A stepped step drill suitable for composite materials

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of machining tool technology, and particularly relates to a stepped drill suitable for composite materials. In existing devices, the cutting edge is fixed to the tool head in a one-piece molding manner. When the cutting edge wears or is damaged, it cannot be replaced individually; often the entire tool needs to be replaced, increasing maintenance costs and wasting resources. The proposed solution includes a drill shank with a drill body mounted at one end. The drill body is stepped and composed of multiple cutting sections of different diameters connected sequentially. The advantages of this utility model are: the cutting edge is detachably mounted in a slot; when the cutting edge wears, only the worn cutting edge needs to be replaced, without replacing the entire drill body, reducing tool costs. Other parts of the drill body can continue to be used. Different materials and geometric shapes of cutting edges can be flexibly replaced to suit different composite materials and drilling requirements, enhancing the tool's adaptability to different working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a stepped drill, specifically a stepped drill suitable for composite materials, and belongs to the field of machining tool technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of composite materials in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries, the requirements for composite material processing tools are also increasing. When drilling composite materials, due to their unique properties such as anisotropy and weak interlayer bonding, traditional drilling tools are prone to defects such as material delamination and tearing, severely affecting processing quality and product performance.

[0003] In the prior art, such as the stepped drill disclosed in announcement number CN214815120U, a transition surface is provided between the step and the conical surface to form an arc transition. When the stepped drill is machining thin plates, when drilling through one step to the next step, the cutting width gradually increases from the starting point of the arc. This can alleviate the impact force and prevent the drill bit from getting stuck due to overcutting. The above-mentioned prior art has the following shortcomings: the cutting edge is fixed on the tool head by an integral molding method. When the cutting edge is worn or damaged, it cannot be replaced separately. Often, the entire tool needs to be replaced, which increases maintenance costs and wastes resources. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a stepped drill suitable for composite materials to solve the problems of the above-mentioned device where the cutting head is fixed on the cutting head in an integral molding manner, and when the cutting head is worn or damaged, it is impossible to replace the cutting head alone, and often the entire cutting tool needs to be replaced, which increases maintenance costs and wastes resources.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solution: a stepped drill suitable for composite materials, including a drill shank;

[0006] The drill body is mounted on one end of the drill shank. The drill body is stepped and consists of multiple cutting parts of different diameters connected in sequence. Each cutting part has a groove at its bottom, and a cutting tool is connected to the groove in a detachable manner. Each adjacent cutting part is smoothly transitioned by a transition surface.

[0007] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a countersunk hole is provided on the surface of the cutting tool, and a limiting screw is slidably connected in the countersunk hole. One end of the limiting screw passes through the cutting tool and is threaded into the limiting screw hole provided on the surface of the cutting part.

[0008] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the inner wall of the groove at the bottom of the cutting part is integrally formed with a limiting rod, and the surface of the cutting tool is provided with a limiting insertion hole. The cutting tool is engaged in the groove at the bottom of the cutting part through the limiting insertion hole and the limiting rod.

[0009] As a further improvement of this utility model, a tapered cutting head is installed at one end of the cutting part away from the drill shank.

[0010] As a further improvement of this utility model: a coolant channel is provided inside the drill shank, and a tapered cutting head extends from one end of the coolant channel. A coolant port is provided on the surface of each cutting part, and the outlet of the coolant port is located on one side of the cutting tool.

[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model, the drill body is provided with a chip removal groove, which extends from one end of the drill body near the drill shank to the end of the cutting part.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0013] This utility model utilizes a combination of structures including a drill body, cutting section, chip removal groove, tapered cutting head, limiting rod, limiting insertion hole, countersunk hole, coolant channel, and slot. The cutting tool is detachably installed in the slot. When the cutting tool wears out, only the worn cutting tool needs to be replaced, without replacing the entire drill body, thus reducing tool costs. Other parts of the drill body can continue to be used, extending the overall service life of the drill body and further saving resources. Different materials and geometric shapes of cutting tools can be flexibly replaced to meet different composite materials and drilling requirements, enhancing the adaptability of the tool to different working conditions.

[0014] The coolant can be sprayed directly onto the working part of the cutting tool through the coolant channel and coolant port. When drilling composite materials, the friction between the cutting tool and the material generates a lot of heat. The continuous and precise spraying of coolant can quickly remove the cutting heat, keeping the cutting tool at a suitable working temperature and effectively extending the tool's service life. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial internal structure of the drill shank in this utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting rod, cutting tool and limiting screw in this utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting part, coolant inlet, and cutting tool in this utility model;

[0019] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the countersunk hole, the limiting insertion hole, and the limiting screw hole in this utility model;

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Drill shank; 2. Drill body; 3. Cutting section; 4. Cutting tool; 5. Chip removal groove; 6. Tapered cutting head; 7. Limiting screw; 8. Limiting rod; 9. Limiting insertion hole; 10. Countersunk hole; 11. Coolant inlet; 12. Coolant channel; 13. Slot; 14. Limiting screw hole. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. Example 1

[0022] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a stepped drill suitable for composite materials includes a drill shank 1.

[0023] A drill body 2 is installed at one end of the drill shank 1. The drill body 2 is stepped and is composed of multiple cutting parts 3 of different diameters connected in sequence. A groove 13 is opened at the bottom of each cutting part 3, and a cutting tool 4 is connected in the groove 13 by a detachable installation method. Each adjacent cutting part 3 is smoothly transitioned by a transition surface.

[0024] The stepped drill body 2 is composed of multiple cutting parts 3 of different diameters connected in sequence. When drilling composite materials, stepped holes of different diameters can be processed in a single drilling operation, which greatly saves processing time and improves processing efficiency. Using this design can significantly shorten the production cycle. The cutting tool 4 is detachably installed in the slot 13. When the cutting tool 4 wears, only the worn cutting tool 4 needs to be replaced, without replacing the entire drill body 2, which reduces tool costs. Other parts of the drill body 2 can continue to be used, extending the overall service life of the drill body 2 and further saving resources. Cutting tools 4 of different materials and geometries can be flexibly replaced according to different composite materials and drilling requirements. For example, when processing high-hardness carbon fiber composite materials, a more wear-resistant carbide cutting tool 4 can be selected. When processing softer glass fiber composite materials, a cutting tool 4 with a sharper cutting edge and better toughness can be selected, which enhances the adaptability of the tool to different working conditions. The smooth transition between each adjacent cutting part 3 through the transition surface makes the cutting force of the drill body 2 more uniform and stable during the drilling process, reducing problems such as hole wall roughness and hole diameter deviation caused by sudden changes in cutting force, and ensuring the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the drilling.

[0025] Furthermore, a countersunk hole 10 is provided on the surface of the cutting tool 4, and a limiting screw 7 is slidably connected in the countersunk hole 10. One end of the limiting screw 7 passes through the cutting tool 4 and is threaded into the limiting screw hole 14 provided on the surface of the cutting part 3.

[0026] After the limiting screw 7 passes through the countersunk hole 10 on the surface of the cutting tool 4, it is threaded into the limiting screw hole 14 on the surface of the cutting part 3. Tightening the limiting screw 7 generates a strong clamping force, which firmly fixes the cutting tool 4 in the slot 13 of the cutting part 3. When drilling composite materials, it can effectively resist cutting forces and vibrations, ensuring that the cutting tool 4 will not loosen or shift during high-speed rotation and continuous cutting, thus ensuring the dimensional accuracy and stability of the drilling. When the cutting tool 4 is worn or needs to be replaced with a different type of cutting tool 4 according to different composite materials and drilling requirements, the cutting tool 4 can be easily removed from the slot 13 of the cutting part 3 by simply loosening the limiting screw 7 with a tool. The operation is simple and quick. Compared with some non-removable or complex connection methods, it greatly shortens the tool change time and improves production efficiency.

[0027] Furthermore, the inner wall of the groove 13 at the bottom of the cutting part 3 is integrally formed with a limiting rod 8, and the surface of the cutting tool 4 is provided with a limiting insertion hole 9. The cutting tool 4 is engaged in the groove 13 at the bottom of the cutting part 3 through the limiting insertion hole 9 and the limiting rod 8.

[0028] When installing the cutting tool 4, simply align the limiting insertion hole 9 on the surface of the cutting tool 4 with the limiting rod 8 on the inner wall of the slot 13 of the cutting part 3 to quickly complete the initial positioning. Compared with some installation methods without positioning structures, this greatly improves the installation efficiency and reduces the installation time. Example 2

[0029] Improvements based on Example 1:

[0030] Furthermore, a tapered cutting head 6 is installed at one end of the cutting section 3, which is away from the drill shank 1.

[0031] At the beginning of the drilling process, the tapered cutting head 6 can make contact with the surface of the composite material workpiece first. Due to its unique tapered structure, it can quickly form a positioning point on the material surface, guide the entire drill body 2 to drill in accurately, avoid deviation during the drilling process, and ensure the drilling position accuracy.

[0032] Furthermore, a coolant channel 12 is provided inside the drill shank 1, and a tapered cutting head 6 extends from one end of the coolant channel 12. A coolant port 11 is provided on the surface of each cutting part 3, and the outlet of the coolant port 11 is located on one side of the cutting tool 4.

[0033] The coolant can be directly sprayed onto the working part of the cutting tool 4 through the coolant channel 12 and the coolant port 11. When drilling composite materials, the cutting tool 4 generates a lot of heat due to friction with the material. The continuous and precise spraying of coolant can quickly remove the cutting heat, keeping the cutting tool 4 at a suitable working temperature and effectively extending the tool's service life.

[0034] Furthermore, the drill body 2 is provided with a chip removal groove 5, which extends from one end of the drill body 2 near the drill shank 1 to the end of the cutting part 3.

[0035] When drilling composite materials, the chip removal groove 5 can promptly remove the chips generated during the cutting process from the hole, preventing the chips accumulated in the hole from rubbing against the cutting tool 4 and the hole wall, which would aggravate the wear of the cutting tool 4 and may also scratch the surface of the machined hole wall, reducing the workpiece machining quality.

[0036] Working principle: When in use, select a suitable coolant based on the properties of the composite material, and connect the coolant delivery pipe tightly to the coolant inlet of the drill shank 1 to ensure that the coolant can smoothly reach the cutting part through the coolant channel 12.

[0037] Turn on the drilling equipment. After the equipment speed stabilizes at the preset cutting speed, slowly advance the worktable so that the drill body 2 is close to the composite material workpiece. When the tapered cutting head 6 of the cutting part 3 at the end away from the drill shank 1 contacts the workpiece surface, start feeding at a set feed rate at a uniform speed to process the workpiece.

[0038] When wear of the cutting tool 4 is found to affect drilling quality or cutting efficiency, stop the drilling equipment and wait for it to completely stop rotating. Disconnect the power supply to ensure safe operation. Using a suitable wrench, rotate the limit screw 7 counterclockwise to unscrew it from the limit screw hole 14 on the surface of the cutting part 3. Then, gently tap the cutting tool 4 to separate it from the slot 13. Due to the locking action between the limit insertion hole 9 and the limit rod 8, the cutting tool 4 will not fall off arbitrarily. Take out a new cutting tool 4 and check its cutting edge. Check the sharpness of the cutting edge and the absence of surface defects. Align the limiting insertion hole 9 on the surface of the cutting tool 4 with the limiting rod 8 on the inner wall of the slot 13 of the cutting part 3. Gently push the cutting tool 4 into the slot 13 until the two are tightly engaged. Then, pass the limiting screw 7 through the countersunk hole 10 on the surface of the cutting tool 4 and rotate it clockwise to thread it into the limiting screw hole 14. Tighten the limiting screw 7 to ensure that the cutting tool 4 is securely installed. After replacing the cutting tool 4, restart the drilling equipment and continue the drilling of composite materials.

[0039] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0040] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A stepped drill suitable for composite materials, comprising a drill shank (1); characterized in that: The drill shank (1) is equipped with a drill body (2) at one end. The drill body (2) is stepped and is composed of multiple cutting parts (3) of different diameters connected in sequence. Each cutting part (3) has a slot (13) at the bottom end, and a cutting tool (4) is connected in the slot (13) by a detachable installation method. Each adjacent cutting part (3) is smoothly transitioned by a transition surface.

2. The stepped drill for composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the cutting tool (4) is provided with a countersunk hole (10), and a limiting screw (7) is slidably connected in the countersunk hole (10). One end of the limiting screw (7) passes through the cutting tool (4) and is threaded into the limiting screw hole (14) opened on the surface of the cutting part (3).

3. The stepped drill for composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the groove (13) at the bottom of the cutting part (3) is integrally formed with a limiting rod (8), and the surface of the cutting tool (4) is provided with a limiting insertion hole (9). The cutting tool (4) is engaged in the groove (13) at the bottom of the cutting part (3) through the limiting insertion hole (9) and the limiting rod (8).

4. The stepped drill for composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tapered cutting head (6) is installed at one end of the cutting part (3) away from the drill shank (1).

5. The stepped drill for composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill shank (1) has a coolant channel (12) inside, and a tapered cutting head (6) extends from one end of the coolant channel (12). Each cutting part (3) has a coolant port (11) on its surface, and the outlet of the coolant port (11) is located on one side of the cutting tool (4).

6. The stepped drill for composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill body (2) is provided with a chip removal groove (5), which extends from one end of the drill body (2) near the drill shank (1) to the end of the cutting part (3).

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