Lining model experiment device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a lining model experiment device, and relates to the technical field of lining experiments. The lining model experiment device comprises a model assembly, a driving assembly and a detection assembly, the model assembly comprises an outer frame and a lining, a through hole is formed in the top of the outer frame in the gravity direction, and the lining is installed in the outer frame; the driving assembly comprises an impact piece, and the impact piece is located over the through hole in the gravity direction and is configured to apply impact force to the lining. The detection assembly is configured to be capable of obtaining the natural vibration frequency generated when the lining is hit by the impact piece. The natural vibration frequency of the lining can be accurately obtained, the supporting strength of the lining is analyzed, it is guaranteed that the experiment result is accurate, and potential safety hazards are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of lining experimental technology, and in particular to a lining model experimental device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, my country has made significant progress in tunnel construction, with the number and mileage of operational tunnels continuously increasing. However, railway tunnels are affected by complex geological conditions and numerous unfavorable factors in design, construction, and operation management. As operating time gradually increases, tunnel linings have developed various types and degrees of defects. When surrounding rock falls onto the arch of the lining structure, the impact force of the falling rock causes the lining to loosen or even collapse, creating certain safety hazards. Therefore, experimental simulations of the lining are needed to meet real-world requirements.

[0003] In related technologies, finite element method (FEM) software is often used to modify the elastic modulus of materials to simulate structural deterioration, or a module element in the software is used to simulate lining collapse. However, the lining deterioration process in numerical simulation does not match the actual lining collapse caused by loosening of the surrounding rock, affecting the experimental accuracy of the lining. Utility Model Content

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a lining model experimental device to address the problem that the experimental results of lining do not match the actual construction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a lining model experimental apparatus, comprising:

[0007] The model component includes an outer frame and a liner, wherein the outer frame has a through hole at its top in the direction of its own gravity, and the liner is installed inside the outer frame;

[0008] A drive assembly including an impact member positioned directly above the through-hole along the direction of gravity and configured to apply an impact force to the lining; and

[0009] A detection component is configured to acquire the natural frequency of the lining when it is struck by the impactor.

[0010] In one embodiment, the model assembly further includes a plurality of telescopic members, each of which is sequentially arranged around the periphery of the lining, and both ends of each telescopic member are connected to the lining and the outer frame, respectively.

[0011] In one embodiment, the lining model experimental device further includes a control component electrically connected to the telescopic member;

[0012] The telescopic component is a servo jack, and can adjust the applied force on the lining under the drive of the control component.

[0013] In one embodiment, the drive assembly further includes two guide rails and an armature. The two guide rails are mounted opposite each other at the through hole of the outer frame. The armature is slidably connected to the two guide rails and located above the gravity direction of the through hole. The impact member is adsorbed onto the side of the armature near the through hole.

[0014] In one embodiment, a concave groove is provided on one side of the two guide rails that are close to each other, and the two sides of the armature slide in cooperation with the groove.

[0015] In one embodiment, the corners of the armature are rounded.

[0016] In one embodiment, the detection component further includes a laser Doppler vibrometer having a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is used to emit a probe laser toward the impactor, and the receiver is used to collect the reflected light provided by the impactor.

[0017] In one embodiment, the detection component further includes an acousto-optic modulator disposed at the transmitting end of the laser Doppler vibrometer.

[0018] In one embodiment, the detection component further includes a sensing fiber distributed on the side of the lining near the impact member.

[0019] In one embodiment, multiple sensing optical fibers are provided, and the spacing between two adjacent sensing optical fibers is 1.2cm-1.6cm.

[0020] Compared to related technologies, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application provides a lining model experimental device for indoor simulation experiments of linings. The lining model experimental device includes a model component, a driving component, and a detection component. The model component includes an outer frame and a lining, with the lining disposed within the outer frame. The outer frame applies force to the lining to simulate the pressure of the surrounding rock. Simultaneously, the impact component of the driving component can apply an impact force to the lining, simulating the impact of gravel on the lining, and the detection component obtains the natural frequency of the lining when it is struck by the impact component. In this way, by simulating the pressure of surrounding rock and gravel on the lining, the detection component can accurately obtain the natural frequency of the lining, analyze the support strength of the lining, ensure accurate experimental results, and reduce safety hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of the lining model experimental device in some embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lining model experimental device in some embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lining structure in some embodiments of this application.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0026] 100. Lining model experimental device; 110. Model components; 111. Outer frame; 112. Lining; 1121. Arch bottom; 1122. Side wall; 1123. Arch waist; 1124. Arch top; 113. Expansion joint; 120. Drive assembly; 121. Impact component; 122. Guide rail; 123. Armature; 130. Detection assembly; 131. Laser Doppler vibration meter; 132. Sensing fiber optic cable; 140. Control assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0029] Furthermore, where the term "and / or" appears, "and / or" merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. Where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0030] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0032] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0033] See Figure 1As shown, the embodiments of this application provide a lining model experimental device 100, which can be used for simulation experiments of lining 112, analyze the pressure bearing capacity of lining 112, and ensure the accuracy of experimental results, thereby reducing safety hazards in the actual construction process.

[0034] Specifically, the lining model experimental device 100 includes a model component 110, a drive component 120, and a detection component 130. The model component 110 is used to simulate the stress conditions of the lining 112 during actual construction. The drive component 120 is used to apply external force to the model component 110 to simulate the impact force of crushed stone on the lining 112 during actual construction. The detection component 130 is used to capture and analyze the natural vibration characteristics of the model component 110 to simulate the stress resistance of the lining 112 during actual construction.

[0035] Continue reading Figure 2 As shown, the model assembly 110 further includes an outer frame 111 and a liner 112. The outer frame 111 has a through hole at its top in the direction of gravity, and the liner 112 is installed inside the outer frame 111. The drive assembly 120 includes an impact member 121, which is located directly above the through hole in the direction of gravity and is configured to apply an impact force to the liner 112. The detection assembly 130 is configured to acquire the natural frequency of the liner 112 when it is struck by the impact member 121.

[0036] For example, both the outer frame 111 and the lining 112 are concrete components. The lining 112 has a semi-circular arched structure, and the outer frame 111 has an internal receiving cavity. This cavity is designed as a concave structure adapted to the shape of the lining 112 to simulate the load of the surrounding rock on the lining 112. The impactor 121 is located above the through hole and can be controlled to impact the lining 112 from the through hole, simulating the impact of crushed stone on the lining 112 during actual construction. Finally, the strain parameters of the lining 112 are obtained through the detection component 130, the natural vibration characteristics of the lining 112 are analyzed, and the durability of the lining 112 is evaluated.

[0037] In some embodiments, the model assembly 110 further includes a plurality of telescopic members 113, each telescopic member 113 being distributed sequentially on the periphery of the lining 112, and the two ends of the telescopic members 113 being connected to the lining 112 and the outer frame 111, respectively.

[0038] Specifically, the telescopic end of each telescopic component 113 is connected to the lining 112, and the other end is fixed to the inner side of the outer frame 111, so that the actual pressure exerted on the lining 112 by the telescopic component 113 can simulate the surrounding rock load of the lining 112.

[0039] Furthermore, the lining model experimental device 100 also includes a control component 140, which is electrically connected to the telescopic member 113. The telescopic member 113 is a servo jack and can adjust the force applied to the lining 112 under the drive of the control component 140.

[0040] Specifically, the control component 140 can be a control computer, which has a central processing unit inside to receive signals from various components and issue corresponding instructions. The servo jack combines hydraulic and electric drives, enabling multiple modes such as force control, displacement control, and speed control. Depending on different simulated experimental environments, the pressure of the surrounding rock is obtained by controlling the magnitude of the force applied by the servo jack through the control component 140, thereby adjusting the force applied to the lining 112 and realistically simulating the load force of the surrounding rock.

[0041] Of course, in other embodiments, the telescopic component 113 can also be a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or other telescopic workpiece, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0042] Continue reading Figure 3 As shown, in this specific embodiment, the lining 112 includes an arch bottom 1121, two sidewall portions 1122, two arch waist portions 1123, and an arch top 1124. The arch bottom 1121 is located at the inner bottom of the outer frame 111. The two sidewall portions 1122 are positioned opposite each other at both ends of the arch bottom 1121. Similarly, the two arch waist portions 1123 are distributed opposite each other around the center of the arch bottom 1121 and are respectively connected to the end of the corresponding sidewall portion 1122 away from the arch bottom 1121. The two ends of the arch top 1124 are distributed and connected to the two arch waist portions 1123, forming an arc-shaped arch structure with the arch waist portions 1123, sidewall portions 1122, and arch bottom 1121 in sequence.

[0043] Furthermore, twelve expansion joints 113 are provided, including four at the bottom of the arch 1121, one at each of the two side walls 1122, two at each of the two arch waists 1123, and two at the top of the arch 1124, in order to simulate the surrounding rock load on the lining 112.

[0044] In some embodiments, the drive assembly 120 further includes two guide rails 122 and an armature 123. The two guide rails 122 are mounted opposite each other at the through hole of the outer frame 111. The armature 123 is slidably connected to the two guide rails 122 and located above the gravity direction of the through hole. The impact member 121 is adsorbed on the side of the armature 123 near the through hole.

[0045] Specifically, the drive assembly 120 is a small railgun, and the impact element 121 is a magnetic sphere. The magnetic force generated by the guide rail 122 after energization drives the armature 123 downwards, thereby causing the impact element 121 to impact the arch top 1124 of the lining 112. The guide rail 122 is made of wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant metal material, possessing advantages such as good corrosion resistance, excellent flame retardant properties, resistance to breakage, and long service life. With the positive terminal of the guide rail 122 at the top and the negative terminal at the bottom, different impact forces from the impact element 121 can be obtained by adjusting the current after power is applied, avoiding the relatively small impact characteristic of methods such as free fall.

[0046] Furthermore, a concave groove is provided on one side of the two guide rails 122 that are close to each other, and the two sides of the armature 123 slide in cooperation with the groove.

[0047] Specifically, the armature 123 is disposed between two guide rails 122, and its two sides extend into the concave grooves of the two guide rails 122 respectively, so as to slide and cooperate with the guide rails 122, and move under the magnetic force generated after the guide rails 122 are energized.

[0048] Furthermore, the corners of the armature 123 are rounded.

[0049] Specifically, the corners of the armature 123 are made of smooth corners. The original sharp corners are planed to form smooth rounded corners, so as to avoid the high temperature of the corners caused by the high current density, which would cause corrosion of the guide rail 122.

[0050] In some embodiments, the detection component 130 further includes a laser Doppler vibrometer 131, which has a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is used to emit a probe laser to the impact member 121, and the receiver is used to collect the reflected light provided by the impact member 121.

[0051] For example, in order to observe the instantaneous motion state of the impact member 121, the heterodyne interferometry method of the laser Doppler vibration meter 131 is used. The laser emitted from the transmitting end is irradiated onto the impact member 121, the receiving end collects the reflected light formed on the impact member 121, the frequency shift signal of the laser Doppler effect is demodulated to obtain the instantaneous motion state of the magnetic ball, and the vibration time history is Fourier transformed to obtain the vibration spectrum curve of the lining 112 structure.

[0052] Furthermore, the detection component 130 also includes an acousto-optic modulator, which is disposed at the transmitting end of the laser Doppler vibrometer 131.

[0053] For example, the acousto-optic modulator, also known as a Bragg box, introduces a fixed frequency offset into the optical path of the laser Doppler vibrometer 131 with the assistance of the acousto-optic modulator. The laser Doppler vibrometer 131 generates a high-frequency carrier signal and emits a helium-neon laser from the photoelectric head portion.

[0054] In some embodiments, the detection component 130 further includes a sensing fiber 132 distributed on the side of the lining 112 near the impact member 121.

[0055] For example, the large impact force generated by the armature 123 and the impact member 121 causes cracks in the lining 112 structure after hitting it. At the same time, the distributed sensing optical fiber 132 also breaks, and displacement time history and strain time history curves of crack propagation are obtained to directly observe the crack damage state of the lining 112 under the surrounding rock load.

[0056] Furthermore, multiple sensing optical fibers 132 are provided, and the spacing between two adjacent sensing optical fibers 132 is 1.2cm-1.6cm.

[0057] For example, in this specific embodiment, ten distributed sensing optical fibers 132 are provided, with a spacing of 1.4 cm between adjacent sensing optical fibers 132. Thus, the ratio of the distance between the first sensing optical fiber 132 and the second sensing optical fiber 132 to the difference in fracture time is the displacement time history, and the ratio of the strain change of the first sensing optical fiber 132 to the difference in fracture time is the strain time history of crack propagation, and so on. When cracks occur in the lining 112 and further propagate, the distributed sensing optical fibers 132 break sequentially until the lining 112 structure is completely destroyed, thereby obtaining the displacement time history and strain time history curves of crack propagation, and studying the relevant laws of cracks during the failure process of the tunnel lining 112.

[0058] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0059] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lining model experimental device, characterized in that, include: The model component includes an outer frame and a liner, wherein the outer frame has a through hole at its top in the direction of its own gravity, and the liner is installed inside the outer frame; A drive assembly includes an impact member positioned directly above the through-hole in the direction of gravity and configured to apply an impact force to the lining. and A detection component is configured to acquire the natural frequency of the lining when it is struck by the impactor.

2. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model assembly also includes multiple telescopic components, each of which is sequentially arranged around the periphery of the lining, and both ends of each telescopic component are connected to the lining and the outer frame, respectively.

3. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lining model experimental device also includes a control component, which is electrically connected to the telescopic component. The telescopic component is a servo jack, and can adjust the applied force on the lining under the drive of the control component.

4. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly also includes two guide rails and an armature. The two guide rails are mounted opposite each other at the through hole of the outer frame. The armature is slidably connected to the two guide rails and located above the gravity direction of the through hole. The impact member is adsorbed onto the side of the armature near the through hole.

5. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, A concave groove is provided on one side of the two guide rails that are close to each other, and the two sides of the armature slide in cooperation with the groove.

6. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The corners of the armature are rounded.

7. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection assembly also includes a laser Doppler vibration meter, which has a transmitting end and a receiving end. The transmitting end is used to emit a detection laser towards the impact member, and the receiving end is used to collect the reflected light provided by the impact member.

8. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The detection component also includes an acousto-optic modulator, which is disposed at the transmitting end of the laser Doppler vibrometer.

9. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component also includes sensing optical fibers distributed on the side of the lining closest to the impact member.

10. The lining model experimental apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sensing optical fiber is provided with multiple fibers, and the spacing between two adjacent sensing optical fibers is 1.2cm-1.6cm.

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