Ejection type penetration mechanism and indoor geotechnical test system

Abstract

This utility model discloses a catapult-type penetration mechanism and an indoor geotechnical testing system. The penetration mechanism includes a support frame, a drive device, a spring energy storage system, a probe, a release mechanism, and a base. The spring energy storage system includes a spring and a compression spring component. The release mechanism includes a disc trigger mechanism and a spring hook. The drive device is mounted on the support frame and hinged to the spring hook. A force transmission ring is fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the probe, and a sleeve is nested outside the force transmission ring. The force transmission ring and the top of the sleeve are detachably connected and can slide within the sleeve. The sleeve is fixedly connected to the compression spring component. When the drive device drives the spring hook and probe upward, the spring is compressed to store energy. When the spring hook moves to contact the disc trigger mechanism, the spring releases energy, driving the probe to be ejected. This utility model can achieve efficient ejection of standard probes, with controllable penetration speed, compact structure, and high repeatability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of geotechnical engineering testing equipment, and in particular to a catapult-type penetration mechanism and an indoor geotechnical testing system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of marine resource development and deep-sea engineering construction, the demand for in-situ testing of the mechanical properties of seabed soft soil is increasing. Free Fall Penetrometer (FFP) technology, as an efficient in-situ testing method for obtaining sediment strength parameters, is widely used in engineering surveys and marine geological hazard assessments.

[0003] Currently, indoor test devices used to simulate the dynamic loading process of FFP mostly employ the following two methods for projectile loading:

[0004] 1. Pneumatic ejection device: This type of system is based on the principle of an air gun, using compressed gas to provide propulsion. However, it is generally limited to using small-sized non-standard probes. The probes need to be specially designed and are difficult to use with standard engineering probes. Furthermore, due to the lack of unified standards, the test data needs to be normalized, which is not conducive to the direct engineering application and comparison of the results.

[0005] 2. Spring-loaded ejection device (integrated FFP type): This type of device typically involves fixing the probe to the entire FFP device before ejection. To obtain sufficient penetration velocity, a large-sized spring is required to overcome the overall weight and structural inertia. This design is not only bulky and difficult to adjust, but also suffers from most of the spring's energy being consumed by non-test components, ultimately limiting the effective penetration velocity and making it difficult to achieve the ideal experimental conditions of 6 m / s or higher.

[0006] Therefore, there is currently a lack of an indoor penetration loading device that is lightweight, energy efficient, supports standard probe ejection, and has an adjustable ejection speed.

[0007] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only for understanding the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of existing penetration loading devices, such as bulky structure, low energy utilization, difficulty in adapting to standard probes, and inability to precisely control the ejection speed. This invention proposes an ejection-type penetration mechanism and an indoor geotechnical testing system.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A catapult-type penetration mechanism includes a support frame, a drive device, a spring energy storage system, a probe, a release mechanism, and a base. The spring energy storage system includes a spring and a compression spring component for compressing the spring. The release mechanism includes a height-adjustable disc trigger mechanism and a spring hook for gripping the probe. The release mechanism also includes a vertically arranged adjusting rod and at least one adjusting nut for locking the height of the disc trigger mechanism. The disc trigger mechanism is sleeved on the adjusting rod, and its fixed height on the adjusting rod can be changed by turning the adjusting nut. The drive device is mounted on the support frame and hinged to the spring hook for... The driving device drives the spring hook and the probe it grasps to move; a force transmission ring is fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the probe, and a sleeve is nested outside the force transmission ring. The force transmission ring and the top of the sleeve are detachably connected and can slide in the sleeve; the sleeve is fixedly connected to the compression spring component; when the driving device drives the spring hook and the probe to lift upward, the force transmission ring contacts the sleeve, lifting the sleeve and the compression spring component fixedly connected to the sleeve upward, compressing the spring to store energy; when the spring hook moves to contact the disc trigger mechanism, it triggers the spring hook to separate from the probe, and the spring releases energy to drive the probe to eject.

[0011] In some embodiments, the force transmission ring is provided with an outer boss, the diameter of which is the inner diameter of the opening at the top of the sleeve, and the force transmission ring is detachably connected to the top of the sleeve through the outer boss.

[0012] In some embodiments, the spring hook is hinged to the output end of the drive device and is configured with an elastic element that gives it a normally closed tendency; the disc trigger mechanism has a guide ramp; when the spring hook rises and contacts the guide ramp, the spring hook is opened to release the force transmission ring and the probe.

[0013] In some embodiments, the compression spring member is a rigid pressure plate; the spring is sleeved outside the sleeve, its upper end is limited by a spring sleeve cover fixed to the support frame, and its lower end acts on the compression spring member.

[0014] In some embodiments, the probe is a free-fall penetrator FFP probe.

[0015] In some embodiments, the probe has a retrieval hole at the top for connecting a retrieval cable.

[0016] This utility model also provides an indoor geotechnical testing system, comprising: a model box for holding soil samples; a catapult-type penetration mechanism as described in any of the above, which is mounted on the model box via its base and is capable of moving and positioning along the top of the model box; and a data acquisition device for receiving and processing data from the sensors in the probe of the catapult-type penetration mechanism.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model compared with the prior art include:

[0018] This invention utilizes a drive device to propel a probe, which in turn drives a force transmission ring to contact a sleeve. This lifts the sleeve and a compression spring component fixedly connected to it, compressing the stored spring energy. A release mechanism, including a height-adjustable disc trigger mechanism, precisely releases the probe at a preset position. This overall technical solution optimizes the energy transfer path, avoids inertial losses from unnecessary components such as the drive device, and more efficiently converts the energy stored in the spring into the kinetic energy of the probe, thus significantly improving energy utilization and the final penetration speed. Simultaneously, adjusting the height of the disc trigger mechanism changes the spring compression, enabling continuous and precise control of the probe's initial ejection velocity, solving the problem of non-adjustable or difficult-to-adjust speed in existing devices. Furthermore, the probe is detachably connected to the device via the force transmission ring, allowing for replacement of the force transmission ring when the probe size changes. This enables compatibility with standard FFP probes of different sizes, solving the problem of requiring custom-made probes in existing devices, enhancing versatility and the comparability of experimental data. This invention significantly improves the accuracy, reliability, efficiency, and repeatability of simulating high-speed penetration processes in indoor geotechnical tests, providing an efficient and reliable experimental method for studying the mechanical behavior of soil under high strain rates.

[0019] In some embodiments, the present invention also has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] By employing a combination of spring hooks and force transmission rings, reliable connection of the probe during the energy storage phase and instantaneous separation during the release phase are achieved, ensuring the reliability and repeatability of the release action.

[0021] By configuring an elastic element for the spring hook and setting a disc trigger mechanism with a guide ramp, a reliable trigger release is achieved using a simple mechanical structure. The structure is ingenious and the action is stable.

[0022] By setting an adjusting rod and adjusting nut to fix the height of the disc trigger mechanism, a simple and convenient height adjustment method is provided, which facilitates precise control of the release point.

[0023] By designing the compression spring component as a pressure plate rigidly connected to the sleeve, and sleeved the spring outside the sleeve, a stable and coaxial force transmission path is constructed, ensuring the stability of the compression and release process and making the structure more compact.

[0024] By specifying the probe as a standard FFP probe, this invention can be directly applied to testing scenarios that conform to international standards, thereby enhancing the engineering application value of the equipment.

[0025] By setting up a retrieval hole, the probe can be retrieved via cable after the experiment, which improves experimental efficiency and enables rapid reset.

[0026] Other beneficial effects of the embodiments of this utility model will be further described below. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the ejector-type penetration mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the ejector-type penetration mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the ejector-type penetration mechanism according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the disc triggering mechanism and its guide slope and spring hook according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the disc triggering mechanism and the spring hook in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the spring hook and force transmission ring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the spring hook in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0035] 1-Top plate of support frame; 2-Support column; 3-Electric actuator; 4-Disc trigger mechanism; 401-Guide slope; 5-Adjusting nut; 6-Spring hook; 601-Spring hook spring; 7-Adjusting rod; 8-Force transmission ring; 801-Outer boss; 9-Spring outer sleeve; 10-Spring; 11-FFP probe; 1101-Boss; 12-Guide rail; 13-Roller; 14-Compression spring; 15-Sleeve; 16-Spring sleeve cover; 17-Steel cable. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0037] It should be noted that the directional terms such as left, right, up, down, top, and bottom used in this embodiment are only relative concepts or are based on the normal use of the product, and should not be considered as restrictive.

[0038] To address the limitations of existing pneumatic loading methods, such as probe size constraints, bulky structure, difficulty in speed control, and low efficiency, this utility model provides an ejector-type penetration mechanism. This mechanism employs a compression spring for energy storage, a mechanical hook release mechanism, and an adjustment limit device, enabling efficient ejection of standard probes. The penetration speed is controllable, the structure is compact, and the repeatability is high, making it suitable for indoor multi-point, multi-rate penetration tests.

[0039] This utility model provides a catapult-type penetration mechanism, including a support frame, a drive device, a spring energy storage system, a probe, a release mechanism, and a base. The spring energy storage system includes a spring 10 and a compression spring component for compressing the spring 10. The release mechanism includes a height-adjustable disc trigger mechanism 4 and a spring hook 6 for gripping the probe. The release mechanism also includes a vertically arranged adjusting rod 7 and at least one adjusting nut 5 for locking the height of the disc trigger mechanism 4. The disc trigger mechanism 4 is sleeved on the adjusting rod 7, and the fixed height of the disc trigger mechanism 4 on the adjusting rod 7 can be changed by turning the adjusting nut 5. The drive device is mounted on the support frame and hinged to the spring hook 6, for driving the spring hook and the probe it grips. Movement; a force transmission ring 8 is fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the probe, and a sleeve 15 is nested outside the force transmission ring 8. The force transmission ring 8 and the top of the sleeve 15 form a separable connection and can slide in the sleeve 15; the sleeve 15 is fixedly connected to the compression spring component; when the driving device drives the spring hook 6 and the probe to lift upward, the force transmission ring 8 contacts the sleeve 15, lifts the sleeve 15 and the compression spring component fixedly connected to the sleeve 15 upward, and compresses the spring 10 to store energy; when the spring hook 6 moves to contact the disc triggering mechanism 4, the triggering spring hook 6 separates from the probe, and the spring 10 releases energy to drive the probe to eject; the base includes a guide rail 12 for fixing the ejector-type penetration mechanism to the test platform and a sliding component that cooperates with the guide rail 12.

[0040] The force transmission ring 8 is provided with an outer boss 801, and the force transmission ring 8 is detachably connected to the top of the sleeve 15 through the outer boss 801. The diameter of the outer boss 801 of the force transmission ring 8 is larger than the inner diameter of the opening at the top of the sleeve 15, so the force transmission ring 8 is nested inside the sleeve 15 and cannot slide out. When it moves up to the top of the sleeve 15, the force transmission ring 8 drives the sleeve 15 to move upward and form a detachable connection.

[0041] The spring hook 6 is hinged to the output end of the drive device and is equipped with an elastic element (e.g., spring hook spring 601) that gives it a normally closed tendency. The disc trigger mechanism 4 has a guide slope 401. The disc trigger mechanism 4 has a circular opening at its center, through which the central shaft of the drive device can pass. At the same time, the bottom of the circular opening extends downward to form a trumpet-shaped opening, thereby forming the guide slope 401. When the spring hook 6 rises and its upper end contacts the guide slope 401, the elastic element is compressed, and the lower end of the spring hook 6 opens to release the probe and the force transmission ring 8.

[0042] The compression spring component is a rigid pressure plate; the spring 10 is sleeved outside the sleeve 15, its upper end is limited by the spring sleeve cover 16 fixed to the support frame, and its lower end acts on the compression spring component.

[0043] The probe is a free-fall penetrator FFP probe 11.

[0044] The probe has a retrieval hole at the top for connecting the retrieval cable.

[0045] This utility model also provides an indoor geotechnical testing system, comprising: a model box for holding soil samples; a catapult-type penetration mechanism as described above, which is mounted on the model box via its base and can move and be positioned along the top of the model box; and a data acquisition device for receiving and processing data from the sensors in the probe of the catapult-type penetration mechanism.

[0046] The following describes specific embodiments of this utility model.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the catapult-type penetration mechanism provided in this embodiment is a compact, speed-adjustable, and high-energy-efficiency indoor soil penetration loading device. It mainly includes a support frame, electric actuator 3, disc triggering mechanism 4, adjusting nut 5, spring hook 6, adjusting rod 7, force transmission ring 8, spring outer sleeve 9, spring 10, FFP probe 11, guide rail 12, roller 13, compression spring 14, sleeve 15, spring sleeve cover 16, and steel cable 17. The support frame includes a top plate 1 and a support column 2. The support column 2 is a steel column, fixedly connected to other structures at the top and bottom by nuts. The specific structure and function are as follows:

[0048] 1. Spring Energy Storage System: A vertically arranged spring 10 (which can be replaced according to probe quality and ejection speed requirements) is used. Its upper end is fixed, and after installation, the upper end of spring 10 is limited and fixed by the spring sleeve cap 16. The lower end is connected to a compression spring plate 14 (compression spring component). The compression spring plate 14 is connected to the middle sleeve (i.e., sleeve 15) outside the FFP probe 11, forming the force transmission path of spring 10. The compression spring plate 14 is a thin circular steel sheet with a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the spring outer sleeve 9 and larger than the diameter of spring 10, welded to the bottom of sleeve 15. When the electric actuator 3 is pulled upwards, the spring hook 6 drives the FFP probe 11 and sleeve 15 to move upwards together. At this time, the compression spring plate 14 will also move upwards, compressing spring 10. Under the drive of the electric actuator 3, the spring hook 6 connects with the FFP probe 11 and moves upwards together, driving the compression spring plate 14 to compress spring 10, completing energy storage.

[0049] 2. Sleeve and Probe Connection Mechanism: The FFP probe 11 and sleeve 15 are connected by a force transmission ring 8, ensuring stable force transmission when the spring 10 stores energy and instantaneous separation upon release. The sleeve 15 is also rigidly connected to the compression spring 14, moving upwards with the FFP probe 11 during energy storage, effectively compressing the spring 10. The force transmission ring 8 is a ring structure nested within the sleeve 15 and can slide within it. Since the inner diameter of the opening at the top of the sleeve 15 is smaller than the outer diameter of the outer protrusion 801 of the force transmission ring 8, the force transmission ring 8 cannot pass through. Therefore, during the upward movement of the FFP probe 11, the sleeve 15 moves upwards, which in turn moves the compression spring 14 upwards, compressing the spring 10. After the FFP probe 11 is released, the spring 10 is simultaneously released, and the FFP probe 11 is ejected by the action of the sleeve 15 and the force transmission ring 8. The sleeve 15 and the compression spring 14 are rigidly connected, and the whole can slide up and down in the spring outer sleeve 9. The sleeve 15 and the spring outer sleeve 9 are clearance fit. To ensure smooth sliding and reduce energy loss, a lubricant can be placed between the sleeve 15 and the spring outer sleeve 9 or the sliding parts can be made of a material with a low coefficient of friction (such as a polytetrafluoroethylene bushing).

[0050] 3. Electric actuator 3 (drive device): The electric actuator 3 is mounted on the top plate 1 of the support frame. During operation, it outputs thrust in a vertical upward direction, driving the spring hook 6 to move upward. By setting the stroke of the electric actuator 3, the upward lifting distance during the penetration preparation stage can be precisely controlled.

[0051] 4. Spring Hook Release Mechanism (Release Mechanism): The spring hook 6 is used to hook the FFP probe 11 when the electric actuator 3 is pulled up. The force transmission ring 8 on the FFP probe 11 simultaneously drives the sleeve 15 and the pressure spring 14 upwards. After rising to a preset height, the spring hook 6 contacts and presses against the inner inclined surface (guide inclined surface 401) of the disc trigger mechanism 4, causing the hook to flip outwards, thus opening the spring hook 6. The FFP probe 11 and spring 10 separate instantly, completing the high-speed release. The spring hook 6 is installed at the front end of the electric actuator 3, presenting a three-grip structure. It can move around a rotating axis, automatically close, and grab the tail end of the FFP probe 11. The guide inclined surface 401 is a flared opening made of high-strength alloy. The spring hook 6 is a long rod-shaped structure with its movable shaft in the middle. A spring hook spring 601 (elastic element) presses against its upper end to maintain automatic closure. When the spring hook 6 moves upward, its upper end contacts the guide ramp 401, causing the upper part of the spring hook 6 to retract inward, compressing the spring 10, while the lower part of the spring hook 6 opens under the action of the lever. The preset height is set according to the initial velocity requirement. Different speed positions are marked on the adjusting rod 7. Tightening the adjusting nut 5 to the corresponding position limits the disc trigger mechanism 4 to the position of the adjusting nut 5, thus allowing it to be adjusted to the preset position according to the speed requirement. The disc trigger mechanism 4 is precision-machined and adjusted to ensure that multiple spring hooks 6 can be released synchronously and instantaneously to avoid lateral disturbance to the FFP probe 11.

[0052] 5. Disc Trigger Mechanism 4 and Speed ​​Adjustment Structure: The disc trigger mechanism 4 is mounted on the adjusting rod 7, which is vertically arranged and connected to the spring sleeve cover 16. The adjusting nut 5 can be adjusted up and down on the adjusting rod 7 to change the height of the disc trigger position, thereby controlling the upward lifting distance of the spring hook 6 and adjusting the compression of the spring 10 to achieve adjustable control of the initial ejection speed. The adjusting rod 7 is a threaded rod that passes through the disc trigger mechanism 4. Adjusting nuts 5 are installed at the top and bottom of the passing part to adjust the height of the disc trigger mechanism 4.

[0053] 6. Bottom Guide Rail Sliding Structure (Base): The bottom of this penetration mechanism is equipped with a base, which includes a guide rail 12 for fixing the ejector-type penetration mechanism to the test platform and rollers 13 (sliding components) that cooperate with the guide rail 12, supporting the entire ejection structure. Through this base, the user can radially move the ejector device along the top surface of the model box (used to hold soil samples and water) and achieve precise locking through positioning holes or limiting blocks. This structure facilitates penetration tests of the same sample at multiple different locations, improving the repeatability and validity of test data. The positioning holes are located on the radially moving guide rail 12. The FFP probe 11 contains an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that can measure the acceleration and angular acceleration in the x, y, and z axes during the descent, used for orientation correction during data interpretation and processing.

[0054] 7. Probe Retrieval and Reset: The top of the FFP probe 11 is equipped with a retrieval hole. Before the test, the steel cable 17 (cable) is connected to this hole. After the penetration test is completed, the probe can be slowly retrieved to the initial position by manually lifting the steel cable 17, thus completing the closed-loop operation of the test cycle and preparing for the next loading.

[0055] The installation and operation method of the catapult-type penetration mechanism in this embodiment is as follows:

[0056] 1. Installation and Initialization Phase

[0057] The ejector-type penetration mechanism is mounted on the model box. It is radially slidable to the designated test position via the bottom guide rail 12, and locked by inserting a positioning pin to ensure alignment between the penetration mechanism and the top surface of the model box. The spring hook spring 601 on the spring hook 6 is manually pressed to open the spring hook 6. The FFP probe 11 passes through the sleeve 15 from bottom to top. When the upper boss 1101 of the FFP probe 11 (the boss 1101 is used by the spring hook 6 to hook the FFP probe 11) reaches the height of the spring hook 6, the spring hook spring 601 is released, causing the spring hook 6 to close under leverage, hooking the FFP probe 11. At this time, the force transmission ring 8 fixedly sleeved on the FFP probe 11 forms a separable connection with the sleeve 15, and the sleeve 15 is rigidly connected to the compression spring 14, forming an energy transfer path. The connecting steel cable 17 is then connected to the top recovery hole of the FFP probe 11.

[0058] 2. Spring compression and energy storage stage

[0059] The electric actuator 3 is fixed to the top plate 1 of the support frame (locked to the support column 2 by a nut), and its output shaft is connected to the spring hook 6. Activating the electric actuator 3 causes the spring hook 6 to move upwards, simultaneously connecting to the top of the FFP probe 11 via the hook, thus achieving overall upward traction of the FFP probe 11 and the force transmission ring 8. Since the force transmission ring 8 is nested within the sleeve 15 and cannot slide out, when it moves to the top of the sleeve 15, the force transmission ring 8 drives the sleeve 15 to move upwards. The sleeve 15 and the compression spring 14 are rigidly connected; the compression spring 14 moves upwards with the sleeve 15, causing the spring 10 to be compressed vertically within the spring outer sleeve 9 during the upward movement, thus storing elastic potential energy.

[0060] 3. Trigger Release and High-Speed ​​Ejection Phase

[0061] During the ascent of the spring hook 6, when it reaches the height position set by the adjusting rod 7 and the adjusting nut 5, its upper structure contacts the disc trigger mechanism 4. The disc trigger mechanism 4 utilizes an inclined sliding structure (i.e., an internal inclined surface) to cause the spring hook 6 to flip outward, instantly releasing the FFP probe 11. This causes the spring 10 to rapidly release energy, propelling the probe vertically into the soil sample at high speed. The rotation of the spring hook 6 is flexible and unhindered. The preload provided by the spring of the spring hook 6 must ensure its stable normally closed state, and it must be reliably opened after contacting the guide inclined surface 401 of the disc trigger mechanism 4. The preferred angle range of the internal inclined surface of the disc trigger mechanism 4 is 45°-60°. This process is completed instantaneously, and the ejection speed is determined by the spring preload.

[0062] 4. Explanation of the speed regulation mechanism

[0063] The adjusting nut 5 can move up and down along the adjusting rod 7. By changing its position on the adjusting rod 7, the release height of the disc trigger mechanism 4 can be adjusted. The release height directly determines the extension stroke of the electric actuator 3, that is, the compression stroke of the spring 10, and the compression stroke determines its energy storage capacity. The adjusting mechanism thus achieves continuous adjustment of the probe's initial penetration velocity, covering a typical high-speed loading range of 6~12 m / s. The spring 10 is a high-stiffness compression spring, with its elastic coefficient k preferably being 10.3 kN / m. The probe mass is approximately 580g. The correspondence between the spring compression and the initial velocity is as follows: 90mm compression corresponds to an initial velocity of 12m / s; 67.5mm compression corresponds to an initial velocity of 9m / s; and 45mm compression corresponds to an initial velocity of 6m / s.

[0064] 5. Probe retrieval and cyclic operation

[0065] After the test is completed, the operator can manually pull up the steel cable 17 to retrieve the FFP probe 11 back to its initial position.

[0066] 6. Test location switching and repeated tests

[0067] The penetration mechanism is equipped with rollers 13 at the bottom, which can slide along the radial guide rails 12 to support penetration tests at multiple points on the same soil sample. After each test, the positioning pin is pulled out, the ejection device is slid to a new position and locked, and the test can be performed again, effectively improving the sample utilization rate and the consistency of test data.

[0068] The ejection-type penetration mechanism of this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0069] 1. Improved ejection energy utilization: This embodiment adopts a force transmission path of "spring-compression spring mechanism-sleeve-force transmission ring-probe", which is compact and avoids the energy dispersion caused by the need to drive the entire FFP system in the traditional structure. The ejection energy is more concentrated, the penetration speed is higher, and the test results are more representative.

[0070] 2. Continuously Adjustable Penetration Speed: The spring compression is controlled by adjusting the nut and the electric actuator stroke, thereby precisely regulating the probe ejection speed. The penetration speed covers the range of 6~12 m / s, meeting the needs of soil response studies under different strain rate conditions and supporting the continuous construction of strain rate-strength relationships. The spring compression corresponds to an elastic potential energy, which is converted into kinetic energy for the probe through spring release.

[0071] 3. Compact structure and easy integration: The entire catapult system is vertically arranged, highly integrated, and compact in size, making it easy to install on indoor model box platforms. It does not require an additional air source or complex control system, making it suitable for promotion to various types of geotechnical testing platforms.

[0072] 4. Separate probe and sleeve design, highly versatile: The device can directly load standard FFP probes (according to international standard 10cm). 2 The static cone penetrometer probe is designed with dimensions that are consistent with the FFP probe, which simply adds acceleration and other sensors inside the static cone penetrometer probe. Even for other specifications of FFP standard probes, the force transmission ring of the same size can be replaced. No customization, modification or special packaging is required. This solves the problem that existing pneumatic catapult devices need to use non-standard small-sized probes, which facilitates data comparison and result normalization.

[0073] 5. The triggering mechanism has reliable response and good repeatability: It adopts a mechanical disc inclined plane triggering device, which has high reliability of action and the triggering accuracy is strictly controlled by the adjustment structure. It can achieve consistency of test conditions in multiple tests and is suitable for repeated loading experimental research.

[0074] 6. Supports multi-point sliding to improve sample utilization: The sliding structure of the bottom guide rail of the device can realize repeated penetration tests at different positions on the same sample, effectively improving sample utilization efficiency, reducing test costs, and enhancing the statistical representativeness of test results.

[0075] 7. Convenient probe retrieval and high testing efficiency: The probe has a cable hole at the top, which, combined with electric or manual retrieval, allows for quick reset of the probe after ejection, eliminating the need to disassemble the probe or replace system components, thus greatly improving testing efficiency.

[0076] This utility model embodiment overcomes the problems of bulky structure, energy waste, and poor probe compatibility of traditional penetration loading equipment. It has significant improvements in projectile energy transfer efficiency, penetration speed control, test repeatability, and modular operation, and has good engineering application and scientific research promotion value.

[0077] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several equivalent substitutions or obvious modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications, with identical performance or use, should be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A catapult-type penetration mechanism, characterized in that, The device includes a support frame, a drive unit, a spring energy storage system, a probe, a release mechanism, and a base. The spring energy storage system includes a spring (10) and a compression spring component for compressing the spring (10). The release mechanism includes a height-adjustable disc trigger mechanism (4) and a spring hook (6) for gripping the probe. The release mechanism also includes a vertically arranged adjusting rod (7) and at least one adjusting nut (5) for locking the height of the disc trigger mechanism (4). The disc trigger mechanism (4) is sleeved on the adjusting rod (7), and the fixed height of the disc trigger mechanism (4) on the adjusting rod (7) is changed by turning the adjusting nut (5). The drive unit is mounted on the support frame and hinged to the spring hook (6) for driving the movement of the spring hook (6) and the probe it grips. A force transmission ring (8) is fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the probe. A sleeve (15) is nested outside the force transmission ring (8). The top of the force transmission ring (8) and the sleeve (15) are detachably connected and can slide in the sleeve (15). The sleeve (15) is fixedly connected to the compression spring member. When the driving device drives the spring hook (6) and the probe to lift upward, the force transmission ring (8) contacts the sleeve (15), lifts the sleeve (15) and the compression spring member fixedly connected to the sleeve (15) upward, and compresses the spring (10) to store energy. When the spring hook (6) moves to contact the disc trigger mechanism (4), it triggers the spring hook (6) to separate from the probe, and the spring (10) releases energy to drive the probe to eject. The base includes a guide rail (12) for fixing the ejector-type penetration mechanism to the test platform and a sliding member that cooperates with the guide rail (12).

2. The ejection-type penetration mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force transmission ring (8) is provided with an outer boss (801), the diameter of which is larger than the inner diameter of the top opening of the sleeve (15). The force transmission ring (8) is connected to the top of the sleeve (15) through the outer boss (801).

3. The ejection-type penetration mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spring hook (6) is hinged to the output end of the drive device and is equipped with an elastic element that makes it normally closed; the disc trigger mechanism (4) has a guide slope (401); when the spring hook (6) rises and contacts the guide slope (401), the spring hook (6) is opened to release the force transmission ring (8) and the probe.

4. The ejection-type penetration mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compression spring component is a rigid pressure plate; the spring (10) is sleeved outside the sleeve (15), its upper end is limited by the spring sleeve cover (16) fixed to the support frame, and its lower end acts on the compression spring component.

5. The ejection-type penetration mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe is a free-fall penetrator FFP probe (11).

6. The ejection-type penetration mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe has a retrieval hole at the top for connecting a retrieval cable.

7. An indoor geotechnical testing system, characterized in that, include: A model box for holding soil samples; a projectile-type penetration mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, mounted on the model box via its base, and capable of moving and positioning along the top of the model box; and a data acquisition device for receiving and processing data from sensors in the probe of the projectile-type penetration mechanism.

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