A power supply circuit for a controller

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of power supply circuit of controller, comprising: charging input circuit, adjusting circuit, the input end of charging input circuit is used to receive input signal, the output end of charging input circuit is connected with the input end of adjusting circuit, the output end of adjusting circuit is used to power supply micro control unit, wherein, charging input circuit includes button module, button is provided in button module, button is used to control the conduction of charging input circuit.It directly supplies power to the micro control unit (MCU) through the power supply circuit, and no longer uses the front-end chip (AFE), which reduces the total power consumption and manufacturing cost of the BMS board. The button module is provided, which allows the power supply circuit to have multiple activation methods. This avoids the scenario where the power supply circuit cannot be activated without a charger due to the single activation method. The low-voltage shutdown module is provided, which automatically shuts down the micro control unit (MCU) when the total voltage of the battery is less than a fixed value. This avoids over-discharge damage to the battery and ensures the accuracy of the MCU automatic shutdown point.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to electronic circuit technology, and in particular to a power supply circuit for a controller. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium batteries are widely used in modern electronic devices because they have advantages such as high energy density, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, fast charging capability, and environmental friendliness.

[0003] Currently, the 3.3V power supply voltage for the microcontroller unit (MCU) in lithium battery pack protection boards (BMS) is mostly generated by the front-end chip (AFE). However, AFEs capable of generating 3.3V and stably powering MCUs are relatively expensive. Furthermore, directly powering the MCU from the AFE results in continuous power consumption for both the AFE and the MCU, leading to high power consumption in the BMS. When using other MCU power supply circuits instead of AFEs, the MCU's automatic shutdown point is inaccurate when the cell voltage is low, which is detrimental to the cell's lifespan. Moreover, other MCU power supply circuits have a single activation method, limiting their flexible application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This utility model provides a power supply circuit for a controller to solve the problems of high power consumption and cost of BMS, inaccurate automatic shutdown point of MCU, and single activation method of power supply circuit.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in one embodiment, a power supply circuit for a controller is provided, comprising: a charging input circuit and an adjustment circuit. The input terminal of the charging input circuit is used to receive an input signal, and the output terminal of the charging input circuit is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the adjustment circuit is used to supply power to a microcontroller unit. The charging input circuit includes a button module, in which a button is provided, and the button is used to control the charging input circuit to be turned on.

[0006] The power supply circuit of the controller in this embodiment directly supplies power to the microcontroller unit (MCU). Compared with the original lithium battery protection board (BMS) that uses the front-end chip (AFE) to supply power to the MCU, it reduces the total power consumption and manufacturing cost of the BMS board. The power supply circuit is equipped with a button module, which enables the power supply circuit to have multiple activation methods, avoiding the scenario where the power supply circuit cannot be activated without a charger due to a single activation method.

[0007] In one embodiment, the charging input circuit further includes a charging module, a switch module, and a drive module, wherein a first input terminal of the charging module is used to receive a charging signal, a second input terminal of the charging module is connected to the output terminal of the button module, the output terminal of the charging module is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module, the input terminal of the switch module is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module, the output terminal of the switch module is grounded, the input terminal of the drive module is connected to the battery cell, and the output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit.

[0008] In one embodiment, the button module further includes a first diode, the button is connected to one end of the first diode, and the other end of the first diode is connected to the second input terminal of the charging module in the charging input circuit.

[0009] In one embodiment, the charging module includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a second diode, a third diode, a first capacitor, and a first switching transistor. One end of the first resistor receives a charging signal, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor, the input terminal of the first switching transistor, and one end of the first capacitor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the first switching transistor and the output terminal of the second diode. The output terminal of the first switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the second diode and the other end of the first capacitor. The output terminal of the second diode is also connected to the input terminal of the third diode, and the output terminal of the third diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module.

[0010] In one embodiment, the switching module includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a second switching transistor, and a second capacitor. One end of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the charging module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the second switching transistor. The second capacitor is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor. One end of the second capacitor is connected to the controlled terminal of the second switching transistor, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the second switching transistor. The output terminal of the second switching transistor is also grounded. The input terminal of the second switching transistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the driving module through the fifth resistor.

[0011] In one embodiment, the driving module includes: a first Zener diode, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a fifth diode, a third switching transistor, and a third capacitor. One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the battery cell, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the fifth diode. The output terminal of the fifth diode is connected to the input terminal of the third switching transistor, and the output terminal of the third switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the regulating circuit. The first Zener diode is connected in parallel with the third capacitor, and the third capacitor is connected in parallel with the seventh resistor. The input terminal of the first Zener diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the third switching transistor, and the output terminal of the first Zener diode is connected to the input terminal of the third switching transistor.

[0012] In one embodiment, the charging input circuit further includes a power supply bootstrap module, which includes a fourth diode. The input terminal of the fourth diode receives a signal from the microcontroller unit, and the output terminal of the fourth diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module in the charging input circuit.

[0013] In one embodiment, the regulating circuit includes: a step-down module, a filter module, and a voltage regulator module. The input terminal of the step-down module is connected to the output terminal of the power supply input circuit, the output terminal of the step-down module is connected to the input terminal of the filter module, the output terminal of the filter module is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator module, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the microcontroller unit for supplying power to the microcontroller unit.

[0014] In one embodiment, the step-down module includes: a fourth switch, a fifth switch, a second Zener diode, an eighth resistor, and a ninth resistor. One end of the eighth resistor, one end of the ninth resistor, and the input terminal of the fifth switch are all connected to the output terminal of the power supply input circuit. The other end of the ninth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the fourth switch. The other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the fourth switch. The output terminal of the fourth switch is connected to the controlled terminal of the fifth switch. The output terminal of the fifth switch is connected to the input terminal of the filter module. The input terminal of the second Zener diode is grounded, and the output terminal of the second Zener diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the fourth switch.

[0015] In one embodiment, a power supply circuit for a controller is provided, characterized in that it includes: a charging input circuit and an adjustment circuit. The input terminal of the charging input circuit is used to receive an input signal, and the output terminal of the charging input circuit is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the adjustment circuit is used to supply power to a microcontroller unit. The charging input circuit includes: a button module, a charging module, a switch module, a drive module, and a low-voltage shutdown module. The button module has a button for controlling the charging input circuit to conduct. The first input terminal of the charging module is used to receive a charging signal. The second input terminal of the charging module is connected to the output terminal of the button module. The output terminal of the charging module is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module. The input terminal of the switch module is connected to the output terminal of the low-voltage shutdown module, and the output terminal of the switch module is grounded. The input terminal of the low-voltage shutdown module is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module, and the input terminal of the drive module is connected to a battery cell. The output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit.

[0016] In one embodiment, the low-voltage shutdown module includes a third Zener diode, the input terminal of which is connected to the input terminal of the switching module, and the output terminal of which is connected to the controlled terminal of the driving module.

[0017] Alternatively, the low-voltage shutdown module includes a third Zener diode and a tenth resistor, one end of the tenth resistor being connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module, the other end of the tenth resistor being connected to the output terminal of the third Zener diode, and the input terminal of the third Zener diode being connected to the input terminal of the switch module.

[0018] The power supply circuit of the controller in this embodiment is equipped with a low-voltage shutdown module. When the total voltage of the battery cell is less than a fixed value, the microcontroller unit (MCU) is shut down in time to avoid over-discharge damage to the battery cell and ensure accurate automatic shutdown of the MCU. The power supply circuit directly supplies power to the microcontroller unit (MCU). Compared with the original lithium battery pack protection board (BMS) that uses the front-end chip (AFE) to power the MCU, this reduces the total power consumption and manufacturing cost of the BMS board. The power supply circuit is equipped with a button module, which enables the power supply circuit to have multiple activation methods. This avoids the scenario where the power supply circuit cannot be activated without a charger due to a single activation method, and enables flexible application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the charging input circuit, the adjustment circuit, and the microcontroller unit (MCU) in the power supply circuit of one embodiment of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a connection diagram of the charging input circuit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment circuit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the charging input circuit, the regulating circuit, and the microcontroller unit (MCU) in the power supply circuit of one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Power supply output circuit; 101. Button module; 102. Charging module; 103. Switch module; 104. Drive module; 105. Power supply bootstrap module; 106. Low voltage shutdown module; 2. Regulating circuit; 201. Step-down module; 202. Filter module; 203. Voltage regulator module; 3. Microcontroller unit (MCU). Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, providing these embodiments will make the disclosure thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the dimensions and relative dimensions of layers and regions may be exaggerated. The same reference numerals denote the same elements throughout.

[0027] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on," "adjacent to," "connected to," or "coupled to" other elements or layers, it may be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to other elements or layers, or there may be intervening elements or layers. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly on," "directly adjacent to," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" other elements or layers, there are no intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or portion from another element, component, area, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this invention, the first element, component, area, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, area, layer, or portion.

[0028] Spatial relation terms such as “below,” “under,” “below,” “under,” “above,” “above,” etc., are used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figure and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relation terms are intended to also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, then the element or feature described as “below,” “under,” or “below” other elements or features will be oriented “above” other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms “below” and “under” can include both above and below orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or otherwise) and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0029] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. When used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “including,” when used in this specification, identify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups. When used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0030] To fully understand this invention, detailed structures and steps will be presented in the following description to illustrate the technical solution proposed by this invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in detail below; however, in addition to these detailed descriptions, the invention may have other embodiments.

[0031] In one embodiment, a power supply circuit for a controller is provided, comprising: a charging input circuit and an adjustment circuit. The input terminal of the charging input circuit is used to receive an input signal, and the output terminal of the charging input circuit is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the adjustment circuit is used to supply power to a microcontroller unit. The charging input circuit includes a button module, in which a button is provided for controlling the charging input circuit to be turned on.

[0032] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the output terminal of the charging input circuit 1 is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit 2. The input terminal of the charging input circuit 1 is used to receive the input signal, and the output terminal of the adjustment circuit 2 is used to power the microcontroller. The charging input circuit 1 includes a button module 101, which is equipped with a SWITCH button. The SWITCH button is used to control the charging input circuit 1 to be turned on.

[0033] In this embodiment, after the charging input circuit 1 is turned on, the voltage signal is stepped down and filtered by the adjustment circuit 2 to output a stable 3.3V supply voltage to power the microcontroller unit (MCU). By directly powering the MCU through the power supply circuit, without using the front-end chip (AFE), the manufacturing cost and total power consumption of the lithium battery pack protection board (BMS board) are reduced. This helps extend battery life, improves charging efficiency, reduces the risk of short circuits and grounding faults, enhances overall safety, and provides users with a more convenient and efficient experience. The inclusion of a button module 101 in the charging input circuit 1 provides convenience for users, avoiding situations where the battery cannot be activated without a charger, making the power supply circuit more flexible in its application.

[0034] In one embodiment, the charging input circuit further includes a charging module, a switch module, and a drive module, wherein a first input terminal of the charging module is used to receive a charging signal, a second input terminal of the charging module is connected to the output terminal of the button module, the output terminal of the charging module is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module, the input terminal of the switch module is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module, the output terminal of the switch module is grounded, the input terminal of the drive module is connected to the battery cell, and the output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit.

[0035] Among them, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the charging input circuit 1 includes a charging module 102, a switch module 103, and a drive module 104. The first input terminal of the charging module 102 receives the charging signal, and its output terminal is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module 103. The input terminal of the switch module 103 is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module 104, and its output terminal is grounded. The input terminal of the drive module 104 is connected to the battery cell B+, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit 2. When the battery is activated by the button module 101 or the charging module 102, the activation signal passes through the switch module 103, enabling the voltage signal of the battery cell B+ to be output to the adjustment circuit 2. The adjustment circuit 2 adjusts the voltage signal output by the battery cell B+ in the drive module 104 and outputs the adjusted 3.3V voltage to the microcontroller unit (MCU) to power the MCU.

[0036] In this embodiment, the power supply circuit includes a button module 101 and a charging module 102 in the power supply input circuit 1. Users can choose different activation methods to activate the battery, avoiding the scenario where activation is impossible without a charger. The application of the power supply circuit is also more flexible, bringing convenience to users. Using the power supply circuit to directly power the MCU eliminates the need for a front-end chip, reducing the production cost of the BMS board and lowering the total operating power consumption.

[0037] In one embodiment, the button module further includes a first diode, the button is connected to one end of the first diode, and the other end of the first diode is connected to the second input terminal of the charging module in the charging input circuit.

[0038] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the button module 101 includes a SWITCH button and a first diode D1. One end of D1 is connected to the SWITCH button, and the other end of D1 is connected to the second input terminal of the charging module 102. The button module 101 and the charging module 102 are provided in the charging input circuit 1, enabling the power supply circuit to have two different activation modes. The user can activate the battery by pressing the button or by charging.

[0039] The power supply circuit in this embodiment includes a button module to activate the battery. This eliminates the single activation method, preventing situations where the battery cannot be activated without a charger. It also makes the power supply circuit more flexible, allowing users to choose the activation method as needed, thus providing greater convenience.

[0040] In one embodiment, the charging module includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a second diode, a third diode, a first capacitor, and a first switching transistor. One end of the first resistor receives a charging signal, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor, the input terminal of the first switching transistor, and one end of the first capacitor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the first switching transistor and the output terminal of the second diode. The output terminal of the first switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the second diode and the other end of the first capacitor. The output terminal of the second diode is also connected to the input terminal of the third diode, and the output terminal of the third diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module.

[0041] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the charging module 102 includes: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a second diode D1, a third diode D3, a first capacitor C1, and a first switch Q2. One end of R1 receives the charging signal, and the other end of R1 is connected to one end of R2, the input terminal of Q2, and one end of C1. The other end of R2 is connected to the controlled terminal of Q2 and the output terminal of D2. The output terminal of Q2 is connected to the input terminal of D2 and the other end of C1. The output terminal of D2 is also connected to the input terminal of D3, and the output terminal of D3 is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module. When the user inputs a voltage signal to the charging circuit, the first switch Q2 is in the cutoff region, and the voltage signal is output to the controlled terminal of the switch module 103 through the first resistor R1, the first capacitor C1, the second diode D2, and the third diode D3.

[0042] In one embodiment, the switching module includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a second switching transistor, and a second capacitor. One end of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the charging module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the second switching transistor. The second capacitor is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor. One end of the second capacitor is connected to the controlled terminal of the second switching transistor, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the second switching transistor. The output terminal of the second switching transistor is also grounded. The input terminal of the second switching transistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the driving module through the fifth resistor.

[0043] Among them, such as Figure 2As shown, the switching module 103 includes: a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R11, a second switching transistor Q1, and a second capacitor C2. One end of R3 is connected to the output terminal of the charging module 103, and the other end of R3 is connected to the controlled terminal of Q1. C2 and R4 are connected in parallel, with one end connected to the controlled terminal of Q1 and the other end connected to the output terminal of Q1. The output terminal of Q1 is grounded, and the input terminal of Q1 is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module 104 through R11. When the voltage signal output by the charging module 102 reaches the switching module 103, the voltage signal controls the second switching transistor Q1 to conduct through the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4. The fifth resistor R11 is used to limit the current, and its resistance value is in the megaohm range.

[0044] In one embodiment, the driving module includes: a first Zener diode, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a fifth diode, a third switching transistor, and a third capacitor. One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the battery cell, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the fifth diode. The output terminal of the fifth diode is connected to the input terminal of the third switching transistor, and the output terminal of the third switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the regulating circuit. The first Zener diode is connected in parallel with the third capacitor, and the third capacitor is connected in parallel with the seventh resistor. The input terminal of the first Zener diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the third switching transistor, and the output terminal of the first Zener diode is connected to the input terminal of the third switching transistor.

[0045] Among them, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the drive module 104 includes: a first Zener diode Z2, a sixth resistor R5, a seventh resistor R6, a fifth diode D5, a third switch Q3, and a third capacitor C3. One end of R5 is connected to the cell B+, and the other end of R5 is connected to the input terminal of D5. The output terminal of D5 is connected to the input terminal of Q3, and the output terminal of Q3 is connected to the input terminal of the regulating circuit 2. Z2 and C3 are connected in parallel, and C3 and R6 are connected in parallel. The input terminal of Z2 is connected to the controlled terminal of Q3, and the output terminal of Z2 is connected to the input terminal of Q3. When the second switch Q1 of the switching module 103 is turned on, the cell B+ outputs voltage through the sixth resistor R5, the fifth diode D5, and the seventh resistor R6. Since the controlled terminal of Q3 is connected to the second switch Q1, and the second switch Q2 is grounded after being turned on, the controlled terminal of the third switch Q3 generates a negative voltage, controlling Q3 to turn on, so that the voltage of cell B+ in the drive module 104 is output to the regulating circuit 2. The resistance of resistor R11 in the switching module is twice the resistance of R6, and both are megohm-level resistors.

[0046] In one embodiment, the charging input circuit further includes a power supply bootstrap module, which includes a fourth diode. The input terminal of the fourth diode receives a signal from the microcontroller unit, and the output terminal of the fourth diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module in the charging input circuit.

[0047] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the charging input circuit 1 also includes a power supply bootstrap module 105, which includes a fourth diode D4. The input of D4 is used to receive the high level generated by the POWER_EN pin in the microcontroller unit 3. The output of D4 sends the high level to the switch module 103, so that Q1 is continuously turned on to maintain a 3.3V voltage to power the MCU.

[0048] In one embodiment, the regulating circuit includes: a step-down module, a filter module, and a voltage regulator module. The input terminal of the step-down module is connected to the output terminal of the power supply input circuit, the output terminal of the step-down module is connected to the input terminal of the filter module, the output terminal of the filter module is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator module, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the microcontroller unit for supplying power to the microcontroller unit.

[0049] Among them, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the regulating circuit 2 includes a step-down module 201, a filter module 202, and a voltage regulator module 203. The input of the step-down module 201 is connected to the output of the power supply input circuit 1, the output of the step-down module 201 is connected to the input of the filter module 202, the output of the filter module 202 is connected to the output of the voltage regulator module 203, and the output of the voltage regulator module 203 is connected to the microcontroller unit (MCU) to supply power to the MCU. When the third switch Q3 in the drive module 104 of the charging input circuit 1 is turned on, the voltage output from cell B+ in the drive module 104 is input to the regulating circuit 2 through the third switch Q3. After passing through the step-down module 201 and the filter module 202, the output voltage of cell B+ is reduced to 12V. The 12V voltage is then regulated by the voltage regulator module 203 to output a stable 3.3V voltage. This stable 3.3V voltage enables the microcontroller unit (MCU) to start operating.

[0050] In this embodiment, the power supply circuit integrates a buck module, a filter module, and a voltage regulator module into a single regulating circuit. The buck module utilizes a voltage follower, which acts as a buffer to reduce the mutual interference between the signal source and the load, avoiding signal loss and helping to maintain signal stability and quality. After the voltage output from cell B+ passes through the buck, filter, and voltage regulator modules, it is reduced to a stable 3.3V to power the MCU. This eliminates the need for a front-end chip to power the MCU, reducing the manufacturing cost of the lithium battery pack protection board (BMS board) and the overall operating power consumption of the BMS board.

[0051] In one embodiment, the step-down module includes: a fourth switch, a fifth switch, a second Zener diode, an eighth resistor, and a ninth resistor. One end of the eighth resistor, one end of the ninth resistor, and the input terminal of the fifth switch are all connected to the output terminal of the power supply input circuit. The other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the fourth switch. The other end of the ninth resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the fourth switch. The output terminal of the fourth switch is connected to the controlled terminal of the fifth switch. The output terminal of the fifth switch is connected to the input terminal of the filter module. The input terminal of the second Zener diode is grounded, and the output terminal of the second Zener diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the fourth switch.

[0052] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, the step-down module 201 includes: a fourth switch Q4, a fifth switch Q5, a second Zener diode Z3, an eighth resistor R7, and a ninth resistor R8. One end of R7, one end of R8, and the input terminal of Q5 are all connected to the output terminal of the power supply input circuit 1. The other end of R7 is connected to the input terminal of Q4, and the other end of R8 is connected to the controlled terminal of Q4. The output terminal of Q4 is connected to the controlled terminal of Q5, and the output terminal of Q5 is connected to the input terminal of the filter module 202. The input terminal of Z3 is grounded, and the output terminal of Z3 is connected to the controlled terminal of Q4. The power supply input circuit 1 outputs the voltage of cell B+ to the step-down module 201 of the regulation circuit 2. The step-down module 201 contains a voltage follower with two transistors Q4 and Q5. The low-voltage Q4 drives the high-voltage Q5, which can reduce the voltage at the output of Q5 to the voltage across Z3. Z3 is a Zener diode. When the voltage output by the power supply input circuit is higher than the breakdown voltage of Z3, Z3 breaks down in reverse and turns on, stabilizing the voltage of Z3 at a certain value. R8 acts as a current limiter. When Z3 is turned on, the controlled terminal of Q4 receives voltage and then turns on. At this time, the voltage at the output terminal and the controlled terminal of Q4 are equal, both being the regulated voltage value of Z3. When Q4 is turned on, the controlled terminal of Q5 has voltage equal to the regulated voltage value of Z3. At this time, Q5 turns on, and the voltage at the output terminal of Q5 is equal to the regulated voltage value of Z3 minus the on-state voltage drop of the controlled terminals and the output terminal of Q4 and Q5. This allows the voltage of cell B+ to be reduced to 12V after passing through the step-down circuit 201.

[0053] After the voltage reduction is completed, the stepped-down 12V voltage is output to the filter module 202, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the filter module 202 includes a capacitor C4 and a resistor R9. One end of C4 and R9 is connected to the output terminal of the step-down module 201, the other end of C4 is grounded, and the other end of R9 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator module 203. The voltage is filtered by the filter module 202, and a stable 12V voltage is output to the voltage regulator module 203.

[0054] The voltage regulator module 203 steps down and regulates the 12V voltage output by the filter module 202, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the voltage regulator module 203 includes: a linear regulator U2, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, and a third Zener diode Z4. The input terminal of U2 is connected to the filter module 202, the ground terminal of U2 is grounded, and the output terminal of U2 is used to power the MCU. The output terminal of U2 is also connected to one end of C5, the other end of C5 is grounded, C6 is connected in parallel with C5, and Z4 is connected in parallel with C6. The core of the linear regulator U2 is a transistor or field-effect transistor operating at saturation. It can adjust its conduction state according to the signal from the error amplifier, thereby controlling the output voltage. The error amplifier ensures the stability of the output voltage, converting an unstable DC input voltage into a stable output voltage.

[0055] In this embodiment, the power supply circuit reduces the voltage of cell B+ to 12V after passing through a step-down circuit. A filtering module then filters the stepped-down voltage to reduce noise and interference, resulting in a stable output voltage. This significantly reduces the AC component (ripple) in the output voltage, making the voltage waveform smoother, reducing damage to the MCU caused by voltage fluctuations, extending its lifespan, and improving the reliability of the power supply circuit. The linear regulator in the voltage regulation module provides a stable output voltage, reduces heat loss, and generates less electromagnetic interference, resulting in low output voltage noise. Some linear regulators also feature overcurrent and short-circuit protection, further increasing the reliability of the power supply circuit and stabilizing the output voltage at 3.3V to power the MCU.

[0056] In one embodiment, a power supply circuit for a controller is provided, characterized in that it includes: a charging input circuit and an adjustment circuit. The input terminal of the charging input circuit is used to receive an input signal, and the output terminal of the charging input circuit is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the adjustment circuit is used to supply power to a microcontroller unit. The charging input circuit includes: a button module, a charging module, a switch module, a drive module, and a low-voltage shutdown module. The button module has a button for controlling the charging input circuit to conduct. The first input terminal of the charging module is used to receive a charging signal, and the second input terminal of the charging module is connected to the output terminal of the button module. The output terminal of the charging module is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module. The input terminal of the switch module is connected to the input terminal of the low-voltage shutdown module, and the output terminal of the switch module is grounded. The output terminal of the low-voltage shutdown module is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module, and the input terminal of the drive module is connected to a battery cell. The output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit.

[0057] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the input terminal of the charging input circuit 1 is used to receive input signals, and the output terminal of the charging input circuit 1 is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit 2. The output terminal of the adjustment circuit 2 is used to power the microcontroller unit 3. The charging input circuit 1 includes: a button module 101, a charging module 102, a switch module 103, a drive module 104, and a low-voltage shutdown module 106. The button module 101 is provided with a SWITCH button, which is used to control the charging input circuit 1 to be turned on. The first input terminal of the charging module 102 is used to receive charging signals. The second input terminal of the charging module 102 is connected to the output terminal of the button module 101. The output terminal of the charging module 102 is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module 103. The input terminal of the switch module 103 is connected to the output terminal of the low-voltage shutdown module 106. The output terminal of the switch module 103 is grounded. The input terminal of the low-voltage shutdown module 106 is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module 104. The input terminal of the drive module 104 is connected to the B+ of the battery cell. The output terminal of the drive module 104 is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit 2.

[0058] When the button module 101 or charging module 102 of the power supply input circuit 1 receives a signal, such as Figure 4As shown, the generated voltage signal passes through the switching module 103, causing the switching transistor Q1 in the switching module 103 to conduct. The battery cell B+ in the drive module 104 outputs a voltage signal. At this time, the Zener diode Z1 in the low-voltage shutdown module 106 conducts, making the controlled terminal of the switching transistor Q3 in the drive module 104 connected to the switching transistor Q1 in the switching module 103. At this time, a negative voltage is generated at the controlled terminal of the switching transistor Q3 in the drive module 104, controlling the switching transistor Q3 to conduct. This causes the output voltage of the battery cell B+ in the drive module 104 to be output to the regulation circuit 2 for voltage reduction, filtering, and regulation, outputting a stable 3.3V voltage to power the microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0059] The power supply circuit provided in this embodiment directly powers the microcontroller unit (MCU) without using an AFE (Automatic Front-End Chip), reducing the manufacturing cost and total operating power consumption of the lithium battery pack protection board (BMS board). It includes a low-voltage shutdown module that shuts off the circuit promptly when the total voltage of the battery cells falls below a fixed value, preventing over-discharge damage and ensuring accurate automatic shutdown of the MCU. A button module is also included, allowing users to activate the power supply circuit via a button, avoiding situations where activation is impossible without a charger. This expands the activation methods and enables flexible application.

[0060] In one embodiment, the low-voltage shutdown module includes a third Zener diode, the input terminal of which is connected to the input terminal of the switching module, and the output terminal of which is connected to the controlled terminal of the driving module.

[0061] Alternatively, the low-voltage shutdown module includes a third Zener diode and a tenth resistor, one end of the tenth resistor being connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module, the other end of the tenth resistor being connected to the output terminal of the third Zener diode, and the input terminal of the third Zener diode being connected to the input terminal of the switch module.

[0062] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the low-voltage shutdown module 106 includes a third Zener diode Z1. The input terminal of Z1 is connected to the input terminal of the switch module 103, and the output terminal of Z1 is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module 104.

[0063] Alternatively, the low-voltage shutdown module 106 includes a third Zener diode Z1 and a tenth resistor R10. One end of R10 is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module 103, and the other end of R10 is connected to the output terminal of Z1. The input terminal of Z1 is connected to the input terminal of the switch module 103.

[0064] When the voltage of cell B+ gradually decreases and its voltage value is insufficient to break down the Zener diode Z1 in the low-voltage shutdown module 106, the absolute value of the voltage at the controlled terminal of the switch Q3 in the drive module 104 is 0. At this time, the switch Q3 cannot be turned on, and the voltage of cell B+ in the drive module 104 cannot be output to the regulating circuit 2, thereby realizing the low-voltage shutdown of the power supply circuit.

[0065] In this embodiment, the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode in the low-voltage shutdown module determines the low-voltage shutdown value of the power supply circuit. The low-voltage shutdown value of the Zener diode Z1 can be designed to make the shutdown point of the power supply circuit accurate.

[0066] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit for a controller, characterized in that, include: The system includes a charging input circuit and an adjustment circuit. The input terminal of the charging input circuit is used to receive input signals, and the output terminal of the charging input circuit is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the adjustment circuit is used to power the microcontroller unit. The charging input circuit includes a button module with a button for controlling the charging input circuit to turn on.

2. The power supply circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The charging input circuit further includes a charging module, a switch module, and a drive module. The first input terminal of the charging module is used to receive a charging signal. The second input terminal of the charging module is connected to the output terminal of the button module. The output terminal of the charging module is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module. The input terminal of the switch module is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module. The output terminal of the switch module is grounded. The input terminal of the drive module is connected to the battery cell. The output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit.

3. The power supply circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The button module also includes a first diode. The button is connected to one end of the first diode, and the other end of the first diode is connected to the second input terminal of the charging module in the charging input circuit.

4. The power supply circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The charging module includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a second diode, a third diode, a first capacitor, and a first switching transistor. One end of the first resistor receives a charging signal. The other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor, the input terminal of the first switching transistor, and one end of the first capacitor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the first switching transistor and the output terminal of the second diode. The output terminal of the first switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the second diode and the other end of the first capacitor. The output terminal of the second diode is also connected to the input terminal of the third diode. The output terminal of the third diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module.

5. The power supply circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The switching module includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a second switching transistor, and a second capacitor. One end of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the charging module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the second switching transistor. The second capacitor is connected in parallel with the fourth resistor. One end of the second capacitor is connected to the controlled terminal of the second switching transistor, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the second switching transistor. The output terminal of the second switching transistor is also grounded. The input terminal of the second switching transistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the driving module through the fifth resistor.

6. The power supply circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The driving module includes: a first Zener diode, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a fifth diode, a third switching transistor, and a third capacitor. One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the battery cell, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the fifth diode. The output terminal of the fifth diode is connected to the input terminal of the third switching transistor, and the output terminal of the third switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the regulating circuit. The first Zener diode is connected in parallel with the third capacitor, and the third capacitor is connected in parallel with the seventh resistor. The input terminal of the first Zener diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the third switching transistor, and the output terminal of the first Zener diode is connected to the input terminal of the third switching transistor.

7. The power supply circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The charging input circuit further includes a power supply bootstrap module, which includes a fourth diode. The input terminal of the fourth diode receives the signal from the microcontroller unit, and the output terminal of the fourth diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module in the charging input circuit.

8. The power supply circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The regulating circuit includes a step-down module, a filter module, and a voltage regulator module. The input terminal of the step-down module is connected to the output terminal of the power supply input circuit. The output terminal of the step-down module is connected to the input terminal of the filter module. The output terminal of the filter module is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator module. The output terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the microcontroller unit for supplying power to the microcontroller unit.

9. The power supply circuit as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The step-down module includes: a fourth switch, a fifth switch, a second Zener diode, an eighth resistor, and a ninth resistor. One end of the eighth resistor, one end of the ninth resistor, and the input terminal of the fifth switch are connected to the output terminal of the power supply input circuit. The other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the fourth switch. The other end of the ninth resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the fourth switch. The output terminal of the fourth switch is connected to the controlled terminal of the fifth switch. The output terminal of the fifth switch is connected to the input terminal of the filter module. The input terminal of the second Zener diode is grounded, and the output terminal of the second Zener diode is connected to the controlled terminal of the fourth switch.

10. A power supply circuit for a controller, characterized in that, include: The system includes a charging input circuit and an adjustment circuit. The input terminal of the charging input circuit receives an input signal, and the output terminal of the charging input circuit is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the adjustment circuit supplies power to the microcontroller unit. The charging input circuit comprises a button module, a charging module, a switch module, a drive module, and a low-voltage shutdown module. The button module has a button for controlling the charging input circuit to conduct. The first input terminal of the charging module receives a charging signal, and the second input terminal of the charging module is connected to the output terminal of the button module. The output terminal of the charging module is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module. The input terminal of the switch module is connected to the output terminal of the low-voltage shutdown module, which is grounded. The input terminal of the low-voltage shutdown module is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module, and the input terminal of the drive module is connected to the battery cell. The output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit.

11. The power supply circuit as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The low-voltage shutdown module includes a third Zener diode, the input terminal of which is connected to the input terminal of the switching module, and the output terminal of which is connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module. Alternatively, the low-voltage shutdown module includes a third Zener diode and a tenth resistor, one end of the tenth resistor being connected to the controlled terminal of the drive module, the other end of the tenth resistor being connected to the output terminal of the third Zener diode, and the input terminal of the third Zener diode being connected to the input terminal of the switch module.

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