Ignition device

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ignition device which comprises an ignition device body, an atomizing nozzle, a high-energy ignition head and a flame guide pipe. The ignition device main body is cylindrical, and an ignition cavity is formed in the ignition device main body; the atomizing nozzle comprises a fuel inlet, a first gas inlet nozzle, a mixing cavity and a first outlet, the fuel inlet and the first gas inlet nozzle communicate with the mixing cavity, and the mixing cavity communicates with one end of the ignition cavity through the first outlet; the other end of the ignition cavity communicates with one end of the flame guiding pipe, and the other end of the flame guiding pipe is provided with a second outlet. The high-energy ignition head is positioned in the ignition cavity and between the first outlet and the flame guide pipe; and a second air inlet nozzle communicated with the ignition cavity is arranged between the first outlet and the high-energy ignition head and on the outer side of the side wall of the ignition device main body. Compared with the prior art, the ignition device can stably and reliably ignite the heater when being used for ignition scenes (such as a supersonic wind tunnel in a low Mach number state) with low temperature and low airflow pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of combustion equipment technology, specifically to an ignition device. Background Technology

[0002] Combustion equipment such as supersonic wind tunnel heaters, engine combustion chambers, and aero engines all require ignition devices for ignition. Currently, at low Mach numbers in supersonic wind tunnels, traditional high-frequency, high-energy igniters are unable to provide stable and reliable ignition due to the low heater temperature and low airflow pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an ignition device to address the technical problem that traditional high-frequency, high-energy igniters struggle to achieve stable and reliable ignition in supersonic wind tunnels at low Mach numbers. This device is primarily applied to scenarios such as ignition in supersonic wind tunnels at low Mach numbers, ignition in the combustion chamber of CR ramjet engines, and ignition in aero-engines.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0005] An ignition device includes an ignition device body, an atomizing nozzle, a high-energy ignition head, and a flame guiding tube;

[0006] The main body of the ignition device is cylindrical, and an ignition chamber is provided inside it;

[0007] The atomizing nozzle includes a fuel inlet, a first air inlet, a mixing chamber, and a first outlet. The fuel inlet and the first air inlet are respectively connected to the mixing chamber, and one end of the mixing chamber is connected to the ignition chamber through the first outlet.

[0008] The other end of the ignition chamber is connected to one end of the flame guide tube, and the other end of the flame guide tube is provided with a second outlet;

[0009] The high-energy ignition head is located inside the ignition chamber, between the first outlet and the flame guide tube;

[0010] Between the first outlet and the high-energy ignition head, a second air inlet is provided on the outer side wall of the main body of the ignition device, which communicates with the ignition chamber.

[0011] With the above structure, high-pressure fuel is injected from the fuel inlet, and high-pressure gas is injected from the first air inlet. After mixing and atomization in the mixing chamber, the gas is ejected from the first outlet. In the ignition chamber, the gas is struck again by high-pressure gas injected from the second air inlet to further improve the atomization effect. After the high-energy igniter ignites the fuel after secondary atomization, the high-pressure, high-speed combustion flame is sprayed into the gas flow to be ignited through the flame guide tube. This allows the device to stably and reliably ignite its heater even when dealing with ignition scenarios with low temperature and low gas flow pressure (such as supersonic wind tunnels at low Mach numbers).

[0012] In some embodiments, a first through hole is provided on the side wall of the ignition device body, and the second air inlet communicates with the ignition chamber through the first through hole.

[0013] Therefore, the high-pressure gas injected from the second air inlet is intercepted in the first through hole, which further increases the airflow injection depth, thereby further improving the impact effect, improving the fuel atomization effect, ensuring the ignition success rate of the ignition device, and ensuring the stable operation of the ignition device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first through hole is provided in multiple groups, each group including multiple first through holes distributed circumferentially along the body of the ignition device; an annular connector is provided on the outer side wall of the body of the ignition device, and an annular connecting cavity is provided between the connector and the outer side wall of the body of the ignition device, one end of the connecting cavity is connected to all the first through holes, and the other end is connected to the second air inlet.

[0015] As a result, high-pressure air quickly fills the annular cavity, making the pressure inside the annular cavity consistent. This ensures that the high-pressure air injected through the first through hole around the perimeter is consistent, and the impact force of the fuel flowing through this point is consistent in all directions around the circumference, resulting in a more uniform atomization effect. This ensures the ignition success rate of the ignition device and the stable operation of the ignition device.

[0016] In some embodiments, the second air inlet is provided with a first air passage and a second air passage in sequence; wherein:

[0017] The inner diameter of the entire second airway is consistent;

[0018] One end of the first airway is connected to one end of the second airway, and the inner diameter of the first airway is the same as that of the second airway; the other end of the first airway is connected to the outside, and the inner diameter of the first airway is larger than that of the second airway.

[0019] The inner diameter of the first through hole is much smaller than the inner diameter of the second air passage.

[0020] In some embodiments, the mixing chamber is provided with an outer sleeve, and an inner sleeve is fitted inside the outer sleeve;

[0021] One end of the outer sleeve is provided with a frustum, which divides the mixing chamber into an upper mixing chamber and a lower mixing chamber; the other end extends into the ignition chamber to form the first outlet; the gap between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve forms a first channel, and a second through hole is provided on the side wall of the outer sleeve; the first air inlet, the lower mixing chamber, the second through hole, the first channel, and the first outlet are connected in sequence.

[0022] One end of the inner sleeve is provided with a protrusion that protrudes from the top of the frustum. The protrusion has multiple third through holes in the radial direction, and the inner sleeve is provided with a second channel. The fuel inlet, upper mixing chamber, third through holes, second channel, and first outlet are connected in sequence.

[0023] Thus, high-pressure fuel enters the upper mixing chamber through the fuel inlet, and then enters the second channel through the third through-hole. When the high-pressure fuel passes through the third through-hole, it applies a tangential force to the flowing fuel, creating a swirling flow within the second channel. This causes the fuel to expand outwards and atomize in all directions when it is ejected from the end of the second channel.

[0024] In some embodiments, the flame guide tube is fitted with a sleeve, and the gap between the sleeve and the flame guide tube forms a third channel; one end of the third channel is connected to a third air inlet, and the other end is aligned with the second outlet.

[0025] Because the flame guide tube contains high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-speed airflow, prolonged use can lead to ablation. By introducing cooling gas into the third channel through the third nozzle, the outer wall of the flame guide tube is air-cooled, significantly extending its lifespan and ensuring the airflow ultimately converges into the ignition zone. Preferably, during ignition, the pressure of the cooling gas is higher than the pressure of the ignited airflow after ignition.

[0026] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the ignition chamber is larger than the inner diameter of the flame guide tube; a contraction portion is provided at the connection between the ignition chamber and the flame guide tube; the inner diameter of one end of the contraction portion is the same as the inner diameter of the ignition chamber, and the inner diameter of the other end is the same as the inner diameter of the flame guide tube.

[0027] This increases the penetration depth of high-temperature and high-pressure gas at the igniter flame outlet, allowing the ignition device to be applied to a larger diameter threshold area of ​​the ignition zone.

[0028] In some embodiments, a pressure test interface is further provided on the side wall of the ignition device body, and the pressure test interface is connected to the ignition chamber. The pressure test interface is used to detect the pressure after ignition in the ignition chamber to ensure that the pressure in the ignition chamber is greater than the pressure after ignition in the ignition area, thus providing a basis for the gas distribution parameters of the ignition device.

[0029] This utility model has at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0030] 1. High-pressure fuel is injected through the fuel inlet, and high-pressure gas is injected through the first air inlet. After mixing and atomization in the mixing chamber, the gas is ejected from the first outlet. In the ignition chamber, the gas is struck again by the high-pressure gas injected through the second air inlet to further improve the atomization effect. The high-energy igniter ignites the fuel after secondary atomization. The high-pressure, high-speed combustion flame is then sprayed into the gas flow to be ignited through the flame guide tube. This allows the device to stably and reliably ignite its heater even when dealing with ignition scenarios with low temperature and low gas flow pressure (such as supersonic wind tunnels at low Mach numbers).

[0031] 2. High-pressure fuel enters the upper mixing chamber through the fuel inlet, and then enters the second channel through the third through hole. When the high-pressure fuel passes through the third through hole, it applies a tangential force to the fuel flowing through it, creating a swirling flow in the second channel. This causes the fuel to expand outwards and atomize in all directions when it is ejected from the end of the second channel.

[0032] 3. Due to the high temperature, high pressure, and high speed of the airflow inside the flame guide tube, erosion may occur after prolonged use. Cooling gas is introduced into the third channel through the third nozzle to air-cool the outer wall of the flame guide tube, thereby greatly improving its service life and ensuring the airflow ultimately converges into the ignition zone. Preferably, when the ignition device is in use, the pressure of the cooling gas is higher than the pressure of the ignited airflow after ignition.

[0033] 4. After ignition, the total temperature inside the ignition chamber of this ignition device can reach up to 2000K, the total pressure can reach up to 12Mpa, and the flame gas flow rate can reach up to 250g / S, which can meet the stable ignition and combustion requirements of a wide range of gas flow rates and gas temperatures. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ignition device according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an atomizing nozzle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the second air inlet and the first through hole in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] See Figures 1-3 An ignition device includes an ignition device body 1, an atomizing nozzle 2, a high-energy ignition head 3, and a flame guide tube 4.

[0040] The main body 1 of the ignition device is cylindrical, and an ignition chamber 101 is provided inside it.

[0041] The atomizing nozzle 2 includes a fuel inlet 201, a first air inlet 202, a mixing chamber, and a first outlet 203. The fuel inlet 201 and the first air inlet 202 are respectively connected to the mixing chamber. One end of the mixing chamber is connected to the ignition chamber 101 through the first outlet 203. The other end of the ignition chamber 101 is connected to one end of the flame guide tube 4, and the other end of the flame guide tube 4 is provided with a second outlet 5. The high-energy ignition head 3 is located inside the ignition chamber 101, between the first outlet 203 and the flame guide tube 4.

[0042] Between the first outlet 203 and the high-energy ignition head 3, a second air inlet 6 is provided on the outer side of the side wall of the ignition device body 1, which is connected to the ignition chamber 101.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, a first through hole 701 is provided on the side wall of the ignition device body 1. Preferably, multiple sets of first through holes are provided, each set including multiple first through holes 701 distributed circumferentially along the ignition device body 1. An annular connector is provided on the outer side wall of the ignition device body 1, and an annular cavity 603 is provided between the connector and the outer side wall of the ignition device body 1. One end of the annular cavity 603 communicates with all the first through holes 701, and the other end communicates with the second air inlet 6. A first air passage 601 and a second air passage 602 are sequentially provided inside the second air inlet 6; wherein:

[0044] The inner diameter of the second airway 602 is consistent from top to bottom;

[0045] One end of the first air passage 601 is connected to one end of the second air passage 602, and the inner diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the second air passage 602; the other end of the first air passage 601 is connected to the outside (high-pressure air can be introduced), and the inner diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the second air passage 602.

[0046] The inner diameter of the first through-hole is much smaller than the inner diameter of the second airway.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the mixing chamber is provided with an outer sleeve 2031, and an inner sleeve 2032 is fitted inside the outer sleeve 2031. Wherein:

[0048] One end of the outer sleeve 2031 has a frustum, which divides the mixing chamber into an upper mixing chamber 801 and a lower mixing chamber 802. The other end of the outer sleeve 2031 extends into the ignition chamber 101, thereby forming the aforementioned first outlet 203. The gap between the outer sleeve 2031 and the inner sleeve 2032 forms a first channel 901, and a second through hole 702 is provided on the side wall of the outer sleeve. The first air inlet 202, the lower mixing chamber 802, the second through hole 702, the first channel 901, and the first outlet 203 are sequentially connected to form a high-pressure air flow channel.

[0049] One end of the inner sleeve 2032 is provided with a protrusion protruding from the top of the frustum. The protrusion has multiple third through holes 703 radially. The inner sleeve 2032 is provided with a second channel 902. The fuel inlet 201, the upper mixing chamber 801, the third through holes 703, the second channel 902, and the first outlet 203 are connected in sequence to form a high-pressure fuel flow channel.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, the flame guide tube 4 is fitted with a sleeve 10, and the gap between the sleeve 10 and the flame guide tube 4 forms a third channel 903. One end of the third channel 903 is connected to a third air inlet 11, and the other end is aligned with the second outlet 5.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, the inner diameter of the ignition chamber 101 is larger than the inner diameter of the flame guide tube 4. A contraction section is provided at the connection between the ignition chamber 101 and the flame guide tube 4. The inner diameter of one end of the contraction section is the same as the inner diameter of the ignition chamber 101, and the inner diameter of the other end is the same as the inner diameter of the flame guide tube 4.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, the side wall of the ignition device body 1 is also provided with a pressure test interface 12, which is connected to the ignition chamber 101.

[0053] Working principle: During installation, the sleeve 10 of the ignition device of this utility model is fixedly connected to the outer side wall 13 of the ignition device, and the flame guide tube 4 is passed through the side wall 13 of the ignition device to its inner cavity, and the ignited gas flow 14 flows in the inner cavity.

[0054] During operation, high-pressure fuel is injected through the fuel inlet 201, and high-pressure gas is injected through the first air inlet 202. After mixing and atomization in the mixing chamber, the gas is ejected from the first outlet 203. It is then further atomized by the high-pressure gas injected through the second air inlet 6 in the ignition chamber 101. The high-energy igniter 3 ignites the atomized fuel, and the high-pressure, high-speed combustion flame is then directed through the flame guide tube 4 into the ignition gas stream 14 for stable and reliable ignition. In addition, cooling gas is introduced into the third air inlet 11 before ignition begins, and the pressure of the cooling gas is higher than the pressure of the ignition gas stream 14 after ignition. This reduces the erosion of the flame guide tube 4 during operation, extends the igniter's service life, improves economic efficiency, and reduces replacement time and costs.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. An ignition device, characterized in that: Includes the main body of the ignition device, the atomizing nozzle, the high-energy ignition head, and the flame guide tube; The main body of the ignition device is cylindrical, and an ignition chamber is provided inside it; The atomizing nozzle includes a fuel inlet, a first air inlet, a mixing chamber, and a first outlet. The fuel inlet and the first air inlet are respectively connected to the mixing chamber, and one end of the mixing chamber is connected to the ignition chamber through the first outlet. The other end of the ignition chamber is connected to one end of the flame guide tube, and the other end of the flame guide tube is provided with a second outlet; The high-energy ignition head is located inside the ignition chamber, between the first outlet and the flame guide tube; Between the first outlet and the high-energy ignition head, a second air inlet is provided on the outer side wall of the main body of the ignition device, which communicates with the ignition chamber.

2. The ignition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first through hole is provided on the side wall of the main body of the ignition device, and the second air inlet is connected to the ignition chamber through the first through hole.

3. The ignition device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first through hole is provided in multiple groups, each group including multiple first through holes distributed circumferentially along the body of the ignition device; an annular connector is provided on the outer side wall of the body of the ignition device, and an annular cavity is provided between the connector and the outer side wall of the body of the ignition device, one end of the annular cavity is connected to all the first through holes, and the other end is connected to the second air inlet.

4. The ignition device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The second air inlet is provided with a first air passage and a second air passage in sequence; wherein: The inner diameter of the entire second airway is consistent; One end of the first airway is connected to one end of the second airway, and the inner diameter of the first airway is the same as that of the second airway; the other end of the first airway is connected to the outside, and the inner diameter of the first airway is larger than that of the second airway. The inner diameter of the first through hole is much smaller than the inner diameter of the second air passage.

5. The ignition device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The mixing chamber is provided with an outer sleeve, and an inner sleeve is fitted inside the outer sleeve. One end of the outer sleeve is provided with a frustum, which divides the mixing chamber into an upper mixing chamber and a lower mixing chamber; the other end extends into the ignition chamber to form the first outlet; the gap between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve forms a first channel, and a second through hole is provided on the side wall of the outer sleeve; the first air inlet, the lower mixing chamber, the second through hole, the first channel, and the first outlet are connected in sequence. One end of the inner sleeve is provided with a protrusion that protrudes from the top of the frustum. The protrusion has multiple third through holes in the radial direction, and the inner sleeve is provided with a second channel. The fuel inlet, upper mixing chamber, third through holes, second channel, and first outlet are connected in sequence.

6. The ignition device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The flame guide tube is fitted with a sleeve, and the gap between the sleeve and the flame guide tube forms a third channel; one end of the third channel is connected to a third air inlet, and the other end is aligned with the second outlet.

7. The ignition device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the ignition chamber is larger than the inner diameter of the flame guide tube; a contraction section is provided at the connection between the ignition chamber and the flame guide tube; the inner diameter of one end of the contraction section is the same as the inner diameter of the ignition chamber, and the inner diameter of the other end is the same as the inner diameter of the flame guide tube.

8. The ignition device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The ignition device body is also provided with a pressure test interface on its side wall, which is connected to the ignition chamber.

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