Integrated reforming power generation test system having wide-range fuel adaptability

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is an integrated reforming power generation test system having wide-range fuel adaptability, comprising a fuel supply subsystem, a catalytic reforming subsystem, a hydrogen purification subsystem, a power generation subsystem, and a test monitoring subsystem. A fuel pump and a fuel delivery pump are connected to a water-gas shift reactor by means of an evaporator and a reformer, the water-gas shift reactor is connected to a pressure swing adsorption device by means of a first gas-liquid separator, the pressure swing adsorption device is connected to a fuel cell stack by means of a hydrogen buffer tank, and a gas chromatograph is connected to the reformer by means of a third gas-liquid separator and to the water-gas shift reactor by means of a second gas-liquid separator. By using a variety of fuel resources to produce electricity, the present invention breaks through the limitation of the scope of traditional single-fuel reforming power generation systems, ensures the reliability of electricity supply, gets rid of the dependence on specific fuels, enhances regional energy safety, and improves the flexibility of energy supply.

Description

A wide-range fuel-adaptive integrated reforming power generation test system TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of fuel cells and clean renewable energy, and particularly relates to a wide-range fuel-adaptive integrated reforming power generation test system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fuel reforming power generation technology uses a steam reforming method to convert fuels such as methane, methanol, etc. into hydrogen, which can produce and supply hydrogen as needed, effectively solving the problem of hydrogen storage and transportation, avoiding the hidden dangers brought by long-term storage of large amounts of pure hydrogen, realizing on-site production and direct utilization of hydrogen, and solving the challenges of hydrogen transportation and storage faced in the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, the traditional single fuel reforming power generation system is limited by the system architecture and is only suitable for the reforming of specific fuels. When different types of fuels are needed, system modification and reconstruction must be carried out, including refilling of catalysts and adjustment of operating parameters, and even the system architecture needs to be changed, which not only increases the operation complexity and cost, but also limits the application range of the system, especially in emergency situations that require quick response.

[0003] In addition, in frontier areas such as highlands, mountainous areas, and islands, there are multiple challenges such as remote geographical location, inconvenient transportation, and fragile supply chain. These areas are often far away from the main energy supply center, with rugged terrain and inconvenient transportation, resulting in high energy transportation costs and great transportation difficulties. Especially in emergency situations such as natural disasters, relying solely on external energy supply and laying power grids is often challenging, making it difficult to guarantee stable and cost-effective power supply, increasing the urgent need for a wide-range fuel-adaptive system. For example, after an earthquake, typhoon, flood, or other disasters, the natural gas pipeline network will automatically lock and close, thereby interrupting the traditional supply of natural gas. At the same time, the complexity of the disaster site makes it difficult to ensure the supply of specific fuels, often requiring the use of available fuels according to local conditions.

[0004] SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a wide-range fuel-adaptive integrated reforming power generation test system that can use multiple resources such as methane, methanol, ethanol, aviation kerosene, and diesel to produce electricity, breaking through the limitations of traditional single fuel reforming power generation systems, allowing the selection of the most easily obtained fuel for power generation according to actual conditions, and ensuring the demand for residential electricity.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The application discloses a wide-range fuel-adaptable integrated reforming power generation test system, which comprises five test subsystems, namely a fuel supply subsystem, a catalytic reforming subsystem, a hydrogen purification subsystem, a power generation subsystem and a test monitoring subsystem.

[0008] The fuel supply subsystem comprises a fuel pump, an oil pump and an evaporator; the catalytic reforming subsystem comprises a reformer, a water-gas shift reactor, a first gas-liquid separator, a second gas-liquid separator and a third gas-liquid separator; the hydrogen purification subsystem comprises a pressure swing adsorption device; the power generation subsystem comprises a fuel cell stack and a hydrogen buffer tank; and the test monitoring subsystem comprises a gas chromatograph.

[0009] The fuel pump and the oil pump are connected with the evaporator, the reformer and the water-gas shift reactor; the water-gas shift reactor is connected with the pressure swing adsorption device through the first gas-liquid separator; the pressure swing adsorption device is connected with the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen buffer tank; and the gas chromatograph is connected with the reformer through the third gas-liquid separator and connected with the water-gas shift reactor through the second gas-liquid separator.

[0010] Further, the reformer and the water-gas shift reactor are provided with a first heat exchanger and a second valve X2; the water-gas shift reactor and the pressure swing adsorption device are provided with a third heat exchanger and a third valve X3; the pressure swing adsorption device and the fuel cell stack are provided with a hydrogen buffer tank; the pressure swing adsorption device and the hydrogen buffer tank are provided with a fourth valve X4; and the hydrogen buffer tank and the fuel cell stack are provided with a fifth valve X5.

[0011] Further, the evaporator, the reformer and the water-gas shift reactor are provided with temperature control thermocouples; and the evaporator and the reformer are provided with a pressure gauge.

[0012] Further, the pressure gauge and the thermocouples are connected with a computer through a PLC module and are used for controlling the equipment running temperature and detecting the outlet pressure of the detecting device through the PLC module.

[0013] Further, the evaporator, the reformer and the water-gas shift reactor adopt vertical layout and electric heating mode.

[0014] Further, the running temperature of the evaporator is 300 DEG C, the reaction temperature of the reformer is 600-750 DEG C, and the reaction temperature of the water-gas shift reactor is not higher than 300 DEG C.

[0015] Further, the outlet flow of the reformer and the pressure swing adsorption device is measured by a soap film flowmeter.

[0016] Further, the adsorbent used in the pressure swing adsorption device is a mixture of molecular sieve and a small amount of silica gel and is composed of four adsorption towers (referred to as A, B, C and D towers).

[0017] Further, the outlet hydrogen concentration of the pressure swing adsorption device needs to reach 99.999% or above to allow entering the hydrogen buffer tank.

[0018] Further, the outlet pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank is adjusted to 1.05 bar.

[0019] Further, the fuel cell stack adopts a water-cooled stack, which uses cooling water to cool the stack, including a water tank and a water pump.

[0020] The present application not only significantly improves the flexibility and reliability of the system, but also reduces the dependence on a single fuel and the risk of supply chain disruption. This system can quickly switch between different fuels and maintain high efficiency of power generation, which is of great significance for improving energy security in border areas and emergency situations. For example, in plateau areas, the winter climate is cold and the roads are snowed in, making it difficult to transport traditional fuels. At this time, the wide-range fuel adaptability system can select the most easily available fuel for power generation according to the actual situation, ensuring the electricity demand of residents.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] Compared with the traditional single-fuel reforming power generation system, the test system can handle multiple fuel types, including methane, methanol, ethanol, aviation kerosene and diesel, showing extremely high fuel adaptability. It can quickly adjust the operation strategy according to the actual situation, improve the stability and reliability of the system. In emergency situations such as natural disasters, the system can use various fuels available on site to generate electricity, ensuring the power demand of rescue and reconstruction work. It is also suitable for plateau, mountainous and island areas in border areas, enhancing the energy security of the region and improving the flexibility of energy supply.

[0023] In addition, the wide-range fuel adaptability system also has significant advantages in energy management. With the rapid development of new energy and renewable energy, the coexistence and complementarity of multiple energy forms have become a trend. A reforming power generation system with high adaptability can more flexibly utilize various energy resources, improve overall energy utilization efficiency, and promote the development and application of green energy. For example, in rural areas with abundant organic waste, biomass fuel can be used for reforming power generation to realize waste resource utilization, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the energy self-sufficiency of rural areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a wide-range fuel adaptability integrated reforming power generation test system.

[0025] Figure 2 is an operation flowchart of the wide-range fuel adaptability integrated reforming power generation test system.

[0026] Reference: 1 - fuel pump, 2 - oil pump, 3 - evaporator, 4 - reformer, 5 - water vapor shift reactor, 6 - pressure swing adsorption device, 7 - first gas-liquid separator, 8 - second gas-liquid separator, 9 - third gas-liquid separator, 10 - diaphragm flowmeter, 11 - gas chromatograph, 12 - PLC module, 13 - computer, 14 - hydrogen buffer tank, 15 - water tank, 16 - fuel cell stack, 17 - water pump, 18 - first heat exchanger, 19 - second heat exchanger, 20 - third heat exchanger, 21 - fourth heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1-2.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1, a wide range of fuel adaptability integrated reforming power generation test system, the system can use a variety of resources, such as methane, methanol, ethanol, aviation kerosene and diesel, etc., to produce electricity, including five test subsystems, respectively, fuel supply subsystem, catalytic reforming subsystem, hydrogen purification subsystem, power generation subsystem and test monitoring subsystem.

[0029] The fuel supply subsystem includes fuel pump 1, oil pump 2 and evaporator 3; the catalytic reforming subsystem includes reformer 4, water vapor shift reactor 5, first gas-liquid separator 7, second gas-liquid separator 8 and third gas-liquid separator 9; the hydrogen purification subsystem includes pressure swing adsorption device 6; the power generation subsystem includes fuel cell stack 16 and hydrogen buffer tank 14; the test monitoring subsystem includes gas chromatograph 11;

[0030] The fuel pump 1 and the oil pump 2 are connected with the evaporator 3, the reformer 4 and the water vapor shift reactor 5, the water vapor shift reactor 5 is connected with the pressure swing adsorption device 6 through the first gas-liquid separator 7, the pressure swing adsorption device 6 is connected with the fuel cell stack 16 through the hydrogen buffer tank 14, the gas chromatograph 11 is connected with the reformer 4 through the third gas-liquid separator 9 and connected with the water vapor shift reactor 5 through the second gas-liquid separator 8.

[0031] The first heat exchanger 18 and the second valve X2 are arranged in the reformer 4 and the water vapor shift reactor 5, the third heat exchanger 20 and the third valve X3 are arranged in the water vapor shift reactor 5 and the pressure swing adsorption device 6, the hydrogen buffer tank 14 is arranged between the pressure swing adsorption device 6 and the fuel cell stack 16, the fourth valve X4 is arranged in the pressure swing adsorption device 6 and the hydrogen buffer tank 14, and the fifth valve X5 is arranged in the hydrogen buffer tank 14 and the fuel cell stack 16.

[0032] The temperature control thermocouples are arranged in the evaporator, reformer and water vapor shift reactor, and a pressure gauge is arranged between the evaporator and the reformer. The pressure gauge and the thermocouples are connected to the computer 13 through the PLC module 12, and the device operating temperature and the outlet pressure of the detection device are controlled through the PLC module.

[0033] The evaporator, the reformer and the water vapor shift reactor adopt vertical layout and electric heating mode.

[0034] The operating temperature of the evaporator is 300℃, the reaction temperature of the reformer is 600-750℃, and the reaction temperature of the water vapor shift reactor is not more than 300℃. The outlet flow rates of the reformer and the pressure swing adsorption device are measured by the soap film flowmeter 10.

[0035] The adsorbent used in the pressure swing adsorption device 6 is a mixture of molecular sieve and a small amount of silica gel, and is composed of four adsorption towers (referred to as A, B, C and D towers). The hydrogen concentration at the outlet of the pressure swing adsorption device needs to reach 99.999% or more, so as to allow the hydrogen to enter the hydrogen buffer tank 14. The outlet pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank 14 is adjusted to 1.05 bar.

[0036] The fuel cell stack 16 adopts a water-cooled stack, which cools the stack by using cooling water, and includes a water tank 15 and a water pump 17.

[0037] The fuel supply subsystem is the input end of the reforming hydrogen production system, and provides reaction raw materials (methanol, ethanol, aviation kerosene and diesel) and protective gas (hydrogen and nitrogen) for the test system. Before the test starts, nitrogen is used to purge the air in the pipeline and the equipment, so as to protect the reaction system from oxidation;

[0038] The catalytic reforming subsystem is the core part of the test system, and includes a reformer and a water vapor shift reactor. The reformer 4 is used to convert the fuel into hydrogen-rich reforming gas, which includes hydrogen (H2), water vapor (H2O), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In order to improve the concentration of H2 in the reforming gas and reduce the content of CO, a water vapor shift reactor (5) is arranged at the tail of the reformer 4, which uses CO and H2O to perform water vapor shift reaction to produce CO2 and H2.

[0039] The core equipment of the hydrogen purification subsystem is a pressure swing adsorption device, which uses the difference in adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent to gas components to complete the separation and purification of the reforming gas. The high-concentration H2 after purification is sent to the fuel cell system after the gas concentration is detected by the gas chromatograph in the test monitoring subsystem and meets the required concentration of the fuel cell stack.

[0040] The power generation sub-system supplies high-purity H2 generated by the catalytic reforming sub-system and the hydrogen purification sub-system to the fuel cell stack to realize external power generation of the system; in order to prevent potential damage to the fuel cell stack caused by pressure fluctuation during H2 delivery, a hydrogen buffer tank is added in front of the stack, and after the hydrogen buffer tank is filled with H2, the H2 can be stably delivered to the fuel cell stack for power generation through a pressure reducing valve;

[0041] The test monitoring sub-system is a key component in the multi-fuel reforming power generation system, responsible for monitoring, controlling and adjusting the parameters of each sub-system to ensure normal operation of the system, and the gas chromatograph is the core device of the test monitoring sub-system, mainly to ensure that the gas generated in the reforming process meets the expected concentration requirement.

[0042] The working principle of the present application is as follows:

[0043] Methane, methanol, ethanol, aviation kerosene, diesel and distilled water are heated to 300 DEG C by the evaporator 3, and then enter the reformer 4 to occur reforming reaction, and are converted into hydrogen-rich reforming gas, and the specific reaction is as follows:

[0044] Methane:

[0045] Methanol:

[0046] Ethanol:

[0047] Kerosene:

[0048] Diesel:

[0049] After the fuel conversion rate is higher than 90%, the naturally cooled reforming gas is introduced into the water gas shift reactor 5; under the action of the catalyst, H2O and CO in the reforming gas occur water gas shift reaction, the CO concentration in the gas is reduced and the H2 content is increased; considering that the reforming gas contains a large amount of water vapor, before entering the pressure swing adsorption device 6, it needs to be cooled first, and the dried reforming gas is sent into the H2 purification sub-system, through a series of adsorption, pressure reduction, pressure increase and desorption processes of the pressure swing adsorption device 6, H2 is separated from the reforming gas; the separated H2 is sent into the hydrogen buffer tank 14 in the power generation sub-system through the gas chromatograph 11 to ensure that its concentration reaches 99.999%, and finally the outlet pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank 14 is set to 1.05 bar, and the current size of the electronic load is gradually adjusted until the output power of the fuel cell stack 16 reaches the target power generation of the test.

[0050] As shown in Figure 2, the operation steps of the test system are as follows:

[0051] S1, open the first valve X1, close the second valve X2 between the reformer 4 and the water-gas shift reactor 5, maintain the catalytic bed temperature of the reformer 4 at 700℃, switch the inlet gas of the device to the mixture of H2 and N2, start reducing the reforming catalyst;

[0052] S2, for the three fuels of methane, kerosene and diesel, respectively, the three fuels and distilled water are heated by the oil pump 2 and the evaporator 3 and then sent to the reformer 4 to start the reforming reaction; for the methanol and ethanol fuels, the two fuels are mixed with distilled water to form a solution and then sent to the system by the fuel pump 1;

[0053] S3, after a period of stable reaction, open the second valve X2, close the third valve X3, the tail gas of the reformer 4 is cooled by the first heat exchanger 18 first, then dried by the second heat exchanger 19 and the second gas-liquid separator 8, and then enters the gas chromatograph 11 for analysis, after the concentration of the outlet gas is stable, it is introduced into the water-gas shift reactor 5; under the action of the catalyst, H2O and CO in the reforming gas undergo water-gas shift reaction to produce H2;

[0054] S4, open the third valve X3, close the fourth valve X4, send the reforming gas dried by the first gas-liquid separator 7 to the pressure swing adsorption device 6 to separate H2 from the reforming gas; H2 is first dried by the fourth heat exchanger 21 and the second gas-liquid separator 8, then enters the gas chromatograph 11 for analysis to ensure that its concentration reaches more than 99.999%, and then is sent to the hydrogen buffer tank 14 in the fuel cell system;

[0055] S5, open the fourth valve X4 and the fifth valve X5, adjust the pressure of H2 at the outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 14 to 1.05 bar, start the fuel cell stack 16 to generate electricity.

[0056] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A wide-range fuel-adaptable integrated reforming power generation test system, characterized by comprising: The test system comprises five subsystems, namely, a fuel supply subsystem, a catalytic reforming subsystem, a hydrogen purification subsystem, a power generation subsystem and a test monitoring subsystem; The fuel supply subsystem comprises a fuel pump (1), a fuel oil pump (2) and an evaporator (3); the catalytic reforming subsystem comprises a reformer (4), a water-gas shift reactor (5), a first gas-liquid separator (7), a second gas-liquid separator (8) and a third gas-liquid separator (9); the hydrogen purification subsystem comprises a pressure swing adsorption device (6); the power generation subsystem comprises a fuel cell stack (16) and a hydrogen buffer tank (14); and the test monitoring subsystem comprises a gas chromatograph (11); The fuel pump (1) and the fuel oil pump (2) are connected with the evaporator (3), the reformer (4) and the water-gas shift reactor (5); the water-gas shift reactor (5) is connected with the first gas-liquid separator (7) and the pressure swing adsorption device (6); the pressure swing adsorption device (6) is connected with the hydrogen buffer tank (14) and the fuel cell stack (16); and the gas chromatograph (11) is connected with the reformer (4) through the third gas-liquid separator (9) and with the water-gas shift reactor (5) through the second gas-liquid separator (8); The operation steps of the test system are as follows: S1, open the first valve (X1), close the second valve (X2) between the reformer (4) and the water-gas shift reactor (5), maintain the catalytic bed temperature of the reformer (4) at 700℃, switch the inlet gas of the switching device to the mixture of H2 and N2, and start reducing the reforming catalyst; S2, for the three fuels of methane, kerosene and diesel, the three fuels and distilled water are heated by the fuel oil pump (2) and the evaporator (3) and then sent into the reformer (4) to start the reforming reaction; and for the methanol and ethanol fuels, the two fuels are mixed with distilled water to form a solution which is then sent into the system by the fuel pump (1); S3, after a period of stable reaction, open the second valve (X2) and close the third valve (X3), the tail gas at the outlet of the reformer (4) is cooled by the first heat exchanger (18) and then dried by the second heat exchanger (19) and the second gas-liquid separator (8) before being sent into the gas chromatograph (11) for analysis; after the concentration of the outlet gas is stable, the gas is introduced into the water-gas shift reactor (5); under the action of the catalyst, H2O and CO in the reforming gas undergo water-gas shift reaction to produce H2; S4, open the third valve (X3) and close the fourth valve (X4), the reforming gas dried by the first gas-liquid separator (7) is sent into the pressure swing adsorption device (6) to separate H2 from the reforming gas; the H2 is dried by the fourth heat exchanger (21) and the second gas-liquid separator (8) before being sent into the gas chromatograph (11) for analysis to ensure that the concentration of the H2 is higher than 99.999%; then the H2 is sent into the hydrogen buffer tank (14) in the power generation subsystem; S5, open the fourth valve (X4) and the fifth valve (X5), adjust the pressure of the H2 at the outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank (14) to 1.05 bar, and start the fuel cell stack (16) to generate electricity.

2. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein The first heat exchanger (18) and the second valve (X2) are arranged in the reformer (4) and the water-gas shift reactor (5), and the third heat exchanger (20) and the third valve (X3) are arranged in the water-gas shift reactor (5) and the pressure swing adsorption device (6).

3. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein The fourth valve (X4) is arranged in the pressure swing adsorption device (6) and the hydrogen buffer tank (14), and the fifth valve (X5) is arranged in the hydrogen buffer tank (14) and the fuel cell stack (16).

4. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein Temperature-controlling thermocouples are arranged in the evaporator (3), the reformer (4) and the water-gas shift reactor (5), and a pressure gauge is arranged between the evaporator (3) and the reformer (4); the pressure gauge and the thermocouples are connected to the computer (13) through the PLC module (12).

5. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein The evaporator (3), the reformer (4) and the water-gas shift reactor (5) adopt vertical layout and electric heating mode.

6. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein The reformer (4) is filled with nickel-alumina catalyst, and the water-gas shift reactor (5) is filled with copper-zinc-aluminum catalyst.

7. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein The operating temperature of the evaporator (3) is 300℃, the reaction temperature of the reformer (4) is 600-750℃, and the reaction temperature of the water-gas shift reactor (5) is not more than 300℃.

8. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein The soap film flowmeter (10) is arranged at the outlet of the reformer (4) and the pressure swing adsorption device (6).

9. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein The adsorbent used in the pressure swing adsorption device (6) is a mixture of molecular sieve and a small amount of silica gel, and the pressure swing adsorption device (6) is composed of four adsorption towers.

10. The integrated reforming power generation test system of claim 1, wherein The fuel cell stack (16) adopts a water-cooled stack, and the fuel cell stack (16) is connected with the water tank (15) and the water pump (17).

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