Quantum sensing probe based on three-photon excitation microwave

Abstract

The utility model discloses a microwave quantum sensing probe based on three-photon excitation. The microwave quantum sensing probe comprises a large rectangular prism, an atomic gas chamber, a color separation prism, a small rectangular prism, a first port, a second port, a third port, a detection light input optical fiber collimator, a decoration light and coupling light optical fiber collimator and a detection light output optical fiber collimator. The device is simple and compact in structure, and can solve the problems that an optical system in a conventional microwave quantum measurement system is complex and huge and cannot carry out portable detection. In addition, the device can also be suitable for a Rydberg atom three-photon excitation mode, and can be combined with the Rydberg atom three-photon excitation mode to build a transportable microwave measurement system suitable for the three-photon excitation mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the fields of microwave quantum measurement and microwave quantum sensing probes, specifically to a microwave quantum sensing probe based on three-photon excitation. Background Technology

[0002] Measuring microwave electric field strength based on Rydberg atoms is a novel method for measuring microwave electric field strength that offers advantages such as higher sensitivity, greater bandwidth, traceability, and absence of metal interference. The principle involves using a laser to excite Rydberg atoms stored in a glass bulb to a Rydberg state, which is then coupled to the corresponding microwave frequency to measure the microwave electric field. Due to its advantages not found in traditional dipole antennas, it has significant application value in the field of microwave measurement.

[0003] Current microwave electric field measurements based on Rydberg atoms are mainly conducted on optical platforms, resulting in complex and large systems with numerous optical components. The atomic gas cell detection section and the optical transmission section are independent, making it difficult to apply this technology to practical measurements. In addition, some research teams have designed integrated optical fiber and atomic gas cell structures. In 2018, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published a two-photon linear two-port fiber-coupled atomic gas cell. The fiber with the probe wavelength is used for probe light transmission, while the fiber with the coupling wavelength is used for coupling light transmission and probe light reception. The coupling efficiency of the probe light is 17%. However, the above fiber-coupled atomic gas cell structures are generally only suitable for two-photon excitation types. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a microwave quantum sensing probe based on three-photon excitation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A microwave quantum sensing probe based on three-photon excitation includes a large right-angle prism, an atomic gas cell, a dichroic prism, a small right-angle prism, a first port, a second port, a third port, a probe light input fiber collimator, a décor light and a coupling light fiber collimator, and a probe light output fiber collimator.

[0007] In the probe light input fiber collimator, one end of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail is inserted into one end of the small glass sleeve and fixed, one end of the Grin lens is inserted into the other end of the small glass sleeve and fixed, and the large glass sleeve is connected to the outside of the small glass sleeve.

[0008] In the probe light output fiber collimator, one end of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail is inserted into and fixed to one end of the small glass sleeve, and one end of the Grin lens is inserted into and fixed to the other end of the small glass sleeve; the large glass sleeve is fitted over the outside of the small glass sleeve.

[0009] In the fiber collimator for embellished and coupled light, one end of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail is inserted into and fixed to one end of the small glass sleeve, one end of the Grin lens is inserted into and fixed to the other end of the small glass sleeve, and the large glass sleeve is fitted over the outside of the small glass sleeve.

[0010] The upper end of the atomic gas chamber is fixed to the left side of the hypotenuse of the large right-angle prism, the dichroic prism is fixed to the right side of the hypotenuse of the large right-angle prism, and the small right-angle prism is fixed to the right side of the dichroic prism.

[0011] The first port is connected to the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail and the probe laser; the second port is connected to the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail and the photodetector; the third port is connected to the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail and the embellishment and coupling lasers; the end of the large glass sleeve two near the Grin lens two is fixed to the bottom side of the dichroic prism, the end of the large glass sleeve three near the Grin lens three is fixed to the bottom side of the small right-angle prism, and the end of the large glass sleeve one near the Grin lens one is fixed to the lower end of the atomic gas cell.

[0012] Furthermore, the atomic gas chamber is a glass container filled with rubidium alkali metal atom gas.

[0013] Furthermore, the first single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail is used to input probe light with a wavelength of 779–781 nm; the third single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail is used to simultaneously input embellishment light with a wavelength of 775–777 nm and coupling light with a wavelength of 1259–1261 nm; and the second single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail is used to output probe light with a wavelength of 779–781 nm. Both the large right-angle prism and the small right-angle prism are used to filter the probe light with a wavelength of 779–781 nm, the embellishment light with a wavelength of 775–777 nm, and... The coupling light with a wavelength of 1259–1261 nm is reflected; the dichroic prism is used to achieve a transmission-to-reflection ratio of 50:50 for the probe light with a wavelength of 779–781 nm and the decorative light with a wavelength of 775–777 nm, and to achieve total internal reflection transmission for the coupling light with a wavelength of 1259–1261 nm; the coatings of the first and second Grin lenses cover the wavelength band of 779–781 nm, and the coating of the third Grin lens covers the wavelength band of 1259–1261 nm.

[0014] Furthermore, the air gap distance between the Grin lens and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail allows the beam waist of the probe light to be focused at the center of the atomic gas cell.

[0015] Furthermore, the air gap distance between the Grin lens two and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail allows the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail to receive the maximum power.

[0016] Furthermore, the air gap distance between the Grin lens three and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail allows the embellishment light and the coupling beam to be focused at the middle position of the atomic gas cell.

[0017] The advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention has a simple and compact structure, which solves the problem of complex and bulky optical systems in current microwave quantum measurement systems, making them unsuitable for portable detection. Furthermore, this invention is also suitable for Rydberg atom three-photon excitation, and can be combined with Rydberg atom three-photon excitation to build a portable microwave measurement system suitable for three-photon excitation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the probe structure in an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that this embodiment is based on the present technical solution and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0020] This embodiment provides a three-photon excited microwave quantum sensing probe, which can be applied to Rydberg atom-based microwave measurement systems. It features a more compact design, co-side fiber optic connections, the ability to transmit three types of lasers, and high coupling efficiency. Figure 1 As shown, the three-photon-excited microwave quantum sensing probe includes a large right-angle prism 1, an atomic gas cell 2, a dichroic prism 3, a small right-angle prism 4, a first port 17, a second port 18, and a third port 19; a probe light input fiber collimator, a embellishment light and coupling light fiber collimator, and a probe light output fiber collimator; the probe light input fiber collimator includes a large glass sleeve 5, a small glass sleeve 6, a Grin lens 7, and a single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail 8; the probe light output fiber collimator includes a Grin lens 9, a large glass sleeve 10, a small glass sleeve 11, and a single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail 12; the embellishment light and coupling light fiber collimator includes a Grin lens 13, a small glass sleeve 14, a large glass sleeve 15, and a single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail 16.

[0021] In the probe light input fiber collimator, one end of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail 8 is inserted into one end of the small glass sleeve 6 and fixed with ultraviolet optical adhesive. One end of the Grin lens 7 is inserted into the other end of the small glass sleeve 6 and fixed with ultraviolet optical adhesive. The air gap between the Grin lens 7 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule with pigtail 8 allows the waist of the probe light to be focused at the middle position of the atomic gas cell 2. The large glass sleeve 5 is fitted onto the outside of the small glass sleeve 6.

[0022] It should be noted that during the assembly process, before using ultraviolet optical adhesive for fixation, the air gap distance between the Grin lens-7 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule-8 with pigtail should be adjusted first. After ensuring that the waist of the probe light is focused at the middle position of the atomic gas cell 2, ultraviolet optical adhesive is used to fix the Grin lens-7 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule-8 with pigtail.

[0023] In the probe light output fiber collimator, one end of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 2 12 with a pigtail is inserted into one end of the small glass sleeve 2 11 and fixed with ultraviolet optical adhesive; one end of the Grin lens 2 9 is inserted into the other end of the small glass sleeve 2 11 and fixed with ultraviolet optical adhesive; the air gap distance between the Grin lens 2 9 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 2 12 with a pigtail maximizes the power received by the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 2 12 with a pigtail; the large glass sleeve 2 10 is fitted over the small glass sleeve 2 11.

[0024] It should be noted that, similarly, during the assembly process, before using UV optical adhesive for fixation, the air gap distance between the Grin lens 2 9 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 2 12 with pigtail should be adjusted to ensure that the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 2 12 with pigtail receives the maximum power. After adjustment, UV optical adhesive should be used to fix the Grin lens 2 9 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 2 12 with pigtail.

[0025] In the fiber collimator for embellished and coupled light, one end of the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 16 with a pigtail is inserted into one end of the small glass sleeve 14 and fixed with ultraviolet optical adhesive. One end of the Grin lens 13 is inserted into the other end of the small glass sleeve 14 and fixed with ultraviolet optical adhesive. The air gap between the Grin lens 13 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 16 with a pigtail ensures that the waist of the embellished and coupled light beams is focused at the middle position of the atomic gas cell 2. The large glass sleeve 15 is fitted over the small glass sleeve 14.

[0026] It should be noted that, similarly, during the assembly process, before using ultraviolet optical adhesive for fixation, the air gap distance between the Grin lens 13 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 16 with pigtail should be adjusted to ensure that the embellishment light and the coupling beam waist are focused at the middle position of the atomic gas cell 2. After adjustment, ultraviolet optical adhesive is used to fix the Grin lens 13 and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 16 with pigtail.

[0027] The upper end of the atomic gas chamber 2 is fixed to the left side of the hypotenuse of the large right-angle prism 1 by ultraviolet optical adhesive, the dichroic prism 3 is fixed to the right side of the hypotenuse of the large right-angle prism 1 by ultraviolet optical adhesive, and the small right-angle prism 4 is fixed to the right side of the dichroic prism 3 by ultraviolet optical adhesive.

[0028] The first port 17 is the probe light input port, which is connected to the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 18 with a pigtail and the probe light laser; the second port 18 is the probe light output port, which is connected to the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 22 with a pigtail and the photodetector. The photodetector is connected to an oscilloscope, and the signal can be observed on the oscilloscope; the third port 19 is the embellishment light and coupling light input port, which is connected to the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 36 with a pigtail and the embellishment light and coupling light laser, and is used to receive the combined light emitted by the embellishment light and coupling light laser.

[0029] The end of the second large glass sleeve 10 near the second Grin lens 9 is fixed to the bottom side of the dichroic prism 3 with ultraviolet optical adhesive. The end of the third large glass sleeve 15 near the third Grin lens 13 is fixed to the bottom side of the small right-angle prism 4 with ultraviolet optical adhesive. The end of the first large glass sleeve 5 near the first Grin lens 7 is fixed to the lower end of the atomic gas chamber 2 with ultraviolet optical adhesive.

[0030] The positions of the embellishment and coupling fiber collimators need to optimize the EIT signal displayed on the oscilloscope.

[0031] In this embodiment, the atomic gas chamber 2 is a glass container filled with rubidium (Rb) alkali metal atom gas.

[0032] In this embodiment, the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 18 with a pigtail is used to input probe light with a wavelength of 779–781 nm, the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 3 with a pigtail 16 is used to simultaneously input embellishment light with a wavelength of 775–777 nm and coupling light with a wavelength of 1259–1261 nm, and the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 2 with a pigtail 12 is used to output probe light with a wavelength of 779–781 nm. Both the large right-angle prism 1 and the small right-angle prism 4 are used to reflect the probe light with a wavelength of 779–781 nm, the embellishment light with a wavelength of 775–777 nm, and the coupling light with a wavelength of 1259–1261 nm. The dichroic prism 3 is used to achieve a transmission-to-reflection ratio of 50:50 for probe light with wavelengths of 779–781 nm and decorative light with wavelengths of 775–777 nm, and to achieve total internal reflection for coupling light with wavelengths of 1259–1261 nm. The coatings of Grin lens 7 and Grin lens 9 cover the 779–781 nm wavelength band, and the coating of Grin lens 13 covers the 1259–1261 nm wavelength band.

[0033] The probe light is output from the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 18 with a pigtail, focused into the atomic gas cell 2 after passing through the Grin lens 7, then reflected in the large right-angle prism 1, transmitted through the dichroic prism 3, and finally reaches the probe light receiver, the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 2 12 with a pigtail. The embellishment light and coupling light are emitted from the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber ferrule 3 16 with a pigtail, reflected by the small right-angle prism 4 to the dichroic prism 3, then reflected by the dichroic prism 3 to the large right-angle prism 1, and finally reflected by the large right-angle prism 1 into the atomic gas cell 2, where they coincide with the probe light.

[0034] For those skilled in the art, various corresponding changes and modifications can be made based on the above technical solutions and concepts, and all such changes and modifications should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A three-photon excitation-based microwave quantum sensing probe, comprising: The large-angle prism, the atomic gas chamber, the dichroic prism, the small-angle prism, the first port, the second port, the third port, the probe light input fiber collimator, the decorative light and coupling light fiber collimator, and the probe light output fiber collimator are included. In the probe light input fiber collimator, one end of the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail is inserted into one end of the small glass sleeve and fixed, one end of the Grin lens is inserted into the other end of the small glass sleeve and fixed, and the large glass sleeve is sleeved outside the small glass sleeve. In the probe light output fiber collimator, one end of the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail is inserted into one end of the small glass sleeve and fixed, one end of the Grin lens is inserted into the other end of the small glass sleeve and fixed, and the large glass sleeve is sleeved outside the small glass sleeve. In the decorative light and coupling light fiber collimator, one end of the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail is inserted into one end of the small glass sleeve and fixed, one end of the Grin lens is inserted into the other end of the small glass sleeve and fixed, and the large glass sleeve is sleeved outside the small glass sleeve. The upper end of the atomic gas chamber is fixed to the left side of the hypotenuse of the large-angle prism, the dichroic prism is fixed to the right side of the hypotenuse of the large-angle prism, and the small-angle prism is fixed to the right side of the dichroic prism. The first port is connected to the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail and the probe light laser. The second port is connected to the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail and the photodetector, and the third port is connected to the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail and the decorative light and coupling light laser.

2. The three-photon excitation microwave quantum sensing probe based on claim 1, characterized in that, The large glass sleeve two is fixed to the bottom side of the dichroic prism near one end of the Grin lens two, the large glass sleeve three is fixed to the bottom side of the small-angle prism near one end of the Grin lens three, and the large glass sleeve one is fixed to the lower end of the atomic gas chamber near one end of the Grin lens one. 3.The three-photon excitation microwave quantum sensing probe based on claim 1, wherein, The atomic gas chamber is a glass container filled with rubidium alkali atomic gas inside. The single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail one is used for inputting probe light with a wavelength of 779-781 nm, the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail three is used for simultaneously inputting decorative light with a wavelength of 775-777 nm and coupling light with a wavelength of 1259-1261 nm, and the single-mode polarization maintaining fiber ferrule with a pigtail two is used for outputting probe light with a wavelength of 779-781 nm. The large-angle prism and the small-angle prism are used for reflecting probe light with a wavelength of 779-781 nm, decorative light with a wavelength of 775-777 nm, and coupling light with a wavelength of 1259-1261 nm. The dichroic prism is used for transmitting and reflecting transmission at a ratio of 50:50 for probe light with a wavelength of 779-781 nm and decorative light with a wavelength of 775-777 nm, and for fully reflecting transmission for coupling light with a wavelength of 1259-1261 nm. The Grin lens one and the Grin lens two are coated with a wavelength covering the 779-781 nm band, and the Grin lens three is coated with a wavelength covering the 1259-1261 nm band. 4.The three-photon excitation microwave quantum sensing probe based on claim 1, wherein, The air gap distance between the Grin lens one and the single mode polarization maintaining optical fiber ferrule one with pigtail maximizes the power received by the single mode polarization maintaining optical fiber ferrule one with pigtail. 5.The three-photon excitation microwave quantum sensing probe based on claim 1, wherein, The air gap distance between the Grin lens two and the single mode polarization maintaining optical fiber ferrule two with pigtail maximizes the power received by the single mode polarization maintaining optical fiber ferrule two with pigtail. 6.The three-photon excitation microwave quantum sensing probe based on claim 1, wherein, The air gap distance between the Grin lens three and the single mode polarization maintaining optical fiber ferrule three with pigtail maximizes the waist of the probe light and the coupling light focused in the middle of the atomic cell.

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