Millimeter wave antenna unit and transmit-receive antenna

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of antennas, and specifically discloses a millimeter wave antenna unit and a transmit-receive antenna, comprising an antenna unit, the antenna unit comprises a dielectric plate, a microstrip feeder line and a plurality of radiation patch pairs are etched on the dielectric plate, the microstrip feeder line comprises a coupling line, and the tail end of the coupling line is an open circuit end; the radiation patch pair is composed of two radiation patches, namely a first radiation patch and a second radiation patch, the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch are located on the two sides of the coupling line, and gaps are reserved between the first radiation patch and the coupling line and between the second radiation patch and the coupling line. The circularly polarized antenna has relatively high rain and fog interference resistance and multipath reflection suppression capability; the millimeter wave antenna unit and the transmit-receive antenna provided by the utility model are simple in structure, low in cost, simple to manufacture and easier to realize in a vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar, circular polarization can be realized only by a single layer, the beam width and gain of the antenna can be flexibly changed according to requirements, the antenna unit can be directly replaced in a verified array, and the array does not need to be changed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of antenna, especially relates to a millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the polarization mode of vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar is generally linear polarization, compared with single linear polarization wave, circular polarization wave has strong anti-rain and fog interference and multi-path reflection suppression ability, and is very suitable for application in vehicle-mounted radar, although circular polarization antenna has various benefits, but forming circular polarization wave needs to excite orthogonal, equal amplitude and phase difference 90 DEG electromagnetic mode on the surface of the antenna, therefore, compared with linear polarization microstrip antenna structure, millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna are more complex. South China University of Technology discloses a novel 3D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar circular polarization antenna (CN 117353000 A), which is made of CNC full metal processing technology, and circular polarization and radiation pattern high symmetry smoothness are realized by four layer metallization structure antenna. Electronic Science and Technology University discloses a ring-shaped broadband circular polarization on-chip antenna applied to millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar (CN 115377690 A), the antenna comprises: metal ground layer 1, silicon substrate layer 2, silicon dioxide layer 3 and passivation layer 4 stacked from bottom to top, the metal ring-shaped antenna 5 is arranged in the silicon dioxide layer, through the design of ring-shaped radiation patch structure, arc angle structure and umbrella-like slot structure in the metal ring-shaped antenna, the circular polarization performance of wideband wide beam can be realized. Nanjing Fengguan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. discloses a slot antenna and radar (CN 220856930 U), eight-shaped slots are formed on the SIW, and the left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization in the central frequency radiation direction are respectively realized through the feed structure of the dielectric main body two ends.

[0003] Although the above-mentioned method can realize circular polarization, it usually needs multi-layer structure, and the structure is complex and the cost is high, so it is not easy to realize in vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0004] The utility model aims at solving the technical problems in the background art, and provides a millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna.

[0005] In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0006] A millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna, comprising an antenna unit, the antenna unit comprises a dielectric plate, a microstrip feed line and a plurality of radiation patch pairs are etched on the dielectric plate, the microstrip feed line comprises a coupling line, and the end of the coupling line is an open end;

[0007] The radiation patches are composed of two radiation patch pairs, which are a first radiation patch pair and a second radiation patch pair.

[0008] The microstrip feed line further comprises a 50-ohm feed line, one end of the 50-ohm feed line is connected with the radio frequency chip, and the other end of the 50-ohm feed line is connected with one end of the coupling line away from the open end.

[0009] The distance between the center position of the first radiation patch closest to the open end and the open end is λg, and λg is the wavelength in the medium.

[0010] The distance between the center position of the second radiation patch closest to the open end and the open end is (1 / 4+1)λg.

[0011] The distance between the center positions of two adjacent first radiation patches is λg, and the distance between the center positions of two adjacent second radiation patches is λg.

[0012] The wide side of the first radiation patch corresponds to the narrow side of the second radiation patch and is close to the coupling line.

[0013] The first radiation patch and the second radiation patch are both provided with a slot, and the slot is in the shape of a rectangular slot or a rhombic slot.

[0014] The utility model further comprises a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, wherein the transmitting antenna is composed of four antenna units with four radiation patch pairs, and the receiving antenna is composed of four antenna units with three radiation patch pairs.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:

[0016] 1. Compared with a linearly polarized antenna, the circularly polarized antenna has strong anti-rain and anti-fog interference and multi-path reflection suppression capability.

[0017] 2. Compared with a vehicle-mounted circularly polarized antenna in the prior art, the millimeter wave antenna unit and the transceiving antenna provided by the utility model have a simple structure, can realize circular polarization only in a single layer, are low in cost, simple to manufacture, and easy to realize in a vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar.

[0018] 3. The millimeter wave antenna unit and the transceiving antenna provided by the utility model have similar structure size to traditional linear polarization microstrip antennas, can flexibly change antenna beam width and gain according to requirements, and can directly replace the antenna unit in a verified array without changing the array.

[0019] The utility model is further described below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the antenna unit in the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a partial structure schematic view of the antenna unit in the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a principle schematic view of the circularly polarized wave generated by the antenna unit in the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a directional diagram simulation result schematic view of the antenna unit in the utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 It is an axial ratio simulation result schematic view of the antenna unit in the utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a comparison schematic view of the number of radiation patch pairs of the antenna unit in the utility model, wherein the upper side has two radiation patch pairs, and the lower side has four radiation patch pairs;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a comparison schematic view of different slot forms in the radiation patch pair of the antenna unit in the utility model, wherein the radiation patch pair in the upper side is provided with a rectangular slot, and the radiation patch pair in the lower side is provided with a rhombic slot;

[0028] Figure 8 It is an application schematic view of the transceiving antenna in the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be practiced in a variety of ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0030] As shown in Figure 1 , a single-layer millimeter wave antenna unit and a transceiving antenna are composed of a dielectric plate 1, a microstrip feed line 2 and three radiation patch pairs 3. In this embodiment, the dielectric plate is Rogers R3003G2, with a thickness of 0.127mm and a dielectric constant of 3.07. The lower surface of the dielectric plate 1 is coated with copper, and the upper surface is etched with the microstrip feed line 2 and the three radiation patch pairs 3.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2 , the microstrip feed line 2 is composed of a 50-ohm feed line 21 and a coupling line 22, wherein the 50-ohm feed line 21 is used to link with a radio frequency chip. The end of the coupling line 22 is an open-circuit end 221. The radiation patch pair 3 is composed of two rectangular patches, a first radiation patch 31 and a second radiation patch 32, which are located on both sides of the coupling line 22, with a gap of about 0.1-0.2mm from the coupling line 22. The width of the gap can control the coupling level of the first radiation patch 31, the second radiation patch 32 and the coupling line 22. The distance between the first radiation patch 31 and the open-circuit end 221 is about λg, and λg is the wavelength in the dielectric. The distance between the second radiation patch 32 and the open-circuit end 221 is about (1 / 4+1)λg. The sizes of the first radiation patch 31 and the second radiation patch 32 are similar, wherein the narrow edge 311 and the wide edge 312 of the first radiation patch 31 correspond to the wide edge 322 and the narrow edge 321 of the second radiation patch 32, respectively. The distance between each radiation patch pair 3 is about λg.

[0032] As shown in Figure 3 , the principle of realizing circular polarization is as follows: the microstrip feed line 2 is open-circuited at the end, at which time a standing wave is generated on the coupling line 22, and the voltage is maximum and the current is 0 at the open-circuit end 221. The distance between the first radiation patch 31 and the open-circuit end 221 is λg, and the first radiation patch 31 is located at the voltage antinode. When the length of the narrow edge 311 is consistent with the resonant length, a TM 10 mode perpendicular to the first radiation patch 31 is excited; the distance between the second radiation patch 32 and the open-circuit end 221 is (1 / 4+1)λg, and the second radiation patch 32 is located at the current antinode. When the length of the narrow edge 321 is consistent with the resonant length, a TM 01The electromagnetic modes of the first radiation patch 31 and the second radiation patch 32 are orthogonal to each other, equal in amplitude and 90 degrees out of phase, forming a circularly polarized wave.

[0033] Figure 4 、 Figure 5 The simulation results of the embodiment are shown, from which it can be seen that the antenna polarization mode is right-hand circular polarization, the maximum gain is about 10.5dB, the horizontal 3dB beam width is about 60°, the elevation 3dB beam width is about 20°, the cross-polarization isolation is above 15dB within the range of ±30°, the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 76.85-80.2GHz, and the absolute bandwidth reaches 3.35GHz.

[0034] As shown in Figure 6 , the number of the radiation patch pairs 3 can be adjusted according to requirements, if the number of the radiation patch pairs 3 is increased, the gain of the antenna will be increased and the beam will be narrowed, and vice versa.

[0035] As shown in Figure 7 , slots can be opened in the radiation patch to limit the current direction, improve the cross-polarization isolation, and the slot forms include but are not limited to rectangular slots 313, 323 and diamond slots 314, 324.

[0036] As shown in Figure 8 , the millimeter wave antenna unit of the utility model is applied to a 4-transmitting-4-receiving array, TX represents a transmitting antenna, RX represents a receiving antenna, and MMIC represents a millimeter wave radio frequency chip.

[0037] The 4-transmitting-4-receiving array of the embodiment, the original antenna unit is linear polarization, and the millimeter wave antenna unit and the transceiving antenna structure size of the utility model are similar to those of a traditional linear polarization antenna unit, so the millimeter wave antenna unit and the transceiving antenna structure can be directly replaced.

[0038] In the embodiment, according to the system requirements such as gain and beam width, the number of the radiation patch pairs of the transmitting antenna is 4, and the number of the radiation patch pairs of the receiving antenna is 3.

[0039] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any form. Any person skilled in the art, without departing from the technical scheme of the present application, can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical scheme of the present application, or modify it into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the shape, structure and principle of the present application, without departing from the technical scheme of the present application, should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A millimeter wave antenna unit and a transceiving antenna comprising an antenna unit, the antenna unit comprising a dielectric plate, characterized by, etching a microstrip feed line and a plurality of radiating patch pairs on a dielectric plate, the microstrip feed line comprising a coupling line, an end of the coupling line being an open end; the radiating patch pairs each comprise a pair of a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch, the first and second radiating patches being located on two sides of the coupling line and each having a gap with the coupling line.

2. A millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the microstrip feed line further comprises a 50-ohm feed line, one end of the 50-ohm feed line being connected to the radio frequency chip, and the other end of the 50-ohm feed line being connected to one end of the coupling line away from the open end.

3. A millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, a distance between a center of the first radiating patch closest to the open end and the open end is λg, and λg is a wavelength in the dielectric.

4. A millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, a distance between a center of the second radiating patch closest to the open end and the open end is (1 / 4+1)λg.

5. A millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, a distance between centers of two adjacent first radiating patches is λg, and a distance between centers of two adjacent second radiating patches is λg.

6. A millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, a wide side of the first radiating patch corresponds to a narrow side of the second radiating patch and is close to the coupling line.

7. A millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the first and second radiating patches are each provided with a slot, the slot being in a rectangular shape or a rhombic shape.

8. A millimeter wave antenna unit and transceiving antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the transmitting antenna comprises four antenna units each having four radiating patch pairs, and the receiving antenna comprises four antenna units each having three radiating patch pairs.

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