Tail gas treatment equipment and fuel cell system

Abstract

The utility model provides tail gas treatment equipment and a fuel cell system, the tail gas treatment equipment comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used for storing liquid hydrogen; the heat exchange assembly communicates with the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile, so that liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile flow into the heat exchange assembly, and tail gas flowing into the heat exchange assembly is cooled through the liquid hydrogen flowing into the heat exchange assembly; the problem that the temperature of the stack outlet tail gas of the fuel cell is difficult to reduce to an ideal temperature by using an air cooling mode in the prior art is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to fuel cell technical field, specifically, relate to a tail gas treatment equipment, fuel cell system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fuel cell as a kind of efficient, clean energy conversion device, has received more and more attention. Fuel cell converts the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy by electrochemical reaction, and its energy conversion efficiency is high, and pollution emission is low, is a very promising alternative energy technology.

[0003] Fuel cell stack in the process of running, cathode and anode will produce high-temperature water vapor, need to handle this part of water vapor, to avoid membrane electrode to be flooded, wherein, the temperature of the exhaust gas generated by the anode and cathode of the stack is crucial to ensure the performance and life of the stack, if the exhaust gas temperature is too high, it will cause the internal components of the stack to suffer huge thermal stress, if fuel cell stack is in high temperature and thermal stress for a long time, sensitive materials in the stack may accelerate aging due to material fatigue, thereby reducing the life of the stack;

[0004] In the prior art, the temperature of the exhaust gas generated by the cathode and the anode is generally reduced by air cooling, but since the temperature of the air depends on the temperature of the external environment, it is difficult to control, so it is difficult to reduce the exhaust gas temperature to the ideal temperature, thereby ensuring the life of the stack. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of tail gas treatment equipment, fuel cell system, to solve the problem that the exhaust gas temperature of the stack outlet of fuel cell is difficult to reduce to ideal temperature in prior art using air cooling.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, according to one aspect of the utility model, a tail gas treatment equipment is provided for cooling the exhaust gas discharged from the stack of a fuel cell system, the tail gas treatment equipment comprising:

[0007] Liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used to store liquid hydrogen;

[0008] Heat exchange assembly, the heat exchange assembly is respectively communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the exhaust gas outlet of the stack, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the exhaust gas outlet of the stack flow into the heat exchange assembly respectively, to cool the exhaust gas flowing into the heat exchange assembly by the liquid hydrogen flowing into the heat exchange assembly.

[0009] Further, the exhaust gas outlet includes anode outlet and cathode outlet, and the heat exchange assembly includes:

[0010] The first heat exchange unit has a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel, the inlet end of the first heat exchange channel is in communication with the anode outlet of the stack, and the inlet end of the second heat exchange channel is in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank in an on-off manner;

[0011] The second heat exchange unit has a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel, the inlet end of the third heat exchange channel is in communication with the cathode outlet of the stack, and the inlet end of the fourth heat exchange channel is in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank in an on-off manner.

[0012] Further, the tail gas treatment device further comprises:

[0013] The first on-off valve is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the second heat exchange channel;

[0014] The first gas pressure monitoring assembly is arranged at the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the stack to detect the first inlet gas pressure of the gas entering the stack from the anode inlet and the first outlet gas pressure of the gas discharged from the anode outlet;

[0015] The control module is in communication with the first on-off valve to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve according to the first inlet gas pressure and the first outlet gas pressure.

[0016] Further, the second on-off valve is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the fourth heat exchange channel;

[0017] The second gas pressure monitoring assembly is arranged at the cathode inlet and the cathode outlet of the stack to detect the second inlet gas pressure of the gas entering the stack from the cathode inlet and the second outlet gas pressure of the gas discharged from the cathode outlet;

[0018] The control module is further connected with the second on-off valve to control the opening degree of the second on-off valve according to the second inlet gas pressure and the second outlet gas pressure.

[0019] Further, the tail gas treatment device further comprises:

[0020] The second heat exchange channel is in communication with the inlet end of the gas hydrogen storage tank, the fourth heat exchange channel is in communication with the inlet end of the gas hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet end of the gas hydrogen storage tank is in communication with the inlet of the anode side of the stack;

[0021] The third on-off valve is arranged on the pipeline between the gas hydrogen storage tank and the inlet of the anode side of the stack.

[0022] Further, the tail gas treatment device further comprises:

[0023] The third heat exchange component has a relatively independent fifth heat exchange channel and a sixth heat exchange channel, the inlet end of the fifth heat exchange channel is communicated with the cooling water outlet of the stack, the outlet end of the fifth heat exchange channel is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell, the inlet end of the sixth heat exchange channel is communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank in an on-off manner, and the outlet end of the sixth heat exchange channel is communicated with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank.

[0024] The fourth on-off valve is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank.

[0025] Further, the tail gas treatment device further comprises:

[0026] The temperature detection assembly is arranged at the cathode outlet and the anode outlet, and is used for detecting the temperature of the tail gas flowing out from the cathode outlet and the anode outlet.

[0027] The control module is further connected with the first on-off valve and the second on-off valve respectively, so as to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve and the second on-off valve according to the tail gas temperature.

[0028] According to another aspect of the utility model, a kind of fuel cell system is provided, comprising stack, and the fuel cell system further comprises above-mentioned tail gas treatment device, and tail gas treatment device is matched with stack, to carry out cooling to the tail gas generated by stack.

[0029] According to another aspect of the utility model, a kind of tail gas treatment method is provided, and the tail gas treatment method comprises:

[0030] The inlet pressure and the exhaust pressure of the stack are obtained.

[0031] The pressure difference between the inlet pressure and the exhaust pressure is calculated.

[0032] The real-time liquid hydrogen flow from the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the heat exchange assembly is controlled according to the pressure difference.

[0033] Further, the step of controlling the real-time liquid hydrogen flow from the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the heat exchange assembly according to the pressure difference comprises:

[0034] The first inlet pressure of the anode inlet of the stack and the first exhaust pressure of the anode outlet are obtained, and the first real-time pressure difference between the two is calculated.

[0035] When the first real-time pressure difference is greater than the first set pressure, the flow of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the first heat exchange unit is increased to the first flow, so that the tail gas temperature of the anode outlet is reduced to the first temperature.

[0036] Further, the tail gas treatment method further comprises:

[0037] when the first real-time pressure difference is less than the first set pressure and greater than the second set pressure, controlling the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the second heat exchange unit to decrease to a second flow rate, so that the temperature of the tail gas at the anode outlet is increased to a second temperature.

[0038] Further, the tail gas treatment method further comprises:

[0039] obtaining a second inlet gas pressure and a second outlet gas pressure of a cathode inlet of the stack, and calculating a second real-time pressure difference between the two;

[0040] when the second real-time pressure difference is greater than the first set pressure, controlling the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the second heat exchange unit to increase to a first flow rate, so that the temperature of the tail gas at the cathode outlet is decreased to a first temperature.

[0041] Further, the tail gas treatment method further comprises:

[0042] when the second real-time pressure difference is less than the first set pressure and greater than the second set pressure, controlling the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the second heat exchange unit to decrease to a second flow rate, so that the temperature of the tail gas at the cathode outlet is increased to a second temperature.

[0043] The application also provides a tail gas treatment method suitable for the above-mentioned tail gas treatment device, comprising obtaining a real-time voltage and a real-time impedance of the stack, the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance being used to represent the water content state inside the stack;

[0044] controlling the real-time flow rate of the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the heat exchange assembly according to the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance.

[0045] Further, the step of controlling the real-time flow rate of the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the heat exchange assembly according to the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance comprises:

[0046] obtaining a flow rate prediction model;

[0047] obtaining a real-time voltage and a real-time impedance of an electrode region of the stack;

[0048] inputting the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance into the flow rate prediction model to obtain a real-time flow rate corresponding to the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance, and controlling the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to be delivered to the heat exchange assembly at the real-time flow rate to heat exchange the tail gas flowing out of the electrode outlet.

[0049] Further, the flow rate prediction model comprises an anode flow rate model corresponding to an anode region of the stack and a cathode flow rate model corresponding to a cathode region of the stack, so as to obtain the real-time flow rate by using the anode flow rate model and the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance of the anode region, or to obtain the real-time flow rate by using the cathode flow rate model and the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance of the cathode region.

[0050] Further, the step of obtaining the flow rate prediction model comprises:

[0051] obtaining a historical database, the historical database comprising real-time voltages and real-time impedances of the plurality of electrodes and historical flow rates corresponding to each of the real-time voltages and real-time impedances;

[0052] constructing an initial flow rate prediction model;

[0053] training the initial flow rate prediction model by taking the plurality of real-time voltages and real-time impedances as inputs and the historical flow rates corresponding to each of the real-time voltages and real-time impedances as outputs to obtain the flow rate prediction model.

[0054] The technical scheme of the utility model, the application is through design liquid hydrogen storage tank and heat exchange assembly, realize the effective cooling of fuel cell stack tail gas. Specifically, the system uses the extremely low temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen as a condensing medium, respectively, to the cathode and anode of fuel cell exhaust condensing treatment, significantly reduces the water vapor temperature and partial pressure in the tail gas, and then increases the water vapor concentration difference between the inside and outside of the stack, accelerates the evaporation and removal of liquid water in the stack, effectively solves the problem of waterlogging in the stack.

[0055] In addition, based on the liquid hydrogen supply tail gas condensing technology, the drawbacks of the traditional tail gas condensing system limited by the ambient temperature and the working temperature of the stack are solved, so that the fuel cell system can stably operate under a wider temperature condition, and the use time, mass power density and volume power density of the fuel cell power equipment are improved, thereby showing a significant competitive advantage in the high-power application field.

[0056] In summary, the tail gas treatment equipment provided by the application not only optimizes the water management ability of the fuel cell, improves the overall performance and service life of the stack, but also shows the ability to stably operate under different environmental temperatures, which provides key technical support for long-term, efficient and stable operation of high-power fuel cell power equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0057] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the present application, and together with the description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application and the explanation thereof serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application. In the drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 A system diagram of the tail gas treatment equipment of the embodiment of the application is shown.

[0059] Among them, the above drawings include the following reference signs:

[0060] 1, stack; 2, liquid hydrogen storage tank; 3, first heat exchange unit; 4, anode outlet; 5, second heat exchange unit; 6, cathode outlet; 7, first on-off valve; 8, second on-off valve; 9, gaseous hydrogen storage tank; 10, third on-off valve; 12, fourth on-off valve; 13, third heat exchange unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0062] Fuel cells, as a kind of efficient and clean energy conversion device, have attracted more and more attention. Fuel cells convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction, and have high energy conversion efficiency and low pollution emission, so they are a very promising alternative energy technology.

[0063] During the operation of the fuel cell stack, high-temperature water vapor is generated at the cathode and the anode, and this part of water vapor needs to be treated to avoid flooding of the membrane electrode. The temperature of the tail gas generated by the cathode and the anode of the stack is crucial to ensure the performance and service life of the stack. If the tail gas temperature is too high, the internal components of the stack will suffer from a huge thermal stress. If the fuel cell stack is in a high-temperature and thermal stress state for a long time, the sensitive materials in the stack may accelerate aging due to material fatigue, thereby reducing the service life of the stack.

[0064] In the prior art, the temperature of the tail gas generated by the cathode and the anode is generally reduced by air cooling. However, since the temperature of the air depends on the temperature of the external environment, it is difficult to control the temperature of the air, and thus it is difficult to reduce the temperature of the tail gas to an ideal temperature, thereby making it difficult to ensure the service life of the stack.

[0065] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a tail gas treatment device and a fuel cell system to solve the above problems.

[0066] Firstly, the present application provides a tail gas treatment device for reducing the temperature of the tail gas discharged from the stack 1 of a fuel cell system. The tail gas treatment device comprises:

[0067] A liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 for storing liquid hydrogen;

[0068] A heat exchange assembly in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the tail gas outlet of the stack 1, respectively, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the tail gas outlet of the stack 1 flow into the heat exchange assembly, respectively, to reduce the temperature of the tail gas flowing into the heat exchange assembly by the liquid hydrogen flowing into the heat exchange assembly.

[0069] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1As shown, in the present embodiment, the tail gas treatment device provided by the present application is used to cool the tail gas discharged by the stack 1 of the fuel cell system, which includes a cathode region and an anode region. During the operation of the fuel cell, the tail gas generated by the anode includes hydrogen and water vapor, and the tail gas generated by the cathode includes oxygen and water vapor, etc. The tail gas treatment device includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 for storing liquid hydrogen, and further includes a heat exchange assembly and a tail gas outlet of the stack 1 which respectively communicate with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2. The liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 can flow into the heat exchange assembly and exchange heat with the tail gas of the stack 1 flowing into the heat exchange assembly, so as to reduce the temperature of the tail gas of the stack 1, and the tail gas of the stack 1 after the temperature is reduced is discharged. The heat exchange assembly includes independent first and second heat exchange chambers. The liquid hydrogen flows into the first and second heat exchange chambers respectively and exchanges heat with the tail gas of the stack 1 in the first and second heat exchange chambers, so as to reduce the temperature of the tail gas of the stack 1, thereby realizing the reduction of the temperature difference between the inside of the stack 1 and the tail gas of the stack 1. The greater the temperature difference, the more conducive to the discharge of water in the stack 1.

[0070] In a fuel cell, the management of water is crucial because the water produced by the electrochemical reaction needs to be promptly discharged to avoid flooding, which affects the performance and life of the stack 1. The temperature inside the stack 1 is usually higher than the external environment temperature, resulting in a higher saturation vapor pressure of the internal water vapor. When the temperature of the anode and cathode tail gas is reduced, the saturation vapor pressure of the water vapor in the tail gas also decreases, thereby increasing the water vapor concentration gradient between the inside of the stack 1 and the external tail gas. According to the principle of mass transfer, molecules will diffuse from a high concentration area to a low concentration area, so a greater concentration difference will accelerate the diffusion of water from the inside of the stack 1 to the outside, promoting the effective discharge of water.

[0071] Reducing the temperature of the tail gas also promotes the condensation of liquid water at the outlet of the stack 1. When the temperature of the tail gas is lower than the saturation vapor temperature of water, the water vapor in the tail gas will condense into liquid water, which helps to collect and discharge water. Under the condition of high concentration difference, the condensation process is more effective, which can significantly reduce the accumulation of water in the stack 1.

[0072] A fuel cell generates a large amount of heat during operation, and good heat dissipation is necessary to maintain the normal working temperature of the stack 1 and avoid overheating. By condensing the tail gas, not only can the water be effectively removed, but also the stack 1 can be helped to dissipate heat, maintaining the stack 1 within the optimal working temperature range, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the stack 1.

[0073] At higher temperatures, the electrochemical reaction may produce some side effects, such as degradation of electrode materials, catalyst poisoning, etc. By reducing the temperature of the tail gas, it helps to maintain the stability of the internal temperature of the stack 1, reduces these side effects, thereby prolonging the service life of the stack 1.

[0074] The application realizes effective cooling of the tail gas of the fuel cell stack 1 by designing the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the heat exchange assembly. Specifically, the system uses the extremely low temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen as a condensing medium to condense the tail gas discharged by the cathode and anode of the fuel cell, significantly reducing the water vapor temperature and partial pressure in the tail gas, thereby increasing the water vapor concentration difference between the inside and outside of the fuel cell stack 1, accelerating the evaporation and removal of liquid water inside the fuel cell stack 1, and effectively solving the water flooding problem inside the fuel cell stack 1.

[0075] The first heat exchange chamber and the second heat exchange chamber in the tail gas treatment device are independently designed and correspond to the tail gas of the anode and the cathode respectively. This design not only avoids cross interference of gas flow and temperature, but also can accurately regulate the water management requirements of different areas. The introduction of liquid hydrogen not only provides a stable low-temperature cold source, but also reduces the heat dissipation consumption of the fuel cell stack 1 through effective heat exchange with the tail gas, improves the overall energy conversion efficiency and performance of the system, and reduces the performance inconsistency between the single cells inside the fuel cell stack 1 by at least 10% compared with the traditional system, and increases the battery life by more than 6%.

[0076] In addition, based on the liquid hydrogen supply tail gas condensing technology, the drawbacks of the traditional tail gas condensing system limited by the ambient temperature and the working temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 are solved, so that the fuel cell system can stably operate under a wider range of temperature conditions, and the use time, mass power density and volume power density of the fuel cell power equipment are improved, thereby showing a significant competitive advantage in high-power application fields.

[0077] In summary, the tail gas treatment device provided by the application not only optimizes the water management capability of the fuel cell, improves the overall performance and life of the fuel cell stack 1, but also shows the ability to stably operate under different ambient temperatures, providing key technical support for long-term, efficient and stable operation of high-power fuel cell power equipment.

[0078] Further, the tail gas outlet includes an anode outlet 4 and a cathode outlet 6, and the heat exchange assembly includes:

[0079] The first heat exchange unit 3 has a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel which are independent of each other, the inlet end of the first heat exchange channel is in communication with the anode outlet 4 of the fuel cell stack 1, and the inlet end of the second heat exchange channel is in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 in an on-off manner;

[0080] The second heat exchange unit 5 has a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel which are independent of each other, the inlet end of the third heat exchange channel is in communication with the cathode outlet 6 of the fuel cell stack 1, and the inlet end of the fourth heat exchange channel is in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 in an on-off manner.

[0081] Specifically, the tail gas outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 comprises a cathode outlet 6 and an anode outlet 4, and the heat exchange assembly comprises a first heat exchange unit 3 and a second heat exchange unit 5. The first heat exchange unit 3 has two independent heat exchange channels, i.e., a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel. The first heat exchange channel and the second heat exchange channel are located in a first heat exchange chamber. The inlet end of the first heat exchange channel is directly connected to the anode outlet 4 of the fuel cell stack 1, and the outlet end of the second heat exchange channel is connected to an external exhaust system. The inlet end of the second heat exchange channel is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 in an on-off manner. The second heat exchange unit 5 has a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel which are independent of each other. The third heat exchange channel and the fourth heat exchange channel are located in a second heat exchange chamber. The inlet end of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the cathode outlet 6 of the fuel cell stack 1, and the outlet end of the third heat exchange channel is connected to the external exhaust system. The inlet end of the fourth heat exchange channel is also connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 in an on-off manner.

[0082] The application significantly reduces the temperature of the anode and cathode tail gas through the condensation effect of liquid hydrogen, increases the water vapor concentration difference between the inside and outside of the fuel cell stack 1, accelerates the removal of water in the fuel cell stack 1, solves the water flooding problem commonly found in traditional fuel cell systems, and improves the water management capability of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0083] The optimized water management capability ensures that the water in the fuel cell stack 1 is in an ideal state, reduces the problem of inconsistent performance of individual cells in the fuel cell stack 1 caused by uneven water distribution, improves the overall output power and energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1, avoids damage to the fuel cell stack 1 caused by both water flooding and water shortage, and extends the service life of the fuel cell stack 1, thereby increasing the operation time and economy of the fuel cell system as a whole. Moreover, using liquid hydrogen as a cold source and through the design of a double-channel heat exchanger, the heat management part of the fuel cell system is simplified, the need for additional cooling equipment is reduced, the system cost and complexity are reduced, and the introduction of liquid hydrogen not only provides efficient cooling but also reduces the risk of hydrogen leakage to some extent because low temperature can reduce the diffusion rate of gaseous hydrogen, thereby enhancing the safety of the system.

[0084] Further, the tail gas treatment device further comprises: a first on-off valve 7 arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the second heat exchange channel;

[0085] a second on-off valve 8 arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the fourth heat exchange channel;

[0086] a liquid level detection component arranged in the fuel cell stack 1 to detect the water level of the electrode area in the fuel cell stack 1;

[0087] The control module is connected with the first on-off valve 7, the second on-off valve 8 and the liquid level detection component, so as to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 according to the detection result of the liquid level detection component.

[0088] Specifically, the first on-off valve 7 is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the second heat exchange channel (i.e. the anode tail gas heat exchanger), for controlling the supply of liquid hydrogen to the anode tail gas heat exchanger; the second on-off valve 8 is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the fourth heat exchange channel (i.e. the cathode tail gas heat exchanger), for controlling the supply of liquid hydrogen to the cathode tail gas heat exchanger; a liquid level detection component is further arranged in the electrode area of the stack 1, which can be a capacitive liquid level sensor or a differential pressure liquid level meter, for monitoring the water level in the stack 1 in real time, providing accurate water flooding state information; a control module is arranged, which can be connected with the first on-off valve 7, the second on-off valve 8 and the liquid level detection component. The control module can receive the detection result of the liquid level detection component, automatically adjust the opening degree of the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8, control the supply amount of liquid hydrogen, and further adjust the condensation temperature of the anode and cathode tail gas and the water removal rate.

[0089] Through the introduction of the liquid level detection component and the control module, the tail gas treatment equipment can automatically and in real time adjust the supply amount of liquid hydrogen, significantly improving the management ability of the system to the water flooding phenomenon, reducing the manual intervention, and improving the automation level of the tail gas treatment equipment.

[0090] Accurate water level control can avoid the performance degradation of the stack 1 caused by water flooding, ensure that the water in the stack 1 is in an optimal state, and thus improve the reaction efficiency and overall performance of the fuel cell.

[0091] Real-time monitoring of the water level in the stack 1 and timely adjustment of the supply of liquid hydrogen effectively prevent the damage to the internal structure of the stack 1 caused by high water level, and increase the safety of the system.

[0092] By avoiding water flooding, the performance inconsistency between the single cells in the stack 1 is reduced, the maintenance demand of the battery is reduced, and thus the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.

[0093] Automatic water level control reduces the operation complexity of the user, improves the user friendliness of the system, and makes the water-cooled fuel cell system more easy to manage and maintain.

[0094] Further, the tail gas treatment equipment further comprises:

[0095] The first on-off valve 7 is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the second heat exchange channel;

[0096] The first gas pressure monitoring component is arranged at the anode inlet and the anode outlet 4 of the stack 1 to detect the first inlet gas pressure of the gas entering into the stack 1 from the anode inlet and the first outlet gas pressure of the gas discharged from the anode outlet 4.

[0097] The second on-off valve 8 is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the fourth heat exchange channel.

[0098] The second gas pressure monitoring component is arranged at the cathode inlet and the cathode outlet 6 of the stack 1 to detect the second inlet gas pressure of the gas entering into the stack 1 from the cathode inlet and the second outlet gas pressure of the gas discharged from the cathode outlet 6.

[0099] The control module is connected with the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 respectively to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 according to the first inlet gas pressure, the first outlet gas pressure, the second inlet gas pressure and the second outlet gas pressure respectively.

[0100] Specifically, the first on-off valve 7 is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the second heat exchange channel, and the first gas pressure monitoring component is arranged at the anode inlet and the anode outlet 4 of the stack 1. Specifically, the first gas pressure monitoring component comprises a first gas pressure monitoring member arranged at the anode inlet of the stack 1 and a second gas pressure monitoring member arranged at the anode outlet 4 of the stack 1. The first gas pressure monitoring member is used to detect the first inlet gas pressure of the gas entering into the stack 1 from the anode inlet and the first outlet gas pressure of the gas discharged from the anode outlet 4. The second on-off valve 8 is arranged between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the fourth heat exchange channel. The second gas pressure component is arranged at the cathode inlet and the cathode outlet 6 of the stack 1. Specifically, the second gas pressure component comprises a third gas pressure member arranged at the cathode inlet of the stack 1 and a fourth gas pressure member arranged at the cathode outlet 6 of the stack 1. The third gas pressure member is used to detect the second inlet gas pressure of the gas entering into the stack 1 from the cathode inlet. The fourth gas pressure member is used to detect the second outlet gas pressure of the gas discharged from the cathode outlet 6. The tail gas treatment device further comprises a control module connected with the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8. The control module can control the opening degree of the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 according to the first inlet gas pressure, the first outlet gas pressure, the second inlet gas pressure and the second outlet gas pressure respectively, so as to control the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen entering into the heat exchange assembly. In the process of operation, the liquid hydrogen enters into the second heat exchange channel and the fourth heat exchange channel through the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 respectively, exchanges heat with the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas, reduces the temperature of the tail gas, promotes the condensation and removal of water, and the control module dynamically adjusts the opening degree of the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 according to the real-time monitored gas pressure data (the first inlet gas pressure, the first outlet gas pressure, the second inlet gas pressure and the second outlet gas pressure), so as to ensure that the water removal rate of the stack 1 matches the system demand under different working conditions, avoid water accumulation, and improve the performance of the stack 1.

[0101] The application can timely respond and adjust the working state by monitoring the air pressure and adjusting the liquid hydrogen flow in real time, avoid the safety hidden danger caused by too high pressure, and improve the operation safety of the whole fuel cell system.

[0102] Further, the tail gas treatment device further comprises:

[0103] The outlet end of the second heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9, the outlet end of the fourth heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9, and the outlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9 is connected with the inlet of the anode side of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0104] The third on-off valve 10 is arranged on the pipeline between the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9 and the inlet of the anode side of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0105] Specifically, the tail gas treatment device further comprises the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9 for storing and providing hydrogen, the outlet end of the second heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9, the outlet end of the fourth heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9, and the outlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9 is connected with the inlet of the anode side of the fuel cell stack 1, so as to introduce hydrogen into the anode side and generate electrochemical reaction, by arranging the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9, the hydrogen formed after heat exchange (hydrogen is formed after heat exchange of liquid hydrogen, anode tail gas and cathode tail gas) can be stored, and the operation of the user can also be responded, the third on-off valve 10 is arranged to control the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9 to start or stop introducing hydrogen into the anode side of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0106] Further, the tail gas treatment device further comprises:

[0107] The third heat exchange component 13 has a relatively independent fifth heat exchange channel and a sixth heat exchange channel, the inlet end of the fifth heat exchange channel is connected with the outlet of the cooling water of the fuel cell stack 1, the outlet end of the fifth heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet of the cooling water of the fuel cell, the inlet end of the sixth heat exchange channel is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 in a switchable manner, and the outlet end of the sixth heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9; the fourth on-off valve 12 is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9.

[0108] Specifically, the tail gas treatment device further comprises a third heat exchange component 13, the third heat exchange component 13 has a relatively independent fifth heat exchange channel and a sixth heat exchange channel, wherein the inlet end of the fifth heat exchange channel is in communication with the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1, the outlet end of the fifth heat exchange channel is in communication with the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell, the inlet end of the sixth heat exchange channel is in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 in an on-off manner, and the outlet end of the sixth heat exchange channel is in communication with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9. By providing the third heat exchange component 13, the cooling water generated inside the stack 1 can be heat exchanged to reduce the temperature of the cooling water generated during the operation of the fuel cell, and the cooling water after heat exchange can be continuously delivered to the inside of the stack 1 for recycling. The liquid hydrogen is formed into hydrogen gas after heat exchange with the hot cooling water flowing out of the cooling water outlet of the stack 1, and the formed hydrogen gas is delivered to the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9 for storage. At the same time, a fourth on-off valve 12 is further provided between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank 9, so as to respond to the operation of the user at any time to supply the fuel cell to generate electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy.

[0109] Further, the tail gas treatment device further comprises:

[0110] a temperature detection assembly, the temperature detection assembly is arranged at the cathode outlet 6 and the anode outlet 4, and is used for detecting the temperature of the tail gas flowing out of the cathode outlet 6 and the anode outlet 4;

[0111] a control module, the control module is further connected with the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 respectively, so as to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 according to the temperature of the tail gas.

[0112] Specifically, in the embodiment, the tail gas treatment device further comprises a temperature detection assembly arranged at the cathode outlet 6 and the anode outlet 4, specifically comprising a first temperature detection component and a second temperature detection component, the first temperature detection component is used for detecting the temperature of the tail gas flowing out of the cathode outlet 6, and the second temperature detection component is used for detecting the temperature of the tail gas flowing out of the anode outlet 4. The control module is connected with the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 respectively, so as to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 according to the temperature of the tail gas, and indirectly control the flow of the liquid hydrogen entering the heat exchange assembly.

[0113] By adding first and second temperature detection members at the cathode outlet 6 and the anode outlet 4, real-time monitoring of the tail gas temperature is achieved. Combined with the precise control of the control module on the first and second on-off valves 7 and 8, the valve opening can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual temperature change of the tail gas, thereby indirectly controlling the liquid hydrogen flow into the heat exchange assembly. This control strategy not only ensures that the cathode and anode tail gas temperatures remain within the optimal set value range during the operation of the fuel cell system, significantly improves the condensation effect and water management capability of the tail gas, but also effectively avoids the problem of unstable condensation effect caused by poor stability of the cold source temperature and poor flow control in traditional systems. By precisely regulating the condensation process, liquid water inside the stack 1 can be more efficiently removed, waterlogging phenomenon can be avoided, and the performance consistency between the cathode and anode single sheets can be optimized, thereby significantly improving the overall output power and operating life of the battery, reducing the heat dissipation consumption of the stack 1 by at least 10%, increasing the overall performance of the battery by at least 6%, and increasing the battery life by at least 5%. In addition, the system complexity and cost are also optimized in this embodiment, and the demand for complex sensors and actuators is reduced through a simple and effective temperature and flow control strategy, making the tail gas condensation fuel cell system based on liquid hydrogen supply more reliable and economical in actual application.

[0114] The application also provides a fuel cell system comprising a stack 1, and the fuel cell system further comprises the above-mentioned tail gas treatment device, which cooperates with the stack 1 to cool the tail gas generated by the stack 1.

[0115] The application also provides a tail gas treatment method suitable for the above-mentioned tail gas treatment device, which comprises:

[0116] Obtaining the inlet pressure and the exhaust pressure of the stack 1;

[0117] Calculating the pressure difference between the inlet pressure and the exhaust pressure;

[0118] Controlling the real-time liquid hydrogen flow from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 into the heat exchange assembly according to the pressure difference.

[0119] Specifically, by obtaining the inlet pressure and the exhaust pressure of the stack 1 and calculating the pressure difference between them, the real-time liquid hydrogen flow from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 into the heat exchange assembly can be controlled according to the pressure difference, and the change of the pressure difference directly reflects the accumulation of water in the stack 1. When the water in the cathode and anode increases, the airflow passage is blocked, and the pressure difference increases. By adjusting the liquid hydrogen flow, the condensation degree of the tail gas can be precisely controlled, thereby accelerating the removal of water in the stack 1 and avoiding waterlogging caused by excessive water, and ensuring the water balance in the stack 1.

[0120] This helps to improve the stability of the stack 1, prolong its service life, and the liquid hydrogen as a very cold source can significantly reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the stack 1, increase the water vapor concentration difference inside and outside the battery, and optimize the thermal management of the fuel cell.

[0121] In the case of slight waterlogging, moderately increasing the liquid hydrogen flow can effectively condense the water in the exhaust gas, reduce heat energy loss, and improve energy conversion efficiency.

[0122] In the case of severe waterlogging, further increasing the liquid hydrogen flow increases the condensation intensity, not only solving the waterlogging problem, but also significantly reducing the heat dissipation consumption of the stack 1, improving the overall system efficiency, and the control strategy based on the real-time pressure difference enables the system to quickly respond to changes in the waterlogging degree inside the stack 1, and adjust the liquid hydrogen flow in real time, ensuring the optimal operating state of the system under different working conditions.

[0123] This dynamic adjustment capability helps the fuel cell system to maintain high efficiency and stability in complex and variable working environments. By monitoring the pressure difference, the problem of abnormal accumulation of water in the stack 1 can be detected early, and measures can be taken in time to avoid performance degradation or failure of the stack 1 due to excessive water. In addition, reasonable control of liquid hydrogen flow also avoids potential safety hazards such as supercooling and overpressure that may be caused by excessive use of liquid hydrogen, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire system.

[0124] Further, the step of controlling the real-time liquid hydrogen flow from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the heat exchange assembly based on the pressure difference comprises:

[0125] Obtaining the first inlet pressure of the anode inlet of the stack 1 and the first outlet pressure of the anode outlet 4, and calculating the first real-time pressure difference between the two;

[0126] When the first real-time pressure difference is greater than the first set pressure, the flow of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the first heat exchange unit 3 is increased to the first flow, so that the exhaust gas temperature at the anode outlet 4 is reduced to the first temperature;

[0127] When the first real-time pressure difference is less than the first set pressure and greater than the second set pressure, the flow of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the first heat exchange unit 3 is reduced to the second flow, so that the exhaust gas temperature at the anode outlet 4 is increased to the second temperature.

[0128] Specifically, the first inlet pressure and the first outlet pressure are obtained, and a first real-time pressure difference between the two is calculated. When the first real-time pressure difference is greater than a first set pressure, it is determined that the fuel cell is in a serious water flooding state, and the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the first heat exchange unit 3 is increased from the current flow rate to a first flow rate to reduce the exhaust gas temperature at the cathode outlet 6 to a first temperature to quickly remove water in the fuel cell. When it is determined that the first real-time pressure difference is less than the first set pressure and greater than a second set pressure, it is determined that the fuel cell is in a slight water flooding state, and the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the first heat exchange unit 3 is reduced from the current flow rate to a second flow rate to slow down the water removal efficiency in the fuel cell.

[0129] Further, the exhaust gas treatment method further comprises:

[0130] The second inlet pressure and the second outlet pressure of the cathode inlet of the stack 1 are obtained, and a second real-time pressure difference between the two is calculated.

[0131] When the second real-time pressure difference is greater than the first set pressure, the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the second heat exchange unit 5 is increased to the first flow rate to reduce the exhaust gas temperature at the cathode outlet 6 to the first temperature.

[0132] When it is determined that the second real-time pressure difference is less than the first set pressure and greater than the second set pressure, the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the second heat exchange unit 5 is reduced to the second flow rate to increase the exhaust gas temperature at the cathode outlet 6 to the second temperature.

[0133] Specifically, the exhaust gas treatment method further comprises: obtaining the second inlet pressure and the second outlet pressure of the cathode inlet of the stack 1, and calculating a second real-time pressure difference between the two. When the second real-time pressure difference is greater than the first set pressure, it is determined that the fuel cell is in a serious water flooding state, and the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the second heat exchange unit 5 is increased from the current flow rate to a first flow rate to quickly reduce the exhaust gas temperature at the cathode outlet 6 to a first temperature to quickly remove water in the fuel cell. When it is determined that the second real-time pressure difference is less than the first set pressure and greater than the second set pressure, the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the second heat exchange unit 5 is reduced from the current flow rate to a second flow rate to slow down the water removal efficiency in the fuel cell.

[0134] The application can accurately determine the flooding state of the fuel cell by monitoring the inlet and outlet pressures of the anode and cathode of the fuel cell in real time and calculating the real-time pressure difference. When a serious flooding state is detected, the system can quickly respond by increasing the delivery flow rate of liquid hydrogen to the heat exchange unit, effectively reducing the tail gas temperature to a set first temperature, accelerating the evaporation and removal of liquid water inside the stack 1, thereby avoiding the performance degradation and potential damage of the stack 1 caused by flooding. On the contrary, in the case of slight flooding, the system can reduce the liquid hydrogen flow rate to a second flow rate to maintain a moderate wetting inside the stack 1, avoid the impact of excessive drying on the performance of the stack 1, and slow down the water removal, save liquid hydrogen resources, and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0135] Through the above precise control strategy, the application not only solves the shortcomings of traditional fuel cell systems in water management, but also realizes online dynamic adjustment of the water state of the stack 1, ensures stable and efficient operation of the fuel cell under different working conditions, significantly improves the performance and service life of the fuel cell, and reduces the energy consumption and maintenance cost of the system.

[0136] The application also provides a tail gas treatment method, which comprises: obtaining the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance of the stack 1, and the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance are used to represent the water content state inside the stack 1.

[0137] According to the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance, the real-time liquid hydrogen flow rate flowing from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the heat exchange assembly is controlled.

[0138] Specifically, the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance of the stack 1 can be obtained by the battery management system, and the real-time liquid hydrogen flow rate flowing from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the heat exchange assembly is controlled according to the size of the real-time voltage and the real-time impedance.

[0139] The battery management system (BMS) can monitor the real-time voltage and real-time impedance of the stack 1, and the changes of the real-time voltage and real-time impedance are directly related to the water content inside the stack 1. Under normal working conditions, the real-time voltage and real-time impedance of the stack 1 are relatively stable and in a steady state, while when there is too much or too little water inside, these parameters will change significantly, suddenly rising or falling sharply. Therefore, by monitoring the real-time voltage and real-time impedance, the flooding or drying phenomenon inside the stack can be found in time, so that appropriate measures can be taken. The control of the real-time liquid hydrogen flow is based on the dynamic changes of the water content inside the stack 1. When it is monitored that the water content inside the stack 1 is too high, the system will automatically increase the flow of liquid hydrogen, accelerate the condensation of tail gas through the coldness of liquid hydrogen, promote the removal of water, prevent the flooding of the stack, and ensure the normal operation of the stack. Conversely, when the water content is too low, the liquid hydrogen flow is reduced to avoid excessive cooling and maintain the appropriate humidity inside the stack to prevent drying. By accurately controlling the flow of liquid hydrogen, unnecessary energy loss can be avoided, and the overall energy use efficiency of the system can be improved. At the same time, effective management of the water content inside the stack can reduce the performance degradation and shortening of the service life of the stack caused by flooding or drying, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the fuel cell system.

[0140] Further, the step of controlling the real-time liquid hydrogen flow from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to the heat exchange assembly according to the real-time voltage and real-time impedance includes:

[0141] obtaining a flow prediction model;

[0142] obtaining the real-time voltage and real-time impedance of the electrode area of the stack 1;

[0143] inputting the real-time voltage and real-time impedance into the flow prediction model to obtain the real-time flow corresponding to the real-time voltage and real-time impedance, and controlling the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2 to be delivered to the heat exchange assembly at the real-time flow to exchange heat with the tail gas flowing out of the electrode outlet;

[0144] The flow prediction model includes an anode flow model corresponding to the anode area of the stack 1 and a cathode flow model corresponding to the cathode area of the stack 1, so as to obtain the real-time flow by using the anode flow model and the real-time voltage and real-time impedance of the anode area, or by using the cathode flow model and the real-time voltage and real-time impedance of the cathode area.

[0145] Specifically, the cathode flow model and the anode flow model corresponding to the cathode and the anode respectively are obtained, and the real-time voltage and real-time impedance of the cathode area and the anode area are obtained, and the real-time voltage and real-time impedance are input into the cathode flow model and the anode flow model to obtain the real-time flow corresponding to the real-time voltage and real-time impedance, and the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is input into the heat exchange assembly at the real-time flow, and the tail gas flowing out of the cathode and anode outlets 4 is exchanged.

[0146] Further, the step of obtaining the flow rate prediction model comprises: obtaining a historical database, the historical database comprising historical voltages and historical impedances of a plurality of electrode regions, and historical flow rates corresponding to each historical voltage and historical impedance;

[0147] constructing an initial flow rate prediction model;

[0148] training the initial flow rate prediction model with the plurality of historical voltages and historical impedances as input and the historical flow rate corresponding to each historical voltage and historical impedance as output to obtain the flow rate prediction model.

[0149] Specifically, the step of obtaining the flow rate prediction model comprises: obtaining a historical database, the historical database comprising historical voltages and historical impedances of anode and cathode regions, and historical flow rates corresponding to each historical voltage and historical impedance, constructing an initial flow rate prediction model, and training the initial flow rate prediction model with the plurality of historical voltages and historical impedances as input and the historical flow rate corresponding to each historical voltage and historical impedance as output to obtain the flow rate prediction model.

[0150] By constructing and training the flow rate prediction model, the required flow rate can be accurately predicted according to the historical voltages and historical impedances of the cathode region and the anode region, and precise control of water removal inside the stack can be achieved. This precise control can avoid water management problems caused by improper flow rate adjustment, such as insufficient or excessive water removal, ensuring that the stack operates under the most suitable water conditions, thereby improving its performance and stability; the use of the historical database enables the system to learn and adapt to the best flow rate adjustment strategy under different working conditions, automatically adjusting the flow rate according to the operating state of the stack without human intervention. This intelligent optimization can reduce the risk of water flooding inside the stack and improve the operating efficiency and life of the stack; the flow rate prediction model can quickly respond when changes in historical voltages and historical impedances are detected in real time, adjusting the flow rate. This rapid response capability is crucial for fuel cell systems, as it can immediately address water accumulation problems, prevent sudden performance degradation of the stack, and ensure continuous and stable operation of the system; since the flow rate control is more precise, unnecessary liquid hydrogen consumption can be reduced, thereby reducing energy waste. This is of great significance for improving the overall energy efficiency of the fuel cell system and reducing operating costs.

[0151] thereby reducing energy waste. This is of great significance for improving the overall energy efficiency of the fuel cell system and reducing operating costs.

[0152] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0153] The relative arrangement of parts and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present application unless otherwise specifically stated. It is to be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale of the various parts shown in the drawings. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill are not discussed in detail because they would be understood that such techniques, methods, and apparatus are considered part of the art. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values are to be interpreted as merely illustrative and not limiting. Thus, other examples of example embodiments can have different values. It is noted that like numbers and letters on the figures identify like parts throughout the several views, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it is not necessary to discuss it further in connection with other figures where it is understood that the item will be similarly constructed and function in the same manner.

[0154] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientation words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" and the like indicated orientation or position relationship is usually based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, without making the opposite statement, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application; the orientation words "inner, outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the contour of each component.

[0155] For purposes of the description hereinafter, spatial

[0156] In addition, it should be noted that the use of the terms "first", "second", etc., to describe a component having a defined property is only intended to distinguish between that component and another component having a different defined property, and is not otherwise intended to limit the scope of the present application unless otherwise indicated. Thus, use of the term "first" to describe a component is intended to connote that the component is at least the first component to be described in the description that has the defined property and is not intended to connote that the component is necessarily the first component to be described in the description that has the defined property.

[0157] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with the intent to enable those skilled in the art to make and use it. Various modifications to these embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and are intended to be encompassed by the description. The structures and devices presented herein are shown in example forms that can be modified in various particulars based on a specific implementation. Accordingly, no limitation is intended to the details of operation or to the exact components illustrated. It is therefore clear that the application is not limited to the examples described above. It is therefore clear that the application is not limited to the examples described above.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus for reducing the temperature of exhaust gas discharged from an electric pile (1) of a fuel cell system, characterized by comprising: The tail gas treatment device comprises: a liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) for storing liquid hydrogen; a heat exchange assembly in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and the tail gas outlet of the fuel cell stack (1) respectively, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and the tail gas outlet of the fuel cell stack (1) flow into the heat exchange assembly respectively, and the tail gas flowing into the heat exchange assembly is cooled by the liquid hydrogen flowing into the heat exchange assembly.

2. The exhaust treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The tail gas outlet comprises an anode outlet (4) and a cathode outlet (6), and the heat exchange assembly comprises: a first heat exchange unit (3) having a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel which are independent of each other, the inlet end of the first heat exchange channel being in communication with the anode outlet (4), and the inlet end of the second heat exchange channel being in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) in an on-off manner.

3. The exhaust treatment device of claim 2, wherein, The heat exchange assembly further comprises: a second heat exchange unit (5) having a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel which are independent of each other, the inlet end of the third heat exchange channel being in communication with the cathode outlet (6), and the inlet end of the fourth heat exchange channel being in communication with the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) in an on-off manner.

4. The exhaust treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The tail gas treatment device further comprises: a first on-off valve (7) arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and the second heat exchange channel; a first gas pressure monitoring assembly arranged at the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) and the anode outlet (4) to detect the first inlet gas pressure of the gas entering the fuel cell stack (1) from the anode inlet and the first outlet gas pressure of the gas discharged from the anode outlet (4); a control module connected with the first on-off valve (7) to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve (7) according to the first inlet gas pressure and the first outlet gas pressure.

5. The exhaust treatment device of claim 4, wherein, The tail gas treatment device further comprises: a second on-off valve (8) arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and the fourth heat exchange channel; a second gas pressure monitoring assembly arranged at the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) and the cathode outlet (6) to detect the second inlet gas pressure of the gas entering the fuel cell stack (1) from the cathode inlet and the second outlet gas pressure of the gas discharged from the cathode outlet (6); The control module is further connected with the second on-off valve (8) to control the opening degree of the second on-off valve (8) according to the second inlet gas pressure and the second outlet gas pressure.

6. The exhaust treatment device of claim 5, wherein, The tail gas treatment device further comprises: a gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9), the outlet end of the second heat exchange channel being in communication with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9), and the outlet end of the fourth heat exchange channel being in communication with the inlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9), and the outlet end of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9) being in communication with the anode side inlet of the fuel cell stack (1); a third on-off valve (10) arranged on the pipeline between the gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9) and the anode side inlet of the fuel cell stack (1).

7. The exhaust treatment device of claim 6, wherein, The tail gas treatment device further comprises: A third heat exchange component (13) having a fifth heat exchange channel and a sixth heat exchange channel, the fifth heat exchange channel having an inlet end connected to the outlet of the cooling water of the fuel cell stack (1) and an outlet end connected to the inlet of the cooling water of the fuel cell stack (1), the sixth heat exchange channel having an inlet end connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and an outlet end connected to the inlet of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9); A fourth on-off valve (12) arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9).

8. The exhaust treatment apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The exhaust gas treatment device further comprises: A temperature detection assembly arranged at the cathode outlet (6) and the anode outlet (4) for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out of the cathode outlet (6) and the anode outlet (4); A control module further connected to the first on-off valve (7) and the second on-off valve (8) respectively to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve (7) and the second on-off valve (8) according to the temperature of the exhaust gas.

9. The exhaust treatment device of claim 8, wherein, The temperature detection assembly comprises: A first temperature detection member arranged at the cathode outlet (6); A second temperature detection member arranged at the anode outlet (4).

10. A fuel cell system comprising an electrical stack (1), characterised in that The fuel cell system further comprises the exhaust gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is matched with the fuel cell stack (1) to cool the exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell stack (1). A third heat exchange component (13) having a fifth heat exchange channel and a sixth heat exchange channel, the fifth heat exchange channel having an inlet end connected to the outlet of the cooling water of the fuel cell stack (1) and an outlet end connected to the inlet of the cooling water of the fuel cell stack (1), the sixth heat exchange channel having an inlet end connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and an outlet end connected to the inlet of the gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9); A fourth on-off valve (12) arranged on the pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (2) and the gaseous hydrogen storage tank (9). The exhaust gas treatment device further comprises: A temperature detection assembly arranged at the cathode outlet (6) and the anode outlet (4) for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out of the cathode outlet (6) and the anode outlet (4); A control module further connected to the first on-off valve (7) and the second on-off valve (8) respectively to control the opening degree of the first on-off valve (7) and the second on-off valve (8) according to the temperature of the exhaust gas. The temperature detection assembly comprises: A first temperature detection member arranged at the cathode outlet (6); A second temperature detection member arranged at the anode outlet (4). The fuel cell system further comprises the exhaust gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is matched with the fuel cell stack (1) to cool the exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell stack (1).

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