A shield tunneling in-and-out hole soil body reinforcing device under complex environment

Abstract

The utility model relates to tunnel construction technical field, concretely relates to a kind of soil body reinforcing device for shield in and out hole under complex environment, including several annular array distribution's arc steel sheet, two parallelly arranged mortise and tenon dowel are fixedly installed in the both ends of several arc steel sheet, plug-in piece is set between adjacent two arc steel sheets, the utility model connects arc steel sheet using elastic buffer body, the movable adjustment of support structure inner diameter can be ±15%. Whether soil body expands or shrinks, the self-adapting deformation ability of buffer body can maintain the close adhesion of supporting ring and soil body, completely eliminate the stress concentration problem of traditional rigid structure, the synergistic effect of mortise and tenon joint and limiting steel sheet, ensure that supporting ring is without through gap in any adjustment state. Multilayer composite buffer body has high elasticity and puncture resistance, even under 0.8MPa water pressure, can also maintain structural integrity. cooperate with the rapid-setting grouting system in material storage cavity, can further block micro-pore, form triple anti-infiltration system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a soil reinforcement device for shield tunneling in and out of tunnels under complex environments. Background Technology

[0002] In shield tunnel construction, soil reinforcement during the entry and exit stages is a crucial step in ensuring project safety. Traditional reinforcement methods mainly rely on rigid support structures or grouting processes, but under complex geological conditions (such as water-rich sand layers, highly sensitive soft soil, and adjacent buildings), existing technologies have significant shortcomings:

[0003] Rigid support has poor adaptability

[0004] Conventional steel ring supports are fixed by welding, and their structural dimensions are not adjustable. When the soil experiences frost heave, settlement, or disturbance caused by tunnel boring machine (TBM) advancement, gaps can easily form between the support structure and the soil, leading to soil erosion or even landslides. For example, in a coastal subway project, the support rings were unable to adapt to the creep of soft soil, causing the portal seal to fail and triggering a large-scale sand inrush accident, resulting in direct economic losses exceeding ten million yuan.

[0005] Dynamic sealing is difficult to guarantee

[0006] Existing adjustable supports (such as hydraulic supports or segmented bolted connections) often develop millimeter-sized gaps after adjustment due to component misalignment. In water-rich formations, these gaps become seepage channels. Actual measurement data shows that when the gap width exceeds 0.5 mm, the seepage velocity can reach 5 L / min, far exceeding the safety threshold.

[0007] Low construction efficiency

[0008] Traditional grouting reinforcement requires multiple drilling and layered grouting, taking 15 to 30 days to complete. In densely populated urban areas, prolonged construction can exacerbate the risk of settlement in surrounding buildings. Furthermore, the uniformity of the grout is difficult to control, and insufficient local strength may create reinforcement blind spots. Utility Model Content

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a soil reinforcement device for shield tunneling in and out of tunnels in complex environments, which can effectively solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0011] This utility model provides a soil reinforcement device for shield tunneling in complex environments, comprising several arc-shaped steel plates arranged in a ring array. Two parallel tenon and mortise strips are fixedly installed at both ends of each arc-shaped steel plate. A connector is provided between each adjacent arc-shaped steel plate. Each connector includes two parallel connector plates. A buffer body is fixedly installed between the two connector plates. Two tenon and mortise slots are provided on the side of each connector plate away from the buffer body. The tenon and mortise strips are respectively and appropriately inserted into their corresponding tenon and mortise strips. Limiting steel plates are detachably installed on the inner ring walls of each buffer body. The outer ring wall of the limiting steel plate simultaneously abuts against the two arc-shaped steel plates, the two connector plates, and the buffer body.

[0012] Furthermore, each of the outer ring walls of the several arc-shaped steel plates is provided with a storage cavity, and each of the inner ring walls of the several arc-shaped steel plates is provided with a filling hole through the storage cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, the central angles of the several arc-shaped steel plates are consistent, and the several arc-shaped steel plates and several connecting pieces are interlocked to form a ring-shaped reinforced body.

[0014] Furthermore, the buffer body is composed of a base layer, a reinforcing layer, an anti-corrosion layer, and a sealing layer bonded together.

[0015] Furthermore, screws are inserted into the four corners of the limiting steel plates, and the screws are threaded into the corresponding threaded holes.

[0016] The technical solution provided by this utility model has the following advantages compared with the known prior art:

[0017] Intelligent adaptation to soil deformation

[0018] The use of an elastic buffer body connected to the arc-shaped steel plate allows the inner diameter of the support structure to be dynamically adjusted by ±15%. Regardless of soil expansion or contraction, the self-adaptive deformation capacity of the buffer body can maintain a tight fit between the support ring and the soil, completely eliminating the stress concentration problem of traditional rigid structures.

[0019] Leak-free sealing under all operating conditions

[0020] The synergistic effect of the mortise and tenon joints and the limiting steel plate ensures that there are no through gaps in the support ring under any adjustment state. The multi-layer composite buffer body has both high elasticity and puncture resistance, maintaining structural integrity even under 0.8MPa water pressure. Combined with the rapid-setting grouting system in the storage chamber, it can further seal micropores, forming a triple seepage prevention system.

[0021] High-efficiency construction and green environmental protection

[0022] The modular design supports rapid assembly, reducing the installation time for a single ring support to less than 4 hours, improving efficiency by 50% compared to traditional methods. All components are disassembled and reused, significantly reducing steel consumption. Life cycle assessments indicate that this device can reduce carbon emissions by approximately 12 tons per project. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall first-view structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the arc-shaped steel plate and the connector of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped steel plate structure of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connector structure of this utility model.

[0028] The labels in the diagram represent:

[0029] 1. Curved steel plate; 11. Material storage cavity; 12. Injection hole; 13. Tenon and mortise insert;

[0030] 21. Connecting plate; 22. Mortise and tenon joint; 23. Buffer body;

[0031] 3. Limiting steel plate; 31. Screws. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Reference Figure 1-4This is the first embodiment of the present invention, a soil reinforcement device for shield tunneling in complex environments, comprising several arc-shaped steel plates 1 arranged in a ring array (made of Q345B low-alloy high-strength steel, 12-15mm thick), each end of which is fixedly installed with two parallel tenon-and-mortise inserts 13 (made of 40Cr alloy steel, galvanized). Connectors are provided between adjacent arc-shaped steel plates 1, each connector including two parallel connector plates 21 (made of 304 stainless steel, 8mm thick). A buffer body 23 (composed of a base layer, a reinforcing layer, an anti-corrosion layer, and a sealing layer bonded together) is fixedly installed between the two connector plates 21. The base layer is 5mm thick hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), the reinforcing layer is two layers of 2000D Kevlar fiber braided layer, the anti-corrosion layer is 1mm thick fluororubber (FKM) coating, and the sealing layer is 0.5mm thick polyurethane (PU) film. Two tenon and mortise slots 22 are opened on the side of the two plug-in plates 21 away from the buffer body 23 (the slot width tolerance is controlled within ±0.05mm). Several tenon and mortise inserts 13 are respectively fitted into the corresponding tenon and mortise inserts 13. The inner ring walls of several buffer bodies 23 can be detachably installed with limiting steel plates 3 (Q235B steel, 10mm thick). The outer ring wall of the limiting steel plate 3 simultaneously abuts against the two arc-shaped steel plates 1, the two plug-in plates 21, and the buffer body 23.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Reference Figure 1-4 This is the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: a plurality of arc-shaped steel plates 1 are provided with storage cavities 11 (volume of 3-5L per linear meter) on their outer ring walls, and a plurality of arc-shaped steel plates 1 are provided with injection holes 12 (hole diameter 10mm, spacing 150mm) through the storage cavities 11 on their inner ring walls. The arc-shaped steel plates 1 have the same central angle (usually 15°-30°). The arc-shaped steel plates 1 and a plurality of connecting parts are interlocked to form an annular reinforced body.

[0038] The buffer body 23 consists of a base layer (5mm hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber HNBR, Shore A hardness 75A), a reinforcing layer (two layers of 2000D Kevlar fiber woven together at a 45° cross-lay), an anti-corrosion layer (1mm fluororubber FKM, acid and alkali resistant range pH 1-14), and a sealing layer (0.5mm polyurethane PU, air permeability ≤0.01cc / m³). 2 The components are bonded together by hot vulcanization. Several arc-shaped steel plates 1 are provided with several threaded holes (M12, 25mm deep) on the inner arc walls of the two left and right buffer bodies 23. Several limit steel plates 3 are provided with screws 31 (304 stainless steel, strength grade A2-70) at the four corners. Several screws 31 are threaded into the corresponding threaded holes.

[0039] The remaining structure is the same as that in Example 1.

[0040] Work process

[0041] Device assembly stage

[0042] First, vertically hoist the first curved steel plate 1 to the predetermined position, ensuring that the tenon and mortise inserts 13 at both ends face outwards. Take a connector and align the tenon and mortise slots 22 on its two connector plates 21 with the tenon and mortise inserts 13 on the curved steel plate 1, then slowly push it in until fully engaged. Continue installing the second curved steel plate 1, inserting its tenon and mortise inserts 13 into the tenon and mortise slots 22 on the other side of the connector. Repeat the above steps until all the curved steel plates 1 and connectors are alternately connected to form a complete ring support structure. Finally, install the limiting steel plate 3 inside the buffer body 23 and fix it to the curved steel plate 1 with screws 31.

[0043] Initial positioning phase

[0044] Using a total station for measurement and positioning, ensure that the center of the support ring, composed of the arc-shaped steel plate 1 and the connector, deviates from the design axis by no more than 5mm. Adjust the initial inner diameter of the support ring to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tunnel boring machine, typically leaving a gap of 20-30mm. Inject quick-setting cement grout into the storage chamber 11 through the injection hole 12 to ensure close contact between the support structure and the soil.

[0045] Dynamic adjustment stage

[0046] When the tunnel boring machine cutterhead contacts the support structure, the resulting radial pressure causes the buffer body 23 to undergo elastic deformation. The multi-layer composite material structure of the buffer body 23 ensures that it maintains uniform deformation during compression and prevents localized cracking. As the tunnel boring machine continues to advance, the limiting steel plate 3, fixed by the screws 31, generates a reverse force, ensuring that the plug-in plate 21 and the arc-shaped steel plate 1 always maintain tight contact and prevent displacement gaps.

[0047] Sealing and protection phase

[0048] The precise fit between the tenon and mortise insert 13 and the tenon and mortise slot 22 forms the first mechanical seal, with a fitting accuracy controlled within ±0.1mm. The elastic deformation of the buffer body 23 keeps it in close contact with adjacent components, forming the second flexible seal. The grouting material in the storage chamber 11 continuously seeps out through the injection hole 12, filling any micron-level gaps that may occur, forming the third chemical seal. The volume of the storage chamber 11 is designed to be 3-5L to ensure sufficient grouting volume.

[0049] The grouting material is a two-component grout of sulfoaluminate cement and sodium silicate (volume ratio 1:0.3), with an initial setting time ≤30s, a final setting time ≤5min, and a compressive strength ≥15MPa (GB / T17671 test). The grouting pressure is controlled at 0.3~0.5MPa, and the volume design of the material storage chamber 11 (3-5L per linear meter) ensures that the grout fully penetrates into the soil pores.

[0050] Dismantling and recycling phase

[0051] First, remove the fixing screws 31 of the limiting steel plate 3, and then use a special tool to separate the plug-in plate 21 from the arc-shaped steel plate 1. Lift the arc-shaped steel plates 1 one by one and clean the grouting material adhering to the surface. Check the integrity of each component and perform a pressure test on the buffer body 23 to ensure it can be reused. Qualified components can be immediately put into the next project for repeated use, significantly reducing construction costs.

[0052] Special working conditions response

[0053] When encountering sudden soil deformation, the buffer body 23 can provide an additional 15% deformation margin to ensure structural safety. In case of localized water seepage, grout can be quickly injected through the spare injection hole 12 to promptly seal the leakage point. When an emergency expansion of the inner diameter is required, part of the limiting steel plate 3 can be quickly disassembled to release deformation space, providing more passage space for the tunnel boring machine.

[0054] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A soil reinforcement device for shield tunneling in complex environments, comprising several arc-shaped steel plates arranged in a circular array (1), characterized in that, Two parallel tenon strips (13) are fixedly installed at both ends of several arc-shaped steel plates (1). A connector is provided between two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates (1). Each connector includes two parallel connector plates (21). A buffer body (23) is fixedly installed between the two connector plates (21). Two tenon slots (22) are opened on the side of the two connector plates (21) away from the buffer body (23). Several tenon strips (13) are respectively fitted into the corresponding tenon strips (13). Limiting steel plates (3) are detachably installed on the inner ring walls of several buffer bodies (23). The outer ring walls of the limiting steel plates (3) simultaneously abut against the two arc-shaped steel plates (1), the two connector plates (21), and the buffer body (23).

2. The soil reinforcement device for shield tunnel entry and exit in complex environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the outer ring walls of the several arc-shaped steel plates (1) is provided with a storage cavity (11), and each of the inner ring walls of the several arc-shaped steel plates (1) is provided with a filling hole (12) through the storage cavity (11).

3. The soil reinforcement device for shield tunnel entry and exit in complex environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central angles of the arc-shaped steel plates (1) are consistent, and the arc-shaped steel plates (1) and the connecting pieces are interlocked to form an annular reinforced body.

4. The soil reinforcement device for shield tunnel entry and exit in complex environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer body (23) comprises, from the inside out, a hydrogenated nitrile rubber matrix layer, a Kevlar fiber reinforcement layer, a fluororubber anti-corrosion layer, and a polyurethane sealing layer.

5. The soil reinforcement device for shield tunnel entry and exit in complex environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several threaded holes are provided on the inner arc walls of several of the arc-shaped steel plates (1) near the left and right buffer bodies (23), and screws (31) are inserted at the four corners of several of the limiting steel plates (3), and the screws (31) are respectively threaded into the corresponding threaded holes.

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