A single-chip microcomputer-based power-on / off management circuit and power supply circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a switch management circuit based on singlechip, it includes singlechip, logic gate circuit, button circuit, switch management chip and power -on circuit, button circuit is connected with the control end of power -on circuit, the input of power -on circuit is used for accessing external DC power supply, the output of power -on circuit is connected with the first end of singlechip after voltage clamping, the output of power -on circuit is used for connecting the enable end of power supply circuit after voltage clamping, button circuit and switch management chip's input, switch management chip's output is connected with one input of logic gate circuit, the second end of singlechip and another input of logic gate circuit are connected, the output of logic gate circuit is used for connecting the enable end of power supply circuit, switch management chip's output is connected with the reset end of singlechip. The utility model discloses can realize hardware forced shutdown mechanism, and the efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of power electronics technology, and relates to power conversion technology, and in particular to a microcontroller-based power on / off management circuit and power supply circuit. Background Technology

[0002] Existing DC / DC converters use NPN transistors and PMOS transistors to construct a self-locking circuit. The transistor is triggered to conduct by shorting the base resistor with a button. Subsequently, the microcontroller starts up and maintains the conduction state by outputting a high level through the I / O port, thus achieving self-locking of the power supply path. However, the input voltage range of existing DC / DC converters is not wide enough, the power consumption is high, and the energy efficiency is low, making them unsuitable for high-power or wide input voltage scenarios. If the microcontroller program crashes or enters an infinite loop, it cannot output a low level through the I / O port to shut down the power supply, resulting in the system "locking up". Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a power-on / off management circuit for use in a switching power supply circuit to solve the technical problem that the microcontroller program runs away or enters an infinite loop and cannot output a low level through the IO port to turn off the power supply, resulting in the system "locking up". It also provides a switching power supply circuit to solve the technical problems that the input voltage range of existing DC / DC converters is not wide enough, the energy consumption is high, the energy efficiency is low, and they cannot adapt to high power or wide input voltage scenarios.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a power-on / off management circuit based on a microcontroller, comprising a microcontroller, logic gate circuits, a button circuit, a power-on / off management chip, and a power-on circuit; the button circuit is connected to the control terminal of the power-on circuit, the input terminal of the power-on circuit is used to connect to an external DC power supply, the output terminal of the power-on circuit is connected to the first terminal of the microcontroller after voltage clamping, the output terminal of the power-on circuit is used to connect to the enable terminal of the power supply circuit after voltage clamping, the button circuit is connected to the input terminal of the power-on / off management chip, the output terminal of the power-on / off management chip is connected to one input terminal of the logic gate circuit, the second terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the other input terminal of the logic gate circuit, the output terminal of the logic gate circuit is used to connect to the enable terminal of the power supply circuit, and the output terminal of the power-on / off management chip is connected to the reset terminal of the microcontroller.

[0005] Furthermore, the logic gate circuit is an AND logic gate circuit, which is configured to output a high level when the output terminal of the power-on / off management chip is at a high level and the second terminal of the microcontroller is at a high level, so as to enable the power supply circuit.

[0006] Furthermore, the power-on circuit includes a MOSFET Q1 and a TVS diode. The MOSFET Q1 is configured to conduct when the button circuit outputs a low level, and the TVS diode clamps the external DC power supply to below 3.3V. The clamping voltage is then used to enable the power supply circuit through a resistor, thereby powering on and initializing the microcontroller. After the microcontroller is powered on and initialized, the microcontroller detects the clamping voltage of the power-on circuit and outputs a low level at its second terminal, thereby changing the output voltage of the logic gate circuit.

[0007] Furthermore, the button circuit includes a resistor R11, a capacitor C8, and a button SW1. The resistor R11, capacitor C8, and button SW1 are connected in parallel, with one end grounded and the other end connected to the input terminal of the power-on management chip and the control terminal of the power-on circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, the power-on / off management chip is configured to output a low level only when the button circuit is continuously inputting a low level for 5 seconds, thereby changing the output voltage of the logic gate circuit and feeding it back to the microcontroller's reset terminal.

[0009] A switching power supply circuit includes the aforementioned microcontroller-based power-on / off management circuit and Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit; the microcontroller-based power-on / off management circuit is connected to the enable terminal of the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit, and the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit converts external DC power and provides regulated output.

[0010] Furthermore, the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip consists of a first DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V regulated output based on the Buck-Boost chip and a second DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V to 3.3V output connected in series. The power-on / off management circuit based on the microcontroller is connected to the enable terminal of the first DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V regulated output based on the Buck-Boost chip. The output terminal of the second DC / DC converter circuit supplies power to the microcontroller, logic gate circuits, and power-on / off management chip.

[0011] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This power-on / off management circuit can implement a hardware forced shutdown mechanism. By adding a power-on / off management chip, when a program crash is detected, the microcontroller can be forcibly reset by pressing and holding the button for 5 seconds, thus shutting down the power enable signal. Due to the use of a low on-resistance PMOS transistor, the conduction loss of the power-on / off management circuit is reduced, thereby improving efficiency. The switching power supply circuit in this invention adopts a Buck-Boost topology, supports a wide voltage input of 3–21V, and improves the conversion efficiency to ≥90%. The chip itself uses dynamic voltage regulation technology to adjust the PWM duty cycle in real time according to load requirements, reducing ineffective power consumption under light load conditions, improving energy efficiency, and adapting to high-power or wide input voltage scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 The diagram shows a schematic of the module structure of the microcontroller-based power-on / off management circuit in this invention.

[0013] Figure 2 The diagram shows a circuit structure diagram of a power-on / off management circuit based on a microcontroller.

[0014] Figure 3 The diagram shows the schematic of a switching power supply circuit.

[0015] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a circuit structure diagram of a switching power supply circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application.

[0017] The following descriptions of the embodiments are based on the accompanying illustrations and are used to illustrate specific embodiments in which this application can be implemented. In this document, a "circuit unit" refers to a circuit module that performs a basic function. The component designations used herein, such as "first," "second," etc., are merely for distinguishing the described objects and have no sequential or technical meaning. Unless otherwise specified, the terms "connection," "interlocking," and "linkage" used in this application include direct or indirect electrical connections and are intended to describe the signal transmission relationship between circuit units. This description should be interpreted accurately based on the content of the specification.

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, a power-on / off management circuit based on a microcontroller includes a microcontroller, logic gate circuits, a button circuit, a power-on / off management chip, and a power-on circuit. The button circuit is connected to the control terminal of the power-on circuit. The input terminal of the power-on circuit is used to connect to an external DC power supply VCC. The output terminal of the power-on circuit is connected to the first terminal of the microcontroller after voltage clamping. The output terminal of the power-on circuit is also connected to the enable terminal of the power supply circuit after voltage clamping. The button circuit is connected to the input terminal of the power-on / off management chip. The output terminal of the power-on / off management chip is connected to one input terminal of the logic gate circuit. The second terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the other input terminal of the logic gate circuit. The output terminal of the logic gate circuit is used to connect to the enable terminal of the power supply circuit. The output terminal of the power-on / off management chip is connected to the reset terminal of the microcontroller.

[0019] like Figure 2 The logic gate circuit is an AND logic gate circuit, using an AND logic gate device U1. It is configured so that when the output of the power-on / off management chip U3 is high and the second terminal of the microcontroller is high, the logic gate circuit outputs a high level to enable the power supply circuit. The output of the power-on / off management chip U3 is the OUTL terminal, and the second terminal of the microcontroller is the START terminal. Both are connected to the AND logic gate device U1 via resistors R1 and R2 respectively. The AND logic gate device U1 is powered by a 3.3V power supply, and its output is connected to the power supply circuit via diode D1. When the voltage at the OUTL or START terminal changes to a low level, the output voltage of the AND logic gate device U1 changes from high to low, thereby terminating the enable of the power supply circuit and turning off the power supply circuit.

[0020] like Figure 2 The power-on circuit includes a MOSFET Q1 and a TVS diode. The MOSFET Q1 is configured to conduct when the button circuit outputs a low level. The TVS diode D2 clamps the external DC power supply VCC below 3.3V. The clamped voltage is divided by a resistor and used to enable the power supply circuit. The power supply circuit converts the DC power supply VCC into 5V and 3.3V voltages, thereby powering on the microcontroller, power-on / off management chip, and logic gate circuits. The microcontroller completes initialization, with the "START" terminal outputting a high level and the "OUTL" terminal of the power-on / off management chip U3 outputting a high level. These two signals are input to the input terminal of the AND logic gate device U1. The "Y" pin (output terminal) of the AND logic gate device U1 outputs a high level, and the AND logic gate device U1 outputs a high-level signal to enable the power supply circuit. Before the button is released, both the power-on circuit and the AND logic gate device U1 enable the power supply circuit.

[0021] After the microcontroller is powered on and initialized, before the button is released, due to the power-on and initialization process and the detection delay setting, the microcontroller's first terminal (POWER-ON / OFF terminal) cannot detect the voltage signal output for the first time during the power-on process. Therefore, the "START" terminal voltage of the microcontroller remains high and unchanged. After the button is released, the power-on circuit is turned off, and its output is in a high-impedance state. The high-level output signal of the AND logic gate U1 alone enables the power supply circuit, which continuously converts the DC power supply VCC into 5V and 3.3V voltages.

[0022] When the button is pressed and released again, the power-on circuit is turned on. Its output is connected to the first terminal (POWER-ON / OFF terminal) of the microcontroller via resistor R6. Resistor R6 can limit transient current and protect the microcontroller from current. Since the microcontroller is powered on and has completed initialization, the first terminal (POWER-ON / OFF terminal) of the microcontroller promptly detects the high-level voltage signal fed back by the power-on circuit. The voltage at the "START" terminal of the microcontroller changes from high level to low level. The "AND" logic gate U1 outputs a low level, and the "AND" logic gate U1 pulls the enable terminal voltage of the power supply circuit from high level to low level, turning off the power supply circuit.

[0023] like Figure 2 The button circuit includes a resistor R11, a capacitor C8, and a button SW1. The resistor R11, capacitor C8, and button SW1 are connected in parallel, with one end grounded (GND) and the other end connected to the input terminal of the power-on / off management chip and the control terminal of the power-on circuit. A 100nF ceramic capacitor C8 and a 10kΩ resistor R11 are connected in parallel across the button to form a low-pass filter, which can suppress high-frequency jitter signals. By adjusting the RC time constant to match the mechanical button jitter period, the debouncing effect is good.

[0024] The power-on / off management chip U3, model EY320-D8648D, is configured to output a low level only when the button circuit receives a low-level input for 5 seconds. This changes the output voltage of the logic gate circuit, causing it to go low. Consequently, the enable voltage of the power supply circuit is pulled down from high to low, turning off the power supply. Simultaneously, the output of the power-on / off management chip U3 feeds back a low level to the microcontroller's reset pin (NRST pin), forcing a reset. If a program crashes, pressing and holding the button for 5 seconds forces a reset of the microcontroller, disabling the power enable signal.

[0025] Example 2, as follows Figure 3 , oneA switching power supply circuit includes a microcontroller-based power-on / off management circuit and a Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit; the microcontroller-based power-on / off management circuit is connected to the enable terminal of the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit, and the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit converts external DC power and provides regulated output.

[0026] The power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip consists of a first DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V regulated output based on the Buck-Boost chip and a second DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V to 3.3V output connected in series. The power-on / off management circuit based on the microcontroller is connected to the enable terminal of the first DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V regulated output based on the Buck-Boost chip. The output terminal of the second DC / DC converter circuit supplies power to the microcontroller, logic gate circuits, and power-on / off management chip.

[0027] like Figure 4 The first DC / DC converter circuit, based on the Buck-Boost chip and providing a 5V regulated output, uses the Buck-Boost chip U2 (model JW351) to provide a fixed 5V DC power supply. The second DC / DC converter circuit uses the buck converter chip U5 (model SY08089AAC) to convert the 5V DC power supply to a 3.3V DC power supply. The peripheral circuits for both the Buck-Boost chip U2 and the buck converter chip U5 use conventional technologies. Figure 4 The peripheral circuit structure shown is one example. This embodiment uses a Buck-Boost topology (JW3651 chip), which supports a wide voltage input of 3-21V and improves the conversion efficiency to ≥90%. The chip itself uses dynamic voltage regulation technology to adjust the PWM duty cycle in real time according to the load demand, reducing ineffective power consumption under light load conditions, improving energy efficiency, and adapting to high power or wide input voltage scenarios.

[0028] like Figure 4The logic gate circuit is an AND logic gate circuit, using an AND logic gate device U1. It is configured so that when the output of the power-on / off management chip U3 is high and the second terminal of the microcontroller is high, the logic gate circuit outputs a high level to enable the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip. The output of the power-on / off management chip U3 is the OUTL terminal, and the second terminal of the microcontroller is the START terminal. Both are connected to the AND logic gate device U1 via resistors R1 and R2 respectively. The AND logic gate device U1 is powered by a 3.3V power supply. The output of the AND logic gate device U1 enables the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip via diode D1. When the voltage at the OUTL terminal or the START terminal changes to a low level, the output voltage of the AND logic gate device U1 changes from high to low, thereby terminating the enable of the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip, and the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip is turned off.

[0029] like Figure 4 The power-on circuit includes a MOSFET Q1 and a TVS diode D2. When the button circuit outputs a low level, MOSFET Q1 is turned on, and TVS diode D2 clamps the external DC power supply VCC below 3.3V. The clamped voltage is divided by a resistor and used to enable the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip. The power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip converts the DC power supply VCC into 5V and 3.3V DC voltages, thereby powering on the microcontroller, power-on / off management chip, and logic gate circuits. The microcontroller completes initialization, with the "START" terminal outputting a high level and the "OUTL" terminal of the power-on / off management chip U3 outputting a high level. These two signals are input to the input terminal of the AND logic gate device U1. The "Y" pin (output terminal) of the AND logic gate device U1 outputs a high level, and the AND logic gate device U1 outputs a high-level signal to enable the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip. Before the button is released, both the power-on circuit and the AND logic gate device U1 enable the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip. The power-on circuit uses a PMOS transistor with low on-resistance to reduce conduction losses, thereby further improving the energy efficiency of the switching power supply circuit.

[0030] After the microcontroller is powered on and initialized, before the button is released, due to the power-on and initialization process and the detection delay setting, the microcontroller's first terminal (POWER-ON / OFF terminal) cannot detect the voltage signal output for the first time during the power-on process. Therefore, the "START" terminal voltage of the microcontroller remains high and unchanged. After the button is released, the power-on circuit is turned off, and its output is in a high-impedance state. The high-level output signal of the AND logic gate U1 alone enables the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit. This Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit continuously converts the DC power supply VCC into 5V and 3.3V DC voltages.

[0031] When the button is pressed and released again, the power-on circuit is turned on. Its output is connected to the first terminal (POWER-ON / OFF terminal) of the microcontroller via resistor R6. Resistor R6 can limit transient current and protect the microcontroller from current. Since the microcontroller is powered on and has completed initialization, the first terminal (POWER-ON / OFF terminal) of the microcontroller promptly detects the high-level voltage signal fed back by the power-on circuit. The voltage at the "START" terminal of the microcontroller changes from high to low. The "AND" logic gate U1 outputs a low level. The "AND" logic gate U1 pulls the enable terminal voltage of the power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip from high to low. The power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip is turned off and no longer outputs 5V DC voltage and 3.3V DC voltage.

[0032] The power-on / off management chip U3, model EY320-D8648D, is configured to output a low level only when the button circuit receives a low-level input for 5 seconds. This changes the output voltage of the logic gate circuit, causing it to output a low level. Consequently, the enable voltage of the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit is pulled down from a high level to a low level, turning off the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit. Simultaneously, the output of the power-on / off management chip U3 feeds back a low-level signal to the microcontroller's reset terminal (NRST terminal), forcibly resetting the microcontroller. Therefore, in this embodiment, when a program crash is detected, the microcontroller can be forcibly reset and the enable signal of the switching power supply circuit can be turned off by pressing and holding the button for 5 seconds.

[0033] The above are merely specific embodiments of this utility model, but the technical features of this utility model are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on this utility model to solve essentially the same technical problems and achieve essentially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A power-on / off management circuit based on a microcontroller, characterized in that, The system includes a microcontroller, logic gate circuits, button circuits, a power-on / off management chip, and a power-on circuit. The button circuit is connected to the control terminal of the power-on circuit. The input terminal of the power-on circuit is used to connect to an external DC power supply. The output terminal of the power-on circuit, after voltage clamping, is connected to the first terminal of the microcontroller. The output terminal of the power-on circuit, after voltage clamping, is used to connect to the enable terminal of the power supply circuit. The button circuit is connected to the input terminal of the power-on / off management chip. The output terminal of the power-on / off management chip is connected to one input terminal of the logic gate circuit. The second terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the other input terminal of the logic gate circuit. The output terminal of the logic gate circuit is used to connect to the enable terminal of the power supply circuit. The output terminal of the power-on / off management chip is connected to the reset terminal of the microcontroller.

2. The power-on / off management circuit based on a microcontroller as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The logic gate circuit is an AND logic gate circuit, configured to output a high level when the output terminal of the power-on / off management chip is at a high level and the second terminal of the microcontroller is at a high level, so as to enable the power supply circuit.

3. The power-on / off management circuit based on a microcontroller as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power-on circuit includes a MOSFET Q1 and a TVS diode. It is configured such that when the button circuit outputs a low level, the MOSFET Q1 is turned on, and the TVS diode clamps the external DC power supply to a voltage below 3.3V. The clamping voltage is then used to enable the power supply circuit through a resistor, thereby powering on and initializing the microcontroller. After the microcontroller is powered on and initialized, the microcontroller detects the clamping voltage of the power-on circuit and outputs a low level at its second terminal, thereby changing the output voltage of the logic gate circuit.

4. The power-on / off management circuit based on a microcontroller as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The button circuit includes a resistor R11, a capacitor C8, and a button SW1. The resistor R11, capacitor C8, and button SW1 are connected in parallel, with one end grounded and the other end connected to the input terminal of the power-on management chip and the control terminal of the power-on circuit.

5. The power-on / off management circuit based on a microcontroller as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power-on / off management chip is configured to output a low level only when the button circuit is continuously input with a low level for 5 seconds, thereby changing the output voltage of the logic gate circuit and feeding it back to the microcontroller's reset terminal.

6. A switching power supply circuit, characterized in that, It includes the microcontroller-based power-on / off management circuit and the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit as described in any one of claims 1-5; the microcontroller-based power-on / off management circuit is connected to the enable terminal of the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit, and the Buck-Boost chip-based power supply circuit converts the external DC power supply and provides a regulated output.

7. The power supply circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The power supply circuit based on the Buck-Boost chip consists of a first DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V regulated output based on the Buck-Boost chip and a second DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V to 3.3V output connected in series. The power-on / off management circuit based on the microcontroller is connected to the enable terminal of the first DC / DC converter circuit with a 5V regulated output based on the Buck-Boost chip. The output terminal of the second DC / DC converter circuit supplies power to the microcontroller, logic gate circuits, and power-on / off management chip.

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