Projection screen, projection system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a projection screen, a projection system and a vehicle. The projection screen comprises a base material layer; the first modulation layer is provided with a plurality of structural units arranged in an array mode, any structural unit is provided with at least one optical surface, and the normal directions of the optical surfaces of part or all of the structural units are different so as to modulate the direction of incident light; the first light-resistant layer is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting areas and a plurality of light-absorbing areas, any one of the light-transmitting areas and the light-absorbing areas is strip-shaped and extends along a first direction, the light-transmitting areas and the light-absorbing areas are alternately arranged, and the first direction is parallel to a first side edge of the projection screen. According to the invention, the projection light is enabled to have spatial distribution meeting preset requirements, and the projection light can be reasonably and efficiently allocated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of projection screens, in particular to a projection screen, a projection system and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The best viewing position of the current anti-light projection screen is located in the middle of the screen. Vehicle projection is a new projection market, and compared with traditional projection, vehicle projection has the characteristics of short viewing distance and more ambient light on the side. The viewing position of vehicle projection is generally not directly opposite the screen, and the use of traditional anti-light projection screens will reduce the viewing experience of the user. On the one hand, the brightness is high in the middle and low on both sides, and the overall brightness needs to be improved to achieve the best viewing experience, which will cause large power consumption. On the other hand, the viewer on the side will see a picture with one side bright and the other side dark, which affects the viewing experience of the audience. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0003] The present application provides a projection screen, a projection system and a vehicle, which helps to solve the problem of poor viewing experience of the traditional projection screen.

[0004] The various aspects involved in the present application will be introduced below.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a projection screen, comprising: a base material layer; a first modulation layer, provided with a plurality of structure units arranged in an array, any structure unit having at least one optical surface, the normal directions of the optical surfaces of part or all of the structure units being different and being configured according to a preset angle to modulate the direction of incident light; a first anti-light layer, provided with a plurality of light transmission zones and a plurality of light absorption zones, any light transmission zone and light absorption zone being strip-shaped and extending along a first direction, the light transmission zones and the light absorption zones being alternately arranged, the first direction being a direction parallel to a first side edge of the projection screen.

[0006] In a second aspect, the present application provides a vehicle, comprising the projection screen according to the first aspect.

[0007] In a third aspect, the present application provides a projection system, comprising: a projection device and a projection screen according to the first aspect, the projection device being used to irradiate the projection light emitted onto the projection screen.

[0008] In the present application, since the normal directions of the optical surfaces of part or all of the structure units are different, the directions of the reflected or transmitted main light can be guided to a specific direction, and the structure units of the entire screen are combined together, so that the projection light has a spatial distribution meeting the predetermined requirements, the projection light can be reasonably and efficiently deployed, and high degree of freedom and high energy utilization efficiency are achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced.

[0010] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a wire grid projection screen provided by the related art.

[0011] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a ring-shaped Fresnel projection screen provided by the related art.

[0012] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a projection screen provided by the present application.

[0013] Figure 4 is Figure 3 are some possible schematic diagrams of the structural units of the projection screen shown.

[0014] Figure 5 is Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the two side surfaces of the first modulation layer of the projection screen shown.

[0015] Figures 6a-6b is Figure 4 is a light ray schematic diagram of a planar reflection unit of the structural unit shown.

[0016] Figures 7a-7b is Figure 4 is a light ray schematic diagram of a curved reflection unit of the structural unit shown.

[0017] Figures 8a-8b is Figure 4 is a light ray schematic diagram of a planar transmission unit of the structural unit shown.

[0018] Figures 9a-9b is Figure 4 is a light ray schematic diagram of a curved transmission unit of the structural unit shown.

[0019] Figure 10 is Figure 3 is an array schematic diagram of the structural units of the first modulation layer shown.

[0020] Figure 11 is a clear root schematic diagram of the first modulation layer of a two-dimensional array structure.

[0021] Figure 12 is Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a possible implementation of the projection screen shown.

[0022] Figure 13 is Figure 12 are some other possible schematic diagrams of the structural units of the first modulation layer shown.

[0023] Figure 14 yes Figure 12 A schematic diagram of another microstructure array of the first modulation layer is shown.

[0024] Figure 15 yes Figure 12 A schematic diagram of another array orientation of the first modulation layer is shown.

[0025] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between structural units and pixel sizes provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0026] Figure 17 yes Figure 12 The diagram shows the light rays of the first anti-light layer.

[0027] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 The diagram shows the transmittance of the first anti-light layer.

[0028] Figures 19a-19b yes Figure 3 The optical surfaces of the first modulation layer shown are schematic diagrams of the first surface and the second surface.

[0029] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the matching degree between different diffusion structures and viewing areas provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0030] Figures 21a-21b These are some other possible schematic diagrams of the projection screen provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0031] Figures 22a-22b These are some further possible schematic diagrams of the projection screen provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 23 This is another possible schematic diagram of the projection screen provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of a possible arrangement of the projection screen provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0034] Figure 25 yes Figure 24 The diagram shows the angular distribution of the modulated light spot on the projection screen.

[0035] Figure 26 yes Figure 24 The diagram shows the location of the screen sampling points on the projection screen.

[0036] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one possible manufacturing method of the projection screen provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0037] Figures 28a-28b is a schematic diagram of a refractive structure unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of a glue dipping and adhering process provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of a possible single-side manufacturing process of a projection screen provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of another possible single-side manufacturing process of a projection screen provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figures 32a-32b is a schematic diagram of some possible double-side manufacturing processes of a projection screen provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figures 33a-33b is a schematic diagram of some other possible double-side manufacturing processes of a projection screen provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of a component unit / part component unit of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application. The same or similar reference signs are used to represent the same or similar modules in the drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are only schematic, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0045] The projection screen is widely used in life, mainly applied to large conference rooms, command and control centers, training and education institutions, conference rooms, exhibition halls, exhibition halls, airports, show windows and other occasions. The traditional anti-light projection screen mainly includes a wire grid screen and a ring-shaped Fresnel screen. As shown in Figure 1 , the wire grid screen uses a wire grid structure to reflect the projection light to the position of the viewer. And the ring-shaped Fresnel screen changes the wire grid structure into a ring-shaped structure, as shown in Figure 2 , converts the projection light into light parallel to the main light. The current anti-light projection screen has a best viewing position in the middle of the screen, and has low design freedom, only suitable for single window occasions.

[0046] Vehicles have become an indispensable means of transportation in people's daily lives. In-vehicle projection is an emerging projection market. Compared to traditional projectors, in-vehicle projectors have advantages such as closer viewing distance and more ambient light from the sides. Most importantly, the viewing position is significantly different. Traditional ambient light rejecting screens are optimized for viewing positions directly facing the projection screen, with a brightness distribution typically characterized by high brightness in the center and lower brightness at the edges. However, the viewing positions of in-vehicle projectors (driver's and passenger's seats) are generally not directly facing the screen, which reduces the user's viewing experience when using traditional ambient light rejecting screens. Firstly, the high brightness in the center and lower brightness at the edges means the viewer is not in the optimal viewing position. To achieve the best viewing experience, the overall brightness must be increased, which increases the projector's power consumption, resulting in significant waste. Secondly, the uniformity of traditional projection screens also exhibits a high brightness in the center and lower brightness at the edges. Viewers positioned to the side will see an unevenly bright image, negatively impacting the viewing experience.

[0047] It should be noted that the above-mentioned problem with the viewing experience of in-vehicle projection screens is only an example. The embodiments of this application can be applied to any type of scenario where the viewing position of the projection screen is not directly facing the screen.

[0048] Therefore, it is necessary to design a technical solution for a projection screen that can rationally distribute the projected light.

[0049] Based on this, this application proposes a projection screen. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 3 The projection screen of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the projection screen 300 in this embodiment may include: a substrate layer 310, a first modulation layer 320, and a first anti-light layer 330.

[0050] The substrate layer 310 is made of a transparent substrate, and can be any known transparent film material, including but not limited to polyester terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polymeric methyl methacrylate (PMMA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and glass. The substrate layer 310 serves as a base for the lamination of other material layers.

[0051] The thickness of the substrate layer 310 can be set according to the application requirements. When the thickness is thinner, the projection screen is easy to roll up to become a soft screen; when the thickness is thicker, the projection screen can be a hard screen.

[0052] The first modulation layer 320 is provided with a plurality of structure units arranged in an array. Any structure unit has at least one optical surface, and the normal directions of the optical surfaces of some or all of the structure units are different and are arranged at preset angles to modulate the directions of incident light rays.

[0053] The first modulation layer 320 is an arrayed close-packed microstructure, which can be a two-dimensional array structure on a single layer plane. In some implementations, the orthographic projection pattern of any structure unit on the substrate layer 310 can be a polygon or other predetermined pattern. As shown in Figure 4 the profile pattern of the structure unit can be a triangle, a rectangle, a hexagon, or the like. The polygon can be a regular polygon, which helps to improve the screen-to-body ratio.

[0054] Each structure unit 321 has at least one optical surface for modulating incident light, which can be a first surface or a second surface of the structure unit 321. As shown in Figure 5 , the first surface refers to the surface of the structure unit 321 of the first modulation layer 320 facing away from the viewer, and the second surface refers to the surface of the structure unit 321 facing the viewer.

[0055] In some embodiments, the optical surface can be transmissive, and the structure unit as a whole is made of a light-transmissive material. In other embodiments, the optical surface can be reflective, and the structure unit as a whole is made of a light-transmissive material, and the optical surface is composed of a coating of a specific material. In some embodiments, the coating of the specific material can be formed by coating a surface of the structure unit with a light-reflecting light-colored material, which is used to reflect light. The light-colored material includes but is not limited to light-reflecting micro-bead material, light-colored ink, light-colored paint, metallic paint, and the like.

[0056] The optical surface of the structure unit 321 can be a plane, a sphere, or a free-form surface. The optical surface can also be a concave structure type or a convex structure type. In some embodiments, the optical surface of each structure unit can be independent, and the normal direction (as shown by the arrow direction N in Figure 4 ) can be independently controlled. In other words, the normal direction of the optical surface of the polygonal structure unit can be adjusted along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.

[0057] The normal directions of the optical surfaces of some or all of the plurality of structural units are different and are arranged at preset angles. For example, the included angle between the normal direction of the optical surface of the plurality of structural units and the first side of the substrate layer 310 can be sequentially increased along the second direction. In another embodiment, the included angle between the normal direction of the optical surface of the plurality of structural units and the first side of the substrate layer 310 can be sequentially decreased along the second direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first side of the substrate layer 310, and the first side is the combined side of the substrate layer 310 and the first modulation layer 320.

[0058] In the embodiment, the normal directions of the optical surfaces of some or all of the plurality of structural units are different and are arranged at preset angles, so that the directions of the reflected or transmitted chief rays can be guided to a specific direction, the structural units of the entire screen are combined together, the projection light has a spatial distribution that meets the predetermined requirements, the projection light can be reasonably and efficiently deployed, and high degrees of freedom and high energy utilization efficiency are achieved.

[0059] The principle and process of the modulation of the chief rays by the micro structural units are described below. The chief rays are the light rays emitted by the projection source.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 8, the micro structural units are plane mirrors, and the chief rays can be reflected to different positions by adjusting the inclination angles of the plane mirrors. Figures 6a-6b , Figure 6a , Figure 6b The left rectangular frame in the figure is a partial enlarged view. As can be seen, the incident parallel light is reflected by the plane mirror, changes direction, and exits as parallel outgoing light.

[0061] Figures 7a-7b The structural units in FIG. 9 are curved mirrors, and the left rectangular frame in the figure is a partial enlarged view. The curved mirrors can not only modulate the directions of the chief rays, but also modulate the incident light rays into light rays distributed within a certain angle range by different curvatures, thereby achieving the effect of expanding the eye box. For example, the incident parallel light is reflected by the curved mirror, and exits as divergent outgoing light within a certain angle range.

[0062] As described above, the structural units 321 of the first modulation layer 320 can be reflective units or transmissive units. Figures 8a-8b The structural units in FIG. 10 are plane transmissive mirrors, and the function of the plane transmissive mirrors is to guide the chief rays to different positions. The incident parallel light is refracted by the plane transmissive mirror, changes direction, and exits as parallel outgoing light.

[0063] Figures 9a-9bThe structural unit is a curved transmission mirror, which can guide the main light while modulating the light to be distributed within a certain angle range, thereby achieving the effect of enlarging the eye box.

[0064] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a microstructure array with a first modulation layer 320. Figure 10 The structural unit is a reflective rectangular unit, meaning that the orthographic projection outline of the structural unit on the substrate layer 310 is rectangular. The structural unit is also a spherical convex structure, i.e., a curved rectangular unit, with a shape like... Figure 7a As shown. The effect of arrayed structural units is as follows. Figure 10 As shown, incident parallel light rays can be modulated into rectangular light spots with a certain angular range distribution.

[0065] The outline of the projection screen 300 is typically rectangular. For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, along the direction perpendicular to the front of the projection screen 300, the top and bottom edges are horizontal, while the left and right edges are vertical or approximately vertical. The first side edge of the substrate layer 310 can be either the left or right side.

[0066] In this embodiment, if the angle between the normal direction of the optical surface of multiple structural units and the first side surface of the substrate layer 310 increases sequentially from left to right according to a preset angle, the brightness of the reflected or transmitted main light rays increases sequentially from the left side to the right side of the projection screen 300. When the viewer is on the left side of the projection screen 300, the structural units of the entire screen are combined together, and the brightness of the projection screen 300 is uniform from the viewer's perspective. On the one hand, it is not necessary to increase the power consumption of the projector to improve the overall brightness, resulting in high energy efficiency. On the other hand, the uniformity of the projection screen is good, and the viewer will not see a picture that is bright on one side and dark on the other when positioned on the side, resulting in a good viewing experience. Alternatively, if the angle between the normal direction of the optical surface of multiple structural units and the first side surface of the substrate layer 310 decreases sequentially from left to right according to a preset angle, the brightness of the reflected or transmitted main light rays decreases sequentially from the left side to the right side of the projection screen 300. When the viewer is on the right side of the projection screen 300, the structural units of the entire screen are combined together, and the brightness of the projection screen 300 is uniform from the viewer's perspective.

[0067] If the optical surface of any structural unit in the array of the first modulation layer 320 is independent, and the normal direction can be independently adjusted, the manufacturing and control will inevitably be complex. The situation where the viewer sees an image that is bright on one side and dark on the other mainly occurs when the image is located on the two sides of the projection screen.

[0068] In some implementations, the plurality of structure units can be divided into a plurality of groups of structure units arranged along a second direction, and all structure units in any group of structure units are arranged along a first direction, and normal directions of optical surfaces of some or all groups of structure units are different. The first direction is a direction parallel to a first side of the projection screen, and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first side of the projection screen, and the first side can be a left side or a right side of the projection screen in a vertical direction, i.e., the first side is parallel to a left side or a right side of the substrate layer 310. In some embodiments, or in other words, the first direction is a vertical direction, and the second direction is a horizontal direction. That is, along the first direction, the normal directions of the optical surfaces of all structure units in a group of structure units can be uniformly adjusted, and each group of structure units can be independently set to modulate the chief ray direction of the projection source to achieve a preset optical effect, which also helps to simplify the processing of the structure units.

[0069] When the first modulation layer 320 is a single-layer planar two-dimensional array structure, the structure units can only be engraved one by one during processing, which not only takes a long time to engrave, but also causes a large amount of tool wear. There are areas that cannot be processed by the tool due to the height difference between the unit structures, such as the positions circled in Figure 11 , which will occupy a certain optical surface and also modulate light to positions outside the design, thereby affecting the preset optical effect, which should be avoided as much as possible.

[0070] In some implementations, the first modulation layer 320 can include a first modulation sub-layer 322 and a second modulation sub-layer 324, and the second modulation sub-layer 324 is closer to the viewer than the first modulation sub-layer 322. The first modulation sub-layer 322 is provided with part of the plurality of structure units, and any structure unit in the part of structure units is in a strip shape, and the part of structure units is arranged in an array along a third direction, and the third direction has a first preset angle with the first side of the projection screen. The first preset angle can be any angle in 0-90 degrees, for example, the third direction is parallel to the first side, or perpendicular to the first side. The second modulation sub-layer 324 is provided with another part of the plurality of structure units, and any structure unit in the other part of structure units is in a strip shape, and the other part of structure units is arranged in an array along a fourth direction, and the fourth direction has a second preset angle with the third direction, and the second preset angle can be any angle in 0-90 degrees, for example, the fourth direction is perpendicular to the third direction.

[0071] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a possible implementation of the projection screen shown in Figure 3 Figure 12 ​As shown, both the first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324 are one-dimensional array microstructures. The structural units of the first modulation sublayer 322 can be arranged in an array along the horizontal direction, and the structural units of the second modulation sublayer 324 can be arranged in an array along the vertical direction. Figure 13 As shown, structural unit 321 can be a cylindrical mirror, prism, freeform mirror, etc.

[0072] It is understandable that the type of the first part of the structural units on the first modulation sublayer 322 can be the same as or different from the type of the other part of the structural units on the second modulation sublayer 324. For example, the type of the first part of the structural units on the first modulation sublayer 322 is a cylindrical mirror, and the type of the other part of the structural units on the second modulation sublayer 324 is a prism. This helps to make the projected light conform to the spatial distribution required by the preset requirements, and to make reasonable and efficient allocation of the projected light.

[0073] The principles and processes of modulating the principal ray by microstructural units such as cylindrical mirrors, prisms, and freeform mirrors can be found in [reference needed]. Figures 6a-9b The aforementioned reflective and transmissive units.

[0074] Each structural unit has at least one optical surface that modulates incident light, which can be either transmissive or reflective. This optical surface can be the first surface, the second surface, or both (transmissive). For example... Figure 5 As shown, the first surface refers to the surface of the modulation layer unit that is away from the viewer, and the second surface refers to the surface of the modulation layer unit that is close to the viewer.

[0075] The optical surface of structural unit 321 can be a plane, a sphere, or a freeform surface, and can be concave or convex. The optical surface of each structural unit is independent, with the normal direction (e.g., ...) Figure 13 (As indicated by arrow N) can be independently adjusted, thereby guiding the direction of reflected or transmitted main light rays to a specific direction. The normal direction of the entire screen's structural units changes along the array direction of the structural units, giving the projected light rays a spatial distribution that meets preset requirements. This allows for reasonable and efficient allocation of the projected light rays, resulting in high degree of freedom and high energy utilization efficiency.

[0076] The array directions of the first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324 are different. Since the normal of the structural unit can gradually change along the array direction and be set according to a preset angle, the two can respectively modulate the distribution of light in the horizontal and vertical directions. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of another type of microstructure array with a first modulation layer. Figure 14 The first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324 are arranged in two mutually perpendicular directions, modulating the main ray in both directions. The shape of the structural unit is as follows:Figure 13 As shown in FIG. 3, the incident parallel light can be modulated into a quasi-rectangular light spot with a certain two-dimensional angular distribution.

[0077] In some embodiments, the arrangement direction of the first modulation sub-layer 322 and the second modulation sub-layer 324 can be horizontal or vertical, as shown in FIG. 4A. Figure 12 In other embodiments, the arrangement direction of the first modulation sub-layer 322 and the second modulation sub-layer 324 can also be a specific direction. Figure 15 FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of the structure unit of the two modulation sub-layers arranged at an inclined angle, as shown in FIG. 4B, a plurality of structure units on the first modulation sub-layer 322 are arranged in an array along a third direction, and the first preset angle of the third direction with respect to the first side of the projection screen is about 45°. The first modulation sub-layer 322 and the second modulation sub-layer 324 are arranged along two different inclined angles, respectively, and the combination thereof can achieve the required viewing effect. By adjusting the inclined angle and the shape of the unit structure, an asymmetric brightness distribution can be achieved, which can be suitable for application requirements in specific occasions. Figure 15

[0078] Figure 12 In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the first modulation layer 320 composed of two one-dimensional linear array structures (the first modulation sub-layer 322 and the second modulation sub-layer 324) is different from a two-dimensional array structure. When the mold is processed, only the tool needs to move along a fixed direction, which is convenient for engraving, especially on the roller surface, has higher efficiency, and causes less wear to the tool, so that the tool does not need to be frequently replaced, which helps to reduce the difficulty of processing and manufacturing. The one-dimensional array structure has higher optical surface utilization efficiency and can obtain better optical effect.

[0079] The first modulation sub-layer 322 and the second modulation sub-layer 324 can be perpendicular or form a certain angle, and can be combined together to modulate the chief ray to any direction. In some implementations, if the projection screen 300 is a reflective projection screen, the type of the first modulation sub-layer 322 is reflective, and the type of the second modulation sub-layer 324 is transmissive; if the projection screen 300 is a transmissive screen, the type of the first modulation sub-layer 322 and the type of the second modulation sub-layer 324 are both transmissive.

[0080] In some embodiments, if the optical surface of the structure unit is a reflective surface, a reflective coating needs to be made, which can use reflective metals such as aluminum or silver, or a medium layer that reflects visible light. The manufacturing process can select vacuum coating process, coating process, spraying process, etc. In some embodiments, some scattering particles can be doped in the reflective layer to have a certain diffusion effect, which helps to make the picture more uniform.

[0081] ​In other embodiments, if the optical surface is a transmission surface, the surface can be the original surface or a film layer such as an anti-reflection film can be added.

[0082] In consideration of the picture definition, in some implementations, the width dimension of the orthographic projection pattern of any structural unit on the substrate layer 310 is less than or equal to the pixel size of the projection screen 300. The structural unit can be the aforementioned polygonal structural unit, long strip-shaped structural unit, etc., which helps to uniformly and effectively distribute the light energy within the pixel.

[0083] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the structural unit and the pixel size provided by the embodiments of the present application. Specifically, as shown in Figure 16 , the structural units of the first modulation sub-layer 322 are linearly arranged along the horizontal direction, as shown by the dashed lines. The structural units of the second modulation sub-layer 324 are linearly arranged along the vertical direction, as shown by the solid lines. Let the width dimension of a single structural unit of the first modulation sub-layer 322 be a1, the width dimension of a single structural unit of the second modulation sub-layer 324 be a2, and the pixel size of the projection picture be a3. At this time, the ratios m1 and m2 should satisfy:

[0084]

[0085] The greater the ratios m1 and m2 are, the more micro-structural units can be contained within the same pixel, and the light energy within the pixel can be more uniformly and effectively distributed.

[0086] Referring again to Figure 3 , the first light-resistant layer 330 is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting regions 331 and a plurality of light-absorbing regions 332. Any light-transmitting region 331 and light-absorbing region 332 are strip-shaped and extend along a first direction, and the light-transmitting regions 331 and light-absorbing regions 332 are alternately arranged. The first direction is a direction parallel to the first side edge of the projection screen 300.

[0087] The first light-resistant layer 330 is composed of alternately arranged light-transmitting regions and light-absorbing regions, and can completely absorb ambient light beyond a certain angle, which can weaken the influence of side ambient light and has the effect of light resistance.

[0088] As shown in the top view in Figure 12 , the light-transmitting regions 331 and light-absorbing regions 332 are alternately arranged. As shown in the side view in Figure 12 , the light-absorbing regions 332 are strip-shaped and extend along a first direction, and the first direction can be a direction parallel to the first side edge of the projection screen 300.

[0089] The first light-resistant layer 330 is a one-dimensional periodic grating structure, as shown in Figure 17As shown, the structure contains alternating light-transmitting regions 331 and light-absorbing regions 332 arranged in a certain direction, which depends on the direction of the ambient light source and is usually horizontal. Light-transmitting region 331 allows visible light to pass through, while light-absorbing region 332 absorbs visible light. This structure has a certain limiting effect on the incident / outgoing light angle. When the incident light is parallel, its overall transmittance T satisfies the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] Where D is the width of the light-transmitting area, d is the width of the light-absorbing area, h is the height of the light-absorbing area, α is the incident angle or exit angle of light, and T is the overall transmittance corresponding to angle α.

[0092] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram showing the transmittance of an anti-light layer as determined experimentally. Figure 18 As shown, the larger the incident angle α of the ambient light, the smaller the transmittance. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably set the structural dimensions of the anti-glare layer so that the viewer can see a good projected image.

[0093] In some implementations, the tangent of the preset viewing angle of the projection screen 300 is less than the ratio of the width of the light-transmitting area 331 to the height of the light-absorbing area 332.

[0094] Specifically, assuming the maximum angle corresponding to the preset viewing position is θ, then the maximum angle of light α allowed to pass through the first anti-light layer 330 is... Max It should meet the following requirements:

[0095]

[0096] θ<α Max

[0097] For angles greater than α Max Ambient light can be completely absorbed, while for angles smaller than α... Max It absorbs some ambient light, providing a good ambient light blocking rate, thus achieving anti-glare effects. This ensures that viewers see a high-quality projected image.

[0098] In some implementations, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first anti-glare layer 330 is closer to the viewer than the first modulation layer 320. In other implementations, such as Figure 19a , Figure 19b As shown, the first anti-glare layer 330 is further away from the viewer than the first modulation layer 320. The stacking order of the first anti-glare layer 330 and the first modulation layer 320 is not limited in this embodiment. The first modulation layer 320 may select its first surface as the optical surface, such as... Figure 19a As shown. Alternatively, a second surface can be selected as the optical surface, such as...Figure 19b as shown.

[0099] Referring to Figure 3 In some implementations, the projection screen 300 can further include a diffusion layer 340. The diffusion layer 340 is located on the same side of the first modulation layer 320 and the first anti-light layer 330, and the diffusion layer 340 is a surface diffusion structure for homogenizing light.

[0100] The diffusion layer 340 of the surface diffusion microstructure can be an independent layer structure or can be coated on the surface of other functional layers. The surface diffusion structure can be a random Gaussian diffusion structure or an array of micro-lens diffusion structures, which helps to obtain a more uniform projection picture and can also prevent glare. However, the diffusion effect will cause a part of the ambient light that should not enter the viewing area to enter the viewing area, which may affect the anti-light effect. Therefore, the diffusion angle of the diffusion structure should not be too large. Considering comprehensively, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) diffusion angle of the diffusion structure should not exceed 20°, so as to prevent part of the ambient light that should not enter the viewing area from entering the viewing area and avoid affecting the anti-light effect.

[0101] In some implementations, the pattern of the diffusion structure of the diffusion layer 340 matches the pattern of the outer contour of the projection screen 300. The viewing area is usually rectangular, so the matching of different diffusion structures and viewing areas is different. As shown in the left part of FIG. 3, Figure 20 the projection screen contour is a rectangle, and the general diffusion structure is a circular Gaussian distribution. Due to the mismatch between the circular shape and the rectangular shape, a part of the light is projected to the outside of the viewing window, causing energy loss. As shown in the middle part of FIG. 3, Figure 20 the elliptical Gaussian type diffusion structure can reduce the wasted energy to a certain extent, but the circular Gaussian and the elliptical Gaussian still have the problem of non-uniformity of high middle brightness and low edge brightness. As shown in the right part of FIG. 3, Figure 20 the rectangular uniformly distributed light spots can better project the reflected light uniformly within the viewing window. Therefore, the priority order of the diffusion structure can be rectangular, elliptical Gaussian, and circular Gaussian.

[0102] In some implementations, the particle size of the surface diffusion structure is in the scale range of 1 μm to 100 μm, and the structure fluctuation is about 1 μm to 20 μm. If the particle size is too large, the particle feeling will be heavy, and if the particle size is too small, the diffusion effect will not be achieved, which is helpful to achieve good optical effect.

[0103] If the first modulation layer 320 includes a first modulation sub-layer 322 and a second modulation sub-layer 324. In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 4, Figure 12As shown, the first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324 can be located on both sides of the first anti-light layer 330, with the second modulation sublayer 324 being closer to the viewer than the first modulation sublayer 322.

[0104] In other implementations, such as Figure 21a As shown, the first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324 can be located on the same side of the first anti-light layer 330, with the second modulation sublayer 324 being closer to the viewer than the first modulation sublayer 322. Figure 21a The projection screen 300 shown can be a transmissive screen. For transmissive screens, the ambient light affecting the viewer mainly comes from behind the screen, and can be stacked sequentially in the manner of diffusion layer, modulation layer, and anti-glare layer. Or, as... Figure 21b As shown, the array structures of the first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324 can be interchanged. This application embodiment does not limit the stacking order between the first anti-light layer 330, the first modulation sublayer 322, and the second modulation sublayer 324. This application embodiment also does not limit the arrangement direction of the structural units of the first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324.

[0105] In some implementations, the projection screen 300 may further include a second modulation layer 350. The second modulation layer 350 is provided with a plurality of structural units arranged in an array, each structural unit having at least one optical surface, and the normal directions of the optical surfaces of some or all of the structural units are different. In some embodiments, the second modulation layer 350 and the first modulation layer 320 may be located on opposite sides of the first anti-glare layer 330. This helps to achieve a larger modulation angle.

[0106] In some implementations, the second modulation layer 350 may include any one or all of the first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324. For example, as Figure 22a As shown, the second modulation layer 350 may include a first modulation sublayer 322, and the optical surface is a first surface. The projection screen is a transmissive screen with a double-layered first modulation sublayer. The second modulation layer 350 and the first modulation layer 320 are located on opposite sides of the first anti-light layer 330, which allows for a larger modulation angle. Of course, in some embodiments, a double-layered second modulation sublayer 324 may also be used, or both the first modulation sublayer 322 and the second modulation sublayer 324 may be double-layered.

[0107] Figure 22b for Figure 22a Variations of the embodiments, such as Figure 22b As shown, the first and second surfaces of the first modulation sublayer 322 also serve as optical surfaces. The modulation layer below the first anti-light layer 330 can be obtained by bonding two first modulation sublayers 322 together, or by integral molding.

[0108] In some implementations, the projection screen 300 can further include a second light-resistant layer 360. The second light-resistant layer 360 is provided with a plurality of light-transmissive regions and a plurality of light-absorbing regions, any of the light-transmissive regions and the light-absorbing regions is strip-shaped and extends along a first direction, and the light-transmissive regions and the light-absorbing regions are arranged alternately. The first direction is a direction parallel to the first side edge of the projection screen 300. In some embodiments, the second light-resistant layer 360 and the first light-resistant layer 330 can be located on two sides of the first modulation layer 320, respectively.

[0109] As shown in FIG. 3, the second light-resistant layer 360 is adjacent to the first surface of the first modulation sub-layer 322. The projection screen 300 is a transmissive screen with a double-layer light-resistant layer, which can limit ambient light more. Figure 23

[0110] The number of each functional layer is not limited to only one layer. In some implementations, the projection screen 300 can include a plurality of modulation layers, the first modulation layer 320 is any modulation layer of the plurality of modulation layers, and the second modulation layer 350 is any modulation layer of the plurality of modulation layers different from the first modulation layer 320. This helps to achieve a larger modulation angle.

[0111] In some implementations, the projection screen 300 can be a vehicle-mounted projection screen. The vehicle-mounted projection screen can be a reflective vehicle-mounted projection screen or a transmissive vehicle-mounted projection screen.

[0112] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application will be exemplarily described below taking the detection results of a reflective projection screen as an example.

[0113] The projection screen 300 adopts a structure as shown in FIG. 3, wherein the first modulation layer 320 includes a one-dimensional arrangement gradient structure of the first modulation sub-layer 322 and the second modulation sub-layer 324, the first light-resistant layer 330 adopts a grid structure with light-transmissive regions and light-absorbing regions arranged alternately, the maximum passing angle aMax≈45°, and the diffusion layer 340 adopts a circular Gaussian diffusion structure with a diffusion parameter σ=5°. Figure 12

[0114] As shown in FIG. 4, the size of the projection screen 300 is 720mm×420mm, the distance between the projector and the projection screen 300 is 1300mm, and the offset is about 72%. The viewing position of the viewer is located on both sides of the screen, and the distance from the projection screen 300 is about 700mm, and the distance from the projector-screen central axis is about 350mm. The ambient light mainly comes from the screen area on both sides. Figure 24

[0115] Figure 25 As shown in FIG. 5, it is a schematic diagram of the modulation light spot angle distribution of the projection screen. As shown in FIG. 5, the modulation light spot angle distribution of the projection screen is a Gaussian distribution. Figure 24 Figure 25 ​​​​As shown, in the left and right 30-degree range, the illumination and uniformity are good.

[0116] Figure 26 For Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the sampling point positions of the projection screen is shown. As Figure 26 shown, considering the symmetry, the middle position 1 of the screen, the left middle position 2, and the lower left position 3 can be selected for comparison with the Fresnel projection screen. The actual effect of the simulation viewer seeing these positions is shown in Table 1, which is Figure 24 shown, the index comparison of the projection screen and the Fresnel screen.

[0117] Table 1

[0118]

[0119] wherein the gain and the ambient light shielding rate are defined as follows:

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Regarding the actual manufacturing process flow, the projection screen of the embodiment of the present application can have multiple process combination modes. Hereinafter, a reflective projection screen is taken as an example for exemplary description and display, wherein the first modulation layer 320 is composed of two layers of one-dimensional arrangement of structural units. According to the bonding mode of the functional layer and the substrate layer on both sides, it can be divided into single-sided manufacturing process and double-sided manufacturing process.

[0123] As Figure 27 shown, the substrate layer 310 can be multi-layered. One single-sided manufacturing process of the projection screen 300 mainly includes: manufacturing the first modulation sub-layer 322, the first light-resistant layer 330, the second modulation sub-layer 324, and the diffusion layer 340 on each substrate layer 310 respectively, and then laminating the four layers to form a complete projection screen. The first modulation sub-layer 322 is reflective, and the first surface is used as the optical surface. The second modulation sub-layer 324 is transmissive, and the second surface is used as the optical surface. In this way, the four functional layers are separately manufactured and then laminated, and the process is relatively simple, and the manufacturing of each layer will not affect each other. However, four substrate layers are used, and the overall thickness is relatively thick.

[0124] It can be understood that the optical surface of the transmission type modulation layer needs to have a certain refractive index difference on both sides to produce refraction. The manufacturing process of the transmission type screen is different from that of the reflection type screen. First, the optical surface of the modulation layer does not need a reflective coating, and a antireflection coating or the like can be needed according to requirements. Second, the manufacturing process will be different according to the designed refractive index difference. The greater the refractive index difference Δn (= n2-n1) on both sides of the optical surface, the more obvious the refraction effect, and the greater the range of the exit light angle that the same incident light can be refracted.

[0125] Figures 28a-28b is a schematic diagram of two surface conditions of the transmission type modulation layer. For Figure 27 The second modulation sub-layer 324 shown in the figure has two conditions as shown in Figure 28a , Figure 28b , regardless of whether the first surface or the second surface is used as the optical surface. Among them, n2 is the refractive index of the micro-structure unit 321, and the optical surface of the structure unit 321 can be filled with a material according to the designed refractive index n1 value, as shown in Figure 28a Both sides of the second modulation sub-layer 324 are material media. Or, air filling is performed, as shown in Figure 28b One side of the second modulation sub-layer 324 is a material medium, and the other side is air. If the air-filled structure is selected, a glue dipping and bonding process needs to be used. Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the glue dipping and bonding process, as shown in Figure 29 The glue is coated on one side of the plane, and then bonding is performed, so that only the structure high point on the other side is bonded with the glue layer on the plane side, so as to ensure the air cavity at the structure gap. The structure shown in Figure 28b needs to ensure that the high points of different structure units are on the same plane.

[0126] Figure 30 The embodiment improves the embodiment of Figure 27 , as shown in Figure 30 The diffusion layer 340 can be directly manufactured on the surface of the second modulation sub-layer 324. In this way, the glue dipping and bonding process can be reduced, the process flow can be simplified, the substrate layer of the diffusion layer can be saved, and the overall thickness can be reduced. Figure 30 The embodiment is equivalent to Figure 28b , when the second modulation sub-layer 324 and the diffusion layer 340 are adjacent, and the second surface of the second modulation sub-layer 324 is the optical surface. When the second surface close to the side of the viewer is designed as air medium, the diffusion layer 340 can be made on the structure of the optical surface, that is, the diffusion layer 340 can be made on the plane or on the curved surface, as shown in Figure 30The diffusion layer 340 can be made by sandblasting, etching, electron beam texturing, laser texturing, or other processes to form diffusion structures on the surface of the second modulation sub-layer 324, or by using these processes to make a mold and then making a mold transfer.

[0127] In some specific implementations, as shown in FIG. 6, the second modulation sub-layer 324 and the diffusion layer 340 are directly integrated on the mold, and the modulation layer with diffusion structures can be directly made by one-step process. Figure 31 In some implementations, a double-sided manufacturing process can be used to manufacture two adjacent functional layers on the same substrate layer. As shown in FIG. 7, the first light-resistant layer 330 and the second modulation sub-layer 324 are manufactured on the substrate layer 310, the first modulation sub-layer 322 and the diffusion layer 340 are manufactured on the first light-resistant layer 330, and finally the two layers of films are laminated to form a complete projection screen.

[0128] Figure 32a As shown in FIG. 8, the first modulation sub-layer 322 and the first light-resistant layer 330 are manufactured on the substrate layer 310, and then the second modulation sub-layer 324 and the diffusion layer 340 are manufactured on the first light-resistant layer 330, and finally the two layers of films are laminated to form a complete projection screen. This helps to reduce the overall thickness while taking into account the process difficulty. Figure 32b Using a double-sided manufacturing process can further reduce the number of substrate layers. The entire manufacturing process can be made on the same substrate layer. As shown in FIG. 9, the first modulation sub-layer 322 and the first light-resistant layer 330 are manufactured on both sides of the substrate layer 310, then the second modulation sub-layer 324 is manufactured on the surface of the first light-resistant layer 330, and finally the diffusion layer 340 is manufactured on the second surface of the second modulation sub-layer 324.

[0129] Figure 33a As shown in FIG. 10, the second modulation sub-layer 324 and the first light-resistant layer 330 are manufactured on both sides of the substrate layer 310, then the first modulation sub-layer 322 is manufactured on the surface of the first light-resistant layer 330, and finally the diffusion layer 340 is manufactured on the second surface of the second modulation sub-layer 324. Compared with the previous embodiments, Figure 33b Figure 33a , Figure 33b

[0130] ​​​​Compared with the above-mentioned manufacturing process of the reflective projection screen, the manufacturing process of the transmissive projection screen of the embodiment of the application mainly changes the first modulation sub-layer to be transmissive, which has greater design freedom and more optional scheme combinations, but is still a process deformation and combination of the above-mentioned embodiments in general, and will not be described in detail. According to the selected first surface or second surface as the optical surface, the manufacturing process flow is slightly changed. For example, the first modulation sub-layer 322 can adopt the second surface as the optical surface.

[0131] The projection screen provided by the embodiment of the application can be transmissive or reflective, and is composed of multiple layers of microstructures, i.e., a first modulation layer, a first light-resistant layer and a diffusion layer, and the arrangement order and number of each layer are not unique. The first modulation layer can include a first modulation sub-layer and a second modulation sub-layer which are both one-dimensional array structures, and the structural unit can be any one of a cylindrical mirror, a prism and a free-form mirror. The array directions of the first modulation sub-layer and the second modulation sub-layer are different, and can be perpendicular or form a certain angle. Each structural unit has at least one optical surface, and the normal of the optical surface of each unit can be independently set to modulate the direction of the main light, thereby achieving the required optical effect. The first light-resistant layer is composed of alternating light-transmissive areas and light-absorbing areas, and can completely absorb ambient light exceeding a certain angle, thereby having the effect of resisting light. The diffusion layer is a surface diffusion structure and can homogenize light. The embodiment of the application can reasonably and efficiently distribute projection light, can absorb ambient light of a large angle, has high gain and good ambient light shielding rate. The design of two one-dimensional array modulation sub-layers in different directions also helps to reduce the difficulty of processing and manufacturing, and is suitable for occasions such as vehicle-mounted projection screens.

[0132] The embodiment of the application also provides a vehicle, Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of a component unit / part component unit of the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the application. As shown in Figure 34 the vehicle 3400 can include the projection screen 300 as described in any of the foregoing. For example, the projection screen 300 can be arranged in front of the windshield (automobile head-up display), the front of the position between the driver's seat and the front passenger seat.

[0133] Those skilled in the art can understand, Figure 34 is merely an example of the vehicle 3400 and does not constitute a limitation on the vehicle. It can include more or fewer components than the diagram, or combine certain components, or different components.

[0134] It should be understood that the vehicle in the embodiments of the present application can be a wheeled vehicle or working equipment on land. The vehicle can be a motor vehicle, and the vehicle can be a motor vehicle for people to ride on the road, or a motor vehicle for transporting goods, and a vehicle for special engineering operations. The vehicle can be a passenger car and a truck, the passenger car can be a private car, a bus, a business car, and the passenger car can also be a soft seat car, a hard sleeper car, a soft sleeper car, a dining car, a luggage car, a postal car, etc. The truck can be a flat car, an open car, a box car, a tank car, a heat preservation car, etc. The vehicle can also be a special vehicle, such as a cash transport vehicle, a van, or a vehicle-mounted shelter, etc. The van or vehicle-mounted shelter is used for special compartment equipment that needs to be operated in the field, such as geological exploration, water conservancy engineering, construction engineering, army field operation, communication, etc. The vehicle in the embodiments of the present application can be a traditional energy driven vehicle, such as a gasoline, diesel, or natural gas driven vehicle, or a new energy driven vehicle, such as an electric vehicle, a hydrogen energy vehicle, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the type of vehicle.

[0135] The embodiments of the present application also provide a projection system, comprising: a projection device and the projection screen 300 as described in any of the preceding embodiments, the projection device is used to irradiate the outgoing projection light to the projection screen 300. Therefore, the observer can watch the content displayed on the projection screen, such as a video, an image, etc.

[0136] Optionally, the projection device can adopt a laser television, the projection light emitted by the laser television is irradiated to the projection screen 300, and is reflected by the projection screen 300 and then emitted to the visual field of the viewer.

[0137] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis, and the part not described or recorded in a certain embodiment can be referred to the related description of other embodiments.

[0138] Those skilled in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed in the present application can be realized by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are realized in hardware or software mode depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. The skilled person can use different methods to realize the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present application.

[0139] In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatuses / devices and methods can be implemented in other manners. For example, the embodiments of the apparatus / device described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the modules or units is merely logical function division, and there can be another division manner in actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between different units, can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0140] It should be understood that the term "comprising" as used in the specification and the appended claims indicates the presence of the recited features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0141] It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used in the specification and the appended claims indicates any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations of those items.

[0142] As used in the specification and the appended claims, the term "if" can be interpreted as meaning "when" or "once" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detecting" depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if [a described condition or event] is detected" can be interpreted as meaning "once it is determined" or "in response to the determination" or "once [the described condition or event] is detected" or "in response to detecting [the described condition or event]" depending on the context.

[0143] In addition, in the description of the specification and the appended claims, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish descriptions, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A projection screen, characterized by The projection screen comprises a substrate layer, a first modulation layer, and a first light-resistant layer. The first modulation layer is provided with a plurality of structural units arranged in an array, any of the structural units has at least one optical surface, and normal directions of the optical surfaces of some or all of the structural units are different and are arranged at a preset angle to modulate the direction of incident light. The first light-resistant layer is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting areas and a plurality of light-absorbing areas, any of the light-transmitting areas and the light-absorbing areas is in a strip shape and extends along a first direction, the light-transmitting areas and the light-absorbing areas are arranged alternately, and the first direction is parallel to a first side of the projection screen. A projection pattern of any of the structural units on the substrate layer is a polygon.

2. The projection screen of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of structural units are divided into a plurality of groups of structural units arranged along a second direction, all of the structural units in any of the groups of structural units are arranged along the first direction, the angle between the normal direction of the optical surface of the plurality of groups of structural units and the first side of the substrate layer gradually increases or gradually decreases along the second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first side, and the first side is a combined side of the substrate layer and the first modulation layer.

3. The projection screen of claim 2, wherein, The first modulation layer comprises a first modulation sub-layer and a second modulation sub-layer, the first modulation sub-layer is provided with some of the structural units, any of the structural units is in a strip shape, and the some of the structural units are arranged in an array along a third direction, the angle between the third direction and the first side of the projection screen is a first preset angle.

4. The projection screen of claim 1, wherein, The second modulation sub-layer is provided with another some of the structural units, any of the structural units is in a strip shape, and the another some of the structural units are arranged in an array along a fourth direction, the angle between the fourth direction and the third direction is a second preset angle. The structural unit is any one of a cylindrical mirror, a prism, and a free-form surface mirror.

5. The projection screen of claim 4, wherein, The second modulation sub-layer is closer to a viewer than the first modulation sub-layer, the type of the first modulation sub-layer is reflective, and the type of the second modulation sub-layer is transmissive; or 6. The projection screen of claim 4, wherein, The types of the first modulation sub-layer and the second modulation sub-layer are both transmissive. The width dimension of the projection pattern of any of the structural units on the substrate layer is less than or equal to the pixel size of the projection screen.

7. The projection screen according to any of claims 1-6, wherein, The tangent value of a preset viewing angle of the projection screen is less than the ratio of the width of the light-transmitting area to the height of the light-absorbing area.

8. The projection screen according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The projection screen further comprises a diffusion layer on the same side of the first modulation layer and the first light-resistant layer, the diffusion layer is a surface diffusion structure for homogenizing light, the half-width value of the diffusion angle of the diffusion layer is less than or equal to 20°, and / or the pattern of the diffusion structure of the diffusion layer matches the outer contour pattern of the projection screen.

9. The projection screen according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The projection screen further comprises a second modulation layer provided with a plurality of structural units arranged in an array, any of the structural units has at least one optical surface, and the normal directions of the optical surfaces of some or all of the structural units are different. ​ ​ ​ 10. The projection screen according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, ​ ​ The second light-resistant layer is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting areas and a plurality of light-absorbing areas, any of the light-transmitting areas and the light-absorbing areas is in a strip shape and extends along the first direction, and the light-transmitting areas and the light-absorbing areas are arranged alternately.

11. The projection screen according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The projection screen is a vehicle-mounted projection screen.

12. A vehicle characterized by comprising: The projection screen comprises the projection screen as claimed in any one of claims 1-11.

13. A projection system, characterized by The projection screen comprises: The projection device and the projection screen as claimed in any one of claims 1-11, wherein the projection device is used for irradiating the projected light rays to the projection screen.

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