High-altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system, fuel cell and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system, a fuel cell and a vehicle, the system comprises an electric pile, an intercooling humidifier, an air supply module, an oxygen supply module, a mixed supply module and a control module, the air supply module and the oxygen supply module are both communicated with an inlet of the mixed supply module; mixed gas of the mixed supply module enters an electric pile after passing through an intercooling humidifier; the oxygen supply module comprises a liquid oxygen storage device, a gasification device, a buffer tank, an oxygen pressure reducing valve and a proportional electromagnetic valve, the liquid oxygen storage device, the gasification device, the buffer tank, the oxygen pressure reducing valve and the proportional electromagnetic valve in the oxygen supply module are communicated in sequence, and an outlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve is communicated with an inlet of the mixed supply module; and the control module is electrically connected with the proportional electromagnetic valve. Therefore, the problem that the capacity of an air compressor is limited due to the fact that oxygen in air is rarefied when an existing fuel cell runs in a high-altitude area is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to fuel cell technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of high-altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system, fuel cell and vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a clean energy, has the characteristics of high fuel heat value and no pollutant emission. Hydrogen fuel cell, as a hydrogen energy utilization method, has the advantage of high energy conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, it is convenient to obtain fuel during operation, and the supplement time is short. Only water is generated during the reaction process, which is friendly to the environment. The fuel cell intake system, as an important component system of new energy fuel cell vehicle, its output capacity is directly related to the power performance and safety performance of the whole vehicle. The most critical one is the operating stability of the fuel cell.

[0003] During the operation of the fuel cell, the cathode operating conditions of the stack are very sensitive, especially the air pressure and excess air coefficient parameters. When the fuel cell operates under high power conditions, its performance is greatly affected by diffusion polarization. However, when the fuel cell operates in high-altitude areas, due to the problem of oxygen thinning in the air and the limitation of air compressor capacity, the oxygen partial pressure of the cathode flow field of the fuel cell is low, the diffusion effect of oxygen is reduced, which can cause the cathode of the stack to be short of air and the single-phase voltage to be too low, thereby causing the output power of the fuel cell to decrease. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the problem of oxygen thinning in the air and the limitation of air compressor capacity when the existing fuel cell operates in high-altitude areas, the utility model provides a kind of high-altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system.

[0005] In the first aspect, the utility model provides a kind of high-altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system, including: stack, middle cold humidifier, air supply module, oxygen supply module, mixed supply module and control module, air supply module and oxygen supply module are all communicated with the inlet of mixed supply module, and the mixed gas of mixed supply module enters stack after passing through middle cold humidifier;

[0006] The oxygen supply module includes a liquid oxygen storage device, a gasification device, a buffer tank, an oxygen pressure reducing valve and a proportional electromagnetic valve. The outlet of the liquid oxygen storage device is communicated with the inlet of the gasification device. The outlet of the gasification device is communicated with the inlet of the buffer tank. The outlet of the buffer tank is communicated with the inlet of the oxygen pressure reducing valve. The outlet of the oxygen pressure reducing valve is communicated with the inlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve. The outlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve is communicated with the inlet of the mixed supply module. The control module is electrically connected with the proportional electromagnetic valve.

[0007] In some embodiments, the air supply module comprises an air inlet flat tube, an air filter and a first pressure sensor, an outlet of the air inlet flat tube is communicated with an inlet of the air filter, an outlet of the air filter is communicated with an inlet of the mixed supply module, and the first pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the air filter.

[0008] In some embodiments, the oxygen supply module further comprises a second pressure sensor, and the second pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the proportional electromagnetic valve.

[0009] In some embodiments, the mixed supply module comprises a mixing cavity and an air compressor, an inlet of the mixing cavity is respectively communicated with an outlet of the air filter and an outlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve, an outlet of the mixing cavity is communicated with an inlet of the air compressor, and an outlet of the air compressor is communicated with an inlet of the intercooler humidifier.

[0010] In some embodiments, the mixed supply module further comprises an oxygen concentration sensor and a flow sensor, the oxygen concentration sensor is arranged inside the mixing cavity, and the flow sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the air compressor.

[0011] In some embodiments, the control module comprises a power domain controller, and the power domain controller is electrically connected with the proportional electromagnetic valve, the first pressure sensor, the oxygen concentration sensor and the flow sensor respectively.

[0012] In some embodiments, the gasification device has a vaporization unit and a liquefaction unit, the liquefaction unit is used for heat exchange with the vaporization unit, an inlet of the vaporization unit is communicated with an outlet of the liquid oxygen storage device, and an outlet of the vaporization unit is communicated with an inlet of the buffer tank.

[0013] In some embodiments, the gasification device further comprises a stack waste heat recovery gasification module, the stack waste heat recovery gasification module has a stack heat exchange device, a circulating water pump and a temperature control device, cooling liquid inside the stack heat exchange device is used for water cooling heat dissipation of the stack, the cooling liquid of the stack heat exchange device enters the temperature control device after passing through the circulating water pump, an outlet of the temperature control device is communicated with an inlet of the liquefaction unit, and an outlet of the liquefaction unit is communicated with an inlet of the stack heat exchange device.

[0014] The temperature control device is used for temperature adjustment of the cooling liquid flowing into the circulating water pump.

[0015] In another aspect, the utility model provides a kind of fuel cell, comprising: high altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system as described above.

[0016] In a third aspect, the utility model provides a kind of vehicle, comprising: fuel cell as described above.

[0017] In order to solve the problem of air compressor capacity limitation due to the thin oxygen in the air when the existing fuel cell is operated in high altitude area, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] Through the technical scheme of the utility model, the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage device is completed vaporization by the vaporization device and enters the buffer tank, at this time the buffer tank is high pressure gaseous oxygen, the high pressure gaseous oxygen is decompressed to low pressure state through the oxygen decompression valve, enters the cathode of the electric pile through the proportional electromagnetic valve, improves the excess air coefficient, realizes the supplement of the electric pile power, and maintains the stability of the fuel cell output power. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A structure flow chart of a high altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The content of the present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several example embodiments. It should be understood that the discussion of these embodiments is merely provided for the purposes of enabling a person of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, and is not intended to imply any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.

[0021] As used herein, the term "comprising" and its variations are to be interpreted as open-ended terms meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" is to be interpreted as "at least partially based on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment". The term "another embodiment" is to be interpreted as "at least one other embodiment". The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements, or components to having a specific orientation or being constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Furthermore, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides orientations or positional relationships; for example, the term "upper" may in some cases indicate a dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. In addition, the terms "installed", "set up", "equipped with", "connected", and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are mainly used to distinguish different devices, elements, or components (the specific types and structures may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the indicated devices, elements, or components. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0022] This embodiment discloses a high-altitude air-to-vehicle liquid oxygen mixing and supply system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: fuel cell stack 13, intercooled humidifier, air supply module, oxygen supply module, mixed supply module and control module. The air supply module and oxygen supply module are both connected to the inlet of the mixed supply module. The mixed gas of the mixed supply module enters the fuel cell stack 13 after passing through the intercooled humidifier.

[0023] The oxygen supply module comprises a liquid oxygen storage device 5, a gasification device 6, a buffer tank 7, an oxygen pressure reducing valve 8 and a proportional electromagnetic valve 9, the outlet of the liquid oxygen storage device 5 is communicated with the inlet of the gasification device 6, the outlet of the gasification device 6 is communicated with the inlet of the buffer tank 7, the outlet of the buffer tank 7 is communicated with the inlet of the oxygen pressure reducing valve 8, the outlet of the oxygen pressure reducing valve 8 is communicated with the inlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve 9, and the outlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve 9 is communicated with the inlet of the mixed supply module.

[0024] The control module is electrically connected with the proportional electromagnetic valve 9, and the control module is used for controlling the opening degree of the proportional electromagnetic valve 9.

[0025] In the embodiment, a high-altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system is provided, the opening degree of the proportional electromagnetic valve 9 is controlled by the control module through the oxygen supply module added in the air intake system, and then the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage device 5 is vaporized by the gasification device 6 and enters the buffer tank 7, at this time, the buffer tank 7 is filled with high-pressure gaseous oxygen, the high-pressure gaseous oxygen is reduced to a low-pressure state by the oxygen pressure reducing valve 8, and then enters the cathode of the electric pile 13 through the proportional electromagnetic valve 9, so as to improve the excess air coefficient and realize the power compensation of the electric pile 13, thereby maintaining the stability of the output power of the fuel cell.

[0026] In some embodiments, the air supply module comprises an air intake flat tube 1, an air filter 2 and a first pressure sensor, the outlet of the air intake flat tube 1 is communicated with the inlet of the air filter 2, the outlet of the air filter 2 is communicated with the inlet of the mixed supply module, and the first pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the air filter 2. In the application, through the above arrangement, the air filter 2 is used for filtering the particulate impurities (including dust and sand particles) in the air absorbed in the air intake flat tube 1, so as to ensure that the clean air enters the mixed supply module and then enters the cathode of the electric pile 13, thereby protecting the normal operation of the fuel cell. Through the arrangement of the first pressure sensor, the pressure of the air flow sucked in the air intake flat tube 1 can be monitored, and the air content entering the cathode of the electric pile 13 can be effectively detected and controlled, thereby improving the excess air coefficient.

[0027] Further, the oxygen supply module further comprises a second pressure sensor, and the second pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the proportional electromagnetic valve 9. In the application, through the above arrangement, the second pressure sensor can monitor the pressure of the low-pressure gaseous oxygen flow released by the proportional electromagnetic valve 9 in real time, and the air content entering the cathode of the electric pile 13 can be effectively detected and controlled, thereby further improving the excess air coefficient.

[0028] Further, the mixed supply module comprises a mixing chamber 3 and an air compressor 4, the inlet of the mixing chamber 3 is communicated with the outlet of the air filter 2 and the outlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve 9 respectively, the outlet of the mixing chamber 3 is communicated with the inlet of the air compressor 4, and the outlet of the air compressor 4 is communicated with the inlet of the intercooler humidifier. In the application, the air filtered by the air filter 2 and the low-pressure gaseous oxygen released by the proportional electromagnetic valve 9 are mixed in the mixing chamber 3, the mixed gas in the mixing chamber 3 is compressed to the required pressure of the stack 13 by the air compressor 4, and then enters the stack 13 cathode to participate in the reaction after being treated by the intercooler humidifier.

[0029] Further, the mixed supply module further comprises an oxygen concentration sensor and a flow sensor, the oxygen concentration sensor is arranged in the mixing chamber 3, and the flow sensor is arranged at the outlet of the air compressor 4. In the application, the oxygen concentration sensor is arranged in the mixing chamber 3 to measure the oxygen content of the mixed gas, and the flow sensor is arranged behind the air compressor 4 to detect the air content entering the stack 13 cathode reaction.

[0030] Further, the control module comprises a power domain controller, and the power domain controller is electrically connected with the proportional electromagnetic valve 9, the first pressure sensor, the oxygen concentration sensor and the flow sensor respectively.

[0031] In the embodiment, the liquid oxygen of the liquid oxygen storage device 5 is gasified by the gasification device 6 and then enters the buffer tank 7, at this time, the buffer tank 7 is filled with high-pressure gaseous oxygen, the high-pressure gaseous oxygen is decompressed to a low-pressure state by the pressure reducing valve, and then enters the mixing chamber 3 to be mixed with the air supplied by the air supply module, so that the mixed gas in the mixing chamber 3 is compressed to the required pressure of the stack 13 by the air compressor 4, and then enters the stack 13 cathode to participate in the reaction after being treated by the intercooler humidifier. The oxygen concentration sensor is arranged in the mixing chamber 3 to measure the oxygen content of the mixed gas, and the flow sensor is arranged behind the air compressor 4 to enable the control module to calculate the amount of oxygen entering the stack 13 cathode reaction in combination with the oxygen concentration sensor.

[0032] When the fuel cell starts to work, the power domain controller obtains the current fuel cell power according to the vehicle load operation condition, and the power domain controller is fed back with the required power of the whole vehicle, so as to calculate the current required oxygen amount and compare it with the oxygen amount that can be supplied at the present stage, and then the power domain controller controls the opening degree of the proportional electromagnetic valve 9 in the oxygen supply module, so as to control more oxygen to enter the stack 13 cathode, improve the excess air coefficient, realize the supplement of the stack 13 power, and keep the stability of the fuel cell output power.

[0033] In some embodiments, the gasification device 6 has a vaporization unit and a liquefaction unit for heat exchange with the vaporization unit, the inlet of the vaporization unit is in communication with the outlet of the liquid oxygen storage device 5, and the outlet of the vaporization unit is in communication with the inlet of the buffer tank 7. In this application, by the above arrangement, the heat carried by the liquefaction unit can be used to exchange heat with the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage device 5 entering the vaporization unit, so that the liquid oxygen entering the vaporization unit absorbs heat and undergoes a vaporization reaction to generate high-pressure gaseous oxygen and enters the buffer tank 7.

[0034] Further, the electric pile 13 waste heat recovery gasification module is provided, which has an electric pile 13 heat exchange device, a circulating water pump 10 and a temperature control device 14. The cooling liquid inside the electric pile 13 heat exchange device is used for water cooling of the electric pile 13. The cooling liquid of the electric pile 13 heat exchange device enters the temperature control device 14 after passing through the circulating water pump 10. The outlet of the temperature control device 14 is in communication with the inlet of the liquefaction unit, and the outlet of the liquefaction unit is in communication with the inlet of the electric pile 13 heat exchange device.

[0035] The temperature control device 14 is used for temperature adjustment of the cooling liquid flowing into the circulating water pump 10.

[0036] In this embodiment, the vaporization unit and the liquefaction unit can be two independent channels, which can be arranged in one pipe to realize heat exchange between the two channels through the side wall of the pipe, or arranged in two pipes in contact to realize heat exchange between the two channels through the outer side wall of the two pipes. The application is not limited thereto.

[0037] Further, the electric pile 13 heat exchange device can be a radiator arranged on the outer side wall of the electric pile 13, which can be a water-cooled radiator. The cooling liquid in the water-cooled radiator absorbs heat generated by the fuel cell during operation, and is transported to the temperature control device 14 by the circulating water pump 10. The cooling liquid after absorbing heat is transported to the channel of the liquefaction unit after temperature adjustment by the temperature control device 14, and the heat of the cooling liquid after absorbing heat is transferred to the channel of the vaporization unit through heat exchange, so that the liquid oxygen passing through the channel of the vaporization unit absorbs heat and undergoes a vaporization reaction. In this application, a large amount of heat needs to be absorbed by the liquid oxygen from the liquid state during vaporization, and a large amount of heat is generated during the operation of the electric pile 13. Therefore, the gasification device 6 is coupled to achieve waste heat recovery and liquid oxygen gasification, thereby improving the efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0038] The oxygen flow required to be supplemented in the previous gas supply process is calculated, and then the heat required by the gasification device 6 is obtained. The coolant passing through the electric pile 13 enters the temperature control device 14 through the circulating water pump 10, and then enters the gasification device 6 to heat and vaporize the liquid oxygen, so as to realize heat exchange.

[0039] In some embodiments, the temperature control device 14 comprises a cooling fan unit 11, a PTC heating unit 12, and a temperature adjusting pipe. The cooling fan unit 11 and the PTC heating unit 12 are arranged at the outer end of the temperature adjusting pipe, and are arranged in a spaced or staggered manner. The inlet of the temperature adjusting pipe is in communication with the outlet of the circulating water pump 10, and the outlet of the temperature adjusting pipe is in communication with the inlet of the liquefaction unit.

[0040] Further, the temperature control device 14 further comprises a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the circulating water pump 10, and the second temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the temperature adjusting pipe.

[0041] The control module further comprises a cooling controller electrically connected with the power domain controller, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

[0042] In the embodiment, the first temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the circulating water pump 10 to monitor the temperature T1 of the coolant after absorbing heat in real time, and then the temperature control device 14 is instructed to work. Meanwhile, the second temperature sensor is arranged at the inlet position of the gasification device 6 (i.e. the outlet position of the temperature adjusting pipe) to monitor the temperature T2 of the coolant entering the gasification device 6. Specifically, when the temperature T1 of the coolant is higher than the required temperature T0, the cooling fan of the cooling fan unit 11 in the temperature control device 14 starts to work. The second temperature sensor feeds back to the cooling controller as a feedback signal, and then the cooling fan unit 11 is controlled to reach the required temperature T0.

[0043] Further, when the temperature T1 of the coolant is less than the required temperature T0, the PTC heating unit 12 in the temperature control device 14 starts to work. The second temperature sensor feeds back to the cooling controller as a feedback signal, and then the PTC heating unit 12 is controlled to reach the required temperature T0. In the application, the cooling fan unit 11 can be a wind-cooled radiator, and the PTC heating unit 12 can be a PTC heater, which are both prior art and will not be described in detail herein.

[0044] The application further discloses a fuel cell comprising the high-altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixing supply system disclosed in the embodiment.

[0045] The application also discloses a vehicle comprising the fuel cell.

[0046] The embodiment has the following advantages:

[0047] 1. By adding an oxygen supply module to the air intake system, the oxygen concentration and pressure entering the cathode of the stack are monitored at all times, so that the stack has sufficient oxygen supply when operating at high altitudes and the stack operates at the optimal excess air ratio, thereby achieving stable power output of the fuel cell when operating at high altitudes and ensuring the power performance and safety performance of the vehicle.

[0048] 2. The application also uses a liquid oxygen supply method to recycle the waste heat generated during the operation of the stack, and proposes a stack waste heat recycling method, which is beneficial to improve the overall fuel cell efficiency and eliminate the parasitic power of the cooling fan, thereby improving the overall efficiency.

[0049] It is obvious for those skilled in the art that the utility model is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and the utility model can be realized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the utility model. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, the scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the utility model.

[0050] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description manner of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be properly combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A high-altitude air vehicle liquid oxygen hybrid supply system, characterized by, The system comprises a stack, a middle-cooling humidifier, an air supply module, an oxygen supply module, a mixed supply module and a control module, the air supply module and the oxygen supply module are communicated with the inlet of the mixed supply module, and the mixed gas of the mixed supply module enters the stack after passing through the middle-cooling humidifier. The oxygen supply module comprises a liquid oxygen storage device, a gasification device, a buffer tank, an oxygen pressure reducing valve and a proportional electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the liquid oxygen storage device is communicated with the inlet of the gasification device, the outlet of the gasification device is communicated with the inlet of the buffer tank, the outlet of the buffer tank is communicated with the inlet of the oxygen pressure reducing valve, the outlet of the oxygen pressure reducing valve is communicated with the inlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve is communicated with the inlet of the mixed supply module, and the control module is electrically connected with the proportional electromagnetic valve. The air supply module comprises an air inlet flat tube, an air filter and a first pressure sensor, the outlet of the air inlet flat tube is communicated with the inlet of the air filter, the outlet of the air filter is communicated with the inlet of the mixed supply module, and the first pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the air filter.

2. The high-altitude air-vehicle liquid-oxygen hybrid-propulsion system of claim 1, wherein, The oxygen supply module further comprises a second pressure sensor, and the second pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the proportional electromagnetic valve.

3. The high-altitude air-vehicle liquid-oxygen hybrid-propulsion system of claim 1, wherein, The mixed supply module comprises a mixing cavity and an air compressor, the inlet of the mixing cavity is communicated with the outlet of the air filter and the outlet of the proportional electromagnetic valve respectively, the outlet of the mixing cavity is communicated with the inlet of the air compressor, and the outlet of the air compressor is communicated with the inlet of the middle-cooling humidifier.

4. The high-altitude air-vehicle liquid-oxygen hybrid-propulsion system of claim 2, wherein, The mixed supply module further comprises an oxygen concentration sensor and a flow sensor, the oxygen concentration sensor is arranged in the mixing cavity, and the flow sensor is arranged at the outlet position of the air compressor.

5. The high-altitude air-vehicle liquid-oxygen hybrid-propulsion system of claim 4, wherein, The control module comprises a power domain controller, and the power domain controller is electrically connected with the proportional electromagnetic valve, the first pressure sensor, the oxygen concentration sensor and the flow sensor respectively.

6. The high-altitude air-vehicle liquid-oxygen hybrid-propulsion system of claim 4, wherein, The gasification device has a gasification unit and a liquefaction unit, the liquefaction unit is used for heat exchange with the gasification unit, the inlet of the gasification unit is communicated with the outlet of the liquid oxygen storage device, and the outlet of the gasification unit is communicated with the inlet of the buffer tank.

7. The high-altitude air-vehicle liquid-oxygen hybrid-propulsion system of claim 6, wherein, The system further comprises a stack waste heat recovery gasification module, the stack waste heat recovery gasification module has a stack heat exchange device, a circulating water pump and a temperature control device, the cooling liquid in the stack heat exchange device is used for water cooling of the stack, the cooling liquid of the stack heat exchange device enters the temperature control device through the circulating water pump, the outlet of the temperature control device is communicated with the inlet of the liquefaction unit, and the outlet of the liquefaction unit is communicated with the inlet of the stack heat exchange device.

8. The high-altitude air-vehicle liquid-oxygen hybrid-propulsion system of claim 7, wherein, The temperature control device is used for temperature adjustment of the cooling liquid flowing into the circulating water pump. The system comprises a high-altitude air vehicle-mounted liquid oxygen mixed supply system.

9. A fuel cell characterized by comprising: The system comprises a fuel cell. ​ 10. A vehicle characterized by comprising: ​

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