Three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic and bridge structure

Abstract

The utility model belongs to bridge disaster prevention and mitigation technical field discloses heavy load traffic under single column pier bridge overturning three -dimensional displacement monitoring devices and bridge structure, including the connecting rod that can be connected with main girder and with main girder synchronous movement, and the fixed frame that can be connected with pier and with pier synchronous movement, the shape of fixed frame is cuboid, is equipped with the cross block in fixed frame, the cross block is slidably connected with the horizontal optical axis and longitudinal optical axis of the different surface and each other vertical, the both ends of horizontal optical axis and the inner wall contact of one group of opposite faces of fixed frame, the both ends of longitudinal optical axis and the inner wall contact of another group of opposite faces of fixed frame, the both ends of horizontal optical axis and longitudinal optical axis all are equipped with the marking device, the connecting rod is connected through universal coupling between cross block. The utility model mainly adopts mechanical structure, and the measurement result is relatively accurate, can realize under heavy load traffic single column pier bridge full bridge three -dimensional displacement long -term measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of bridge disaster prevention and mitigation technology, specifically relating to a three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic and the bridge structure. Background Technology

[0002] Single-column pier bridges are a special type of highway bridge. Due to their advantages such as small footprint, strong adaptability to complex sites, good visibility under the bridge, and economic and aesthetic appeal, single-column pier bridges are widely used in urban interchanges and highway overpass projects both domestically and internationally.

[0003] However, in recent years, there have been frequent reports of bridge collapses caused by overloaded vehicles, resulting in serious casualties, economic losses, and social impact. Bridge collapse occurs when overloaded vehicles cause the unidirectional supports to detach sequentially, leading to the failure of boundary conditions and ultimately causing the bridge to lose balance and collapse.

[0004] To prevent the overturning and collapse of single-column pier bridges, it is usually necessary to monitor the tilt angle or displacement of the main girder. Changes in tilt angle or displacement can further infer whether there is a risk of overturning. Currently, existing technologies mostly use image vision or specific displacement sensors (dial gauges, laser displacement meters) to measure the deformation of the main girder. These technologies are susceptible to light, electromagnetic interference, and the transmission of signals via wires, resulting in errors in the measured data. Furthermore, most measurement techniques rely on power supply, which is impractical in areas with limited resources, such as cable installation, and battery life or capacity limits the ability to perform long-term measurements. Mechanical measurement methods, as a safe and reliable approach, do not require power and still offer significant advantages in long-term three-dimensional displacement monitoring of single-column pier bridges. To address the limitations of existing measurement technologies—such as the inability to install cables in remote areas, susceptibility to signal interference, and the inability to achieve long-term monitoring—there is an urgent need for a safe and reliable mechanical long-term three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the entire bridge, enabling long-term three-dimensional displacement measurement of in-service single-column pier bridges under heavy traffic. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a three-dimensional displacement monitoring device and bridge structure for the overturning of single-column pier bridges under heavy traffic. This utility model mainly adopts a mechanical structure, and the measurement results are relatively accurate, enabling long-term three-dimensional displacement measurement of the entire bridge of in-service single-column pier bridges under heavy traffic.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic includes a connecting rod that can be connected to the main beam and move synchronously with the main beam, and a fixed frame that can be connected to the pier and move synchronously with the pier. The fixed frame is cuboid in shape and has a cross block. A transverse optical axis and a longitudinal optical axis that are skewed and perpendicular to each other are slidably connected on the cross block. The two ends of the transverse optical axis are in contact with one set of opposite inner walls of the fixed frame, and the two ends of the longitudinal optical axis are in contact with the other set of opposite inner walls of the fixed frame. Both ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes are equipped with marking devices. The connecting rod and the cross block are connected by a universal coupling.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting rod is an adjustable telescopic rod. The length of the connecting rod is fixed after the connecting rod is connected to the main beam, the fixed frame is connected to the pier, and the initial position of the cross block is fixed.

[0009] Preferably, a steel pad is fixedly provided at one end of the connecting rod that is connected to the main beam, and the steel pad is provided with fastening bolts that can be threadedly connected to the main beam.

[0010] Preferably, both ends of the transverse optical axis and both ends of the longitudinal optical axis are provided with a mounting plate. The axis of the transverse optical axis is perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plate at both ends of the transverse optical axis, and the axis of the longitudinal optical axis is perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plate at both ends of the longitudinal optical axis. The mounting plate is attached to the inner surface of the fixed frame.

[0011] Preferably, the drawing device includes cavities opened inside the ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes, the cavities being filled with ink, the outlet of the cavities extending to the center of the ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes, and the outlet of the cavities being provided with a carbon pen refill for drawing lines, the carbon pen refill being in contact with the inner wall surface of the fixed frame.

[0012] Preferably, both the ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes are connected to ink cartridges for filling the cavity with ink, and the outlet of the ink cartridge is connected to the cavity.

[0013] Preferably, both ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes are connected to sliding scale assemblies. Each sliding scale assembly includes a first sliding scale and a second sliding scale, arranged in a V-shape. One end of each sliding scale has a through hole and is fitted onto the ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes. Both the first and second sliding scales are rotatable around their respective axes. The other ends of each sliding scale are fitted with rotating grooves that allow sliding along them. These rotating grooves are rotatably connected to the fixed frame. Specifically, the axis of rotation of the rotating grooves on the first and second sliding scales connected to both ends of the longitudinal optical axis is parallel to the central axis of the longitudinal optical axis, and the axis of rotation of the rotating grooves on the first and second sliding scales connected to both ends of the transverse optical axis is parallel to the central axis of the transverse optical axis.

[0014] Preferably, the sidewall of the fixed frame is provided with a scale grid for marking the marking trajectory of the marking device.

[0015] Preferably, the sidewalls of the fixing frame are transparent, and the scale mesh is disposed on the outer surface of the sidewalls of the fixing frame.

[0016] Preferably, the top of the fixed frame is provided with a top cover, the connecting rod passes through the top cover, the top cover is provided with a through hole for the connecting rod to pass through, the diameter of the through hole is 5-10 times the outer diameter of the connecting rod, an elastic sealing film is provided at the through hole, the outer edge of the elastic sealing film is sealed to the top cover, and the inner edge of the elastic sealing film is sealed to the connecting rod.

[0017] This utility model also provides a bridge structure, including a main beam, a pier, and the three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in this utility model. The main beam is set on the top of the pier, the upper end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main beam, and the fixing frame is fixedly installed on the upper end of the pier.

[0018] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In this utility model of a three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic, the connecting rod can be connected to the main beam and move synchronously with the main beam. Therefore, after the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the main beam during use, the movement of the connecting rod can reflect the displacement of the main beam. The connecting rod is connected to the cross block, so when the main beam is displaced, the connecting rod can drive the cross block to move. The cross block has skewed and mutually perpendicular transverse and longitudinal optical axes. Therefore, when the cross block moves, it can drive the transverse and longitudinal optical axes to move, thereby moving the cross block. The movement is transformed into three-dimensional movement of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes. Both ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes are equipped with scribing devices, allowing the three-axis displacements of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes to be drawn on the fixed frame. Finally, using geometric calculations based on the three-axis displacements of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes, the displacement trajectory of the intersecting blocks can be obtained. Since the fixed frame is connected to the piers and moves synchronously with them, the displacement trajectory of the main beam relative to the piers can be obtained through the displacement trajectory of the intersecting blocks, thus realizing three-dimensional displacement monitoring of the overturning of in-service single-column pier bridges under heavy traffic. As can be seen from the above scheme of this utility model, the three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of single-column pier bridges under heavy traffic adopts a purely mechanical structure, avoiding the technical bottlenecks of existing technologies that require electrical equipment (devices) for measurement, which are easily affected by interference from the acquired signals and cannot achieve long-term monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic according to this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic, according to this utility model.

[0023] Figure 4 These are three views of the frame structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the upper steering block and the lower steering block of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This utility model provides a three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic conditions. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 7 This utility model provides a three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic conditions. Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the cross block of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a connection diagram of the internal structure of the three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the longitudinal and transverse optical axes of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the cross block structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the sliding ruler and the transverse optical axis of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the sliding ruler, rotating groove, and fixing strip of this utility model.

[0033] In the diagram, 1-main beam, 2-pier, 3-overturning three-dimensional displacement monitoring device, 4-steel pad one, 5-fastening bolt, 6-steel pad two, 7-channel bracket, 8-sliding tube one, 9-sliding tube two, 10-fastening screw one, 11-top cover, 12-reflective target, 13-gradient mesh, 14-fastening screw two, 15-transverse optical axis, 16-longitudinal optical axis, 17-side plate, 18-sliding ruler, 19-frame, 20-pattern plate, 21-upper steering block, 22-lower steering block, 23-ink cartridge, 24-through hole, 25-rotating slide, 26-fixing strip, 27-cross block, 28-base plate, 29-carbon pen refill, 30-carbon ink, 31-screw hole, 32-stop block, 33-gradient strip, 34-pin, 35-cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The described embodiments are merely a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them.

[0035] Reference Figures 1-3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 This embodiment of a three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic includes a connecting rod that can be connected to the main beam 1 and move synchronously with the main beam 1, and a fixed frame that can be connected to the pier 2 and move synchronously with the pier 2. The fixed frame is cuboid in shape and has a cross block 27. A transverse optical axis 15 and a longitudinal optical axis 16, which are skewed and perpendicular to each other, are slidably connected to the cross block 27. The two ends of the transverse optical axis 15 contact one set of opposite inner walls of the fixed frame, and the two ends of the longitudinal optical axis 16 contact the other set of opposite inner walls of the fixed frame. Both ends of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 are equipped with marking devices. The connecting rod and the cross block 27 are connected by a universal coupling. In using this embodiment, the upper end of the connecting rod is connected to the bottom of the main beam 1 (see...). Figure 1 and Figure 2 The fixed frame is fixedly connected to the top of pier 2. Therefore, the displacement of the main beam 1 is reflected in the connecting rod, and the displacement of pier 2 is reflected in the fixed frame. Consequently, the relative displacement between the main beam 1 and pier 2 is reflected in the position between the connecting rod and the fixed frame. After obtaining the relative displacement between the connecting rod and the fixed frame, the relative displacement between the main beam 1 and pier 2 can be obtained through geometric calculation. The specific calculation process can be performed by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation. This utility model does not impose specific limitations. (Refer to...) Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10The cross block 27 is slidably connected to a transverse optical axis 15 and a longitudinal optical axis 16 that are opposite in plane and perpendicular to each other. The two ends of the transverse optical axis 15 are in contact with one set of opposite inner walls of the fixed frame, and the two ends of the longitudinal optical axis 16 are in contact with the other set of opposite inner walls of the fixed frame. Therefore, when the connecting rod moves synchronously with the main beam 1, the cross block 27 will move in three dimensions in space along with the lower end of the connecting rod. When the cross block 27 moves, it will drive the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 to move. At the same time, the relative position of the cross block 27 on the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 will change. During the movement of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16, the scribing device at both ends of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 will draw traces on the fixed frame. Using the geometric information of the traces, the displacement information of the cross block 27, the connecting rod and the main beam 1 can be deduced in turn, and then the relative displacement of the main beam 1 and the pier 2 can be obtained. In the above scheme, the connecting rod and the cross block 27 are connected by a universal coupling, which allows the angle of the connecting rod relative to the cross block 27 to be adjustable, facilitating the actual installation process of the entire device. When using this embodiment, it is best to make the transverse optical axis 15 horizontal and the longitudinal optical axis 16 vertical or parallel to the axis of the pier 2, which simplifies the above geometric calculation process.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the connecting rod can be an adjustable telescopic rod. The length of the connecting rod is fixed after the connecting rod is connected to the main beam 1, the fixed frame is connected to the pier 2, and the initial position of the cross block 27 is fixed. The connecting rod is telescopic, and the connecting rod and the cross block 27 are connected by a universal coupling. Therefore, the relative position of the connecting rod and the fixed frame is relatively flexible, which further facilitates the installation process of this monitoring device. Specifically, when installing this monitoring device, the upper end of the connecting rod can be fixed at a suitable position at the lower part of the main beam 1, and the fixed frame can be fixed at a suitable position at the upper part of the pier 2. Then, the cross block 27 can be adjusted to a suitable position (e.g., the two ends of the longitudinal optical axis 16 are approximately in the middle of the corresponding side wall of the fixed frame, and the two ends of the transverse optical axis 15 are approximately in the middle of the corresponding side wall of the fixed frame). Then, the length of the connecting rod is fixed, thus fixing the initial positions of the cross block 27, the transverse optical axis 15, and the longitudinal optical axis 16.

[0037] As an optional embodiment of this utility model, in this embodiment, a steel pad 4 can be fixedly installed at the end of the connecting rod that is connected to the main beam 1. The steel pad 4 is provided with fastening bolts 5 that can be threadedly connected to the main beam 1. See also Figure 2 and Figure 3Normally, due to the vertical positional relationship between the main beam 1 and the pier 2, the connecting rod needs to be set at an angle. Therefore, the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the steel pad 4 at a preset fixed angle (such as by welding). This preset fixed angle can be confirmed by those skilled in the art based on the actual geometric relationship such as the size and relative positional relationship between the main beam 1 and the pier 2. This utility model does not make any specific limitations.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, see [link to embodiment]. Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 In this embodiment, both ends of the transverse optical axis 15 and both ends of the longitudinal optical axis 16 are provided with mounting plates 20. The axis of the transverse optical axis 15 is perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plates 20 at both ends of the transverse optical axis 15, and the axis of the longitudinal optical axis 16 is perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plates 20 at both ends of the longitudinal optical axis 16. The mounting plates 20 are attached to the inner surface of the fixed frame. In this embodiment, the mounting plates 20 can ensure the perpendicular relationship between the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 and the side wall of the fixed frame. Furthermore, the mounting plates 20 slide on the side wall of the fixed frame, resulting in low contact pressure and minimal deformation, thus making the sliding of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 more flexible.

[0039] As one feasible implementation scheme of this utility model, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 9-11 In this embodiment, the drawing device includes cavities 35 formed inside the ends of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16. The cavities 35 are used to fill ink, and their outlets extend to the center of the ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes 15 and 16. A carbon pen refill 29 for drawing lines is provided at the outlet of the cavity 35, and the carbon pen refill 29 contacts the inner wall surface of the fixed frame. When the transverse and longitudinal optical axes 15 and 16 move, the carbon pen refill 29 can draw lines on the inner wall surface of the fixed frame using the ink filled in the cavity 35. Furthermore, ink cartridges 23 for filling the cavities 35 are connected to the ends of both the transverse and longitudinal optical axes 15 and 16, and the outlets of the ink cartridges 23 are connected to the cavity 35. Threaded holes communicating with the cavity 35 can be formed on the upper side of the sidewalls of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes 15 and 16, and the outlet of the ink cartridge 23 is threadedly connected to these threaded holes.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, see [link to embodiment]. Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figures 11-13 In this embodiment, both ends of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 are connected to sliding scales (i.e., Figure 12The two sliding rulers 18 shown in the image are located at the right end of the horizontal optical axis 15. The sliding ruler group includes a first sliding ruler and a second sliding ruler (i.e., the two sliding rulers 18 can be referred to as the first sliding ruler and the second sliding ruler, respectively). The first sliding ruler and the second sliding ruler are arranged in a V-shape (e.g., ...). Figure 9 As shown, the lower ends of the first sliding ruler (i.e., the sliding ruler at the upper left corner of the right end of the longitudinal optical axis 16) and the second sliding ruler (i.e., the sliding ruler at the lower right corner of the right end of the longitudinal optical axis 16) are connected to the longitudinal optical axis 16. The upper end of the first sliding ruler is connected to the upper left corner of the right side of the fixed frame, and the upper end of the second sliding ruler is connected to the upper right corner of the right side of the fixed frame. At this time, the first and second sliding rulers at the right end of the longitudinal optical axis 16 are arranged in a V-shape. One end of the first and second sliding rulers is provided with a through hole and is sleeved on the ends of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16. Both the first and second sliding rulers can rotate around the axis of rotation of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16. The other end (i.e., the upper end) of the first and second sliding rulers is provided with a rotating groove 25 (see Figure 12 The rotating groove 25 can slide along the first and second sliding rulers, and is rotatably connected to the fixed frame. The rotation axes of the rotating grooves 25 on the first and second sliding rulers connected to both ends of the longitudinal optical axis 16 are parallel to the central axis of the longitudinal optical axis 16. Similarly, the rotation axes of the rotating grooves 25 on the first and second sliding rulers connected to both ends of the transverse optical axis 15 are parallel to the central axis of the transverse optical axis 15. This ensures that when the longitudinal and transverse optical axes 16 and 15 move, the sliding rulers can smoothly swing around their rotation axes. After the sliding rulers swing, the position of the rotating groove 25 on the sliding rulers changes. The specific change in position can be obtained through markings on the sliding rulers. This change in position can be used to verify the accuracy of the displacement results of the marking device (specifically, the carbon pen refill 29 of the marking device in the above embodiment).

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the sidewall of the fixed frame is provided with a scale mesh 13 for marking the marking trajectory of the marking device. The scale mesh 13 allows for quick reading of the specific dimensions of the marking trajectory. Specifically, the scale mesh 13 can be arranged on all four sides, three sides, or only on adjacent sides of the fixed frame. The choice is based on facilitating data reading.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the sidewall of the fixed frame is transparent, and the scale mesh 13 is disposed on the outer surface of the sidewall of the fixed frame. This facilitates observation of the traces drawn by the scribing device and avoids the problem that when the scale mesh 13 is disposed on the inner surface of the sidewall of the fixed frame, there will be some unevenness on the inner surface of the sidewall of the fixed frame, which would prevent the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 from sliding smoothly.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, see [link to embodiment]. Figure 2 In this embodiment, a top cover 11 is provided on the top of the fixed frame. The top cover 11 protects the internal working environment of the fixed frame, providing dust and water protection, thereby ensuring the service life and reliability of the monitoring device components of this utility model. The connecting rod passes through the top cover 11, and the top cover 11 has a through hole for the connecting rod to pass through. The size of the through hole must ensure the range of movement of the connecting rod and prevent contact between the connecting rod and the top cover 11. Therefore, generally, the diameter of the through hole is set to 5-10 times the outer diameter of the connecting rod. At the same time, an elastic sealing film is provided at the through hole. The outer edge of the elastic sealing film is sealed to the top cover 11, and the inner edge of the elastic sealing film is sealed to the connecting rod. The elastic sealing film can be a relatively flexible, soft, and loosely sized elastic sealing film. This elastic sealing film ensures both the working environment within the space enclosed by the top cover 11 and the fixed frame and the free movement of the connecting rod. The specific material of the elastic sealing film can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, as long as it meets the above requirements.

[0044] This utility model also provides a bridge structure, see [link]. Figure 1 The bridge structure includes a main beam 1, a pier 2, and the three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in this utility model. The main beam 1 is set on the top of the pier 2, the upper end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main beam 1, and the fixing frame is fixedly installed on the upper end of the pier 2.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Reference Figures 1-13 This embodiment of the three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic includes: steel pad 1 (4), fastening bolts (5), steel pad 2 (6), trough-shaped support (7), sliding pipe 1 (8), sliding pipe 2 (9), top cover (11), reflective target (12), transverse optical axis (15), longitudinal optical axis (16), side plate (17), sliding ruler (18), frame (19), mounting plate (20), upper steering block (21), lower steering block (22), ink cartridge (23), rotating slide 25, fixing strip (26), and cross block (27). For details of the interconnections between these parts, see [link to documentation]. Figures 1-3 .

[0047] Under heavy traffic and eccentric loading, the main girder 1 typically undergoes significant lateral and vertical deformation. Pier 2 can be approximated as a fixed point. By installing a three-dimensional displacement monitoring device (denoted as the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3) for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic under this embodiment between each pier 2 and the main girder 1, the deformation range of the main girder at that location can be recorded in real time for subsequent bridge overturning risk assessment. For structural details of the main girder 1, pier 2, and three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3, see [link to detailed description]. Figure 2 .

[0048] The main body of the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3 is composed of four side plates 17, a bottom plate 28, and a top cover 11. The frame 19, which serves as the supporting skeleton of the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3, is made of aluminum alloy. Its structure is as follows: Figure 4 As shown. Side plate 17 is a rectangular thin plate made of transparent plexiglass; side plate 17 is fastened to frame 19 by screws 14. Base plate 28 is a rectangular thin plate made of aluminum alloy and is fixedly connected to frame 19; base plate 28 has four circular through holes for draining any water accumulation. Side plate 17, base plate 28, and frame 19 constitute the fixed frame of this embodiment. Reflective targets 12 and graduated mesh 13 are provided on side plate 17. The graduated mesh 13 is a cross-shaped grid, pre-set on the outer surface of side plate 17, with each graduation line spaced 1cm apart. Reflective targets 12 are used to determine the absolute position coordinates of the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3, while the graduated mesh 13 is used to mark the relative displacement of the main beam; see details of the structure below. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The top cover 11 is made of PVC material and is used to block sunlight and prevent rainwater from entering the interior of the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3, ensuring the normal use of the structure.

[0049] The main beam 1 is rigidly connected to the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3 via steel pad 4 and fastening bolts 5. Steel pad 4 is a rectangular thin plate with bolt holes at its four corners; four fastening bolts 5 pass through these bolt holes to secure steel pad 4 to the main beam 1. See details of the structure. Figure 2 The main structure (i.e., the fixed frame) of the overturning three-dimensional displacement monitoring device 3 is fixed to the upper section of a bridge pier using two steel pads 6 and two channel brackets 7. The channel brackets 7 are L-shaped angle steel. The channel brackets 7 are rigidly connected to the steel pads 6.

[0050] The connecting rod is telescopic and includes slide tube 8 and slide tube 9. Slide tube 8 is a partially hollow circular tube. The upper end of slide tube 8 is rigidly connected to steel pad 4. Slide tube 9 is a solid elongated cylinder. The diameter of slide tube 9 is slightly smaller than that of slide tube 8, and the top end of slide tube 9 is inserted into slide tube 8, and the relative position between the two is fixed by two fastening screws 10. Both slide tube 8 and slide tube 9 are made of stainless steel. Slide tube 9 penetrates the top cover 11; see details for the structure. Figure 2 Specifically, the top cover 11 has a through hole for the sliding tube 9 to pass through. The diameter of the through hole is set to 10 times the outer diameter of the sliding tube 9. An elastic sealing film is provided at the through hole, with its outer edge sealingly connected to the top cover 11 and its inner edge sealingly connected to the sliding tube 9. The lower part of the sliding tube 9 is fixedly connected to the upper steering block 21 of the cross-shaft universal coupling, as shown in the structure. Figure 3 As shown.

[0051] The cross-type universal coupling specifically includes an upper steering block 21 and a lower steering block 22. Both the upper steering block 21 and the lower steering block 22 are irregular ball joint structures with grooved rectangular blocks, and they are hinged together by ball joints, as shown in the figure. Figure 5 As shown. Both the upper steering block 21 and the lower steering block 22 are made of aluminum alloy. The upper steering block 21 and the lower steering block 22 rotate relative to each other around the center of the ball joint, with no relative translational displacement between them. Through the upper steering block 21 and the lower steering block 22, the three-dimensional translational displacement of the main beam can be transferred to the lower steering block 22, and it can adapt to the rotational deformation of the beam. For structural details, see [link to structural details]. Figure 6 and Figure 7 .

[0052] The lower steering block 22 and the cross block 27 are fixedly connected. The cross block 27 is a square block with two through holes, which intersect vertically in a cross shape, as shown in the diagram. Figure 8 As shown. The transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 pass through two through holes respectively. The cross block 27 can move freely horizontally along the axial directions of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16, while the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 can move up and down with the cross block 27. See details of the structure. Figure 9 and Figure 10 .

[0053] The transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 are cylindrical structures with cavities 35 at both ends, intersecting perpendicularly in opposite directions. At the ends (i.e., both ends) of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes 15 and 16, cavities 35, ink cartridges 23, sliding rulers 18, and mounting plates 20 are provided. The outlet of the cavity 35 extends to the center of the ends of the transverse and longitudinal optical axes 16. A connecting screw hole 31 is provided on the upper side of the cavity 35. The outlet of the cavity 35 (e.g., ...) Figure 11A carbon pen refill 29 is installed at the right port of the cavity 35 shown. The ink cartridge 23 is a bottle-shaped structure made of transparent PVC material, with threads at the bottom. The screw holes 31 on the horizontal optical axis 15 and the vertical optical axis 16 have threaded structures on their inner sides, which can be connected to the threads on the outer side of the ink cartridge 23. The carbon ink 30 inside the ink cartridge 23 communicates with the carbon pen refill 29. The carbon pen refill 29 protrudes slightly from the surface of the mounting plate 20 by 0.01mm to facilitate the marking of displacement marks on the side plate 17. The mounting plate 20 is a disc-shaped structure, fixedly connected to the horizontal optical axis 15 or the vertical optical axis 16. The mounting plate 20 is attached to the side plate 17, and its circular surface is perpendicular to the horizontal optical axis 15 and the vertical optical axis 16. Combined with the two mutually perpendicular through holes of the cross block 27, it ensures that the horizontal optical axis 15 and the vertical optical axis 16 always move perpendicularly. See the detailed structure. Figure 11 .

[0054] Both the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 have grooves at their ends, which can act as pins for the two sliding rulers 18, allowing the two sliding rulers 18 at the same side plate 17 to be rotatably connected. The sliding rulers 18 have scale bars 33 for recording their initial and final positions. The sliding rulers 18 are enclosed by a rotating groove 25 and can slide along it. A rectangular stop 32 is provided at the upper end of the sliding rulers 18, and the upper end of the sliding rulers 18 is fixedly connected to the rectangular stop 32 to prevent the sliding rulers 18 from sliding out of the groove 25. See details of the structure. Figure 12 The rotating slide 25 and the fixed bar 26 are rotatably connected by a pin 34. That is, the pin 34 is the pivot of the rotating slide 25, allowing the rotating slide 25 to rotate relative to the fixed bar 26 around the pin 34. See details of the structure. Figure 13 The fixing strip 26 is fixed to the frame 19 or the side plate 17. By adjusting the length of the sliding ruler 18, two sliding rulers 18 on different sides of the side plate 17 can slide independently without interfering with each other. When the transverse optical axis 15 or the longitudinal optical axis 16 moves up, down, left, or right, the two sliding rulers 18 rotate relative to each other and follow the transverse optical axis 15 or the longitudinal optical axis 16 in moving up, down, left, or right. The sliding ruler 18, the slide groove 25, and the fixing strip 26 are all made of aluminum alloy.

[0055] As the main beam 1 moves, the cross block 27 follows the movement, driving the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 to move up and down and horizontally. The carbon pen refill 29 will trace the movement trajectory on the side plate 17. The position and cross angle of the two sliding rulers 18 at each end of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 in the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3 will also change in real time.

[0056] During installation, slide tube 8 is fixed to the main beam 1 using steel pad 4 and fastening bolts 5. The main structure of the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3 for the entire bridge is fixed to the bridge pier using steel pad 6 and channel bracket 7. The relative positions of slide tube 8 and slide tube 9 are adjusted so that the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 are both located in the middle position of the side plate 17, to prevent excessive displacement of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 during use, which would exceed the allowable measurement range.

[0057] The base plate 28, frame 19, upper steering block 21, lower steering block 22, cross block 27, transverse optical axis 15, longitudinal optical axis 16, side plate 17, sliding ruler 18, mounting plate 20, carbon pen refill 29, rotating slide 25, fixing strip 26, and side plate 17 stop block 32 are all pre-designed structures that can be finished and assembled in the factory. The side plate 17 is detachable.

[0058] The reflective target 12 and the graduated grid 13 are pre-set on the side plate 17, and the graduated strip 33 is pre-set on the sliding ruler 18. The position of the reflective target 12 on the side plate 17 is known; the dimensions of the side plate 17 and the grid spacing of the graduated grid 13 are also known. The ink cartridge 23 is filled with carbon ink 30 and connected to the horizontal optical axis 15 and the vertical optical axis 16.

[0059] Before use, the absolute coordinates of the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3 at each pier were marked using a total station. The coordinates of the reflective target 12 were measured using a total station to obtain the absolute coordinates of the three-dimensional displacement long-period monitoring device 3 for the entire bridge. The relative positional relationship of the carbon pen refills 29 on the transverse optical axis 15 and longitudinal optical axis 16 on the two side plates 17 was recorded using a camera or data recording method. At the same time, the scale coordinates of the four sliding rulers 18 at the rotating groove 25 were recorded as the basis for initial displacement verification.

[0060] As the main beam moves horizontally or rotates, the upper steering block 21 moves via slide tube 8 and slide tube 9. The movement of the upper steering block 21 continues to transmit displacement to the cross block 27. The horizontal and vertical movement of the cross block 27 causes a relative change in the position of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16, and the displacement of the main beam is marked on the side plate 17 by a carbon pen tip 29; at the same time, the movement of the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16 moves the sliding ruler 18, changing the relative positional relationship between the sliding ruler 18 and the rotating groove 25.

[0061] When the bridge is used for a period of time (0.5 to 2 years) and the measurement is completed, the positions of the two carbon pen refills 29 on the two side plates 17 are recorded by taking pictures or reading the scale, and the scale coordinates of the four sliding rulers 18 at the four rotating grooves 25 are recorded at the same time.

[0062] By subtracting the initial and final positions of the carbon pen refill 29 on the side plate 17, the total displacement and direction of motion of the main beam can be obtained. Furthermore, by subtracting the initial and final graduations of the sliding ruler 18 at the rotating groove 25, the accuracy of the recorded displacement results of the carbon pen refill 29 can be verified.

[0063] If the two displacement results match, the side plate 17 can be removed to further record the movement range of the carbon pen refill 29 on the two side plates 17. By taking the maximum lateral and vertical displacements and combining them with the absolute coordinates of the long-term three-dimensional displacement monitoring device 3 for the entire bridge, the maximum three-dimensional displacement of the main beam at that pier can be calculated. By summarizing the maximum movement results from multiple long-term three-dimensional displacement monitoring devices 3 at all piers, it can be further inferred whether there is a risk of the bridge overturning.

[0064] This invention transmits the main beam displacement to the transverse optical axis 15 and the longitudinal optical axis 16, and records the main beam displacement in real time on the side plate 17. This allows for further assessment of the bridge's overturning risk and has significant economic and technical advantages compared to similar bridge displacement detection methods.

[0065] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of this utility model. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this utility model should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic, characterized in that, The system includes a connecting rod that can be connected to the main beam (1) and move synchronously with the main beam (1), and a fixed frame that can be connected to the pier (2) and move synchronously with the pier (2). The fixed frame is rectangular in shape and has a cross block (27). The cross block (27) is slidably connected to a transverse optical axis (15) and a longitudinal optical axis (16) that are opposite in plane and perpendicular to each other. The two ends of the transverse optical axis (15) are in contact with one set of opposite inner walls of the fixed frame, and the two ends of the longitudinal optical axis (16) are in contact with another set of opposite inner walls of the fixed frame. Both ends of the transverse optical axis (15) and the longitudinal optical axis (16) are provided with marking devices. The connecting rod and the cross block (27) are connected by a universal coupling.

2. The three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod is an adjustable telescopic rod. When the connecting rod is connected to the main beam (1), the fixed frame is connected to the pier (2), and the initial position of the cross block (27) is fixed, the length of the connecting rod is fixed.

3. The three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A steel pad (4) is fixedly provided on one end of the connecting rod that is connected to the main beam (1), and a fastening bolt (5) is provided on the steel pad (4) that can be threadedly connected to the main beam (1).

4. The three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both ends of the transverse optical axis (15) and both ends of the longitudinal optical axis (16) are provided with a mounting plate (20). The axis of the transverse optical axis (15) is perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plate (20) at both ends of the transverse optical axis (15), and the axis of the longitudinal optical axis (16) is perpendicular to the surface of the mounting plate (20) at both ends of the longitudinal optical axis (16). The mounting plate (20) is attached to the inner surface of the fixed frame.

5. The three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The marking device includes cavities (35) opened inside the ends of the transverse optical axis (15) and the longitudinal optical axis (16), the cavities (35) being filled with ink, the outlet of the cavities (35) extending to the center of the ends of the transverse optical axis (15) and the longitudinal optical axis (16), the outlet of the cavities (35) being provided with carbon pen refills (29) for marking, the carbon pen refills (29) being in contact with the inner wall surface of the fixed frame.

6. The three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Both the ends of the transverse optical axis (15) and the longitudinal optical axis (16) are connected to ink cartridges (23) for filling the cavity (35) with ink, and the outlet of the ink cartridges (23) is connected to the cavity (35).

7. The three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both ends of the transverse optical axis (15) and the longitudinal optical axis (16) are connected to sliding scale groups. The sliding scale groups include a first sliding scale and a second sliding scale. The first sliding scale and the second sliding scale are arranged in a V-shape. One end of the first sliding scale and the second sliding scale are provided with through holes and sleeved on the ends of the transverse optical axis (15) and the longitudinal optical axis (16). The first sliding scale and the second sliding scale can rotate around the rotation axis of the transverse optical axis (15) and the longitudinal optical axis (16). The other end of the first sliding scale and the second sliding scale are provided with rotating grooves (25). The rotating grooves (25) can slide along the first sliding scale and the second sliding scale. The rotating grooves (25) are rotatably connected to the fixed frame. The rotation axis of the rotating grooves (25) on the first sliding scale and the second sliding scale connected to both ends of the longitudinal optical axis (16) is parallel to the central axis of the longitudinal optical axis (16). The rotation axis of the rotating grooves (25) on the first sliding scale and the second sliding scale connected to both ends of the transverse optical axis (15) is parallel to the central axis of the transverse optical axis (15).

8. The three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall of the fixed frame is transparent, and the outer surface of the sidewall of the fixed frame is provided with a scale grid (13) for marking the scribing trajectory of the scribing device.

9. The three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the fixed frame is provided with a top cover (11), and the connecting rod passes through the top cover (11). The top cover (11) is provided with a through hole for the connecting rod to pass through. The diameter of the through hole is 5-10 times the outer diameter of the connecting rod. An elastic sealing film is provided at the through hole. The outer edge of the elastic sealing film is sealed to the top cover (11), and the inner edge of the elastic sealing film is sealed to the connecting rod.

10. A bridge structure, characterized in that, The device includes a main beam (1), a pier (2), and a three-dimensional displacement monitoring device for the overturning of a single-column pier bridge under heavy traffic as described in any one of claims 1-9. The main beam (1) is set on the top of the pier (2), the upper end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main beam (1), and the fixed frame is fixedly installed on the upper end of the pier (2).

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