge metal grid line and a boundary along the first direction on a surface of the second electrode layer facing away from the battery functional layer is less than or equal to 5 mm.

12. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that In the case where the perovskite solar cell includes a plurality of sub-battery units, the edge metal grid line includes a plurality of metal grid line segments spaced apart along the second direction; two adjacent metal grid line segments included in the same edge metal grid line are separated by the insulating groove.

13. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein Along the second direction, the first electrode layer has a lead-out end; an end of the battery functional layer along the second direction and an end of the second electrode layer along the second direction are both retracted inwardly relative to the lead-out end of the first electrode layer.

14. A four-terminal stacked battery, characterized in that: include: A top cell and a bottom cell are stacked; the top cell is the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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