A quantum random number generation device and system

Abstract

The application provides a quantum random number generation device and system, and relates to the technical field of random number generation.The device comprises a power module, a quantum tunnel diode module, a comparison module and a counting module.The quantum tunnel diode module, the comparison module and the counting module are connected in sequence, and the quantum tunnel diode module, the comparison module and the counting module are all connected with the power module.The power module provides a reference voltage for the quantum tunnel diode module, the comparison module and the counting module.Under the action of the reference voltage, the quantum tunnel diode module generates a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect.The comparison module compares the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and outputs a comparison signal.The counting module counts the level state of the comparison signal to generate a quantum random number.The quantum random number generation device provided by the application greatly reduces the cost while ensuring that the generated random number has true randomness and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of random number generation technology, and more specifically, to a quantum random number generation device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Random numbers have significant applications in numerous fields, including cryptography, simulation, testing, address generation, and gaming. Most current random number generators are pseudo-random number generators, which essentially generate a deterministic, periodic sequence of numbers using specific algorithms. However, these pseudo-random numbers, based on mathematical formulas, are not truly random and may lead to deviations in random simulations and calculations. Furthermore, in the field of information security, using pseudo-random numbers as a key generation source poses potential security risks.

[0003] Quantum phenomena are considered ideal sources of randomness, a fact confirmed by physical theory. However, existing random number generators based on quantum effects are mainly implemented in optical systems, requiring precision components and suffering from problems such as complex structure, large footprint, and high cost.

[0004] In summary, how to reduce the manufacturing cost of random number generators while ensuring that the generated random numbers are truly random and reliable is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a quantum random number generation device and system, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the random number generator while ensuring the true randomness and reliability of the generated random numbers. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] On one hand, this application provides a quantum random number generation device, including: a power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparison module, and a counting module; the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are connected in sequence, and the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are all connected to the power supply module;

[0007] The power module is used to provide a reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparator module, and the counting module;

[0008] The quantum tunneling diode module is used to generate a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of the reference voltage.

[0009] The comparison module is used to compare the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and output a comparison signal;

[0010] The counting module is used to count the level states of the comparison signal in order to generate quantum random numbers.

[0011] Furthermore, the quantum tunneling diode module includes a first quantum tunneling diode assembly, a second quantum tunneling diode assembly, and an operational amplifier;

[0012] The first quantum tunneling diode assembly is connected to the first input terminal of the power supply module and the operational amplifier, respectively; the second quantum tunneling diode assembly is connected to the second input terminal of the power supply module and the operational amplifier, respectively; and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the input terminal of the comparison module.

[0013] The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first quantum tunneling diode component under the reference voltage.

[0014] The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second quantum tunneling diode component under the action of the reference voltage;

[0015] The operational amplifier is used to perform differential comparison between the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and amplify the comparison result to output the first voltage signal.

[0016] Furthermore, the first quantum tunneling diode assembly includes a first Zener diode and a first resistor, and the second quantum tunneling diode assembly includes a second Zener diode and a second resistor;

[0017] The cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply module, the anode of the first Zener diode is connected to one end of the first resistor and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the negative output terminal of the power supply module.

[0018] The cathode of the second Zener diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply module, the anode of the second Zener diode is connected to one end of the second resistor and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the negative output terminal of the power supply module.

[0019] The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first Zener diode under the action of the reference voltage and the first resistor;

[0020] The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second Zener diode under the action of the reference voltage and the second resistor;

[0021] Wherein, the reference voltage is greater than or equal to the Zener breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode and the Zener breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode.

[0022] Furthermore, the first quantum tunneling diode assembly further includes a third resistor, and the second quantum tunneling diode assembly further includes a fourth resistor;

[0023] One end of the third resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode.

[0024] One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second Zener diode.

[0025] Furthermore, the comparison module includes a comparator and a fifth resistor;

[0026] One end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the quantum tunneling diode module and the first input terminal of the comparator, respectively. The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply module and the second input terminal of the comparator, respectively. The output terminal of the comparator is connected to the input terminal of the counting module.

[0027] The first input terminal of the comparator is used to receive the first voltage signal output by the quantum tunneling diode module, the second input terminal of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage, and the output terminal of the comparator is used to output the comparison signal to the counting module.

[0028] When the first voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high-level comparison signal;

[0029] When the first voltage signal is less than or equal to the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low-level comparison signal.

[0030] Furthermore, the counting module includes a first flip-flop and a second flip-flop;

[0031] Both the first flip-flop and the second flip-flop are connected to the power module, and the clock input terminal of the first flip-flop is connected to the output terminal of the comparator, and the data output terminal of the first flip-flop is connected to the data input terminal of the second flip-flop.

[0032] The first flip-flop is used to count the high levels in the comparison signal and output a count signal to the second flip-flop; wherein, the count signal is used to characterize the parity of the current number of high levels; if the current number of high levels is odd, the count signal is 1; if the current number of high levels is even, the count signal is 0.

[0033] The second trigger is used to buffer and lock the output of the first trigger in order to output the quantum random number.

[0034] Furthermore, the quantum random number generation device also includes a data acquisition module;

[0035] The enable terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to the clock input terminal of the second flip-flop, and the data input terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to the data output terminal of the second flip-flop.

[0036] The data acquisition module is used to periodically read the output of the second trigger to obtain a random number sequence.

[0037] Furthermore, the first flip-flop is a JK flip-flop, and the second flip-flop is a D flip-flop.

[0038] Furthermore, the quantum random number generation device also includes a switch;

[0039] The input terminal of the power module is connected to an external power supply system via the switch, and the output terminal of the power module is connected to the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparator module, and the counting module, respectively.

[0040] When the switch is closed, the power supply module is used to convert the external power supply voltage into the reference voltage to power the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module, and the counting module outputs the quantum random number.

[0041] On the other hand, this application also provides a quantum random number generation system, which includes a quantum random number generation device as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0043] This application provides a quantum random number generation device and system. The device includes a power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparison module, and a counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module, comparison module, and counting module are connected sequentially, and all three modules are connected to the power supply module. The power supply module provides a reference voltage to the quantum tunneling diode module, comparison module, and counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module generates a first voltage signal with randomness based on the quantum tunneling effect under the reference voltage. The comparison module compares the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and outputs a comparison signal. The counting module counts the level states of the comparison signal to generate quantum random numbers.

[0044] This application utilizes the quantum tunneling effect of semiconductor diodes to construct a quantum random number generation device, ensuring that the quantum random numbers generated by the device possess true randomness and reliability. Furthermore, compared to existing quantum optical random number generators, the quantum random number generation device provided in this application does not require complex optical systems and precision components, but only needs to be constructed using common electrical components, offering advantages such as simple structure, small footprint, and low manufacturing cost. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] Figure 1 This is one of the structural block diagrams of a quantum random number generation device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 2 A second structural block diagram of a quantum random number generation device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a quantum tunneling diode module provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a comparison module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of a counting module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Icons: 10 - Quantum random number generator; 100 - Power supply module; 200 - Quantum tunneling diode module; 210 - First quantum tunneling diode assembly; 220 - Second quantum tunneling diode assembly; 300 - Comparison module; 400 - Counting module; 410 - First trigger; 420 - Second trigger; 500 - Data acquisition module; K - Switch; R1 - First resistor; R2 - Second resistor; R3 - Third resistor; R4 - Fourth resistor; R5 - Fifth resistor; D1 - First Zener diode; D2 - Second Zener diode; U1 - Operational amplifier; U2 - Comparator. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] In the description of this application, it should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. The term "connection" should be interpreted broadly, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0054] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0055] As described in the background section, most existing random number generators are pseudo-random number generators, unable to generate truly random numbers with genuine randomness. Meanwhile, current random number generators based on quantum optical effects suffer from problems such as complex structure, large footprint, and high cost. Therefore, how to reduce the manufacturing cost of random number generators while ensuring the true randomness and reliability of the generated random numbers is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0056] To resolve the above technical issues, please refer to Figure 1 This application provides a quantum random number generation device 10, including: a power supply module 100, a quantum tunneling diode module 200, a comparison module 300, and a counting module 400.

[0057] The quantum tunneling diode module 200, the comparator module 300, and the counting module 400 are connected in sequence, and the quantum tunneling diode module 200, the comparator module 300, and the counting module 400 are also connected to the power supply module 100.

[0058] The power supply module 100 is used to provide a reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module 200, the comparator module 300, and the counting module 400.

[0059] The quantum tunneling diode module 200 is used to generate a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of a reference voltage.

[0060] The comparison module 300 is used to compare the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and output a comparison signal.

[0061] The counting module 400 is used to count the level states of the comparison signal to generate quantum random numbers.

[0062] It should be noted that quantum tunneling is a typical quantum random phenomenon, in which electrons tunnel through potential barriers forbidden by classical theory in a probabilistic manner. The randomness of its tunneling behavior is determined by the nature of quantum mechanics and is unpredictable. This application utilizes the quantum tunneling effect of semiconductor diodes to construct a quantum random number generator 10, which ensures that the quantum random numbers generated by the device are truly random and reliable. Furthermore, compared with existing quantum optical random number generators, the quantum random number generator 10 provided in this application does not require complex optical path systems and precision components, but only needs to be constructed using common electrical components, which has the advantages of simple structure, small footprint, and low manufacturing cost.

[0063] Furthermore, to reduce the power consumption of the quantum random number generator 10, please refer to... Figure 2 In this embodiment of the application, the quantum random number generation device 10 further includes a switch K.

[0064] The input terminals (IN+ and IN-) of the power module 100 are connected to the external power supply system via switch K, and the output terminals (OUT+ and OUT-) of the power module 100 are connected to the quantum tunneling diode module 200, the comparator module 300 and the counting module 400, respectively.

[0065] When quantum random numbers need to be generated, switch K is closed, and power module 100 converts the external supply voltage into a reference voltage to power quantum tunneling diode module 200, comparison module 300, and counting module 400. For example, if the external supply voltage is 5V and the internal components are powered by 3.3V, then power module 100 will step down the 5.5V to 3.3V after switch K is closed. At this time, the quantum random number generator 10 is powered on, and counting module 400 outputs quantum random numbers.

[0066] When quantum random number generation is not required, switch K is turned off, and the quantum random number generator 10 is in a power-off sleep state, completely cutting off the power supply to avoid unnecessary energy loss.

[0067] Based on the above design, this application achieves rapid switching and low-latency initialization by controlling the power-on and power-off of the quantum random number generator 10 through switch K. This on-demand power supply mechanism significantly reduces overall power consumption, while also reducing circuit heating and device aging, improving device lifespan, and further reducing the long-term operating cost of the quantum random number generator 10.

[0068] Furthermore, in practical applications, it was found that the reference voltage provided by the power module 100 changes with time, temperature and other environmental factors. That is, the actual reference voltage is unstable and may fluctuate within a certain range, which affects the quality of the comparison signal output by the comparison module 300 and reduces the reliability of the final output quantum random number.

[0069] In view of this, in order to mitigate the impact of environmental factors and further improve the reliability of the output quantum random numbers, in an optional embodiment, the quantum tunneling diode module 200 includes a voltage generation module and a differential amplifier module. The first and second input terminals of the voltage generation module are both connected to the power supply module 100, the first output terminal of the voltage generation module is connected to the first input terminal of the differential amplifier module, the second output terminal of the voltage generation module is connected to the second input terminal of the differential amplifier module, and the output terminal of the differential amplifier module is connected to the input terminal of the comparison module 300.

[0070] The power supply module 100 is used to provide a reference voltage to the first and second input terminals of the voltage generation module.

[0071] The first input terminal of the differential amplifier module is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first output terminal of the voltage generation module under the action of the reference voltage.

[0072] The second input terminal of the differential amplifier module is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second output terminal of the voltage generation module under the action of the reference voltage.

[0073] The differential amplifier module is used to perform differential comparison between the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and amplify the comparison result to output the first voltage signal.

[0074] Therefore, under the influence of the reference voltage, the first and second output terminals of the voltage generation module generate random second and third voltage signals respectively based on the quantum tunneling effect. The differential amplification module performs differential comparison and amplification of the second and third voltage signals, ultimately outputting a random first voltage signal. Since the first voltage signal is obtained by differential amplification of two independent voltage signals (i.e., the second and third voltage signals), when the comparison module 300 compares the reference voltage and the first voltage signal, the change in the reference voltage will simultaneously affect the first and second input terminals of the comparison module 300. This ensures consistent signal influence at both input terminals, mitigating environmental impacts and ensuring strong environmental adaptability of the final output quantum random number.

[0075] In another alternative implementation, please refer to Figure 3 The quantum tunneling diode module 200 includes: a first quantum tunneling diode assembly 210, a second quantum tunneling diode assembly 220, and an operational amplifier U1.

[0076] The first quantum tunneling diode assembly 210 is connected to the first input terminal of the power supply module 100 and the operational amplifier U1, respectively. The second quantum tunneling diode assembly 220 is connected to the second input terminal of the power supply module 100 and the operational amplifier U1, respectively. The output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the input terminal of the comparator module 300. Optionally, the operational amplifier U1 can be a differential operational amplifier U1.

[0077] The first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first quantum tunneling diode component 210 under the action of the reference voltage.

[0078] The second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second quantum tunneling diode assembly 220 under the action of the reference voltage.

[0079] Operational amplifier U1 is used to perform differential comparison between the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and amplify the comparison result to output the first voltage signal.

[0080] Based on the above design, this application obtains two independent voltage signals by setting a first quantum tunneling diode component 210 and a second quantum tunneling diode component 220. The second and third voltage signals are then differentially compared and amplified by an operational amplifier U1, ultimately outputting the first voltage signal. This minimizes the contamination of the voltage signal by other signals, reducing the complexity of the circuit design. Furthermore, when the comparison module 300 compares the reference voltage with the first voltage signal, changes in the reference voltage simultaneously affect both the first and second input terminals of the comparison module 300. This ensures consistent signal impact at both input terminals, significantly reducing interference from radio frequency energy and power supply ripple, mitigating environmental influences, and ensuring strong environmental adaptability of the final output quantum random number.

[0081] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the first quantum tunneling diode assembly 210 includes a first Zener diode D1 and a first resistor R1, and the second quantum tunneling diode assembly 220 includes a second Zener diode D2 and a second resistor R2.

[0082] The cathode of the first Zener diode D1 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power supply module 100, the anode of the first Zener diode D1 is connected to one end of the first resistor R1 and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the negative output terminal OUT- of the power supply module 100.

[0083] The cathode of the second Zener diode D2 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power supply module 100. The anode of the second Zener diode D2 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1. The other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the negative output terminal OUT- of the power supply module 100.

[0084] The first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first Zener diode D1 under the action of the reference voltage and the first resistor R1.

[0085] The second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second Zener diode D2 under the action of the reference voltage and the second resistor R2.

[0086] Wherein, the reference voltage ≥ Zener breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode D1 = Zener breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode D2.

[0087] As can be seen, when switch K is closed, the power module 100 applies a reference voltage to the reverse-biased first Zener diode D1 and second Zener diode D2. Since the reference voltage ≥ the Zener breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode D1 = the Zener breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode D2, both the first Zener diode D1 and the second Zener diode D2 are in a Zener breakdown state. In this state, due to the quantum tunneling effect, the first Zener diode D1 and the second Zener diode D2 will generate a first tunneling current and a second tunneling current, respectively (since the quantum tunneling process is random, the current generated by it is also random). The first tunneling current generated by the first Zener diode D1 is converted into a random second voltage signal through the first resistor R1, and the second tunneling current generated by the second Zener diode D2 is converted into a random third voltage signal through the second resistor R2. Finally, the operational amplifier U1 performs a differential comparison on the two independent second and third voltage signals and amplifies the comparison result to obtain the difference voltage between the two voltage signals, i.e., the first voltage signal.

[0088] In addition, to prevent thermal breakdown of the first Zener diode D1 and the second Zener diode D2, in this embodiment of the application, the first quantum tunneling diode assembly 210 further includes a third resistor R3, and the second quantum tunneling diode assembly 220 further includes a fourth resistor R4.

[0089] One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power module 100, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode D1.

[0090] One end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power module 100, and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the cathode of the second Zener diode D2.

[0091] Further, please refer to Figure 4 As an optional implementation, the comparison module 300 includes a comparator U2 and a fifth resistor R5.

[0092] One end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the output terminal of the quantum tunneling diode module 200 and the first input terminal of the comparator U2, respectively. The other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power supply module 100 and the second input terminal (i.e., the reference terminal) of the comparator U2, respectively. The output terminal of the comparator U2 is connected to the input terminal of the counting module 400.

[0093] The first input terminal of comparator U2 is used to receive the first voltage signal output by the quantum tunneling diode module 200, the second input terminal of comparator U2 is connected to the reference voltage, and the output terminal of comparator U2 is used to output a comparison signal to the counting module 400. This comparison signal is a square wave signal.

[0094] When the first voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage, comparator U2 outputs a high-level comparison signal; when the first voltage signal is less than or equal to the reference voltage, comparator U2 outputs a low-level comparison signal.

[0095] Understandably, this application compares the first voltage signal and the reference voltage using comparator U2 and outputs a comparison signal to the counting module 400. If the current first voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage, a high level is output; otherwise, a low level is output.

[0096] In one alternative implementation, please refer to Figure 5 The counting module 400 includes a first trigger 410 and a second trigger 420.

[0097] The first flip-flop 410 and the second flip-flop 420 are both connected to the power supply module 100, and the clock input terminal CP of the first flip-flop 410 is connected to the output terminal of the comparator U2, and the data output terminal Q of the first flip-flop 410 is connected to the data input terminal D of the second flip-flop 420.

[0098] The first flip-flop 410 counts the high levels in the comparison signal and outputs a count signal to the second flip-flop 420. The count signal is used to characterize the parity of the current number of high levels. For example, if the current number of high levels is odd, the count signal is 1 (i.e., high level); conversely, if the current number of high levels is even, the count signal is 0 (i.e., low level).

[0099] The second trigger 420 is used to buffer and lock the output of the first trigger 410 in order to output a quantum random number.

[0100] It should be noted that there are many types of first trigger 410 and second trigger 420. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific types of first trigger 410 and second trigger 420, as long as the first trigger 410 can count the high level in the comparison signal and output a count signal representing the parity of the current number of high level to the second trigger 420, and the second trigger 420 can buffer and lock the output of the first trigger 410.

[0101] For example, the first flip-flop 410 may be a JK flip-flop, a T flip-flop, a D flip-flop, or a counter chip. The second flip-flop 420 may be a D flip-flop, a register, a latch, or a buffer chip. Preferably, the first flip-flop 410 is a JK flip-flop, and the second flip-flop 420 is a D flip-flop.

[0102] In another optional embodiment, the quantum random number generator 10 further includes a data acquisition module 500. The enable terminal of the data acquisition module 500 is connected to the clock input terminal CP of the second flip-flop 420, and the data input terminal of the data acquisition module 500 is connected to the data output terminal Q of the second flip-flop 420.

[0103] The data acquisition module 500 is used to periodically read the output of the second trigger 420 to obtain a random number sequence.

[0104] Understandably, the data acquisition module 500 sends an instruction to the clock input terminal CP of the second flip-flop 420 as needed to periodically collect the output of the second flip-flop 420, thereby obtaining a random number sequence of a specified length.

[0105] Optionally, the data acquisition module 500 can be a host computer, a microcontroller, a programmable logic controller, or a microprocessor, etc.

[0106] Furthermore, this application also provides a quantum random number generation system, which includes the quantum random number generation device 10 described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0107] In summary, this application provides a quantum random number generation device and system, comprising: a power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparison module, and a counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module, comparison module, and counting module are connected sequentially, and all three are connected to the power supply module. The power supply module provides a reference voltage to the quantum tunneling diode module, comparison module, and counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module generates a first voltage signal with randomness based on the quantum tunneling effect under the reference voltage. The comparison module compares the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and outputs a comparison signal. The counting module counts the level states of the comparison signal to generate quantum random numbers. This application utilizes the quantum tunneling effect of semiconductor diodes to construct a quantum random number generation device, ensuring that the quantum random numbers generated by the device have true randomness and reliability. Furthermore, compared to existing quantum optical random number generators, the quantum random number generation device provided in this application does not require complex optical path systems and precision components, but only needs to be constructed using common electrical components, offering advantages such as simple structure, small footprint, and low manufacturing cost.

[0108] Furthermore, this application achieves rapid switching and low-latency initialization by controlling the power-on and power-off of the quantum random number generator via a switch. This on-demand power supply mechanism significantly reduces overall power consumption, while also reducing circuit heating and device aging, increasing device lifespan, and further lowering the long-term operating cost of the quantum random number generator. By setting two quantum tunneling diode components to generate a second and a third voltage signal respectively, and then using an operational amplifier to perform differential comparison of the two voltage signals and amplify the comparison result to obtain the first voltage signal, interference from radio frequency energy and power supply ripple is greatly reduced, and the generated entropy source data samples have high entropy values ​​and strong environmental adaptability.

[0109] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

[0110] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this application is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that this application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this application is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this application. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generation apparatus, characterized by, include: The system includes a power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparator module, and a counting module; the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparator module, and the counting module are connected in sequence, and each of the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparator module, and the counting module is connected to the power supply module. The power module is used to provide a reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparator module, and the counting module; The quantum tunneling diode module is used to generate a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of the reference voltage. The comparison module is used to compare the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and output a comparison signal; The counting module is used to count the level states of the comparison signal in order to generate quantum random numbers.

2. The quantum random number generation device of claim 1, wherein, The quantum tunneling diode module includes a first quantum tunneling diode assembly, a second quantum tunneling diode assembly, and an operational amplifier; The first quantum tunneling diode assembly is connected to the first input terminal of the power supply module and the operational amplifier, respectively; the second quantum tunneling diode assembly is connected to the second input terminal of the power supply module and the operational amplifier, respectively; and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the input terminal of the comparison module. The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first quantum tunneling diode component under the reference voltage. The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second quantum tunneling diode component under the action of the reference voltage; The operational amplifier is used to perform differential comparison between the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and amplify the comparison result to output the first voltage signal.

3. The quantum random number generation device of claim 2, wherein, The first quantum tunneling diode assembly includes a first Zener diode and a first resistor, and the second quantum tunneling diode assembly includes a second Zener diode and a second resistor; The cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply module, the anode of the first Zener diode is connected to one end of the first resistor and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the negative output terminal of the power supply module. The cathode of the second Zener diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply module, the anode of the second Zener diode is connected to one end of the second resistor and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the negative output terminal of the power supply module. The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first Zener diode under the action of the reference voltage and the first resistor; The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second Zener diode under the action of the reference voltage and the second resistor; Wherein, the reference voltage is greater than or equal to the Zener breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode and the Zener breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode.

4. The quantum random number generation device of claim 3, wherein, The first quantum tunneling diode assembly further includes a third resistor, and the second quantum tunneling diode assembly further includes a fourth resistor; One end of the third resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode. One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second Zener diode.

5. The quantum random number generation device of claim 1, wherein, The comparison module includes a comparator and a fifth resistor; One end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the quantum tunneling diode module and the first input terminal of the comparator, respectively. The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply module and the second input terminal of the comparator, respectively. The output terminal of the comparator is connected to the input terminal of the counting module. The first input terminal of the comparator is used to receive the first voltage signal output by the quantum tunneling diode module, the second input terminal of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage, and the output terminal of the comparator is used to output the comparison signal to the counting module. When the first voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high-level comparison signal; When the first voltage signal is less than or equal to the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low-level comparison signal.

6. The quantum random number generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The counting module includes a first trigger and a second trigger; Both the first flip-flop and the second flip-flop are connected to the power module, and the clock input terminal of the first flip-flop is connected to the output terminal of the comparator, and the data output terminal of the first flip-flop is connected to the data input terminal of the second flip-flop. The first flip-flop is used to count the high levels in the comparison signal and output a count signal to the second flip-flop; wherein, the count signal is used to characterize the parity of the current number of high levels; if the current number of high levels is odd, the count signal is 1; if the current number of high levels is even, the count signal is 0. The second trigger is used to buffer and lock the output of the first trigger in order to output the quantum random number.

7. The quantum random number generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The quantum random number generation device also includes a data acquisition module; The enable terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to the clock input terminal of the second flip-flop, and the data input terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to the data output terminal of the second flip-flop. The data acquisition module is used to periodically read the output of the second trigger to obtain a random number sequence.

8. The quantum random number generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first flip-flop is a JK flip-flop, and the second flip-flop is a D flip-flop.

9. The quantum random number generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quantum random number generator also includes a switch; The input terminal of the power module is connected to an external power supply system via the switch, and the output terminal of the power module is connected to the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparator module, and the counting module, respectively. When the switch is closed, the power supply module is used to convert the external power supply voltage into the reference voltage to power the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module, and the counting module outputs the quantum random number.

10. A quantum random number generation system, characterized in that, The quantum random number generation system includes the quantum random number generation apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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