Protection circuit, motor assembly and vehicle
By introducing a first comparator circuit, a delay circuit, and a second comparator circuit into the load circuit, the load circuit is controlled to enter protection mode and exit after a delay when a fault occurs, thus solving the problem of frequent start/stop of the load circuit and improving stability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHEJIANG GEELY HLDG GRP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, load circuits are prone to frequent start-up/shutdown when there are overcurrent, overvoltage or overtemperature faults, which can lead to device damage and poor stability.
The system employs a first comparison circuit, a delay circuit, and a second comparison circuit. It controls the load circuit to enter protection mode by detecting the signal, and exits protection mode after a delay once the fault disappears, thus avoiding frequent start-up/shutdown.
It improves the stability of the load circuit and avoids damage caused by frequent start-up/shutdown.
Smart Images
Figure CN224329203U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of electric motors, and more particularly to a protection circuit, an electric motor assembly, and a vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] To prevent overcurrent damage to products and to expedite overcurrent protection as quickly as possible, overcurrent protection functions are typically incorporated into electrical equipment. This involves monitoring the current in the load circuit and determining overcurrent based on the detected current. If the detected current exceeds a current threshold, the load circuit is shut down.
[0003] In conventional hardware protection circuits, when an overcurrent occurs, an overcurrent signal is output to shut down the load circuit. Once the load is shut off, the overcurrent disappears, and the overcurrent signal also disappears, at which point the load circuit reconnects. If the overcurrent fault in the load circuit is not resolved, the repeated shutting off and reconnection of the load can easily damage components. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the problems in the prior art, this application provides a protection circuit, motor assembly, and vehicle to improve the stability of the load circuit.
[0005] This application provides a protection circuit, the protection circuit comprising:
[0006] A first comparison circuit is used to receive a detection signal; the first comparison circuit is used to output a first protection signal when the voltage of the detection signal is greater than or equal to a first reference voltage; and to output a first normal signal when the voltage of the detection signal is less than the first reference voltage.
[0007] A delay circuit is electrically connected to the first comparator circuit, and the delay circuit is also used to receive a power supply voltage; the power supply voltage is used to charge the delay circuit based on the first protection signal; the delay circuit is also used to discharge based on the first normal signal;
[0008] The second comparator circuit is electrically connected to the delay circuit and the load circuit. The second comparator circuit is used to receive the voltage output by the delay circuit, and output a second protection signal when the voltage output by the delay circuit is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage. The second protection signal is used to control the load circuit to stop working.
[0009] In one embodiment, the delay circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor, and a diode;
[0010] The positive terminal of the diode is used to connect to the power supply voltage. The negative terminal of the diode is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor. The first end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator circuit. The second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the second end of the second resistor and the first end of the first capacitor. The first end of the first capacitor is also electrically connected to the second comparator circuit. The second end of the first capacitor is grounded.
[0011] In one embodiment, the resistance value of the first resistor is less than the resistance value of the second resistor.
[0012] In one embodiment, the delay circuit further includes a delay chip and a second capacitor;
[0013] The first terminal of the delay chip is used to connect to the power supply voltage, the second terminal of the delay chip is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second capacitor, the first terminal of the second capacitor is also electrically connected to the second comparator circuit, and the second terminal of the second capacitor is grounded.
[0014] The delay chip is used to control the second capacitor to perform delayed discharge.
[0015] In one embodiment, the protection circuit further includes an amplifier circuit;
[0016] The input terminal of the amplifier circuit is used to receive the detection signal, and the output terminal of the amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit; the amplifier circuit is used to amplify the detection signal and output it to the first comparison circuit.
[0017] In one embodiment, the detection signal is a current detection signal, and the protection circuit further includes a current detection circuit;
[0018] The current detection circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit and the load circuit; the current detection circuit is used to collect the current of the load circuit and output the current detection signal to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit.
[0019] In one embodiment, the detection signal is a voltage detection signal, and the protection circuit further includes a voltage detection circuit;
[0020] The voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit and the load circuit; the voltage detection circuit is used to acquire the voltage of the load circuit and output the voltage detection signal to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit.
[0021] In one embodiment, the detection signal is a temperature detection signal, and the protection circuit further includes a temperature detection circuit;
[0022] The temperature detection circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit; the temperature detection circuit is used to detect the operating temperature of the load circuit and output the temperature detection signal to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit.
[0023] This application also proposes a motor assembly, including a controller, a motor, and the aforementioned protection circuit;
[0024] The protection circuit is electrically connected to the controller and the motor. The protection circuit is used to detect the operating parameters of the motor and output the second protection signal when the operating parameters are outside the preset range. The operating parameters include at least one of operating current, operating voltage, and operating temperature.
[0025] The controller is electrically connected to the motor, and the controller is used to control the motor to stop working when it receives the second protection signal.
[0026] This application also proposes a vehicle including the aforementioned motor assembly.
[0027] This application utilizes a first comparator circuit, a delay circuit, and a second comparator circuit to output a second protection signal when the load circuit's detection signal is abnormal, controlling the load circuit to enter protection mode and cease operation. The delay circuit, after the abnormality in the load circuit disappears, triggers the second comparator circuit to output a second normal signal, thus causing the load circuit to exit protection mode after a delay once the abnormality has subsided. This avoids damage caused by frequent start-up / shutdown of the load circuit while the abnormality remains unresolved, improving the stability of the load circuit. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of an embodiment of the protection circuit of this application.
[0029] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the protection circuit of this application.
[0030] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of another embodiment of the protection circuit of this application.
[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of another embodiment of the protection circuit of this application.
[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of another embodiment of the protection circuit of this application.
[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of another embodiment of the protection circuit of this application.
[0034] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of an embodiment of the motor assembly of this application.
[0035] Key component symbols: Protection circuit - 100; First comparator circuit - 110; Delay circuit - 120; Second comparator circuit - 130; First resistor - R1; Second resistor - R2; First capacitor - C1; Delay chip - 121; Second capacitor - C2; Diode - D0; Amplifier circuit - 140; Current detection circuit - 150; Voltage detection circuit - 160; Temperature detection circuit - 170; Controller - 200; Motor assembly - 300.
[0036] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate this application. Detailed Implementation
[0037] The following description will refer to the accompanying drawings to provide a more complete picture of the present application. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present application. However, the present application may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. These exemplary embodiments are provided to make the present application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art. Similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components.
[0038] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to also include the plural forms. Furthermore, when used herein, “comprising” and / or “including” and / or “having,” integers, steps, operations, components, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. Furthermore, unless expressly defined herein, terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be interpreted as having the same meaning as they have in the relevant art and in the content of this application, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning.
[0040] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates exemplary embodiments. It should be noted that components depicted in the drawings are not necessarily shown to scale; and identical or similar components will be designated with the same or similar reference numerals or similar technical terms.
[0041] Reference Figure 1This application proposes a protection circuit 100, which includes a first comparison circuit 110, a delay circuit 120, and a second comparison circuit 130. The first comparison circuit 110 is used to receive a detection signal; it is used to output a first protection signal when the voltage of the detection signal is greater than or equal to a first reference voltage, and to output a first normal signal when the voltage of the detection signal is less than the first reference voltage. The delay circuit 120 is electrically connected to the first comparison circuit 110 and is also used to receive a supply voltage; the supply voltage is used to charge the delay circuit 120 based on the first protection signal; the delay circuit 120 is also used to discharge based on the first normal signal. The second comparison circuit 130 is electrically connected to the delay circuit 120 and a load circuit, and is used to receive the voltage output by the delay circuit 120, and to output a second protection signal when the voltage output by the delay circuit 120 is greater than or equal to a second reference voltage; the second protection signal is used to control the load circuit to stop operating.
[0042] In this embodiment, the detection signal can be a voltage signal, current signal, temperature signal, etc., from the load circuit. The load circuit can be a drive circuit, power supply circuit, control circuit, etc., and this application embodiment is not limited to this. If an overcurrent / overvoltage / overtemperature fault exists in the load circuit, and the voltage of the detection signal is greater than the first reference voltage, the first comparator circuit 110 outputs a first protection signal, causing the supply voltage to charge the delay circuit 120 to a level greater than or equal to the second reference voltage. At this time, the second comparator circuit 130 outputs a second protection voltage to control the load circuit to enter protection mode and stop working.
[0043] After the load circuit stops working, the overcurrent / overvoltage / overtemperature faults disappear, and the voltage of the detection signal is less than the first reference voltage. The first comparator circuit 110 outputs a first normal signal. At this time, the delay circuit 120 discharges, and the voltage of the delay circuit 120 decreases slowly, thus extending the time for the first input terminal of the second comparator circuit 130 to drop to the second reference voltage. When the voltage of the delay circuit 120 drops to the second reference voltage, the second comparator circuit 130 can output a second normal signal to control the load circuit to exit the protection mode. In this way, by slowly discharging the delay circuit 120 when the overcurrent / overvoltage / overtemperature faults disappear, the time from the disappearance of the fault to the output of the second normal signal by the second comparator circuit 130 is extended, thus delaying the time for the load circuit to exit the protection mode from the disappearance of the fault.
[0044] For example, the load circuit is a drive circuit. The detection signal is the operating current of the drive circuit. If an overcurrent fault occurs in the drive circuit, the voltage at the first input terminal of the first comparator circuit 110 is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage, and the output terminal of the first comparator circuit 110 is at a high level. At this time, the supply voltage charges the delay circuit 120 until the voltage at the second terminal of the delay circuit 120 is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage. Then, the second comparator circuit 130 outputs a high level to control the drive circuit to enter protection mode and stop working.
[0045] After the drive circuit stops working, the overcurrent phenomenon disappears, and the voltage at the first input terminal of the first comparator circuit 110 is lower than the first reference voltage, resulting in a low-level output at the first comparator circuit 110. At this time, the delay circuit 120 discharges to the output terminal of the first comparator circuit 110, causing its voltage to slowly decrease until it falls below the second reference voltage. Simultaneously, the second comparator circuit 130 outputs a low level to control the drive circuit to exit the protection mode. Because the delay circuit 120 discharges, it increases the time it takes for the voltage at the first input terminal of the second comparator circuit 130 to drop below the second reference voltage, thus delaying the time for the drive circuit to exit the protection mode. This prevents damage caused by frequent start / stop of the load circuit while the fault remains unresolved, improving the stability of the load circuit.
[0046] The first and second reference voltages can be set according to the actual application. For example, the first reference voltage can be set according to the operating current, operating voltage, and operating temperature of the load circuit. The second reference voltage can be set to a smaller value to quickly trigger the output of the second protection signal.
[0047] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment, the first comparison circuit 110 includes a first comparator and a first voltage divider circuit. The first input terminal of the first comparator is the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit 110, and the output terminal of the first comparator is the output terminal of the first comparison circuit 110. The first terminal of the first voltage divider circuit is used to connect to the supply voltage, and the second terminal of the first voltage divider circuit is electrically connected to the second input terminal of the first comparator. The second terminal of the first voltage divider circuit is used to output the first reference voltage. The first voltage divider circuit can be implemented using multiple voltage-dividing resistors, and the resistance values of the voltage-dividing resistors can be set according to the actual application to output a suitable first reference voltage.
[0048] The structure of the second comparator circuit 130 can be implemented with reference to the first comparator circuit 110, and will not be described in detail here.
[0049] This application utilizes a first comparator circuit 110, a delay circuit 120, and a second comparator circuit 130 to output a second protection signal when the load circuit's detection signal is abnormal, controlling the load circuit to enter protection mode and cease operation. The delay circuit 120, after the abnormality in the load circuit disappears, triggers the second comparator circuit 130 to output a second normal signal, thus causing the load circuit to exit protection mode after a delay once the abnormality has disappeared. This avoids damage caused by frequent start-up / shutdown of the load circuit while the abnormality remains unresolved, improving the stability of the load circuit.
[0050] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment, the delay circuit 120 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first capacitor C1, and a diode D0. The anode of the diode D0 is connected to the power supply voltage, the cathode of the diode D0 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R1, the first terminal of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator circuit 110, the second terminal of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second resistor R2 and the first terminal of the first capacitor C1, the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 is also electrically connected to the second comparator circuit 130, and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is grounded.
[0051] In this embodiment, when the output terminal of the first comparator circuit 110 outputs the first protection signal, the power supply voltage can charge the first capacitor C1 through the first resistor R1 or the second resistor R2. When the voltage of the first capacitor C1 reaches the first reference voltage, the second comparator circuit 130 outputs the second protection signal.
[0052] When the first comparator circuit 110 outputs a first normal signal, due to the unidirectional conduction characteristic of diode D0, the first capacitor C1 can discharge to the output of the first comparator circuit 110 through the second resistor R2. When the voltage of the first capacitor C1 discharges to a level lower than the first reference voltage, the second comparator circuit 130 outputs a second normal signal.
[0053] The resistance values of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 can be set according to the actual application to achieve the required charging and discharging time.
[0054] In one embodiment, the resistance of the first resistor R1 is less than the resistance of the second resistor R2. Thus, the first supply voltage can quickly charge the first capacitor C1 through the smaller resistance of the first resistor R1, and the first capacitor C1 can slowly discharge through the larger resistance of the second resistor R2.
[0055] Reference Figure 3In one embodiment, the delay circuit 120 may further include a delay chip 121 and a second capacitor C2. A first terminal of the delay chip 121 is connected to a power supply voltage, and a second terminal of the delay chip 121 is electrically connected to a first segment of the second capacitor C2. The first terminal of the second capacitor C2 is also electrically connected to the second comparator circuit 130, and the second terminal of the second capacitor C2 is grounded. The delay chip 121 is used to control the second capacitor C2 to perform delayed discharge.
[0056] For example, the delay duration of the delay chip 121 can be set to a first preset duration. When the first output terminal of the first comparator circuit 110 is at a low level, the discharge voltage of the second capacitor C2 is delayed by the delay chip 121 for the first preset duration before discharging to the first output terminal of the first comparator. In this way, the time for the voltage of the second capacitor C2 to drop below the second reference voltage is delayed, that is, the time for the second reference voltage to output the second normal signal is delayed, thereby delaying the exit from the protection mode after the abnormal detection signal of the load circuit disappears.
[0057] In some embodiments, the delay chip 121 may be a chip with delay function, such as a 555 timer chip.
[0058] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 In one embodiment, the protection circuit 100 further includes an amplifier circuit 140. The input terminal of the amplifier circuit 140 is used to receive the detection signal, and the output terminal of the amplifier circuit 140 is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit 110; the amplifier circuit 140 is used to amplify the detection signal and output it to the first comparison circuit 110.
[0059] In this embodiment, the amplification circuit 140 can be implemented using amplifiers, resistors, etc. After the detection signal is amplified by the amplification circuit 140, it is output to the first comparison circuit 110, so that the amplified detection signal can be accurately identified by the first comparison circuit 110.
[0060] Reference Figure 4 In one embodiment, the protection circuit 100 further includes a current detection circuit 150. The detection signal can be a current detection signal. The current detection circuit 150 is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit 110, and the current detection circuit 150 is also electrically connected to the load circuit. The current detection circuit 150 is used to collect the current of the load circuit and output a corresponding current detection signal.
[0061] In this embodiment, the current detection circuit 150 can be implemented using a detection resistor, a current detection chip, or the like. The current detection circuit 150 can detect the current in the load circuit and convert the detected current into a corresponding voltage, which is then transmitted to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit 110.
[0062] Reference Figure 5 In one embodiment, the protection circuit 100 further includes a voltage detection circuit 160. The detection signal can be a voltage detection signal. The voltage detection circuit 160 is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit 110, and the voltage detection circuit 160 is also electrically connected to the load circuit. The voltage detection circuit 160 is used to acquire the voltage of the load circuit and output a corresponding voltage detection signal.
[0063] In this embodiment, the voltage detection circuit 160 can be implemented using voltage divider resistors. The voltage detection circuit 160 can detect the voltage in the load circuit and transmit the detected voltage to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit 110.
[0064] Reference Figure 6 In one embodiment, the protection circuit 100 further includes a temperature detection circuit 170. The detection signal can be a temperature detection signal, and the temperature detection circuit 170 is used to detect the operating temperature of the load circuit and output a corresponding temperature detection signal.
[0065] In this embodiment, the temperature detection circuit 170 can be located close to the load circuit. The temperature detection circuit 170 can be implemented using a temperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor). The temperature sensor can convert the detected temperature into a corresponding voltage signal and transmit it to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit 110.
[0066] Reference Figure 7 This application also proposes a motor assembly 300, including a controller 200, a motor, and the aforementioned protection circuit 100. The protection circuit 100 is electrically connected to the controller 200 and the motor 300. The protection circuit 100 is used to detect the operating parameters of the motor and output a second protection signal when the operating parameters are outside a preset range. The operating parameters may include at least one of operating current, operating voltage, and operating temperature. The controller 200 is electrically connected to the motor and is used to control the motor to stop working when it receives the second protection signal. The controller 200 can be implemented using a microprocessor, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or other chip with control functions. The preset range can be set according to the actual operating parameters of the motor.
[0067] The detailed structure of the protection circuit 100 can be referred to in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It is understood that since the above protection circuit 100 is used in the motor assembly 300 of this application, the embodiments of the motor assembly 300 of this application include all the technical solutions of all the embodiments of the above protection circuit 100, and the technical effects achieved are exactly the same, and will not be repeated here.
[0068] This application also proposes a vehicle that includes the aforementioned motor assembly 300.
[0069] The detailed structure of the motor assembly 300 can be referred to in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It is understood that since the above motor assembly 300 is used in the vehicle of this application, the embodiments of the vehicle of this application include all the technical solutions of all embodiments of the above motor assembly 300, and the technical effects achieved are exactly the same, and will not be repeated here.
[0070] The specific embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and substitutions can be made to the specific embodiments of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. All such changes and substitutions fall within the scope defined by this application.
Claims
1. A protection circuit, characterized in that, The protection circuit includes: A first comparison circuit is used to receive a detection signal; the first comparison circuit is used to output a first protection signal when the voltage of the detection signal is greater than or equal to a first reference voltage; and to output a first normal signal when the voltage of the detection signal is less than the first reference voltage. A delay circuit is electrically connected to the first comparator circuit, and the delay circuit is also used to receive a power supply voltage; the power supply voltage is used to charge the delay circuit based on the first protection signal; the delay circuit is also used to discharge based on the first normal signal; The second comparator circuit is electrically connected to the delay circuit and the load circuit. The second comparator circuit is used to receive the voltage output by the delay circuit, and output a second protection signal when the voltage output by the delay circuit is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage. The second protection signal is used to control the load circuit to stop working.
2. The protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The delay circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor, and a diode; The positive terminal of the diode is used to connect to the power supply voltage. The negative terminal of the diode is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor. The first end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator circuit. The second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the second end of the second resistor and the first end of the first capacitor. The first end of the first capacitor is also electrically connected to the second comparator circuit. The second end of the first capacitor is grounded.
3. The protection circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The resistance of the first resistor is less than the resistance of the second resistor.
4. The protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The delay circuit also includes a delay chip and a second capacitor; The first terminal of the delay chip is used to connect to the power supply voltage, the second terminal of the delay chip is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second capacitor, the first terminal of the second capacitor is also electrically connected to the second comparator circuit, and the second terminal of the second capacitor is grounded. The delay chip is used to control the second capacitor to perform delayed discharge.
5. The protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protection circuit also includes an amplifier circuit; The input terminal of the amplifier circuit is used to receive the detection signal, and the output terminal of the amplifier circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit; the amplifier circuit is used to amplify the detection signal and output it to the first comparison circuit.
6. The protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection signal is a current detection signal, and the protection circuit further includes a current detection circuit; The current detection circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit and the load circuit; the current detection circuit is used to collect the current of the load circuit and output the current detection signal to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit.
7. The protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection signal is a voltage detection signal, and the protection circuit further includes a voltage detection circuit; The voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit and the load circuit; the voltage detection circuit is used to acquire the voltage of the load circuit and output the voltage detection signal to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit.
8. The protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection signal is a temperature detection signal, and the protection circuit also includes a temperature detection circuit; The temperature detection circuit is electrically connected to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit; the temperature detection circuit is used to detect the operating temperature of the load circuit and output the temperature detection signal to the first input terminal of the first comparison circuit.
9. A motor assembly, characterized in that, Includes a controller, a motor, and a protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; The protection circuit is electrically connected to the controller and the motor. The protection circuit is used to detect the operating parameters of the motor and output the second protection signal when the operating parameters are outside the preset range. The operating parameters include at least one of operating current, operating voltage, and operating temperature. The controller is electrically connected to the motor, and the controller is used to control the motor to stop working when it receives the second protection signal.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the motor assembly as described in claim 9.