Multi-environment variable water head seepage erosion assembly type test device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-environment variable water head seepage erosion assembly type test device, belongs to the technical field of road engineering geotechnical material test devices, and aims to overcome the defect that the selection flexibility of a test sample and a test environment of an existing variable water head seepage test device is poor. The test device comprises an upstream water tank, a downstream water tank and a cavity device, the cavity device comprises two semi-cylindrical acrylic pipe pieces, and a detection sensor is arranged on the side wall of the cavity device; the upstream water tank, the downstream water tank and the cavity device are all provided with flange plates, the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank are detachably and fixedly connected with the cavity device through bolts on the flange plates, and structural waterproof glue is arranged at the joints. When repeated tests are carried out, only the cavity device needs to be simply disassembled, the samples are replaced, different samples can be conveniently tested, the resonance phenomenon of the supergravity environment can be reduced through the non-integrated disassembling structure, and the test device has good flexibility.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of road engineering geotechnical material test device, and relates to a multi -environment variable water head seepage erosion assembled test device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water and soil loss and seepage erosion are important research topics in the field of geological environment and water resource protection, and have important influence on engineering construction and ecological environment protection. Especially under supergravity or normal gravity environment, seepage erosion phenomenon presents complex dynamic characteristics, directly affecting the stability of foundation, slope stability and soil erosion process. However, the existing test device is mostly limited to normal gravity environment, and it is difficult to effectively simulate the seepage erosion behavior under supergravity condition, resulting in limited related research.

[0003] Traditional variable water head seepage test device generally adopts integral structure, and has the following defects:

[0004] It cannot be compatible with supergravity environment, such as high gravity acceleration scene simulated by geotechnical centrifuge, resulting in significant difference between test conditions and actual engineering environment, poor adaptability; sensor needs to be implanted in advance for sample preparation, repeated test aggravates sensor wear, and the molding and demolding process is complicated, which is difficult to meet the test repeatability requirement, and the operation is complex; the device is mostly closed structure, and the dynamic process of seepage erosion cannot be directly observed, which affects the intuitiveness and accuracy of data acquisition, and the observation is greatly limited; it is difficult to adjust the structure of the device according to the test requirement, such as replacing sensor type, which limits the diversity of experimental design and has poor flexibility.

[0005] Although geotechnical centrifuge technology has been used to simulate supergravity environment, the existing seepage erosion device has poor adaptability, and structure instability and other problems easily occur under high-speed centrifugal condition. In addition, the traditional device relies on integral design, and has high maintenance difficulty and upgrading cost. SUMMARY

[0006] The utility model discloses a kind of multi-environment variable water head seepage erosion assembled test devices for the problems existing in prior art, to overcome the defects of test sample and test environment selection of existing variable water head seepage test device.

[0007] The utility model is realized as follows:

[0008] A kind of multi-environment variable water head seepage erosion assembled test device, it is characterized by comprising:

[0009] Upstream water tank, downstream water tank, both are connected by detachable cavity device;

[0010] The cavity device includes two symmetrical detachable half-cylindrical acrylic pipe pieces, and detection sensors are mounted on the side wall of the cavity device.

[0011] The bottom of the upstream water tank, the top of the downstream water tank, the top of the cavity device and the top of the cavity device are provided with connecting ports to communicate the upstream water tank, the cavity device and the downstream water tank, and the top of the upstream water tank is provided with a one-way valve communication pipe, and the downstream water tank is provided with a water outlet;

[0012] The upstream water tank, the downstream water tank and the cavity device all have flanges, and the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank are detachably fixedly connected with the cavity device through bolts on the flanges, and the connecting portion is provided with structural waterproof glue.

[0013] The device can perform conventional seepage erosion test in normal gravity environment, and through the assembly type structure characteristics, it can be adapted to soil centrifuge and other equipment to simulate seepage erosion behavior in supergravity environment, greatly widening the environmental adaptability of the test and meeting the research needs of different engineering scenes.

[0014] Since the cavity device adopts a detachable semicylindrical tube piece design, sample preparation does not need to be implanted in advance like traditional devices. When repeating the test, only the cavity device needs to be simply disassembled, and the sample can be replaced, meeting the test repeatability requirement. The convenient sample processing function reduces the sample preparation and replacement time, reduces the sensor loss cost, and the visual observation function speeds up the analysis speed of the test phenomenon, improves the test efficiency as a whole, so that more test research can be completed in the same time.

[0015] Preferably, the wall surface of at least one of the acrylic tube pieces is provided with a mounting hole, and the detection sensor can be detachably fixed in the mounting hole. Researchers can select different types of detection sensors according to different test requirements, such as pressure sensors, flow sensors, displacement sensors, etc., and install them in the mounting hole. For example, when the water pressure change in the seepage process needs to be measured, a pressure sensor can be installed; if the displacement of soil particles needs to be monitored, a displacement sensor is more suitable. Such flexibility enables the test device to adapt to a variety of different seepage erosion research scenarios.

[0016] Preferably, the upper end of the cavity device is equipped with a filter screen or an anti-backflow funnel, the anti-backflow funnel containing filter beads. The primary function of the filter screen is to purify the test medium entering the cavity device; its secondary function is to filter and collect particles of a specific size. Different filter screens with different pore sizes can be selected for different test requirements. In seepage erosion tests, the test medium may contain various impurity particles. If these impurity particles enter the test area, they may interfere with the test results and affect the accurate study of the seepage erosion mechanism. The filter screen can effectively intercept these impurities, ensuring the purity of the water flow or other test media entering the cavity device, providing more reliable conditions for the test. The anti-backflow funnel also plays a filtering role through the filter beads, and can prevent eroded soil particles from flowing upwards into the upstream water tank.

[0017] Preferably, the acrylic tube is transparent. Researchers can directly observe the seepage path of water in the soil through the transparent acrylic tube. In seepage erosion experiments, the trajectory of water flowing from the upstream tank through the cavity device into the downstream tank, within the soil pores, can be clearly observed, identifying the dominant channels and weak points of the water flow. This is crucial for a deeper understanding of seepage patterns. As the seepage process progresses, soil particles migrate under the influence of the water flow. Utilizing the transparency of the acrylic tube, researchers can track the movement of soil particles in real time, observing how particles detach from the soil, are carried by the water flow, and their deposition locations within the device, providing direct evidence for studying soil erosion mechanisms.

[0018] At least one acrylic segment has height markings on its wall. During seepage erosion tests, the water level changes with the inflow and outflow of water and the seepage characteristics of the soil. The height markings allow researchers to accurately measure the water level at different times, thereby calculating the rate of water level change. For example, by recording the water level rise from the marking "5cm" to "8cm" over a certain period, it can be determined that the water level rose by 3cm during that period, allowing for the analysis of relevant parameters such as seepage velocity and flow rate. Erosion is the process by which soil is dragged and migrated by water flow in a dominant channel.

[0019] Preferably, the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank include hollow cylindrical alloy structures of the same size, with an inner diameter of 50mm and a wall thickness of 2mm; the upper and lower end faces of the hollow cylindrical alloy structure are welded with circular alloy rings with an outer diameter of 60mm and a thickness of 3mm, and the circular alloy rings have 4-6 fixing holes evenly distributed on them for anchoring the cavity device.

[0020] Preferably, the cavity device has an inner diameter of 50mm, an outer diameter of 55mm, and a height of 200mm. An acrylic plate with a height of 200mm, a thickness of 2mm, and a width of 5mm is fixed to the side by structural adhesive. Fixing holes are provided at three equal divisions of the acrylic plate for anchoring the acrylic tube segments. Mounting holes with an inner diameter of 7mm are opened on the wall surface of the acrylic tube segments at heights of 6.66mm and 13.33mm.

[0021] Preferably, the detection sensor includes a fixing part;

[0022] The fixing part is a threaded part with an outer diameter of 7mm and a height of 13mm, and the mounting hole is a threaded hole. The threaded part and the threaded hole are fixedly fitted together and sealed with glass glue; or, the fixing part is a smooth part with an outer diameter of 6.25mm and a height of 12.5mm. The smooth part is fitted with a rubber plug and fixed on the mounting hole and sealed with glass glue.

[0023] Preferably, one end of the one-way valve connecting pipe has an inner diameter of 3mm to connect to the upstream water tank, and the other end has an inner diameter of 4mm or 5mm to adapt to different hoses; a one-way bayonet valve is provided inside to prevent fluid backflow.

[0024] Preferably, the structural waterproof adhesive has a thickness of 2mm, which forms an elastic sealing interface after curing.

[0025] Preferably, the cavity device contains, from bottom to top, permeable stone, geotextile filter paper, and a sample.

[0026] The present invention has the following advantages: During repeated experiments, the cavity device can be easily disassembled and the sample replaced, facilitating the testing of different samples. The non-integrated, detachable structure reduces resonance phenomena in hypergravity environments, and the testing device exhibits good flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the cavity device;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor structure.

[0030] Figure labeling: 100, upstream water tank; 110, one-way valve connecting pipe; 200, downstream water tank; 210, outlet; 300, cavity device; 310, acrylic tube sheet; 311, mounting hole; 312, acrylic sheet; 313, fixing hole; 400, detection sensor; 410, fixing part; 500, flange; 510, structural waterproof adhesive. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to make the technical solution of this utility model easier to understand and master. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0032] This embodiment provides a modular test device for multi-environment variable head seepage erosion, such as... Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the system includes an upstream water tank 100 and a downstream water tank 200, which are connected by a detachable cavity device 300. The cavity device 300 includes two symmetrical, detachably connected semi-cylindrical acrylic tubes 310. A detection sensor 400 is mounted on the side wall of the cavity device 300. Connection ports are provided at the bottom central axis of the upstream water tank 100, the top central axis of the downstream water tank 200, and the top and top central axis of the cavity device 300, to allow the upstream water tank to... The upstream water tank 100, the cavity device 300, and the downstream water tank 200 are connected. The top of the upstream water tank 100 is equipped with a one-way valve connecting pipe 110, and the downstream water tank 200 is provided with an outlet 210. The upstream water tank 100, the downstream water tank 200, and the cavity device 300 are all equipped with flanges 500. The upstream water tank 100 and the downstream water tank 200 are detachably and fixedly connected to the cavity device 300 by bolts on the flanges 500, and structural waterproof adhesive 510 is provided at the connection.

[0033] This device can conduct conventional seepage erosion tests under normal gravity conditions. At the same time, due to its modular structure, it can be adapted to equipment such as geotextile centrifuges to simulate seepage erosion behavior under hypergravity conditions, which greatly expands the environmental adaptability of the test and meets the research needs of different engineering scenarios.

[0034] Because the cavity device 300 adopts a detachable semi-cylindrical tube design, sample preparation does not require pre-implantation of the sample as in traditional devices. During repeated experiments, the cavity device 300 can be easily disassembled and the sample replaced, meeting the requirements for experimental repeatability. The convenient sample handling function reduces sample preparation and replacement time, lowers sensor wear and tear costs, and the visualization observation function accelerates the analysis of experimental phenomena, thus improving overall experimental efficiency and allowing more experimental research to be completed within the same timeframe.

[0035] The device, constructed with a transparent acrylic cavity (300), is an open structure that allows direct observation of the dynamic process of seepage erosion. Researchers can visually observe the flow path of water within the soil and the migration of soil particles, facilitating a more accurate understanding of the seepage erosion mechanism and improving the intuitiveness and accuracy of data acquisition. Its flexible structural adjustment and visualization capabilities provide researchers with more research ideas and methods, enabling more in-depth and diverse studies of seepage erosion and advancing research progress in the field of geological environment and water resource protection.

[0036] The non-integrated structure is achieved by dividing the device into multiple independent parts: the upstream water tank 100, the downstream water tank 200, and the cavity device 300. During operation, each part exhibits different vibration characteristics due to its relatively independent mass and stiffness distribution. When subjected to external excitations, such as the vibrations generated by the high-speed rotation of a geotextile centrifuge, the connecting parts are equipped with specific structural adhesives, preventing the parts from generating a strong overall resonance response as in an integrated structure. The differences in vibration frequency and phase between different parts allow their vibrations to cancel each other out or weaken each other, thereby reducing the possibility of overall resonance. Moreover, in a hypergravity environment, the independent mechanical properties of each component help to disperse the stress generated by high gravity, reducing the risk of structural instability due to stress concentration.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the wall surface of one of the acrylic tube segments 310 has two vertically arranged mounting holes 311, in which the detection sensor 400 is detachably fixed. Researchers can select different types of detection sensors 400, such as pressure sensors, flow sensors, and displacement sensors, and install them in the mounting holes 311 according to different experimental needs. For example, a pressure sensor can be installed when it is necessary to measure water pressure changes during seepage; a displacement sensor is more suitable for monitoring the displacement of soil particles. This flexibility allows the experimental device to adapt to various seepage erosion research scenarios. In other alternative embodiments, the number of mounting holes 311 can be one or more.

[0038] During the experiment, the sensor may require maintenance or replacement due to various reasons, such as performance degradation from long-term use or damage during the experiment. Since the sensor is detachably fixed in the mounting hole 311, researchers can easily remove it for repair or replacement without requiring extensive disassembly and adjustment of the entire experimental setup. This significantly reduces experimental interruption time caused by sensor problems, improving the continuity and efficiency of the experiment.

[0039] Furthermore, the upper end of the cavity device 300 is equipped with a filter screen or an anti-backflow funnel, the anti-backflow funnel containing filter beads. The primary function of the filter screen is to purify the test medium entering the cavity device 300; its secondary function is to filter and collect particles of a specific size. Different filter screens with different pore sizes can be selected for different test requirements. In seepage erosion tests, the test medium may contain various impurity particles. If these impurity particles enter the test area, they may interfere with the test results and affect the accurate study of the seepage erosion mechanism. The filter screen can effectively intercept these impurities, ensuring the purity of the water flow or other test media entering the cavity device 300, providing more reliable conditions for the test. The anti-backflow funnel also plays a filtering role through the filter beads, and can prevent eroded soil particles from flowing upward into the upstream water tank 100.

[0040] Researchers can directly observe the seepage path of water in the soil through the transparent acrylic tube 310. In seepage erosion experiments, the trajectory of water flowing from the upstream tank 100 through the cavity device 300 into the downstream tank 200 can be clearly seen within the soil pores, identifying the dominant channels and weak points of the water flow. This is crucial for a deeper understanding of seepage patterns. As the seepage process progresses, soil particles migrate under the influence of the water flow. Utilizing the transparency of the acrylic tube 310, researchers can track the movement of soil particles in real time, observing how particles detach from the soil, are carried by the water flow, and their deposition locations within the device, providing direct evidence for studying soil erosion mechanisms. The experimental setup is typically equipped with various sensors 400 for measuring parameters such as pressure and flow rate. The transparent acrylic tube 310 assists researchers in calibrating the sensor data. For example, when the flow data measured by the sensor does not match the visual observation of the water flow velocity and flow rate directly through the transparent tube, researchers can promptly identify and troubleshoot sensor malfunctions or installation problems, ensuring the accuracy of the data.

[0041] An acrylic tube segment 310 has height markings on its wall. During seepage erosion tests, the water level changes with the inflow and outflow of water and the seepage characteristics of the soil. The height markings allow researchers to accurately measure the water level at different times, thereby calculating the rate of water level change. For example, by recording the water level rise from the marking "5cm" to "8cm" over a certain period, it can be determined that the water level rose by 3cm during that period, allowing for the analysis of relevant parameters such as seepage velocity and flow rate. Erosion is the process by which soil is dragged and migrated by water flow in a dominant channel.

[0042] Furthermore, the upstream water tank 100 and the downstream water tank 200 include hollow cylindrical alloy structures of the same size, with an inner diameter of 50 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. The upper and lower end faces of the hollow cylindrical alloy structure are welded with circular alloy rings of 60 mm outer diameter and 3 mm thickness. Four to six fixing holes 313 are evenly distributed on the circular alloy rings for anchoring the cavity device 300. The hollow cylindrical alloy structure, as the main body of the water tank, provides a stable storage space for the water flow. During the test, the upstream water tank 100 stores water with a certain head pressure, and through its connection with the cavity device 300, provides a continuous and stable water flow force for the seepage erosion test. The downstream water tank 200 receives the water flow after seepage through the sample, ensuring the circulation of water throughout the entire test process. The circular alloy rings and their fixing holes 313 achieve a reliable anchoring connection between the water tank and the cavity device 300. By installing bolts and other connecting components in the fixing holes 313, the upstream water tank 100, downstream water tank 200, and cavity device 300 can be tightly fixed together, preventing relative displacement between the parts of the device due to water flow impact, vibration, or inertial forces under hypergravity conditions during the test, thus ensuring the overall stability of the test device. The strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy material enable the water tank to adapt to different test environments, including normal gravity environments and geotechnical centrifuge simulation tests under hypergravity conditions. In hypergravity environments, the water tank needs to withstand greater centrifugal and inertial forces; its structural design and material selection ensure that it can still function normally under these extreme conditions, providing stable water flow storage and transmission functions for seepage erosion tests.

[0043] The cavity device 300 has an inner diameter of 50mm, an outer diameter of 55mm, and a height of 200mm. An acrylic plate 312 with a height of 200mm, a thickness of 2mm, and a width of 5mm is fixed to the side by structural adhesive. Fixing holes 313 are provided at three equal divisions of the acrylic plate 312 for setting bolts to anchor the acrylic tube 310. The wall surface of the acrylic tube 310 has mounting holes 311 with an inner diameter of 7mm at heights of 6.66mm and 13.33mm.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the detection sensor 400 includes a fixing part 410; the fixing part 410 is a threaded part with an outer diameter of 7mm and a height of 13mm, and the mounting hole 311 is a threaded hole. The threaded part and the threaded hole are fixedly engaged and sealed with glass glue. In other optional embodiments, the fixing part 410 can also be a smooth part with an outer diameter of 6.25mm and a height of 12.5mm, and the smooth part is fitted with a rubber plug and fixed on the mounting hole 311 and sealed with glass glue.

[0045] Furthermore, one end of the one-way valve connecting pipe 110 has an inner diameter of 3mm to connect to the upstream water tank 100, and the other end has an inner diameter of 4mm or 5mm to adapt to different hoses; it is equipped with a one-way bayonet valve inside to prevent fluid backflow. The structural waterproof adhesive 510 has a thickness of 2mm and forms an elastic sealing interface after curing.

[0046] The cavity device 300 contains, from bottom to top, permeable stones, geotextile filter paper, and the test sample. A structural waterproof adhesive forms an effective waterproof barrier at the joints of the test device. Whether connecting the upstream water tank 100 to the cavity device 300 or the downstream water tank 200, the 2mm thick adhesive layer fills the tiny gaps between the components, preventing test water from seeping out. In seepage erosion tests under normal gravity and hypergravity environments, the stable waterproof seal ensures that water flows along a predetermined path within the device, avoiding test errors or failures due to leakage and ensuring the smooth progress of the test.

[0047] When the upstream water tank 100 is disassembled, since the device is open to the outside atmosphere, the water in the cavity device 300 will naturally flow downwards due to gravity under normal atmospheric pressure. Therefore, this experimental device is suitable for atmospheric pressure testing. The downstream water tank 200 can serve as a soil collection container, effectively trapping soil particles washed away during seepage. This collected soil provides researchers with abundant research material. By analyzing its physical properties such as mass, modulus, and viscosity, a comprehensive understanding of the internal structural changes and mechanical property alterations of the soil during seepage erosion can be achieved.

Claims

1. A multi-environment variable head seepage erosion assembled test device, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of water purification device, including: Upstream water tank (100), downstream water tank (200), two are connected by detachable cavity device (300); The cavity device (300) includes two symmetrical detachable half-cylindrical acrylic pipe pieces (310), detection sensor (400) is equipped on the side wall of the cavity device (300); The bottom of the upstream water tank (100) is provided with a connecting port at the middle axis, the top of the downstream water tank (200) is provided with a connecting port at the middle axis, and the top of the cavity device (300) is provided with a connecting port at the middle axis, so that the upstream water tank (100), the cavity device (300) and the downstream water tank (200) are communicated, the top of the upstream water tank (100) is provided with a one-way valve communication pipe (110), and the downstream water tank (200) is provided with a water outlet (210); The upstream water tank (100), the downstream water tank (200) and the cavity device (300) are all provided with flanges (500), and the upstream water tank (100) and the downstream water tank (200) are detachably connected with the cavity device (300) through bolts on the flanges (500), and structural waterproof glue (510) is arranged at the connection.

2. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion assembly type test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one wall surface of the acrylic pipe piece (310) is provided with a mounting hole (311), and the detection sensor (400) can be detachably fixed in the mounting hole (311).

3. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion assembly type testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A filter screen or an anti-backflow funnel is arranged at the upper end of the cavity device (300), and filter beads are arranged in the anti-backflow funnel.

4. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion assembly type testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acrylic pipe piece (310) is transparent. At least one wall surface of the acrylic pipe piece (310) is marked with a height scale.

5. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion assembly type testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upstream water tank (100) and the downstream water tank (200) include hollow cylindrical alloy structures with the same size, an inner diameter of 50 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm; a circular ring alloy with an outer diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 3 mm is welded to the upper and lower end faces of the hollow cylindrical alloy structure, and 4-6 fixing holes (313) are uniformly distributed on the circular ring alloy for anchoring the cavity device (300).

6. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion packaged test device of claim 1, wherein, The cavity device (300) has an inner diameter of 50 mm, an outer diameter of 55 mm and a height of 200 mm, and the side edges are fixed with acrylic plates (312) with a height of 200 mm, a thickness of 2 mm and a width of 5 mm through structural glue; the acrylic plates (312) are provided with fixing holes (313) at three equal parts for anchoring the acrylic pipe pieces (310); the wall surface of the acrylic pipe piece (310) is provided with mounting holes (311) with an inner diameter of 7 mm at a height of 6.66 mm and 13.33 mm.

7. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion packaged test device of claim 2, wherein, The detection sensor (400) includes a fixing part (410); The fixing part (410) is a threaded part with an outer diameter of 7 mm and a height of 13 mm, the mounting hole (311) is a threaded hole, and the threaded part and the threaded hole are fixedly matched and sealed and fixed through glass glue; alternatively, the fixing part (410) is a smooth part with an outer diameter of 6.25 mm and a height of 12.5 mm, the smooth part is fixed on the mounting hole (311) by sleeving a rubber plug and is sealed and fixed through glass glue.

8. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion packaged test device of claim 1, wherein, The one-way valve communication pipe (110) has one end with an inner diameter of 3 mm to connect the upstream water tank (100) and the other end with an inner diameter of 4 mm or 5 mm to adapt to different hoses; a one-way bayonet valve is arranged inside to prevent fluid backflow.

9. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion packaged test device of claim 1, wherein, The waterproof structural adhesive has a thickness of 2 mm, and forms an elastic sealing interface after curing.

10. The multi-environment variable head seepage erosion packaged test device of claim 1, wherein, The cavity device (300) is sequentially filled with a water-permeable stone, a geotextile filter paper and a sample from bottom to top.

Images