Water tank with filtering function and humidifier

By installing a filter inside the water tank to filter the water flow, the problems of poor mist quality and blockage caused by scale and bacteria in the water tank are solved, achieving high-quality mist output and extending the life of the humidifier and air purifier.

CN224215524UActive Publication Date: 2026-05-08BEAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE CO LTD
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
BEAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE CO LTD
Filing Date
2025-05-23
Publication Date
2026-05-08

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The water tanks in existing humidifiers and air purifiers are prone to scale and bacteria buildup when not in use for a long time, resulting in poor quality water mist and potential blockage. In addition, humidifiers without mist can become discolored and smelly due to dust, scale and bacteria when the air passes through the humidifying filter.

Method used

A filter element is installed inside the water tank, and the water pump assembly is installed inside the filter element. Water is filtered through the filter element before entering the water pump, forming a filter chamber. The water that has been filtered of impurities flows into the water guide pipe, ensuring water purification.

Benefits of technology

It improves the mist quality of humidifiers and air purifiers, reduces scale buildup, extends equipment lifespan, and keeps water clean by regularly cleaning the filters.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a water tank with a filtering function and a humidifier. The water tank comprises a tank body, and a water cavity is formed in the tank body; the filtering part is mounted in the water cavity; a filtering cavity is formed in the filtering part, and the filtering part is used for guiding water in the water cavity to enter the filtering cavity after being filtered; the water pump assembly comprises a water pump and a water guide pipe, and the water guide pipe is communicated with the water pump and used for guiding water in the filtering cavity out. The humidifier comprises the water tank with the filtering function. According to the water tank with the filtering function and the humidifier, the water pump assembly in the water tank is installed on the inner side of the filtering piece, so that water pumped and guided out by the water pump assembly is water filtered by the filtering piece, and impurities in the water are filtered when the water tank is used for humidification.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of humidification technology, and in particular to a water tank with filtration function and a humidifier. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, household appliances such as humidifiers and air purifiers primarily use water atomization to produce mist, which is then released into the air to humidify and purify it. However, some humidifiers and air purifiers rely on a water pump to draw water from a tank for recycling. For example, in humidifiers that directly draw water from the tank for heating and evaporation, the water in the tank is prone to scale and bacteria buildup if the humidifier is not used for a long time. This results in poor-quality mist and can also cause blockages during the extraction process.

[0003] For example, in a mistless humidifier, the mist is produced by the evaporation of air through the humidifying filter. When the air passes through the humidifying filter, a large amount of dust in the air or scale and bacteria in the water can cause the humidifying evaporating filter to discolor or smell. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a water tank with a filtration function and a humidifier, wherein the water pump assembly in the water tank is installed inside the filter element, so that the water pumped out by the water pump assembly is water filtered by the filter element, and impurities in the water are filtered out when the humidifier is used.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its problem is:

[0006] A water tank with filtration function includes,

[0007] The box body contains a water chamber.

[0008] A filter element is installed in the water cavity; the filter element is used to separate the water cavity and form a filter chamber within the water cavity; the filter element is used to guide the water in the water cavity to enter the filter chamber after filtration.

[0009] A water pump assembly, comprising a water pump and a water guide pipe, wherein the water inlet of the water pump is connected to the filter chamber, and the water guide pipe is connected to the water outlet of the water pump and is used to guide the water in the filter chamber out.

[0010] As an optional implementation, the water pump assembly includes a water pump cover with an installation cavity inside; the water pump is installed in the installation cavity, and the water guide pipe is installed in the installation cavity and communicates with the water pump; the water pump cover has a water inlet that communicates with the installation cavity; the filter element is sleeved on the outside of the water pump cover; and the filter element and the water pump cover are spaced apart to form the filter cavity.

[0011] As an optional implementation, the outer wall of the water pump cover is provided with positioning ribs; the positioning ribs are used to abut against the inner wall of the filter element when the filter element is fitted onto the outside of the water pump cover, so as to space the filter element from the water pump cover.

[0012] As an optional implementation, the positioning rib is arranged around the bottom outer periphery of the water pump cover.

[0013] As an optional implementation, the water pump assembly further includes a base plate, the bottom end of the water pump cover is connected to the base plate so that the outer periphery of the positioning rib and the periphery of the base plate form an installation gap, and the bottom end of the filter element is detachably connected to the base plate and located in the installation gap.

[0014] As an optional implementation, the water pump cover is provided with a water guiding channel, the top end of the water guiding channel extending to the top end of the water pump cover; the bottom end of the water guiding channel is connected to the water guiding pipe.

[0015] As an optional implementation, the water guiding channel is integrally formed inside the water pump cover.

[0016] As an optional implementation, the filter element is a filter screen.

[0017] As an optional implementation, the filter element includes one or more of the following: PE sintered mesh, PP sintered mesh, ultrafiltration membrane, scale inhibitor, and bactericide.

[0018] A humidifier including a water tank with the aforementioned filtration function.

[0019] In summary, this utility model has the following technical effects:

[0020] 1. The water pump guides the water flow in the water chamber, which then flows to the filter element. After being filtered by the filter element, the water enters the filter chamber and is then guided by the water pump to the water guide pipe. Thus, the water flow from the water guide pipe is the filtered water from the filter chamber. When used in humidifiers, air purifiers, and other structures for humidification, the resulting mist is purified mist, resulting in better air quality after humidification and purification.

[0021] 2. In this embodiment, by setting up a filter element, the water flow in the water chamber is filtered. The water flow after filtering out impurities enters the filter chamber and is then guided by the water pump to the water outlet pipe. This circulation reduces the formation of scale in the water flow used for humidification in the water tank and reduces the blockage caused by scale retention in the water pump. It also improves the quality of the water flow entering the atomization structure of humidifiers, air purifiers, etc., thereby improving the service life of humidifiers, air purifiers, etc. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anatomical structure of the water tank of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the water tank of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the water tank of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the water pump assembly and filter element of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of the water pump assembly and filter element of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the water pump assembly of this utility model.

[0029] The meanings of the reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: 10, housing; 11, water chamber; 12, housing cover; 121, water inlet; 20, filter element; 30, water pump assembly; 31, water pump; 32, water guide pipe; 33, water pump cover; 331, water inlet; 332, positioning rib; 333, mounting cavity; 34, water guide channel; 35, bottom plate; 40, filter chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0031] In this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this invention and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0032] Furthermore, in addition to indicating direction or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are primarily used to distinguish different devices, elements, or components (which may be the same or different in specific type and construction), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the indicated devices, elements, or components. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0035] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0036] See Figures 1-6 This utility model discloses a water tank with a filtration function, including a tank body 10, a filter element 20, and a water pump assembly 30. A water cavity 11 is provided inside the tank body 10. The filter element 20 is installed in the water cavity 11, and the filter element 20 can divide the water cavity 11 to form a filter cavity 40. The filter element 20 can guide the water in the water cavity 11 to enter the filter cavity 40 after filtration.

[0037] The specific water pump assembly 30 includes a water pump 31 and a water guide pipe 32. The water inlet end of the water pump 31 is connected to the filter chamber 40, and the water outlet end of the water pump 31 is connected to the water guide pipe 32. In this way, when the water pump 31 is started, the filtered water in the filter chamber 40 can be guided into the water guide pipe 32 and discharged through the water guide pipe 32.

[0038] Based on the above structure, when using the water tank of this utility model, the water tank can be used in existing humidifiers, air purifiers, and other structures that require steam humidification. In use, water can be added to the water tank, and the water pump 31 can be started. The operation of the water pump 31 can guide the water flow in the water chamber 11. The water flow can flow to the filter element 20, and after being filtered by the filter element 20, it enters the filter chamber 40. Then, it is guided by the water pump 31 to the water guide pipe 32. In this way, the water flow discharged by the water guide pipe 32 is the filtered water flow in the filter chamber 40. When applied to humidifiers, air purifiers, and other structures for humidification, the generated mist is purified mist, thus improving the quality of the humidified and purified air.

[0039] If the water circulating in a humidifier, air purifier, or similar device flows into the water chamber 11, it may introduce impurities and bacteria from the air into the water. Without a filter 20, the air quality of the mist generated by the water pump 31 will gradually deteriorate, and scale will form in the water chamber 11 due to impurities and bacteria, leading to potential blockages later on. Therefore, this embodiment incorporates a filter 20 to filter the water flow in the water chamber 11. The filtered water then enters the filter chamber 40 and is guided by the water pump 31 to the water pipe 32 for discharge. This cyclical use reduces scale formation in the humidification water in the tank, minimizes scale buildup in the water pump 31, and improves the quality of the water entering the atomization structure of the humidifier or air purifier, thereby extending the lifespan of these devices.

[0040] In this embodiment, the top opening of the housing 10 can be covered by a cover 12. A water inlet hole 121 is provided on the cover 12 for introducing water into the water chamber 11 inside the housing 10. The cover 12 is detachably attached to the housing 10, allowing it to be removed periodically for cleaning of the water chamber 11 inside the housing 10. This also facilitates the installation and removal of the filter element 20 and the water pump assembly 30 within the water chamber 11, enabling regular maintenance and cleaning.

[0041] As an optional implementation, the water pump assembly 30 includes a water pump housing 33, which can be used as a mounting base for the water pump 31. A mounting cavity 333 is provided inside the water pump housing 33, and the water pump 31 is mounted in the mounting cavity 333. A water guide pipe 32 is installed in the mounting cavity 333 and is in communication with the water pump 31.

[0042] Specifically, a water inlet 331 is provided on the water pump cover 33, and the water inlet 331 is connected to the mounting cavity 333. The filter element 20 is sleeved on the outside of the water pump cover 33. The filter element 20 and the water pump cover 33 are spaced to form a filter cavity 40.

[0043] Based on this structure, when guiding water flow, since an installation cavity 333 is formed inside the pump housing 33, the pump 31 and the water guide pipe 32 installed in the installation cavity 333 do not directly contact the water flow in the water cavity 11. At the same time, the filter element 20 is fitted around the outer periphery of the pump housing 33, so a filter cavity 40 is formed between the inner wall of the filter element 20 and the outer wall of the pump housing 33. When the pump 31 is working, the water in the water cavity 11 can enter the filter cavity 40 through the filter element 20 surrounding the pump housing 33. In this way, the water flow can enter through the circumferentially distributed filter element 20, resulting in higher water guiding efficiency and a more stable water flow speed.

[0044] The water flowing into the filter chamber 40 then enters the water pump cover 33 through the inlet 331 of the water pump cover 33, is guided by the water pump 31 to the water guide pipe 32, and is then discharged through the water guide pipe 32.

[0045] Since the water pump 31 and the water pipe 32 in this embodiment are both installed inside the water pump cover 33, during assembly, the water pump 31 and the water pipe 32 can be assembled outside the water tank to the water pump cover 33, and then the water pump cover 33 can be installed into the water tank as a whole, which makes disassembly and assembly more convenient.

[0046] Of course, in this embodiment, the filter element 20 forms the filter chamber 40 by circumferentially arranged filter element 20 in conjunction with the water pump cover 33. In other cases, the filter element 20 can also be set as a filter baffle, and the filter element 20 divides the water chamber 11 into two chambers, one of which is filled with water and the other is where the water pump assembly 30 is installed. When the water pump 31 is working, the water in the water chamber 11 flows through the water-filled chamber to the installation chamber 333 of the water pump assembly 30. The water will be filtered by the filter element 20 when it flows. Similarly, the water pumped by the water pump 31 can be filtered and then discharged.

[0047] As an optional implementation, a positioning rib 332 may be provided on the outer wall of the water pump cover 33. When the filter element 20 is fitted onto the outside of the water pump cover 33, the positioning rib 332 may abut against the inner wall of the filter element 20 to make the filter element 20 and the water pump cover 33 spaced apart.

[0048] Due to the positioning rib 332, the pump cover 33 uses the positioning rib 332 as a positioning point. When assembling the filter element 20, it is directly assembled to the side wall of the positioning rib 332 and abuts against the positioning rib 332. After the filter element 20 is assembled, the positioning rib 332 separates the filter element 20 from the pump cover 33, thus forming a filter cavity 40 between the filter element 20 and the pump cover 33, achieving positioning assembly. Furthermore, when water flows, the positioning rib 332 limits the movement of the filter element 20 due to the water flow, reducing the swaying of the filter element 20 and ensuring the structural stability of the filter element 20.

[0049] More specifically, in this embodiment, the positioning ribs 332 are arranged around the bottom outer periphery of the water pump cover 33, that is, the positioning ribs 332 are formed in the circumferential direction of the water pump cover 33. Therefore, when the filter element 20 is fitted onto the outer periphery of the water pump cover 33, the inner periphery of the filter element 20 is positioned and limited by the positioning ribs 332, so that the assembly structure of the filter element 20 is more stable.

[0050] It should be noted that the aforementioned positioning ribs 332 can be integrally formed on the outer periphery of the pump cover 33, and can be a protruding rib structure, a protruding step structure, or a protruding block structure, etc. In addition, besides the circumferential arrangement, the positioning ribs 332 can also be selected as rib structures that are spaced apart around the circumference of the pump cover 33, so that they can abut against the inner peripheral wall of the filter element 20 after the filter element 20 is installed.

[0051] As an optional implementation, the water pump assembly 30 also includes a base plate 35, to which the bottom end of the water pump cover 33 is connected. The periphery of the base plate 35 may protrude from the positioning rib 332. After the bottom end of the water pump cover 33 is installed on the base plate 35, the outer periphery of the positioning rib 332 and the periphery of the base plate 35 form an installation gap. Thus, after the bottom end of the water pump cover 33 is connected to the base plate 35, the positioning part of the water pump cover 33 and the periphery of the base plate 35 can be reserved for the installation gap of the bottom end of the filter element 20, and the bottom end of the filter element 20 is detachably connected to the installation gap of the base plate 35.

[0052] The filter element 20 and the base plate 35 are assembled in a detachable manner. Alternatively, the filter element 20 can be directly fitted onto the positioning rib 332 for a plug-in fit. Another option is to have a positioning post at the bottom of the filter element 20, corresponding to a positioning hole on the base plate 35, with the positioning post of the filter element 20 inserted into the positioning hole. A third option is to have a snap-fit ​​structure at the bottom of the filter element 20, corresponding to a bayonet structure on the base plate 35, allowing for detachment by snapping the filter element 20 into the bayonet. The specific detachment method for the filter element 20 and the base plate 35 is selected and configured according to actual needs, and will not be detailed here.

[0053] It should be noted that, due to the setting of the base plate 35, the water pump assembly 30 can be assembled on the base plate 35 as the assembly base. The base plate 35 is assembled into the water cavity 11 of the water tank. The base plate 35 is assembled with the bottom wall of the water cavity 11. The base plate 35 is used for the assembly of structures such as the water pump cover 33, the water pump 31 and the water guide pipe 32. In this way, the assembly surface is the plane of the base plate 35, so the assembly structure is stable.

[0054] As an optional implementation, a water guiding channel 34 is provided inside the water pump cover 33. The top end of the water guiding channel 34 extends to the top end of the water pump cover 33, and the bottom end of the water guiding channel 34 is connected to the water guiding pipe 32. With this configuration, the water guiding pipe 32 of the water pump 31 can be connected to the integrally formed water guiding channel 34, and the water flow drawn by the water pump 31 can enter the water guiding channel 34 through the water guiding pipe 32 and then be discharged through the water guiding channel 34.

[0055] Specifically, the water guiding channel 34 is integrally formed inside the water pump cover 33. Since the water guiding channel 34 is integrally formed inside the water pump cover 33, while the water guiding pipe 32 is assembled at the outlet interface of the water pump 31, the assembled water guiding pipe 32 is prone to instability. Therefore, the water guiding pipe 32 and the integrally formed water guiding channel 34 can jointly form a water flow outlet path, which can reduce the unstable water guiding path of the water guiding pipe 32, reduce the instability factors of the water flow outlet path, and improve the stability of water flow outlet.

[0056] As an optional implementation, the filter element 20 is a filter screen, forming a mesh cover with a filter screen structure. The mesh openings of the mesh cover are set to a small diameter, which can filter large particulate impurities from the water flow in the water chamber 11. Alternatively, a filter cloth structure can be used to form the filter element 20, which can also filter impurities from the water flow.

[0057] As an optional implementation, the filter element 20 includes one or more of the following: PE sintered mesh, ultrafiltration membrane, scale inhibitor, and bactericide.

[0058] For example, the filter element 20 can be made using PE sintered mesh, which is made of polyethylene material. It mainly relies on the combined effects of surface filtration and deep filtration. When the fluid passes through the PE sintered mesh under pressure, particles larger than the mesh size are trapped on the surface of the mesh, while smaller particles may be adsorbed or trapped inside the pores of the mesh, thereby achieving effective filtration of impurities in the fluid.

[0059] For example, using an ultrafiltration membrane from existing technology to make a filter, an ultrafiltration membrane is a microporous filtration membrane with a uniform pore size specification and a rated pore size range of 0.001-0.02 micrometers. The surface of the ultrafiltration membrane is densely covered with many tiny micropores. When water flows through the membrane surface under the drive of the water pump 31, substances with a volume larger than the micropore size of the membrane surface, such as bacteria, colloids, rust, suspended solids, silt, and large molecular organic matter, are intercepted by the ultrafiltration membrane.

[0060] Of course, filter element 20 can also be made of PE sintered mesh or filter screen. A scale inhibitor or bactericide can be coated onto the PE sintered mesh or filter screen and used in combination to form filter element 20. The scale inhibitor, through chelation, dispersion, and lattice distortion, prevents scale-forming ions (such as calcium and magnesium ions) in the water from forming insoluble precipitates, thereby preventing scale formation on pipes, equipment, and filter membrane surfaces. The bactericide kills or inhibits bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms in the water by destroying the cell walls and cell membranes of bacteria or interfering with their metabolic processes. Common bactericides include chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide, which improves the filtration effect of filter element 20.

[0061] Example 2,

[0062] A humidifier includes a water tank with a filtration function as described in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the water tank can be used in the humidifier to guide a water pipe 32 to an atomizing structure inside the humidifier body. In this way, the filtered water flow guided by the water pump 31 to the water pipe 32 can enter the atomizing structure of the humidifier, thereby generating mist and humidifying the air.

[0063] In this embodiment, a filter element 20 is installed inside the water tank to filter the water flow in the water chamber 11. The filtered water flows into the filter chamber 40 and is then guided by the water pump 31 to the water pipe 32 and out to the atomizing structure of the humidifier. Excess water after atomization can be circulated back into the water tank. The water circulating into the water tank is filtered again by the filter element 20 before being out. In this way, the water flowing into the humidifier each time is filtered, which can reduce the amount of scale and other impurities in the water flow and reduce the deterioration and odor caused by scale buildup at the atomizing structure of the humidifier.

[0064] Of course, the water tank with filtration function in this embodiment is applied to other structures of the humidifier, and its working principle and effect are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described in detail here. In addition, the atomization structure of the humidifier in this embodiment can be an ultrasonic atomization structure (using high-frequency oscillations generated by an ultrasonic transducer to atomize water into ultrafine particles), an evaporative atomization structure (air is drawn in by a fan, passes through a moistened filter or evaporation core, and forms an atomized airflow containing moisture that is then discharged into the air), or a thermal atomization structure (using a heating element to heat the liquid to its boiling point, generating water vapor and releasing it into the air for humidification). The specific atomization structure can be selected and set according to actual needs.

[0065] The technical means disclosed in this utility model are not limited to those disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications are also considered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A water tank with a filtration function, characterized in that, include, The box body contains a water chamber. A filter element is installed in the water cavity; the filter element is used to separate the water cavity and form a filter chamber within the water cavity; the filter element is used to guide the water in the water cavity to enter the filter chamber after filtration. A water pump assembly, comprising a water pump and a water guide pipe, wherein the water inlet of the water pump is connected to the filter chamber, and the water guide pipe is connected to the water outlet of the water pump and is used to guide the water in the filter chamber out.

2. The water tank with filtration function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water pump assembly includes a water pump cover with an installation cavity inside; the water pump is installed in the installation cavity, and the water guide pipe is installed in the installation cavity and communicates with the water pump; the water pump cover has a water inlet that communicates with the installation cavity; the filter element is sleeved on the outside of the water pump cover; the filter element and the water pump cover are spaced apart to form the filter cavity.

3. The water tank with filtration function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the water pump cover is provided with a positioning rib; the positioning rib is used to abut against the inner wall of the filter element when the filter element is fitted outside the water pump cover, so as to keep the filter element and the water pump cover apart.

4. The water tank with filtration function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning ribs are arranged around the bottom outer perimeter of the water pump cover.

5. The water tank with filtration function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water pump assembly also includes a base plate, the bottom end of the water pump cover is connected to the base plate so that the outer periphery of the positioning rib and the periphery of the base plate form an installation gap, and the bottom end of the filter element is detachably connected to the base plate and located in the installation gap.

6. The water tank with filtration function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pump housing is provided with a water guiding channel, the top end of which extends to the top end of the pump housing; the bottom end of the water guiding channel is connected to the water guiding pipe.

7. The water tank with filtration function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The water guiding channel is integrally formed inside the water pump cover.

8. The water tank with filtration function according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The filter element is a filter screen.

9. The water tank with filtration function according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The filter element includes one or more of the following: PE sintered mesh, PP sintered mesh, ultrafiltration membrane, scale inhibitor, and bactericide.

10. A humidifier, characterized in that, A water tank including the filtration function according to any one of claims 1-9.