Wheel probe performance testing device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a wheel probe performance testing device, which relates to the technical field of rail performance testing and comprises a first base, a second base, a workbench, a workpiece clamping block, a height adjusting device, a wheel probe angle adjusting device and a test block. The workbench is movably installed on the top of the second base through a transverse position adjusting piece, the transverse position of the workbench can be adjusted through a transverse position adjusting device, a test block can be clamped through a workpiece clamping block, and the height of a wheel probe fixing piece can be adjusted through a height adjusting device. The wheel probe angle adjusting device is connected to the front end of the wheel probe fixing piece, the wheel probe angle adjusting device can adjust the angle of the wheel probe, and the wheel probe is oppositely arranged at the top of the test block; the position and angle of the wheel probe can be adjusted in multiple directions, the wheel probe performance test is carried out in cooperation with the prefabricated test block, and more comprehensive performance detection can be carried out on the wheel probe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of railway track performance testing technology, and in particular to a wheel probe performance testing device. Background Technology

[0002] Railway transportation is a commonly used mode of transport, whether for passengers or freight. During the routine maintenance and repair of railways, the inspection of rails is particularly important. If there are hidden dangers such as cracks in the rails, it could potentially lead to major safety accidents in subsequent work, threatening people's property and lives. Therefore, regular inspection of rails is essential.

[0003] Currently, my country uses ultrasonic testing equipment for dual-track railways, which can simultaneously test both tracks. This equipment consists of an ultrasonic testing instrument, wheel-type probes, cables, a railcar, a coupling agent tank, an alignment system, an electromechanical system, system software, and components that connect to the testing instrument during testing.

[0004] The lack of corresponding testing equipment during factory and acceptance testing of wheel-type ultrasonic probes makes it impossible to test some performance indicators of the wheel-type probes. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wheel probe performance testing device to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The testing device can adjust the position and angle of the wheel probe in multiple directions and perform wheel probe performance testing in conjunction with prefabricated test blocks, enabling more comprehensive performance testing of the wheel probe.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:

[0007] This utility model provides a wheel probe performance testing device, including a base 1, a base 2, a worktable, a workpiece clamping block, a height adjustment device, a wheel probe angle adjustment device, and a test block. The base 2 is movably mounted on top of the base 1 via a longitudinal position adjustment device, which can adjust the longitudinal position of the base 2. The worktable is movably mounted on top of the base 2 via a transverse position adjustment device, which can adjust the transverse position of the worktable. The workpiece clamping block is located on top of the worktable and can clamp the test block. The height adjustment device is located on top of the base 1 of the worktable and behind the base. The height adjustment device is connected to a wheel probe fixing component, which can adjust the height of the wheel probe fixing component. The wheel probe angle adjustment device is connected to the front end of the wheel probe fixing component and the bottom of the wheel probe angle adjustment device is connected to the wheel probe, which can adjust the angle of the wheel probe. The wheel probe is positioned opposite the top of the test block.

[0008] The test block is made of a steel rail with a length of 620 mm and a height of 175 mm; the test block is equipped with:

[0009] A first screw hole, horizontally penetrating the test block along its width, is 96 mm from the top of the test block and 76 mm from its rear end. The diameter of the first screw hole is 31 mm. Along the axial direction of the first screw hole are four slits: a first slit, a second slit, a third slit, and a fourth slit, forming angles of 37°, 15°, 45°, and 25° with the horizontal plane, respectively. The first and fourth slits are located below and above the horizontal center plane of the first screw hole, respectively. The second and third slits are also located below and above the horizontal center plane of the first screw hole, respectively, and are close to the end of the test block. The depth of each of the first, second, third, and fourth slits is 3 mm, and their width does not exceed 0.3 mm. A fifth slit, horizontally arranged and communicating with the edge of the first screw hole, is located between the second and third slits. The depth of the fifth slit is 5 mm, and its width is not greater than 0.3 mm.

[0010] The first horizontal hole is 50 mm from the top of the test block and 230 mm from the rear end of the test block; the first horizontal hole is a stepped hole, including a first hole segment with a diameter of 9 mm and a second hole segment with a diameter of 3 mm, and the depth of the first hole segment is 6 mm.

[0011] And a second horizontal hole, the diameter of which is 3mm, the second horizontal hole is 60mm from the top of the test block and located 85mm behind the first horizontal hole.

[0012] Preferably, the longitudinal position adjustment device includes a longitudinal screw, a longitudinal slider, and a longitudinal slide rail. The longitudinal slide rail is disposed on the top of the first base, and the longitudinal slider is disposed on the top of the second base. The longitudinal slider is slidably connected to the longitudinal slide rail. A nut is disposed at the bottom of the second base, and the longitudinal screw is threadedly connected to the nut. By rotating the longitudinal screw, the longitudinal slider drives the second base to move longitudinally along the longitudinal slide rail. A graduated turntable is disposed at the front end of the longitudinal screw, and a handle is disposed on the turntable.

[0013] Preferably, the lateral position adjustment device includes a lateral screw, a lateral slider, and a lateral slide rail. The lateral slide rail is disposed on the top of the base two, and the lateral slider is disposed on the top of the worktable. The lateral slider is slidably connected to the lateral slide rail, and the lateral screw is threadedly connected to the lateral slider. By rotating the lateral screw, the lateral slider drives the worktable to move laterally along the lateral slide rail. The front end of the lateral screw is provided with a graduated turntable, and the turntable is provided with a handle.

[0014] Preferably, the workpiece clamping block includes a clamping block base, a fixed clamping block, a movable clamping block, a nut seat, and a clamping screw. The clamping block base is located on the top of the worktable, the fixed clamping block is located behind the top of the clamping block base, and the nut seat is located in front of the top of the clamping block base. The inner end of the clamping screw passes through the nut seat and connects to the movable clamping block, and is threadedly connected to the nut seat. The bottom of the movable clamping block is slidably connected to a slide rail provided on the clamping block base. The clamping screw drives the movable clamping block to clamp or release the workpiece between the fixed clamping block and the movable clamping block. The front end of the clamping screw is provided with a graduated turntable, and the turntable is provided with a handle.

[0015] Preferably, the height adjustment device includes a bracket, a height adjustment screw, and a height adjustment slider. The height adjustment slider is slidably connected to a vertical slide rail on the bracket. The height adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the height adjustment slider. The wheel probe fixing member is fixed to the height adjustment slider. A graduated turntable is provided on the top of the height adjustment screw, and a handle is provided on the turntable.

[0016] Preferably, the wheel probe angle adjustment device includes a large turntable and a small turntable with graduations. The small turntable is mounted on top of the large turntable via a rotating shaft. The small turntable has a handle. The bottom of the large turntable is connected to the wheel probe via a connector.

[0017] Preferably, the wheel probe is equipped with a 35° to 45° probe, a straight 70° probe, a 0° probe, and an inward 70° probe.

[0018] Preferably, the front end face of the test block body is further provided with a first flat-bottomed hole with a diameter of 4mm and a hole depth of 30mm, and the first flat-bottomed hole is inclined upward at 20° relative to the horizontal plane; the test block body is also provided with a third horizontal hole with a diameter of 3mm, the third horizontal hole is 10mm away from the top end of the test block body and 230mm away from the rear end of the test block body;

[0019] The test block body is also provided with a second flat-bottomed hole with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 20 mm. The opening of the second flat-bottomed hole is located on the top end face of the test block body. The second flat-bottomed hole is inclined downward at 20° relative to the top end face of the test block body and extends towards the inner side of the test block body. There are 4 second flat-bottomed holes, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs on both sides of the vertical center plane of the test block body and are 25 mm away from the vertical center plane of the test block body. In the length direction, the distances of the second flat-bottomed holes at intervals from the rear end of the test block body are 270 mm and 450 mm, respectively.

[0020] The test block body is also provided with a fourth horizontal hole with a diameter of 3mm. The fourth horizontal hole is 25mm away from the top of the test block body and is located directly above the first horizontal hole.

[0021] The test block body is also provided with a second screw hole with a diameter of 31mm. The distance between the second screw hole and the rear end of the test block body is 230mm, and the height is 4mm lower than the first screw hole.

[0022] The test block body is also provided with a fifth horizontal hole and a sixth horizontal hole, which are located 15 mm and 30 mm from the top of the test block body, respectively. The fifth horizontal hole has a depth of 24 mm and a diameter of 3 mm. There are four fifth horizontal holes, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs on both sides of the vertical center plane of the test block body. The angle between the fifth horizontal hole and the width direction is 16°. All four fifth horizontal holes point to the inside of the test block body. In the length direction, the distance between two adjacent fifth horizontal holes is... The distances at the front ends are 120mm and 160mm respectively; the sixth transverse hole includes a third hole segment with a diameter of 9mm and a fourth hole segment with a diameter of 3mm. The length of the third hole segment is 8mm and the length of the fourth hole segment is 16mm. There are 4 sixth transverse holes, and the angle between the sixth transverse hole and the width direction is 16°. All 4 sixth transverse holes point to the inside of the test block body. In the length direction, the distances between two adjacent sixth transverse holes and the front end of the test block body are 120mm and 160mm respectively.

[0023] The test block body is also provided with a seventh horizontal hole with a diameter of 3mm. The seventh horizontal hole is 100mm away from the top of the test block body and 130mm away from the rear end of the test block body.

[0024] The test block body is also provided with an eighth horizontal hole, which is 60mm from the bottom end of the test block body, 30mm from the rear end of the test block body, and close to the first screw hole; the eighth horizontal hole includes a fifth hole segment with a diameter of 15mm and a sixth hole segment with a diameter of 3mm, and the length of the fifth hole segment is 5mm.

[0025] The test block body is also provided with a ninth horizontal hole and a tenth horizontal hole, both with a diameter of 3mm. The ninth horizontal hole is located directly above the first horizontal hole and 25mm away from the top of the test block body. The tenth horizontal hole is 35mm away from the bottom of the test block body and 380mm away from the rear end of the test block body.

[0026] The front face of the test block body has, from top to bottom, a third flat-bottomed hole, a fourth flat-bottomed hole, a fifth flat-bottomed hole, a sixth flat-bottomed hole, a seventh flat-bottomed hole, an eighth flat-bottomed hole, and a ninth flat-bottomed hole, each with a diameter of 4mm. The fifth, sixth, and seventh flat-bottomed holes are all located on the center line of the front face of the test block body, and their distances from the top of the test block body are 65mm, 90mm, and 135mm, respectively. There are two third flat-bottomed holes, each 10mm from the top of the test block body, with one of the third flat-bottomed holes located on the center line of the front face. On the line, another third flat-bottomed hole is located 20mm to the left of the center line. There are two fourth flat-bottomed holes, one of which is located on the center line of the front face, and the other is located 25mm to the right of the center line. There are three eighth flat-bottomed holes, all 10mm from the bottom of the test block body. One of the eighth flat-bottomed holes is located on the center line of the front face, and the other two are located 50mm to the left and 25mm to the right of the center line, respectively. The ninth flat-bottomed hole is 6mm from the bottom of the test block body and 8mm from the right end of the front face of the test block body.

[0027] The test block body has a tenth flat-bottomed hole and an eleventh flat-bottomed hole, both with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 30 mm, on its rear end face. The tenth flat-bottomed hole is located 25 mm to the left of the center line of the rear end face, and the hole opening is 26 mm from the top of the test block body. The eleventh flat-bottomed hole is located 15 mm to the right of the center line of the rear end face, and the hole opening is 31 mm from the top of the test block body. Both the tenth and eleventh flat-bottomed holes are inclined upward at 20°.

[0028] Preferably, the test block body is further provided with a first groove and a second groove, both with a vertical height of 10 mm and a groove depth of 3 mm, and the groove width of the first groove and the second groove is not greater than 0.3 mm; the first groove is located at the right end of the waist of the test block body, and the horizontal center line of the first groove is 100 mm away from the top of the test block body; the second groove is located at the left end of the waist of the test block body, and the vertical distance from the bottom of the second groove to the top of the first groove is 10 mm; the first groove is 265 mm away from the rear end of the test block body, and the second groove is 45 mm in front of the first groove;

[0029] The test block body is also provided with a third groove and a fourth groove, each with a groove length of 10 mm, a groove depth of 2 mm, and a groove width of no more than 0.3 mm. The third groove and the fourth groove are symmetrically distributed with respect to the vertical center plane of the test block body and are located directly above the first through hole.

[0030] The test block body is also provided with a fifth groove and a sixth groove. The fifth groove and the sixth groove are symmetrically distributed with respect to the vertical center plane of the test block body. The fifth groove and the sixth groove are 170mm away from the front end of the test block body. The groove opening diameter of the fifth groove and the sixth groove is 4mm, the groove depth is 5mm, and the bottom of the groove is conical with an angle of 120°.

[0031] The bottom surface of the test block body is provided with a seventh groove, an eighth groove, and a ninth groove, all of which are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the bottom surface. The seventh groove is 235mm away from the rear end of the test block body, the eighth groove is 15mm in front of the seventh groove, and the ninth groove is 15mm in front of the eighth groove. The groove width of the seventh groove, the eighth groove, and the ninth groove is no more than 0.3mm, the groove length is 10mm, and the groove depth is 1mm, 2mm, and 4mm, respectively.

[0032] The test block body has a tenth groove on its bottom surface. The tenth groove is symmetrical with respect to the center line of the bottom surface. The distance between the tenth groove and the rear end of the test block body is 115mm. The diameter of the tenth groove is 10mm, the groove depth is 10mm, and the bottom of the groove is conical with an angle of 120°.

[0033] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0034] The wheel probe performance testing device of this utility model can adjust the position and angle of the wheel probe in multiple directions and perform wheel probe performance testing in conjunction with a prefabricated test block. The test block integrates numerous structures such as horizontal holes, oblique holes, flat-bottomed holes, and grooves, which can perform more comprehensive performance testing on the wheel probe. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a front view of the pilot-scale block of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the mid-to-rear end face;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the front end face;

[0039] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Top view;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of echo frequency measurement.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of echo frequency measurement using an inclinometer probe.

[0042] Figure 7 To illustrate the extended high-frequency waveform;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of sensitivity margin measurement;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of sensitivity margin secondary wave measurement;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the sensitivity margin measurement using a transverse orifice.

[0046] Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing the incident point and k-value measurement;

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the incident point and angle measurement of the inclinometer probe.

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the probe incident point measurement.

[0049] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of resolution measurement.

[0050] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of beamwidth measurement for 37° and 70° probes;

[0051] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of 0° probe beam width measurement;

[0052] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of dual-probe detection for vertical defects on the rail web;

[0053] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the dual-probe method for detecting grooves on the rail waist;

[0054] Figure 19 A side view schematic diagram of the primary wave detection of railhead nuclear damage;

[0055] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the primary wave detection of track head nuclear damage;

[0056] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the jaw groove inspection.

[0057] Figure 22This is a schematic diagram of the detection of defects in the jaw cylinder.

[0058] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of jaw defect detection.

[0059] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of rail base crack detection and attenuation measurement.

[0060] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wheel probe performance testing device of this utility model;

[0061] In the diagram: 1. First screw hole; 2. Second screw hole;

[0062] 3. First crack; 4. Second crack; 5. Third crack; 6. Fourth crack; 7. Fifth crack;

[0063] 8. First horizontal hole; 9. Second horizontal hole; 10. Third horizontal hole; 11. Fourth horizontal hole; 12. Fifth horizontal hole; 13. Sixth horizontal hole; 14. Seventh horizontal hole; 15. Eighth horizontal hole; 16. Ninth horizontal hole; 17. Tenth horizontal hole; 18. Test block;

[0064] 19. First flat-bottomed hole; 20. Second flat-bottomed hole; 21. Third flat-bottomed hole; 22. Fourth flat-bottomed hole; 23. Fifth flat-bottomed hole; 24. Sixth flat-bottomed hole; 25. Seventh flat-bottomed hole; 26. Eighth flat-bottomed hole; 27. Ninth flat-bottomed hole; 28. Tenth flat-bottomed hole; 29. ​​Eleventh flat-bottomed hole;

[0065] 30. First groove; 31. Second groove; 32. Third groove; 33. Fourth groove; 34. Fifth groove; 35. Sixth groove; 36. Seventh groove; 37. Eighth groove; 38. Ninth groove; 39. Tenth groove;

[0066] 101. Base 1; 102. Base 2; 103. Workbench; 104. Work clamping block; 105. Height adjustment device; 106. Wheel probe angle adjustment device; 108. Wheel probe fixing piece; 109. Wheel probe; 100. Longitudinal screw; 110. Longitudinal slider; 120. Longitudinal slide rail; 130. Transverse screw; 140. Transverse slider; 150. Transverse slide rail; 160. Clamping block base; 170. Fixed clamping block; 180. Movable clamping block; 190. Nut seat; 200. Clamping screw; 210. Bracket; 220. Height adjustment screw; 230. Height adjustment slider; 240. Vertical slide rail; 250. Large turntable; 260. Rotating shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0068] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wheel probe performance testing device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0069] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0070] The wheel probe performance testing device in this embodiment, such as Figure 25 As shown, the system includes a base 101, a base 2 102, a worktable 103, a workpiece clamping block 104, a height adjustment device 105, a wheel probe angle adjustment device 106, and a test block 18. The base 2 102 is movably mounted on top of the base 101 via a longitudinal position adjustment device, allowing adjustment of its longitudinal position. The worktable 103 is movably mounted on top of the base 2 102 via a transverse position adjustment device, allowing adjustment of its transverse position. The workpiece clamping block 104 is located on top of the worktable 103. The workpiece clamping block 104 can clamp the test block 18. The height adjustment device 105 is set on the top of the base 101 of the workbench 103 and located behind the base. The height adjustment device 105 is connected to the wheel probe fixing member 108. The height of the wheel probe fixing member 108 can be adjusted by the height adjustment device 105. The wheel probe angle adjustment device 106 is connected to the front end of the wheel probe fixing member 108. The bottom of the wheel probe angle adjustment device 106 is connected to the wheel probe 109. The wheel probe angle adjustment device 106 can adjust the angle of the wheel probe 109. The wheel probe 109 is set opposite to the top of the test block 18.

[0071] like Figures 1-4 As shown, test block 18 is made of a steel rail with a length of 620 mm and a height of 175 mm; test block 18 is equipped with:

[0072] A first screw hole 1 extends horizontally through the test block 18 along its width. The first screw hole 1 is 96mm from the top of the test block 18 and 76mm from its rear end. The diameter of the first screw hole 1 is 31mm. Along the axial direction of the first screw hole 1, there are first slits 3, 4, 5, and 6 at angles of 37°, 15°, 45°, and 25° to the horizontal plane, respectively. First slits 3 and 6 are located below and above the horizontal center plane of the first screw hole 1, respectively. The second slit... 4 and the third crack 5 are located on the lower and upper sides of the horizontal center plane of the first screw hole 1, respectively, and the first crack 3 and the fourth crack 6 are close to the end of the test block 18; the depth of the first crack 3, the second crack 4, the third crack 5 and the fourth crack 6 is 3mm, and the crack width does not exceed 0.3mm; the edge of the first screw hole 1 is also provided with a horizontally arranged fifth crack 7 that communicates with it; the fifth crack 7 is located between the second crack 4 and the third crack 5, the depth of the fifth crack 7 is 5mm, and the crack width is not greater than 0.3mm;

[0073] The first horizontal hole 8 is 50mm from the top of the test block 18 and 230mm from the rear end of the test block; the first horizontal hole 8 is a stepped hole, including a first hole section with a diameter of 9mm and a second hole section with a diameter of 3mm, and the depth of the first hole section is 6mm.

[0074] And a second horizontal hole 9, the diameter of which is 3mm, the second horizontal hole 9 is 60mm from the top of the test block 18 and is located 85mm behind the first horizontal hole 8.

[0075] In this specific embodiment, the longitudinal position adjustment device includes a longitudinal screw 100, a longitudinal slider 110, and a longitudinal slide rail 12000. The longitudinal slide rail 12000 is disposed on the top of the first base 101, and the longitudinal slider 110 is disposed on the top of the second base 102. The longitudinal slider 110 is slidably connected to the longitudinal slide rail 12000. A nut is disposed at the bottom of the second base 102, and the longitudinal screw 100 is threadedly connected to the nut. By rotating the longitudinal screw 100, the longitudinal slider 110 drives the second base 102 to move longitudinally along the longitudinal slide rail 12000. A graduated turntable is disposed at the front end of the longitudinal screw 100, and a handle is disposed on the turntable.

[0076] In this specific embodiment, the lateral position adjustment device includes a lateral screw 130, a lateral slider 140, and a lateral slide rail 150. The lateral slide rail 150 is disposed on the top of the base 102, and the lateral slider 140 is disposed on the top of the worktable 103. The lateral slider 140 is slidably connected to the lateral slide rail 150. The lateral screw 130 is threadedly connected to the lateral slider 140. By rotating the lateral screw 130, the lateral slider 140 drives the worktable 103 to move laterally along the lateral slide rail 150. The front end of the lateral screw 130 is provided with a graduated turntable, and the turntable is provided with a handle.

[0077] In this specific embodiment, the workpiece clamping block 104 includes a clamping block base 160, a fixed clamping block 170, a movable clamping block 180, a nut seat 190, and a clamping screw 200. The clamping block base 160 is disposed on the top of the worktable 103, the fixed clamping block 170 is disposed behind the top of the clamping block base 160, and the nut seat 190 is disposed in front of the top of the clamping block base 160. The inner end of the clamping screw 200 passes through the nut seat 190 and connects to the movable clamping block 180, and is threadedly connected to the nut seat 190. The bottom of the movable clamping block 180 is slidably connected to the slide rail disposed on the clamping block base 160. The clamping screw 200 drives the movable clamping block 180 to clamp or release the test block 18 between the fixed clamping block 170 and the movable clamping block 180. The front end of the clamping screw 200 is provided with a graduated turntable, and the turntable is provided with a handle.

[0078] In this specific embodiment, the height adjustment device 105 includes a bracket 210, a height adjustment screw 220, and a height adjustment slider 230. The height adjustment slider 230 is slidably connected to the vertical slide rail 240 on the bracket 210. The height adjustment screw 220 is threadedly connected to the height adjustment slider 230. The wheel probe fixing member 108 is fixed on the height adjustment slider 230. A scaled turntable is provided on the top of the height adjustment screw 220, and a handle is provided on the turntable.

[0079] In this specific embodiment, the wheel probe angle adjustment device 106 includes a large turntable 250 and a small turntable with graduations. The small turntable is set on the top of the large turntable 250 via a rotating shaft 260. A handle is provided on the small turntable. The bottom of the large turntable 250 is connected to the wheel probe 109 via a connector.

[0080] In this specific embodiment, the wheel probe 109 is equipped with a 35° to 45° probe, a straight 70° probe, a 0° probe, and an inward 70° probe.

[0081] In this specific embodiment, a first flat-bottomed hole 19 with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 30 mm is also provided on the front end surface of the test block 18. The first flat-bottomed hole 19 is inclined upward at 20° relative to the horizontal surface. A third horizontal hole 10 with a diameter of 3 mm is also provided on the test block 18. The third horizontal hole 10 is 10 mm away from the top of the test block 18 and 230 mm away from the rear end of the test block 18.

[0082] The test block 18 is also provided with a second flat-bottomed hole 20 with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 20 mm. The opening of the second flat-bottomed hole 20 is located on the top end face of the test block 18. The second flat-bottomed hole 20 is inclined downward at 20° relative to the top end face of the test block 18 and extends towards the inner side of the test block 18. There are 4 second flat-bottomed holes 20, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs on both sides of the vertical center plane of the test block 18, and the distance from the vertical center plane of the test block 18 is 25 mm. In the length direction, the distances of the second flat-bottomed holes 20 spaced apart from the rear end of the test block 18 are 270 mm and 450 mm, respectively.

[0083] In this specific embodiment, the test block 18 is also provided with a fourth horizontal hole 11 with a diameter of 3mm. The distance between the fourth horizontal hole 11 and the top of the test block 18 is 25mm. The fourth horizontal hole 11 is located directly above the first horizontal hole 8.

[0084] The test block 18 is also provided with a second screw hole 2 with a diameter of 31mm. The distance between the second screw hole 2 and the rear end of the test block 18 is 230mm, and the height is 14mm lower than the first screw hole 14mm.

[0085] The test block 18 is also provided with a fifth horizontal hole 12 and a sixth horizontal hole 13. The fifth horizontal hole 12 and the sixth horizontal hole 13 are located 15 mm and 30 mm away from the top of the test block 18, respectively. The depth of the fifth horizontal hole 12 is 24 mm and the diameter is 3 mm. There are 4 fifth horizontal holes 12, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs on both sides of the vertical center plane of the test block 18. The angle between the fifth horizontal hole 12 and the width direction is 16°. All 4 fifth horizontal holes 12 point to the inside of the test block 18. In the length direction, the distance between two adjacent fifth horizontal holes 12 is... The distances between the front ends of the test block 18 are 120mm and 160mm respectively; the sixth transverse hole 13 includes a third hole segment with a diameter of 9mm and a fourth hole segment with a diameter of 3mm. The length of the third hole segment is 8mm and the length of the fourth hole segment is 16mm. There are 4 sixth transverse holes 13, and the angle between the sixth transverse hole 13 and the width direction is 16°. All 4 sixth transverse holes 13 point to the inside of the test block 18. In the length direction, the distances between two adjacent sixth transverse holes 13 and the front end of the test block 18 are 120mm and 160mm respectively.

[0086] In this specific embodiment, the test block 18 is also provided with a seventh horizontal hole 14 with a diameter of 3mm. The seventh horizontal hole 14 is 100mm away from the top of the test block 18 and 130mm away from the rear end of the test block 18.

[0087] The test block 18 is also provided with an eighth horizontal hole 15. The eighth horizontal hole 15 is 60mm from the bottom end of the test block 18, 30mm from the rear end of the test block 18, and is located close to the first screw hole 1. The eighth horizontal hole 15 includes a fifth hole segment with a diameter of 15mm and a sixth hole segment with a diameter of 3mm. The length of the fifth hole segment is 5mm.

[0088] In this specific embodiment, the test block 18 is also provided with a ninth horizontal hole 16 and a tenth horizontal hole 17, both with a diameter of 3mm. The ninth horizontal hole 16 is located directly above the first horizontal hole 8, 25mm away from the top of the test block 18, and the tenth horizontal hole 17 is 35mm away from the bottom of the test block 18 and 380mm away from the rear end of the test block 18.

[0089] In this specific embodiment, the front end face of the test block 18 is provided with a third flat-bottomed hole 21, a fourth flat-bottomed hole 22, a fifth flat-bottomed hole 23, a sixth flat-bottomed hole 24, a seventh flat-bottomed hole 25, an eighth flat-bottomed hole 26, and a ninth flat-bottomed hole 27, each with a diameter of 4mm, arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The fifth flat-bottomed hole 23, the sixth flat-bottomed hole 24, and the seventh flat-bottomed hole 25 are all located on the centerline of the front end face of the test block 18, and their distances from the top of the test block 18 are 65mm, 90mm, and 135mm, respectively. There are two third flat-bottomed holes 21, each 10mm from the top of the test block 18. One of the third flat-bottomed holes 21 is located at... On the centerline of the front end face, another third flat-bottomed hole 21 is located 20mm to the left of the centerline. There are two fourth flat-bottomed holes 22, one of which is located on the centerline of the front end face, and the other is located 25mm to the right of the centerline. There are three eighth flat-bottomed holes 26, all 10mm from the bottom of the test block 18. One of the eighth flat-bottomed holes 26 is located on the centerline of the front end face, and the other two are located 50mm to the left and 25mm to the right of the centerline, respectively. The ninth flat-bottomed hole 27 is 6mm from the bottom of the test block 18 and 8mm from the right end of the front end face of the test block 18.

[0090] The rear end face of the test block 18 is provided with a tenth flat-bottom hole 28 and an eleventh flat-bottom hole 29, both with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 30 mm. The tenth flat-bottom hole 28 is located 25 mm to the left of the center line of the rear end face, and the hole opening is 26 mm away from the top of the test block 18; the eleventh flat-bottom hole 29 is located 15 mm to the right of the center line of the rear end face, and the hole opening is 31 mm away from the top of the test block 18. Both the tenth flat-bottom hole 28 and the eleventh flat-bottom hole 29 are inclined upward at 20°.

[0091] In this specific embodiment, the test block 18 is further provided with a first groove 30 and a second groove 31, both with a vertical height of 10 mm and a groove depth of 3 mm. The groove width of the first groove 30 and the second groove 31 is not greater than 0.3 mm. The first groove 30 is located at the right end of the waist of the test block 18, and the horizontal center line of the first groove 30 is 100 mm away from the top of the test block 18. The second groove 31 is located at the left end of the waist of the test block 18, and the vertical distance between the bottom end of the second groove 31 and the top end of the first groove 30 is 10 mm. The first groove 30 is 265 mm away from the rear end of the test block 18, and the second groove 31 is 45 mm in front of the first groove 30.

[0092] The test block 18 is also provided with a third groove 32 and a fourth groove 33 with a groove length of 10mm, a groove depth of 2mm, and a groove width of no more than 0.3mm. The third groove 32 and the fourth groove 33 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the vertical center plane of the test block 18, and the third groove 32 and the fourth groove 33 are located directly above the first through hole.

[0093] In this specific embodiment, the test block 18 is also provided with a fifth groove 34 and a sixth groove 35. The fifth groove 34 and the sixth groove 35 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the vertical center plane of the test block 18. The distance between the fifth groove 34 and the sixth groove 35 and the front end of the test block 18 is 170mm. The groove opening diameter of the fifth groove 34 and the sixth groove 35 is 4mm, the groove depth is 5mm, and the bottom of the groove is conical with an angle of 120°.

[0094] In this specific embodiment, the bottom surface of the test block 18 is provided with a seventh groove 36, an eighth groove 37, and a ninth groove 38, all of which are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the bottom surface. The seventh groove 36 is 235mm away from the rear end of the test block 18, the eighth groove 37 is located 15mm in front of the seventh groove 36, and the ninth groove 38 is located 15mm in front of the eighth groove 37. The groove width of the seventh groove 36, the eighth groove 37, and the ninth groove 38 is no more than 0.3mm, the groove length is 10mm, and the groove depth is 1mm, 2mm, and 4mm, respectively.

[0095] In this specific embodiment, a tenth groove 39 is provided on the bottom surface of the test block 18. The tenth groove 39 is symmetrical with respect to the center line of the bottom surface. The distance between the tenth groove 39 and the rear end of the test block 18 is 115mm. The diameter of the tenth groove 39 is 10mm, the groove depth is 10mm, and the bottom of the groove is conical with an angle of 120°.

[0096] The test block in this embodiment integrates numerous structures such as horizontal holes, oblique holes, flat-bottomed holes, and grooves, enabling more comprehensive performance testing of the wheel probe.

[0097] The wheel probe performance testing device in this embodiment performs wheel probe performance testing as follows:

[0098] 1. Test block preparation:

[0099] The test block was made from a real steel rail; the surface of the rail was intact and there were no defects in the interior that were greater than or equal to the equivalent of a Φ1.4 flat-bottomed hole; the tread of the rail was machined into a flat surface with a net height of 175mm and a surface roughness of no more than 6.3μm;

[0100] Two rounds of basic probe performance testing:

[0101] 2.1 Echo frequency and its error

[0102] (1) Place the wheel probe in the middle of the test block tread surface, with appropriate sensitivity and a ranging range that allows the reference wave to be displayed in a convenient observation position (e.g., about 60% to 80% of the full horizontal scale, the same below). Use a 37° probe (or other probes between 35° and 45°, the same below) and a 70° probe to detect a 50mm deep Φ3 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8), using the reflected wave from this Φ3 transverse hole as the reference wave; use a 0° probe to detect the first screw hole 1, using the hole wave as the reference wave, such as... Figure 5 As shown;

[0103] An incline probe (the probe is deflected 16° / 20° / 18° inside the wheel probe, the same below) 70° probe detects a 30mm deep, 16° deflected Φ3 transverse hole (second transverse hole 9), and uses the wave from this oblique transverse hole as a reference wave, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0104] (2) Adjust the probe positions to maximize the reference wave of each probe. Observe the expanded waveform of the reference wave using an oscilloscope at the receiving input terminal of the flaw detector. Figure 7 As shown in the figure. In this waveform, with the peak point P as the reference, the time T3 of three cycles, including the one before and two after it, is read.

[0105] (3) Substitute the T3 of each probe into equation (1) to calculate their respective frequencies f. e :

[0106]

[0107] When the waveform is distorted and three complete cycles cannot be obtained, the time Ta of two, 1.5, or one complete cycle can be read before and after the peak point P. Then, the echo frequency of the probe can be calculated by replacing 3 in the above formula with 2, 1.5, or 1 respectively.

[0108] Find the frequency f of the probe. e Then, calculate the echo frequency error using the following formula:

[0109]

[0110] In the above two equations: Δf e Echo frequency error; f0 is the nominal frequency of the probe.

[0111] Recommended value: Δf e ≤15%

[0112] 2.2. Relative Sensitivity

[0113] The relative sensitivity of the probe is replaced by the system sensitivity margin of the probe and the testing instrument (a general-purpose instrument can be used).

[0114] 2.2.1 37° probe

[0115] (1) Connect the probe to the test instrument and set the instrument sensitivity to the maximum, i.e., set the emission to strong, the suppression to zero or off, the gain to the maximum, and the ranging range to be no less than 50mm of shear wave depth. If the noise level of the instrument and probe (excluding multiple acoustic reflections at the initial pulse) is higher than 10% of the full amplitude at this time, adjust the attenuation or gain to reduce the noise level to 10% of the vertical full amplitude, and record the reading S0 of the attenuator at this time.

[0116] (2) Place the wheel probe on the tread surface of the test block, with the center line of the probe wheel tire coinciding with the center line of the test block tread surface. The reference reflector detected by the 37° probe is the first transverse hole 8 at a depth of Ф3 at 50mm. Figure 5 As shown.

[0117] (3) The front and rear rolling probes make the reflected wave amplitude of the Ф3 horizontal hole (first horizontal hole 8) the highest. The attenuator is used to adjust the wave to 50% of the full amplitude. The reading S1 of the attenuator is recorded at this time. Then the relative sensitivity (flaw detection sensitivity margin) S of the probe is:

[0118] S = S1 - S0 (dB) (3)

[0119] Recommended value: S≥40dB.

[0120] 2.2.2 70° probe

[0121] 2.2.2.1 Direct-fire probe

[0122] The test method and reference reflector for the 70° direct-firing probe are the same as in 2.2.1.

[0123] Recommended value: S≥30dB.

[0124] 2.2.2.2 Internal Oblique Probe

[0125] The reference reflector of the 70° inward-sloping probe is a Φ3 oblique transverse hole (second transverse hole 9) with a depth of 30mm, such as... Figure 6 As shown. The test method is the same as 2.2.1.

[0126] Recommended value: S≥40dB.

[0127] 2.2.30° probe

[0128] The reference reflector of the 0° probe is the first screw hole 1, such as Figure 5 As shown, the test method is the same as in 2.2.1.

[0129] Recommended value: S≥30dB.

[0130] 2.3 Sensitivity margin and signal-to-noise ratio

[0131] 2.3.1 37° probe

[0132] (1) The instrument conditions are the same as in 2.2. If the noise level of the instrument and probe is higher than 10% of the full amplitude, adjust the instrument sensitivity to reduce the noise level to 10% of the vertical full amplitude, and record the attenuator reading S0 at this time.

[0133] (2) Place the wheel probe in the middle of the rail head surface of the test block, and use a 37° probe to drill the first crack 3 at a 37° angle into the screw hole, as shown. Figure 8 As shown, make the wave height reach 80% of the full amplitude, and record the attenuator reading S1 at this time. Calculate the sensitivity margin S at this time according to formula (3).

[0134] (3) Maintain the sensitivity margin detection state, increase the instrument sensitivity until the clutter amplitude within the same gate as the 3mm lower crack reflection wave reaches 80%, record the attenuator reading S2 at this time, and then calculate the signal-to-noise ratio S / N according to the following formula:

[0135] S / N = S2 - S1 (4)

[0136] Recommended values: S≥20dB, S / N≥12dB.

[0137] 2.3.2 70° probe

[0138] 2.3.2.1 Direct-fire probe

[0139] Use a 70° straight probe to inspect the 30mm deep, 20° upward-sloping Φ4 flat-bottomed hole (first flat-bottomed hole 19) on the front end of the rail. Figure 8 As shown, the rest is the same as in 2.3.1.

[0140] Recommended values: S≥20dB, S / N≥12dB.

[0141] 2.3.2.2 16° incline probe

[0142] Use a 70° probe with an inclination of 16° to probe the Φ4 flat-bottomed hole (second flat-bottomed hole 20) using secondary wave propagation (if the inclination angle is not 16°, the probe can be appropriately deflected to make the sound beam perpendicular to the horizontal hole, the same applies below). Figure 5 As shown. Other details are the same as in 2.3.1.

[0143] Recommended values: S≥15dB, S / N≥10dB.

[0144] A secondary wave can also be used to probe a 10mm deep Φ3 transverse hole (the third transverse hole is 10), such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0145] Recommended values: S≥20dB, S / N≥12dB.

[0146] 2.3.30° probe

[0147] Use a 0° probe to probe the bottom surface at 175mm, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the rest is the same as in 2.3.1.

[0148] Recommended values: S≥30dB, S / N≥15dB.

[0149] A 0° probe can also be used to detect a 5mm horizontal crack (fifth crack 7), such as... Figure 8 As shown, the rest is the same as in 2.3.1.

[0150] Recommended values: S≥20dB, S / N≥15dB.

[0151] 2.4. Location of the incident point

[0152] 2.4.137° probe

[0153] (1) Place the wheel probe in the middle of the upper rail head of the test block, such as Figure 11 As shown (or tested from the other side of test block 18, the same applies below). The instrument sensitivity is appropriate, and the ranging range is not less than 100 mm of shear wave depth.

[0154] (2) Use a 37° probe to detect a 50mm deep Φ3×25 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8). Roll the probe wheel to make the transverse hole echo the highest and reach 80% of the vertical full amplitude. Read the longitudinal position of the center point of the probe wheel at this time and record it as L1.

[0155] (3) The rolling probe wheel is used to detect the Φ31×100 screw hole (second screw hole 2) and the highest echo of the screw hole reaches 80% of the full amplitude. The longitudinal position of the center point of the probe wheel at this time is read and recorded as L2.

[0156] (4) The distance from the incident point to the center of the probe wheel is:

[0157] ΔL=2L1-L2(mm) (5)

[0158] The above formula indicates that when the incident point is positive, it is ΔLmm in front of the center of the probe wheel (towards the beginning of the scale), and when it is negative, it is ΔLmm behind the center (towards the end of the scale).

[0159] 2.4.2 70° probe

[0160] 2.4.2.1 Direct 70° probe

[0161] (1) Place the wheel probe on the test block so that the center line of the wheel tire matches the center line of the test block tread.

[0162] (2) Use a 70° straight-through probe to probe the Φ3 transverse hole (fourth transverse hole 11) at a depth of 25mm. Figure 11 As shown. The instrument sensitivity is appropriate, and the ranging range is not less than 50mm of the transverse wave depth. Roll the probe wheel to make the transverse hole echo reach its highest point and 80% of the vertical full amplitude. Read the longitudinal position of the probe wheel center point at this time and record it as L1.

[0163] (3) The rolling probe wheel detects the first horizontal hole 8 and makes the highest echo amplitude of the horizontal hole reach 80% of the full amplitude. The longitudinal position of the center point of the probe wheel at this time is read and recorded as L2.

[0164] (4) Substitute L1 and L2 into equation (5) to calculate the distance ΔL between the probe incident point and the center of the probe wheel.

[0165] 2.4.2.2 70° angled probe

[0166] The measurement method is the same as that of a direct-firing 70° probe, using the reflected waves from two Φ3 oblique transverse holes (fifth transverse hole 12 and sixth transverse hole 13) with depths of 15mm and 30mm as reference waves, such as... Figure 12 As shown. The instrument sensitivity is appropriate, and the ranging range is not less than 40mm of transverse wave depth. Move the probe wheel appropriately toward the oblique transverse hole to make the hole wave the highest. Measure L1 and L2 according to the method in 2.4.2.1, and substitute them into equation (5) to calculate the distance ΔL from the incident point of the probe to the center of the probe wheel.

[0167] 2.4.3 0° probe

[0168] The measurement method is the same as in 2.4.1. Use a 0° probe to probe the Ф3 transverse hole (seventh transverse hole 14) at a depth of 100mm. Figure 13 As shown. The position of the probe wheel center when the reflected wave is at its highest is read and recorded as L0mm. Then, the position of the 0° probe relative to the probe wheel center is:

[0169] ΔL=L0-130(mm) (6)

[0170] When ΔL is positive, the incident point is ΔLmm in front of the center of the probe wheel; when ΔL is negative, it is ΔLmm behind the center.

[0171] 2.5. Angle of Refraction and its Error

[0172] 2.5.1 37° probe

[0173] After measuring the probe positions L1 and L2 using the method in Section 2.4, calculate the probe k value, refraction angle β, and its error Δβ using the following formula:

[0174]

[0175] β = tan -1 k (8)

[0176] Δβ=β-β0 (9)

[0177] β0 is the nominal value of the angle of refraction.

[0178] Recommended value: Δβ≤1.5°.

[0179] 2.5.2 70° probe

[0180] 2.5.2.1 Direct 70° probe

[0181] The method is the same as in 2.5.1. After measuring L1 and L2 according to the method in Section 2.4, substitute them into equation (10) to calculate the probe k value, and then substitute them into equations (8) and (9) to calculate the refraction angle β and its error Δβ:

[0182]

[0183] Recommended value: Δβ≤3°

[0184] 2.5.2.2 70° incline probe

[0185] Using a 70° inward-slanting probe, measure L1 and L2 of the 15mm and 30mm deep Φ3 oblique transverse holes (fifth transverse hole 12 and sixth transverse hole 13) according to method 2.4.2.2. Substitute them into equation (11) to calculate the probe k value, and then use equations (8) and (9) to calculate the refraction angle β and its error Δβ.

[0186]

[0187] Recommended value: Δβ≤3°

[0188] 2.6. Resolution

[0189] 2.6.1 Shear Wave Probe

[0190] Set the instrument suppression to zero or off, and set other knobs to appropriate positions.

[0191] The transverse wave probe wheel is placed on the side of the rail head on the same side as the test block and the Ф9+Ф3 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8). The Ф9+Ф3 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8) is probed at 37° and 70° respectively. The distance is adjusted so that the reference wave of the Ф9+Ф3 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8) is displayed at about 80% of the horizontal full scale. The probe is rolled back and forth and moved laterally so that the two waves of Ф9 and Ф3 are at the same height.

[0192] Adjust the instrument sensitivity so that both wave amplitudes simultaneously reach 100% of full amplitude, and measure the height h of the trough (the intersection of the trailing edge of the preceding wave and the leading edge of the following wave). Figure 14 As shown.

[0193] The resolution R of the probe is calculated using the following formula:

[0194] R=20lg(100 / h)…………………………………………(12)

[0195] If h = 0 or the two waves can be completely separated, then take R > 30 dB.

[0196] Recommended value: R > 20 dB.

[0197] 2.6.2 Longitudinal Wave Probe

[0198] The reference wave for the longitudinal wave 0° probe is the Ф15+Ф3 transverse hole (eighth transverse hole) on the test block, and the rest is the same as in 2.6.1.

[0199] 2.7. Distance Characteristics

[0200] The distance characteristics here are actually the combined distance characteristics of the probe and the instrument.

[0201] 37° probe

[0202] (1) Place the wheel probe in the middle of the rail head of the test block and probe the Ф3 transverse hole (third transverse hole 10) at a depth of 10mm. Figure 5 or Figure 11 As shown. With the instrument in proper condition, roll the probe wheel to make the echo of the Ф3 transverse aperture the highest. Adjust the attenuator (or gain, the same below) so that the amplitude of the highest wave of the transverse aperture reaches exactly 80% of the vertical full amplitude. Record the attenuator value d1 at this time.

[0203] (2) Use a rolling probe to detect the Ф3 horizontal holes at depths of 25mm (ninth horizontal hole 16), 35mm (fourth horizontal hole 11), 50mm (first horizontal hole 8), 100mm (seventh horizontal hole 14) and 140mm (35mm from the bottom, tenth horizontal hole 17). Adjust the attenuator to make the highest wave amplitude of each horizontal hole reach 80% of the vertical full amplitude. Record the attenuator values ​​d2, d3, d4, d5 and d6 when the wave amplitude of each horizontal hole reaches 80%.

[0204] (3) Mark the attenuator values ​​d1 to d6 of each horizontal hole on the coordinate paper, and connect the points with a gentle curve. The resulting curve is the distance characteristic curve of the test probe.

[0205] Recommended values: Δd ≤ 12dB from the depth of 20mm to the highest point of the distance amplitude characteristic curve; Δd ​​≤ 8dB from the highest point of the distance amplitude characteristic curve to the depth of 150mm.

[0206] 2.7.2 70° probe

[0207] 2.7.2.1 Direct-firing probe

[0208] (1) Measure the relative dB values ​​d1, d2, d3 and d4 of the echo amplitude at depths of 10mm (third horizontal hole 10), 25mm (ninth horizontal hole 16), 35mm (fourth horizontal hole 11), and 50mm (first horizontal hole 8) using the 37° probe test method.

[0209] (2) Mark the attenuator values ​​d1 to d4 of each horizontal hole on the coordinate paper, and connect the points with a gentle curve. The resulting curve is the distance characteristic curve of the detection probe.

[0210] Recommended value: Δd≤10dB within the range of detection depths of 10mm to 50mm.

[0211] 2.7.2.2 70° incline probe

[0212] (1) Place the wheel probe in the middle of the rail head of the test block, and use the primary wave to probe the Ф3 oblique transverse holes at depths of 15mm (fifth transverse hole 12) and 30mm (sixth transverse hole 13). Move the probe wheel appropriately towards the oblique transverse holes to maximize the reflection of the hole wave; use the secondary wave to probe the Ф3 transverse holes at depths of 35mm (fourth transverse hole 11), 25mm (ninth transverse hole 16), and 10mm (third transverse hole 10). Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown. Roll the probe wheel until the highest wave in each horizontal hole reaches 80% of the vertical full amplitude, and record the attenuator values ​​d1 to d5 at the highest wave.

[0213] (2) Mark the attenuator values ​​d1 to d5 of each horizontal hole on the coordinate paper, and connect the points with a gentle curve. The resulting curve is the distance characteristic curve of the detection probe.

[0214] Recommended value: Δd≤12dB within the range of detection depths of 10mm to 70mm.

[0215] 2.7.30° probe

[0216] (1) Place the wheel probe in the middle of the rail head of the test block and probe the Ф3 horizontal holes with depths of 10mm (third horizontal hole 10), 60mm (second horizontal hole 9), 100mm (seventh horizontal hole 14), and 140mm (tenth horizontal hole 17) respectively. Measure the attenuator values ​​d1, d4, d5, and d6 corresponding to the highest wave of each Ф3 horizontal hole according to the method in 2.7.1.

[0217] (2) Place the wheel probe in the middle of one side of the rail head and probe the Ф3 transverse holes with a depth of 25mm (ninth transverse hole 16) and 35mm (fourth transverse hole 11) respectively. Measure the attenuator values ​​d2 and d3 corresponding to the highest wave of the two Ф3 transverse holes in the same way.

[0218] (3) Mark the attenuator values ​​d1 to d6 of each horizontal hole on the coordinate paper, and connect the points with a gentle curve. The resulting curve is the distance characteristic curve of the detection probe.

[0219] Recommended value: Δd≤12dB within the depth range of 20mm to 150mm;

[0220] 2.8. Acoustic axis deflection angle

[0221] 2.8.137° probe

[0222] (1) Place the probe in the middle of the test block rail head and probe the Φ3 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8) at a distance of 50mm. Figure 5 As shown. Adjust the instrument settings appropriately, and roll the probe wheel (or test block) back and forth and swing it left and right to maximize the reflected wave from the test transverse hole;

[0223] (2) Then use a protractor to measure the angle between the tangent of the probe centerline and the centerline of the test block. This angle is the acoustic axis deflection angle θ of the detection probe.

[0224] Recommended value: θ≤2.5°.

[0225] 2.8.2 70° probe

[0226] 2.8.2.1 Direct 70° probe

[0227] The test method and reference reflector are the same as in 2.8.1.

[0228] Recommended value: θ≤3°.

[0229] 2.8.2.2 70° incline probe

[0230] The reference reflector is a 30mm deep, 16° inclined Φ3 transverse hole (second transverse hole 9), and the test method is the same as 2.8.1.

[0231] Recommended value: θ≤3°.

[0232] 8.30° probe

[0233] (1) It should be performed after the 0° probe incident point test.

[0234] (2) Place the probe wheel in the middle of the test block rail head, such as Figure 13 As shown, a 0° probe is used to detect a Φ3 transverse hole (seventh transverse hole 14) at a distance of 100mm. The probe wheel is rolled back and forth to make the reflected wave of the test transverse hole the highest.

[0235] (3) Read the distance L from the 0° probe to the end of the test block, and then use equation (12) to calculate the acoustic axis deflection angle θ of the probe.

[0236]

[0237] (4) Rotate the probe by 90° and repeat the above steps to measure the deflection angle in the other direction.

[0238] Recommended value: θ≤3°.

[0239] 2.9. Beamwidth

[0240] 2.9.137° probe

[0241] (1) Place the probe in the middle of the test block rail head and probe the 50mm deep Φ3 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8) with the instrument in appropriate condition. Make the amplitude of the highest hole wave in the transverse hole reach 80% of the vertical full amplitude, and then increase the sensitivity by 6dB;

[0242] (2) Roll the probe back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the test block, and be careful to keep the probe parallel to the longitudinal direction of the test block until the amplitude of the hole wave drops to 80% of the full amplitude;

[0243] (3) Measure the distance the probe moves back and forth; this distance is the beamwidth N. For example... Figure 15 As shown.

[0244] Recommended value: N≥15mm.

[0245] 2.9.2 70° probe

[0246] 2.9.2.1 Direct-fire probe

[0247] Place the probe in the middle of the test block rail head to probe the 50mm deep Φ3 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8), the method is the same as 2.9.1.

[0248] Recommended value: N≥50mm.

[0249] 2.9.2.2 Internal Oblique Probe

[0250] Place the 70° inward-sloping probe in the middle of the test block rail head and use secondary wave to probe the 10mm deep Φ3 transverse hole (third transverse hole 10), the same method as 2.9.1.

[0251] Recommended value: N≥80mm.

[0252] 2.9.30° probe

[0253] Place the 0° probe in the middle of the test block rail head to probe the 60mm deep Φ3 transverse hole (second transverse hole 9), the method is the same as 2.9.1.

[0254] Recommended value: N≥20mm.

[0255] 2.10. Horizontal echo ΔS inside the wheel probe

[0256] 2.10.137° probe

[0257] (1) Detect a 50mm deep Φ3 transverse hole (first transverse hole 8) in the middle of the test block, such as Figure 5 As shown, the instrument is in proper condition. Adjust the highest reflected wave of the Φ3 transverse aperture to 80% of the vertical full amplitude, and record the attenuator reading S0 at this time.

[0258] (2) Place the wheel probe in the air, wipe off the coupling fluid from the probe wheel and the test block surface, and then restore the probe wheel to the detection state without adding coupling fluid. Adjust the attenuator so that the echo amplitude inside the wheel located 5mm below the rail surface reaches 80% of the full scale. Let the attenuator reading at this time be S1.

[0259] (3) The in-wheel echo level ΔS is calculated by the following formula:

[0260] ΔS=S1-S0 (13)

[0261] Recommended value: ΔS ≤ -20dB

[0262] 2.10.2 70° probe

[0263] 2.10.2.1 Direct 70° probe

[0264] The method and benchmark defects are the same as in 2.10.1.

[0265] Recommended value: ΔS ≤ -20dB

[0266] 2.10.2.2 70° incline probe

[0267] The method is the same as 2.10.1, and the reference wave is the secondary reflected wave from a 10mm deep Φ3 transverse hole (third transverse hole 10).

[0268] Recommended value: ΔS ≤ -18dB

[0269] 2.10.30° probe

[0270] The method is the same as 2.10.1, with the reference defect being a 100mm Φ3 transverse hole (seventh transverse hole 14).

[0271] Recommended value: ΔS ≤ -20dB

[0272] 3. Detection capability test

[0273] 3.1 Dual-probe detection capability

[0274] 3.1.1 Detection of vertical cracks in welds

[0275] like Figure 17 As shown, a 37° probe is used to scan the rail web area using a dual-probe method to detect planar defects in the middle of the rail web.

[0276] 3.1.2 Inspection of grooves on both sides of the rail web

[0277] like Figure 18 As shown, a 37° probe is used to scan the rail web area using a dual-probe method to detect the planar grooves on both sides of the rail web.

[0278] 3.2 Tilt nuclear damage primary wave detection

[0279] 3.2.1 Place the probe wheel in the middle of the rail head tread, with a measuring range not less than 50mm of shear wave depth. Use a 70° direct-impact probe to perform a single-wave test on a 50mm deep, 20° upward-sloping Φ4 flat-bottomed hole (tenth flat-bottomed hole 28, eleventh flat-bottomed hole 29). Figure 8 or Figure 19 , Figure 20 As shown, measure the sensitivity margin and signal-to-noise ratio according to the method in Section 2.3. The instrument margin should be no less than 25 dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio should be no less than 15 dB.

[0280] 3.2.2 Place the 70° straight-through probe on the side of the rail head tread that is the same as the side where the defect is being detected, such as... Figure 19 , Figure 20 As shown. Align the sound beam longitudinally with the Φ4 flat-bottomed apertures (tenth flat-bottomed aperture 28 and eleventh flat-bottomed aperture 29) at a 20° upward angle. Use a single-wave approach to detect the Φ4 flat-bottomed aperture (first flat-bottomed aperture 19), and measure the sensitivity margin and signal-to-noise ratio according to the method in Section 2.3. The instrument margin should be no less than 25 dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio should be no less than 15 dB.

[0281] 3.3. Rail Jaw Defect Detection

[0282] 3.3.1 Detection of Planar Defects

[0283] Place the 70° direct-impact probe on the rail head tread surface approximately 12mm from the longitudinal section of the test block, with a measurement range not less than 50mm of shear wave depth, and deflect it 7° towards the direction of the rail jaw groove. Figure 21 , Figure 23 As shown. The instrument is set to its highest sensitivity setting. The probe is rolled back and forth and moved laterally to maximize the reflected wave from the groove. The sensitivity margin and signal-to-noise ratio are measured using the method described in Section 2.3.

[0284] Recommended values: Sensitivity margin should be no less than 25dB, and signal-to-noise ratio should be no less than 15dB.

[0285] 3.3.2 Detection of cylindrical defects

[0286] Place the 70° direct-drive probe approximately 6.5 mm from the longitudinal section of the test block on the rail head tread surface, and deflect it 7° towards the Φ4×5×120° cylindrical hole. Figure 22 , Figure 23 As shown. The instrument is adjusted to its highest sensitivity setting, with a ranging range not less than 50mm of shear wave depth. The probe is rolled back and forth and moved laterally to maximize the reflected wave from the borehole. The sensitivity margin and signal-to-noise ratio are measured using the method described in Section 2.3.

[0287] Recommended values: Sensitivity margin should be no less than 25dB, and signal-to-noise ratio should be no less than 15dB.

[0288] 3.3 Rail Bottom Crack Detection

[0289] Place the 37° probe in the center of the test block tread surface, such as Figure 24 As shown. The instrument is set to its highest sensitivity, with a ranging range not less than 180mm of shear wave depth. The probe is rolled back and forth to sequentially test three rail bottom grooves of different depths (seventh groove 36, eighth groove 37, and ninth groove 38). The sensitivity margin and signal-to-noise ratio of the rail bottom grooves are measured according to method 2.3.

[0290] Recommended values: The sensitivity margin for a 1mm deep crack should be no less than 15dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio should be no less than 8dB.

[0291] 3.4 Propagation attenuation measurement

[0292] Place the 0° probe in the center of the test block's tread surface, such as... Figure 24 As shown. The instrument is adjusted to an appropriate sensitivity setting, with a ranging range not less than 180mm for the longitudinal wave depth. The probe wheel is rolled back and forth to detect the bottom wave amplitude and the maximum drop in bottom wave amplitude at the Φ10×10×120° cylindrical hole (ninth groove 38).

[0293] Recommended value: Maximum reduction of approximately 6dB.

[0294] The inspection of flat-bottomed holes on rails is the same as the inspection of planar defects in welds.

[0295] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A wheel probe performance testing device, characterized in that: The device includes a base 1, a base 2, a worktable, a workpiece clamping block, a height adjustment device, a wheel probe angle adjustment device, and a test block. The base 2 is movably mounted on top of the base 1 via a longitudinal position adjustment device, which allows adjustment of the longitudinal position of the base 2. The worktable is movably mounted on top of the base 2 via a transverse position adjustment device, which allows adjustment of the transverse position of the worktable. The workpiece clamping block is located on top of the worktable and clamps the test block. The height adjustment device is located on top of the base 1 of the worktable and behind it. The height adjustment device is connected to a wheel probe fixing component, allowing adjustment of the height of the wheel probe fixing component. The wheel probe angle adjustment device is connected to the front end of the wheel probe fixing component, and the bottom of the wheel probe angle adjustment device is connected to a wheel probe, allowing adjustment of the wheel probe angle. The wheel probe is positioned opposite the top of the test block. The test block is made of a steel rail with a length of 620 mm and a height of 175 mm; the test block is equipped with: A first screw hole, horizontally penetrating the test block along its width, is 96mm from the top of the test block and 76mm from its rear end. The diameter of the first screw hole is 31mm. Along the axial direction of the first screw hole are four slits: a first slit, a second slit, a third slit, and a fourth slit, forming angles of 37°, 15°, 45°, and 25° with the horizontal plane, respectively. The first and fourth slits are located below and above the horizontal center plane of the first screw hole, respectively. The second and third slits are also located below and above the horizontal center plane of the first screw hole, respectively, and are close to the end of the test block. The depth of each of the first, second, third, and fourth slits is 3mm, and their width does not exceed 0.3mm. A fifth slit, horizontally arranged and communicating with the edge of the first screw hole, is located between the second and third slits. The depth of the fifth slit is 5mm, and its width is not greater than 0.3mm. The first horizontal hole is 50 mm from the top of the test block and 230 mm from the rear end of the test block; the first horizontal hole is a stepped hole, including a first hole segment with a diameter of 9 mm and a second hole segment with a diameter of 3 mm, and the depth of the first hole segment is 6 mm. And a second horizontal hole, the diameter of which is 3mm, the second horizontal hole is 60mm from the top of the test block and located 85mm behind the first horizontal hole.

2. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal position adjustment device includes a longitudinal screw, a longitudinal slider, and a longitudinal slide rail. The longitudinal slide rail is located on the top of the first base, and the longitudinal slider is located on the top of the second base. The longitudinal slider is slidably connected to the longitudinal slide rail. A nut is located at the bottom of the second base, and the longitudinal screw is threadedly connected to the nut. By rotating the longitudinal screw, the longitudinal slider drives the second base to move longitudinally along the longitudinal slide rail. A graduated turntable is located at the front end of the longitudinal screw, and a handle is located on the turntable.

3. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral position adjustment component includes a lateral screw, a lateral slider, and a lateral slide rail. The lateral slide rail is located on the top of the base two, and the lateral slider is located on the top of the worktable. The lateral slider is slidably connected to the lateral slide rail, and the lateral screw is threadedly connected to the lateral slider. By rotating the lateral screw, the lateral slider drives the worktable to move laterally along the lateral slide rail. The front end of the lateral screw is provided with a graduated turntable, and the turntable is provided with a handle.

4. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece clamping block includes a clamping block base, a fixed clamping block, a movable clamping block, a nut seat, and a clamping screw. The clamping block base is located on the top of the worktable. The fixed clamping block is located behind the top of the clamping block base. The nut seat is located in front of the top of the clamping block base. The inner end of the clamping screw passes through the nut seat and connects to the movable clamping block, and is threadedly connected to the nut seat. The bottom of the movable clamping block is slidably connected to a slide rail provided on the clamping block base. The clamping screw drives the movable clamping block to clamp or release the workpiece between the fixed clamping block and the movable clamping block. The front end of the clamping screw is provided with a graduated turntable, and the turntable is provided with a handle.

5. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height adjustment device includes a bracket, a height adjustment screw, and a height adjustment slider. The height adjustment slider is slidably connected to a vertical slide rail on the bracket. The height adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the height adjustment slider. The wheel probe fixing component is fixed to the height adjustment slider. A graduated turntable is provided on the top of the height adjustment screw, and a handle is provided on the turntable.

6. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheel probe angle adjustment device includes a large turntable and a small turntable with graduations. The small turntable is mounted on top of the large turntable via a rotating shaft. The small turntable has a handle. The bottom of the large turntable is connected to the wheel probe via a connector.

7. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheel probe is equipped with a 35°~45° probe, a straight 70° probe, a 0° probe, and an inward 70° probe.

8. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end face of the test block body is also provided with a first flat bottom hole with a diameter of 4mm and a hole depth of 30mm, and the first flat bottom hole is inclined upward at 20° relative to the horizontal plane; the test block body is also provided with a third horizontal hole with a diameter of 3mm, the third horizontal hole is 10mm away from the top of the test block body and 230mm away from the rear end of the test block body. The test block body is also provided with a second flat-bottomed hole with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 20 mm. The opening of the second flat-bottomed hole is located on the top end face of the test block body. The second flat-bottomed hole is inclined downward at 20° relative to the top end face of the test block body and extends towards the inner side of the test block body. There are 4 second flat-bottomed holes, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs on both sides of the vertical center plane of the test block body and are 25 mm away from the vertical center plane of the test block body. In the length direction, the distances of the second flat-bottomed holes at intervals from the rear end of the test block body are 270 mm and 450 mm, respectively. The test block body is also provided with a fourth horizontal hole with a diameter of 3mm. The fourth horizontal hole is 25mm away from the top of the test block body and is located directly above the first horizontal hole. The test block body is also provided with a second screw hole with a diameter of 31mm. The distance between the second screw hole and the rear end of the test block body is 230mm, and the height is 4mm lower than the first screw hole. The test block body is also provided with a fifth horizontal hole and a sixth horizontal hole, which are located 15 mm and 30 mm from the top of the test block body, respectively. The fifth horizontal hole has a depth of 24 mm and a diameter of 3 mm. There are four fifth horizontal holes, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs on both sides of the vertical center plane of the test block body. The angle between the fifth horizontal hole and the width direction is 16°. All four fifth horizontal holes point to the inside of the test block body. In the length direction, the distance between two adjacent fifth horizontal holes is... The distances at the front ends are 120mm and 160mm respectively; the sixth transverse hole includes a third hole segment with a diameter of 9mm and a fourth hole segment with a diameter of 3mm. The length of the third hole segment is 8mm and the length of the fourth hole segment is 16mm. There are 4 sixth transverse holes, and the angle between the sixth transverse hole and the width direction is 16°. All 4 sixth transverse holes point to the inside of the test block body. In the length direction, the distances between two adjacent sixth transverse holes and the front end of the test block body are 120mm and 160mm respectively. The test block body is also provided with a seventh horizontal hole with a diameter of 3mm. The seventh horizontal hole is 100mm away from the top of the test block body and 130mm away from the rear end of the test block body. The test block body is also provided with an eighth horizontal hole, which is 60mm from the bottom end of the test block body, 30mm from the rear end of the test block body, and close to the first screw hole; the eighth horizontal hole includes a fifth hole segment with a diameter of 15mm and a sixth hole segment with a diameter of 3mm, and the length of the fifth hole segment is 5mm. The test block body is also provided with a ninth horizontal hole and a tenth horizontal hole, both with a diameter of 3mm. The ninth horizontal hole is located directly above the first horizontal hole and 25mm away from the top of the test block body. The tenth horizontal hole is 35mm away from the bottom of the test block body and 380mm away from the rear end of the test block body. The front face of the test block body has, from top to bottom, a third flat-bottomed hole, a fourth flat-bottomed hole, a fifth flat-bottomed hole, a sixth flat-bottomed hole, a seventh flat-bottomed hole, an eighth flat-bottomed hole, and a ninth flat-bottomed hole, each with a diameter of 4mm. The fifth, sixth, and seventh flat-bottomed holes are all located on the center line of the front face of the test block body, and their distances from the top of the test block body are 65mm, 90mm, and 135mm, respectively. There are two third flat-bottomed holes, each 10mm from the top of the test block body, with one of the third flat-bottomed holes located on the center line of the front face. On the line, another third flat-bottomed hole is located 20mm to the left of the center line. There are two fourth flat-bottomed holes, one of which is located on the center line of the front face, and the other is located 25mm to the right of the center line. There are three eighth flat-bottomed holes, all 10mm from the bottom of the test block body. One of the eighth flat-bottomed holes is located on the center line of the front face, and the other two are located 50mm to the left and 25mm to the right of the center line, respectively. The ninth flat-bottomed hole is 6mm from the bottom of the test block body and 8mm from the right end of the front face of the test block body. The test block body has a tenth flat-bottomed hole and an eleventh flat-bottomed hole, both with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 30 mm, on its rear end face. The tenth flat-bottomed hole is located 25 mm to the left of the center line of the rear end face, and the hole opening is 26 mm from the top of the test block body. The eleventh flat-bottomed hole is located 15 mm to the right of the center line of the rear end face, and the hole opening is 31 mm from the top of the test block body. Both the tenth and eleventh flat-bottomed holes are inclined upward at 20°.

9. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The test block body is also provided with a first groove and a second groove, both with a vertical height of 10 mm and a groove depth of 3 mm. The groove width of the first groove and the second groove is not greater than 0.3 mm. The first groove is located at the right end of the waist of the test block body, and the horizontal center line of the first groove is 100 mm away from the top of the test block body. The second groove is located at the left end of the waist of the test block body, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the second groove and the top of the first groove is 10 mm. The first groove is 265 mm away from the rear end of the test block body, and the second groove is 45 mm in front of the first groove. The test block body is also provided with a third groove and a fourth groove, each with a groove length of 10 mm, a groove depth of 2 mm, and a groove width of no more than 0.3 mm. The third groove and the fourth groove are symmetrically distributed with respect to the vertical center plane of the test block body and are located directly above the first horizontal hole.

10. The wheel probe performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test block body is further provided with a fifth groove and a sixth groove, which are symmetrically distributed with respect to the vertical center plane of the test block body. The fifth groove and the sixth groove are 170mm away from the front end of the test block body. The groove opening diameter of the fifth groove and the sixth groove is 4mm, the groove depth is 5mm, and the bottom of the groove is conical with an angle of 120°. The bottom surface of the test block body is provided with a seventh groove, an eighth groove, and a ninth groove, which are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the bottom surface. The seventh groove is 235mm away from the rear end of the test block body. The eighth groove is located 15mm in front of the seventh groove, and the ninth groove is located 15mm in front of the eighth groove. The groove width of the seventh groove, the eighth groove, and the ninth groove is no more than 0.3mm, the groove length is 10mm, and the groove depth is 1mm, 2mm, and 4mm, respectively. The test block body has a tenth groove on its bottom surface. The tenth groove is symmetrical with respect to the center line of the bottom surface. The distance between the tenth groove and the rear end of the test block body is 115mm. The diameter of the tenth groove is 10mm, the groove depth is 10mm, and the bottom of the groove is conical with an angle of 120°.

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