Back pressure type electrolytic cell testing device
By designing an electrolytic cell testing device that includes an anode plate, a cathode plate, and an elastic insulating layer, the problem of existing devices being unable to simulate back pressure was solved, achieving high-precision catalyst coating film testing, simplifying the structure and reducing costs, while improving airtightness.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN GEESUN INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing electrolyzer testing equipment lacks back pressure function, making it difficult to simulate the actual operating conditions of electrolyzer products. This results in biased and low-precision catalyst coating film test results. Furthermore, existing equipment with back pressure function has a complex structure, poor airtightness, and high cost.
The structure consists of an anode plate, a cathode plate, an insulating layer, a flow channel plate, and a coating film assembly. The insulating layer is made of an elastic material. Back pressure is simulated by clamping, and the orifice is sealed by the elastic deformation of the insulating layer, which simplifies the structure and improves airtightness.
It achieves high-precision catalyst coating film testing, with simple structure, low processing cost and good airtightness, and can simulate the actual operating conditions of electrolyzers.
Smart Images
Figure CN224133207U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electrolytic hydrogen production technology, and more specifically, to a back-pressure type electrolytic cell testing device. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, in electrolytic hydrogen production applications, electrolyzer testing devices are generally used to test the performance indicators of different catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) under various operating conditions. Current electrolyzer testing devices generally lack back pressure functionality, but actual electrolyzers require a cathode back pressure of 3 MPa during operation. Therefore, current testing devices struggle to simulate the actual operating conditions of electrolyzers, leading to biased test results and low accuracy in catalyst-coated membrane testing. Even those electrolyzer testing devices with back pressure functionality that have emerged on the market often have complex structures, high manufacturing costs, and poor airtightness.
[0003] Therefore, designing and manufacturing a back-pressure electrolyzer testing device with good airtightness and high testing accuracy is particularly important, especially in the electrolytic hydrogen production process. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device that can perform testing on catalyst coating films under back pressure, with high testing accuracy, simple structure, low processing cost, and good airtightness.
[0005] This utility model is achieved by the following technical solution.
[0006] A back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device includes an anode end plate, a first insulating layer, an anode flow channel plate, a coated film assembly, a cathode flow channel plate, a second insulating layer, and a cathode end plate stacked sequentially. The anode end plate and the cathode end plate are connected. The first insulating layer, the anode flow channel plate, the coated film assembly, the cathode flow channel plate, and the second insulating layer are all clamped between the anode end plate and the cathode end plate. Both the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are made of elastic material. The anode flow channel plate has a first flow channel plate hole, and the first insulating layer has a first through hole. The first flow channel plate hole and the first through hole are connected. The first insulating layer is used to undergo elastic deformation during clamping to achieve hole sealing between the first flow channel plate hole and the first through hole. The cathode flow channel plate has a second flow channel plate hole, and the second insulating layer has a second through hole. The second flow channel plate hole and the second through hole are connected. The second insulating layer is used to undergo elastic deformation during clamping to achieve hole sealing between the second flow channel plate hole and the second through hole.
[0007] Optionally, both the first and second insulating layers are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
[0008] Optionally, the anode end plate is provided with a first channel, which is connected to the first flow channel plate hole through a first through hole; the cathode end plate is provided with a second channel, which is connected to the second flow channel plate hole through a second through hole.
[0009] Optionally, the back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device further includes a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring, wherein the first sealing ring is disposed between the first channel and the first through hole, and the second sealing ring is disposed between the second channel and the second through hole.
[0010] Optionally, the anode end plate has a first limiting groove, a first channel communicates with the first limiting groove, and a first sealing ring is disposed in the first limiting groove and abuts against the first insulating layer; the cathode end plate has a second limiting groove, a second channel communicates with the second limiting groove, and a second sealing ring is disposed in the second limiting groove and abuts against the second insulating layer.
[0011] Optionally, the coating assembly includes an anode titanium felt, a catalyst coating film, and a cathode carbon paper stacked sequentially, with the anode titanium felt disposed on the side of the catalyst coating film near the anode flow channel plate, and the cathode carbon paper disposed on the side of the catalyst coating film near the cathode flow channel plate.
[0012] Optionally, the back pressure electrolytic cell testing device further includes a first sealing frame and a second sealing frame. The first sealing frame is sleeved outside the anode titanium felt and sandwiched between the anode flow channel plate and the catalyst coating film. The second sealing frame is sleeved outside the cathode carbon paper and sandwiched between the cathode flow channel plate and the catalyst coating film.
[0013] Optionally, the anode flow channel plate has a first annular groove, and the first sealing frame is disposed in the first annular groove; the cathode flow channel plate has a second annular groove, and the second sealing frame is disposed in the second annular groove.
[0014] Optionally, the anode flow channel plate is provided with flow channels for the flow of electrolytic water; the flow channels are arranged in a meandering manner; and / or, there are multiple flow channels arranged side by side.
[0015] Optionally, the anode plate and the cathode plate are connected by multiple bolts, which are arranged sequentially along the edge of the anode plate.
[0016] The back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] The back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device provided by this utility model has an anode end plate and a cathode end plate connected. A first insulating layer, an anode flow channel plate, a coated film assembly, a cathode flow channel plate, and a second insulating layer are all clamped between the anode end plate and the cathode end plate. Both the first and second insulating layers are made of elastic material. The anode flow channel plate has a first flow channel plate hole, and the first insulating layer has a first through hole. The first flow channel plate hole and the first through hole are connected. The first insulating layer is used to undergo elastic deformation during clamping to achieve hole sealing between the first flow channel plate hole and the first through hole. The cathode flow channel plate has a second flow channel plate hole, and the second insulating layer has a second through hole. The second flow channel plate hole and the second through hole are connected. The second insulating layer is used to undergo elastic deformation during clamping to achieve hole sealing between the second flow channel plate hole and the second through hole. Compared with the prior art, the back pressure electrolytic cell testing device provided by this utility model can realize the testing function of catalyst coating film under back pressure because it adopts interconnected anode and cathode end plates and a first and second insulating layer made of elastic material. It has high testing accuracy, simple structure, low processing cost, and good airtightness. Attached Figure Description
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device provided in this embodiment of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 An exploded view of the back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0021] Figure 3 An exploded view from another perspective of the back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device provided in this embodiment of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 4 An exploded view of the connection between the anode end plate and the anode flow channel plate through the first insulating layer in the back pressure electrolytic cell testing device provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0023] Figure 5 An exploded view of the connection between the cathode end plate and the cathode flow channel plate through the second insulating layer in the back pressure electrolytic cell testing device provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0024] Icons: 100-Back pressure electrolytic cell test device; 110-Anode end plate; 111-First channel; 112-First limiting groove; 120-First insulating layer; 121-First through hole; 130-Anode flow channel plate; 131-First flow channel plate hole; 132-First annular groove; 133-Flow channel; 140-Coated film assembly; 141-Anode titanium felt; 142-Catalyst coated film; 143-Cathode carbon paper; 150-Cathode flow channel plate; 151-Second flow channel plate hole; 152-Second annular groove; 160-Second insulating layer; 161-Second through hole; 170-Cathode end plate; 171-Second channel; 172-Second limiting groove; 180-First sealing ring; 190-Second sealing ring; 200-First sealing frame; 210-Second sealing frame; 220-Bolt. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0029] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," "installed," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0030] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the features in the following embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0031] Please refer to the reference. Figures 1 to 5 This utility model provides a back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device 100 for testing the performance indicators of catalyst-coated membrane 142 under different operating conditions. It can perform testing of the catalyst-coated membrane 142 under back pressure, with high testing accuracy, simple structure, low processing cost, and good airtightness.
[0032] The back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device 100 includes an anode end plate 110, a first insulating layer 120, an anode flow channel plate 130, a coated film assembly 140, a cathode flow channel plate 150, a second insulating layer 160, and a cathode end plate 170 stacked sequentially. The anode end plate 110 and the cathode end plate 170 are connected. The first insulating layer 120, the anode flow channel plate 130, the coated film assembly 140, the cathode flow channel plate 150, and the second insulating layer 160 are all clamped between the anode end plate 110 and the cathode end plate 170. The coated film assembly 140 includes a catalyst coated film 142. The anode end plate 110 and the cathode end plate 170 work together to apply clamping pressure to the first insulating layer 120, the anode flow channel plate 130, the coated film assembly 140, the cathode flow channel plate 150, and the second insulating layer 160, thereby simulating back pressure and enabling the testing of the catalyst coated film 142 under back pressure, thus improving testing accuracy.
[0033] Furthermore, both the first insulating layer 120 and the second insulating layer 160 are made of elastic material. Both the first insulating layer 120 and the second insulating layer 160 can undergo elastic deformation under back pressure to achieve a sealing effect, eliminating the need for a separate sealing element. In this way, the entire back pressure electrolytic cell testing device 100 has a simple structure, low processing cost, and good airtightness.
[0034] Specifically, the anode flow channel plate 130 has a first flow channel plate hole 131, and the first insulating layer 120 has a first through hole 121. The first flow channel plate hole 131 and the first through hole 121 are connected. The first insulating layer 120 is used to undergo compressive elastic deformation under back pressure during clamping, so as to achieve hole sealing between the first flow channel plate hole 131 and the first through hole 121, prevent electrolyzed water from leaking outward from the connection between the first flow channel plate hole 131 and the first through hole 121, improve airtightness, and ensure stability and reliability. Correspondingly, the cathode flow channel plate 150 has a second flow channel plate hole 151, and the second insulating layer 160 has a second through hole 161. The second flow channel plate hole 151 and the second through hole 161 are connected. The second insulating layer 160 is used to undergo compressive elastic deformation under back pressure during clamping, so as to achieve hole sealing between the second flow channel plate hole 151 and the second through hole 161, prevent hydrogen gas from leaking outward from the connection between the second flow channel plate hole 151 and the second through hole 161, improve airtightness, and ensure stability and reliability.
[0035] In this embodiment, both the first insulating layer 120 and the second insulating layer 160 are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PTFE has good elasticity, excellent heat and cold resistance, and is resistant to acids, alkalis, and various organic solvents, resulting in a long service life. However, this is not the only limitation. In other embodiments, the first insulating layer 120 and the second insulating layer 160 may also be made of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) or polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA). The material of the first insulating layer 120 and the second insulating layer 160 is not specifically limited.
[0036] Preferably, the anode plate 110 is provided with a first channel 111, which communicates with the first flow channel plate hole 131 through a first through hole 121. The first channel 111 is used for the introduction of electrolyzed water, allowing the electrolyzed water to enter the first flow channel plate hole 131 through the first through hole 121, thus facilitating the electrolysis function. Correspondingly, the cathode plate 170 is provided with a second channel 171, which communicates with the second flow channel plate hole 151 through a second through hole 161. The second flow channel plate hole 151 is used for the inflow of hydrogen generated by electrolysis, allowing the hydrogen to enter the second channel 171 through the second through hole 161, thus facilitating the collection of hydrogen.
[0037] Preferably, the back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device 100 further includes a first sealing ring 180 and a second sealing ring 190. The first sealing ring 180 is disposed between the first channel 111 and the first through hole 121, and is used to seal the gap between the first channel 111 and the first through hole 121 to prevent electrolyzed water from leaking outwards from the connection between the first channel 111 and the first through hole 121, further improving airtightness. Correspondingly, the second sealing ring 190 is disposed between the second channel 171 and the second through hole 161, and is used to seal the gap between the second channel 171 and the second through hole 161 to prevent hydrogen from leaking outwards from the connection between the second channel 171 and the second through hole 161, further improving airtightness.
[0038] Furthermore, the anode end plate 110 has a first limiting groove 112, and the first channel 111 communicates with the first limiting groove 112. The first sealing ring 180 is disposed within the first limiting groove 112 and abuts against the first insulating layer 120. The first limiting groove 112 is used to accommodate and limit the first sealing ring 180 to prevent misalignment of the first sealing ring 180 and ensure the sealing effect. Correspondingly, the cathode end plate 170 has a second limiting groove 172, and the second channel 171 communicates with the second limiting groove 172. The second sealing ring 190 is disposed within the second limiting groove 172 and abuts against the second insulating layer 160. The second limiting groove 172 is used to accommodate and limit the second sealing ring 190 to prevent misalignment of the second sealing ring 190 and ensure the sealing effect.
[0039] The coated membrane assembly 140 includes an anode titanium felt 141, a catalyst coated membrane 142, and a cathode carbon paper 143 stacked sequentially. The anode titanium felt 141 is disposed on the side of the catalyst coated membrane 142 near the anode flow channel plate 130, and the cathode carbon paper 143 is disposed on the side of the catalyst coated membrane 142 near the cathode flow channel plate 150. The anode titanium felt 141 is used to diffuse electrolyzed water onto the catalyst coated membrane 142 for electrochemical reaction, and the cathode carbon paper 143 is used to diffuse hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis into the holes 151 of the second flow channel plate.
[0040] Preferably, the back-pressure electrolyzer testing device 100 further includes a first sealing frame 200 and a second sealing frame 210. The first sealing frame 200 is sleeved on the anode titanium felt 141 and sandwiched between the anode flow channel plate 130 and the catalyst coating film 142. The first sealing frame 200 is used to seal the gap between the anode flow channel plate 130 and the catalyst coating film 142 to prevent electrolyzed water from leaking out of the anode titanium felt 141 and improve airtightness. Correspondingly, the second sealing frame 210 is sleeved on the cathode carbon paper 143 and sandwiched between the cathode flow channel plate 150 and the catalyst coating film 142. The second sealing frame 210 is used to seal the gap between the cathode flow channel plate 150 and the catalyst coating film 142 to prevent hydrogen from escaping from the cathode carbon paper 143 and improve airtightness.
[0041] Furthermore, the anode flow channel plate 130 has a first annular groove 132, and a first sealing frame 200 is disposed within the first annular groove 132. The first annular groove 132 is square in shape and is used to accommodate and limit the first sealing frame 200 to prevent misalignment during installation and ensure a sealing effect. Correspondingly, the cathode flow channel plate 150 has a second annular groove 152, and a second sealing frame 210 is disposed within the second annular groove 152. The second annular groove 152 is square in shape and is used to accommodate and limit the second sealing frame 210 to prevent misalignment during installation and ensure a sealing effect.
[0042] It should be noted that the anode flow channel plate 130 is provided with flow channels 133. The flow channels 133 and the first flow channel plate holes 131 are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the anode flow channel plate 130 and are interconnected. Electrolyzed water in the first flow channel plate holes 131 can flow into the flow channels 133 and then reach the anode titanium felt 141 to facilitate the electrolysis function of the electrolyzed water. Specifically, the flow channels 133 are arranged in a meandering shape to reduce fluid resistance and improve the gas-water distribution effect; and / or, there are multiple flow channels 133 arranged side by side to improve electrolysis efficiency.
[0043] In this embodiment, the anode end plate 110 and the cathode end plate 170 are connected by multiple bolts 220. The multiple bolts 220 are arranged sequentially along the edge of the anode end plate 110 to improve the connection effect and ensure that the first insulating layer 120, anode flow channel plate 130, coating film assembly 140, cathode flow channel plate 150 and the second insulating layer 160 between the anode end plate 110 and the cathode end plate 170 are subjected to uniform pressure, resulting in a good back pressure simulation effect.
[0044] It is worth noting that during the operation of the back-pressure electrolytic cell test device 100, the anode flow channel plate 130 is first connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the cathode flow channel plate 150 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. Then, electrolyzed water is introduced into the first channel 111 of the anode end plate 110. The electrolyzed water enters the flow channel 133 through the first through hole 121 and the first flow channel plate hole 131 in sequence, and diffuses to the catalyst coating film 142 under the action of the anode titanium felt 141 to carry out electrochemical reaction. During the electrochemical reaction, oxygen is generated at the three-phase reaction interface on one side of the catalyst coating film 142. The oxygen diffuses back into the flow channel 133 and is discharged outward through the water outlet of the anode end plate 110 under the action of water flow. Meanwhile, the hydrogen generated on the other side of the catalyst coating film 142 diffuses to the second flow channel plate hole 151 through the cathode carbon paper 143, and enters the second channel 171 through the second through hole 161, and is finally discharged outward.
[0045] The back-pressure electrolytic cell testing device 100 provided in this embodiment of the utility model has an anode end plate 110 and a cathode end plate 170 connected. A first insulating layer 120, an anode flow channel plate 130, a coating film assembly 140, a cathode flow channel plate 150, and a second insulating layer 160 are all sandwiched between the anode end plate 110 and the cathode end plate 170. Both the first insulating layer 120 and the second insulating layer 160 are made of elastic material. The anode flow channel plate 130 has a first flow channel plate hole 131, and the first insulating layer 120 has a first through hole 121. A flow channel plate hole 131 communicates with a first through hole 121. A first insulating layer 120 is used to undergo elastic deformation during clamping to achieve a hole seal between the first flow channel plate hole 131 and the first through hole 121. A cathode flow channel plate 150 has a second flow channel plate hole 151, and a second insulating layer 160 has a second through hole 161. The second flow channel plate hole 151 communicates with the second through hole 161. The second insulating layer 160 is used to undergo elastic deformation during clamping to achieve a hole seal between the second flow channel plate hole 151 and the second through hole 161. Compared with the prior art, the back pressure electrolytic cell testing device 100 provided by this utility model, due to the use of interconnected anode end plate 110 and cathode end plate 170, and a first insulating layer 120 and a second insulating layer 160 made of elastic material, can realize the testing function of catalyst coating film 142 under back pressure, with high testing accuracy, simple structure, low processing cost, and good airtightness.
[0046] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A back pressure electrolyzer test device, characterized in that, The device comprises a positive end plate, a first insulating layer, an anode flow channel plate, a coated film assembly, a cathode flow channel plate, a second insulating layer, and a negative end plate stacked sequentially. The positive end plate and the negative end plate are connected. The first insulating layer, the anode flow channel plate, the coated film assembly, the cathode flow channel plate, and the second insulating layer are all sandwiched between the positive end plate and the negative end plate. The first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are both made of elastic material. The anode flow channel plate has a first flow channel plate hole, and the first insulating layer has a first through hole. The first flow channel plate hole and the first through hole are connected. The first insulating layer is used to undergo elastic deformation during clamping to achieve hole sealing between the first flow channel plate hole and the first through hole. The cathode flow channel plate has a second flow channel plate hole, and the second insulating layer has a second through hole. The second flow channel plate hole and the second through hole are connected. The second insulating layer is used to undergo elastic deformation during clamping to achieve hole sealing between the second flow channel plate hole and the second through hole.
2. The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device of claim 1, wherein, Both the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
3. The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device of claim 1, wherein, The anode plate has a first channel, which is connected to the first flow channel plate hole through the first through hole; the cathode plate has a second channel, which is connected to the second flow channel plate hole through the second through hole.
4. The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device of claim 3, wherein, The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device further includes a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring. The first sealing ring is disposed between the first channel and the first through hole, and the second sealing ring is disposed between the second channel and the second through hole.
5. The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device of claim 4, wherein, The anode end plate has a first limiting groove, the first channel communicates with the first limiting groove, the first sealing ring is disposed in the first limiting groove and abuts against the first insulating layer; the cathode end plate has a second limiting groove, the second channel communicates with the second limiting groove, the second sealing ring is disposed in the second limiting groove and abuts against the second insulating layer.
6. The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device of claim 1, wherein, The coating assembly includes an anode titanium felt, a catalyst coating film, and a cathode carbon paper stacked sequentially. The anode titanium felt is disposed on the side of the catalyst coating film near the anode flow channel plate, and the cathode carbon paper is disposed on the side of the catalyst coating film near the cathode flow channel plate.
7. The back-pressure type electrolytic cell testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device further includes a first sealing frame and a second sealing frame. The first sealing frame is sleeved on the anode titanium felt and clamped between the anode flow channel plate and the catalyst coating film. The second sealing frame is sleeved on the cathode carbon paper and clamped between the cathode flow channel plate and the catalyst coating film.
8. The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device of claim 7, wherein, The anode flow channel plate has a first annular groove, and the first sealing frame is disposed in the first annular groove; the cathode flow channel plate has a second annular groove, and the second sealing frame is disposed in the second annular groove.
9. The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device of claim 1, wherein, The anode flow channel plate is provided with a flow channel for the flow of electrolytic water. The flow channels are arranged in a meandering manner; and / or, there are multiple flow channels arranged side by side.
10. The back pressure electrolytic cell testing device of claim 1, wherein, The anode end plate and the cathode end plate are connected by a plurality of bolts, and the plurality of bolts are sequentially arranged along the edge of the anode end plate.