Bridge anti-collision device based on coupling of shear hardening and negative poisson's ratio effect

Abstract

The utility model discloses a bridge anti -collision device based on the coupling of shear hardening and negative poisson's ratio effect, including a plurality of energy -absorbing box and a plurality of fixed ring, a plurality of energy -absorbing box evenly is placed in the outside of pier and is closely spliced between adjacent energy -absorbing box, a plurality of fixed ring is evenly placed on the outer ring surface of pier and is in the embrace shape, and the fixed ring between adjacent is closely connected to be connected into a whole around pier, and the energy -absorbing box is buckled on the outside of fixed ring, and the bolt for fixing energy -absorbing box and fixed ring is inserted between energy -absorbing box and fixed ring from top to bottom, the utility model relates to building safety protection technical field, through the collaborative energy -absorbing mechanism of the introduction of negative poisson's ratio effect and shear hardening effect, the bridge anti -collision device of structure stable, energy -absorbing efficient has been constructed, and simultaneously through the modularization and the bolt type design, the quick dismounting and partial replacement function of device have been realized, and maintenance difficulty and cost have been reduced, have good engineering applicability and popularization prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building safety protection technology, specifically a bridge anti-collision device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid urbanization in my country, urban three-dimensional transportation networks are continuously expanding, and the density of bridge structures, represented by viaducts, has significantly increased. Bridge piers, as the core load-bearing components of bridges, are constantly exposed to the risk of vehicle collisions. Impact accidents can not only cause structural damage but also result in injuries or fatalities to vehicle occupants. Therefore, how to better ensure structural safety while simultaneously reducing human casualties has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Passive collision avoidance devices, used to isolate or absorb impact energy, offer high long-term stability, simple structure, and low cost. They do not rely on external energy sources or complex control systems, making them an ideal choice for bridge protection. Current research on collision avoidance devices has shifted from rigid devices with simple structures to flexible devices made of composite materials. The aim is to achieve lightweight design while improving energy absorption capacity, thereby ensuring both structural and personnel safety. However, existing composite material collision avoidance devices generally use traditional porous structures as the energy-absorbing core layer, resulting in limited energy absorption. Furthermore, their mostly integrated design necessitates complete replacement after impact loads, significantly increasing maintenance costs.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to combine current smart materials and advanced structures to design a new type of bridge anti-collision device with excellent energy absorption capacity and convenient maintenance and replacement. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effects. Through the mechanical coupling of the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing frame and the shear stiffening composite energy-absorbing core, the energy absorption capacity of the device is significantly improved. While better protecting the bridge piers, it can effectively reduce the impact damage to colliding vehicles and occupants. At the same time, it adopts a modular assembly design and has the function of replacing and maintaining local components, which has significant engineering application value.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: a bridge anti-collision device based on the coupling of shear stiffness and negative Poisson's ratio effect, comprising an energy-absorbing box, a fixing ring, and a pin;

[0007] Energy-absorbing boxes are evenly placed on the outer side of the bridge pier and adjacent energy-absorbing boxes are tightly spliced ​​together. Several fixing rings are evenly placed on the outer ring surface of the bridge pier in a ring shape. Adjacent fixing rings are tightly connected to form a whole around the bridge pier. The energy-absorbing boxes are fastened to the outer side of the fixing rings. Pins for fixing the energy-absorbing boxes and fixing rings are inserted from top to bottom between the energy-absorbing boxes and fixing rings.

[0008] Preferably, the energy-absorbing box includes a box body and a box cover. The box body is placed on the outside of the fixing ring. The top of the inner cavity of the box body is provided with an arc-shaped opening. The box cover is fastened to the arc-shaped opening. A negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton is inserted in the inner cavity of the box body. A trapezoidal groove and an arc-shaped protrusion are opened on the inner ring surface of the box body.

[0009] The box body has an arc-shaped opening, a lid, and a trapezoidal groove. The inner sides of these features are provided with round holes to accommodate the pins.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the fixing ring is integrally formed with an upper connecting plate, and the upper connecting plate has upper connecting ears at both ends. The bottom of the fixing ring is integrally formed with an outwardly flared arc-shaped groove, and the arc-shaped groove has lower connecting ears at both ends. The outer middle of the fixing ring is integrally formed with a trapezoidal protrusion. Adjacent pairs of fixing rings are fixedly connected by bolts through the upper connecting ears and the lower connecting ears; thus realizing that several fixing rings encircle the bridge pier and are connected as a whole.

[0011] The upper connecting plate and the trapezoidal protrusion are provided with round holes for accommodating the pin.

[0012] Preferably, a trapezoidal groove is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the box body, and an arc-shaped protrusion is integrally formed at the lower end of the box body and on the side close to the fixing ring. After the trapezoidal groove and the trapezoidal protrusion are fitted together, a pin is inserted to fix the box body and the fixing ring together.

[0013] Preferably, the lower side of the outer ring surface of the fixing ring is provided with an arc-shaped groove, which is engaged with the arc-shaped protrusion to fix the box body on the fixing ring.

[0014] Preferably, the energy-absorbing box is an overall fan-shaped annular prism with a horizontal cross-section in the shape of a fan ring, and the central angle of each fan-shaped annular cross-section is equal;

[0015] The negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton is formed by stretching a two-dimensional arc-shaped concave honeycomb along the vertical direction, and the shape of the arc-shaped concave honeycomb is the same as the inner cavity of the energy-absorbing box.

[0016] The negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton is concave honeycomb in shape, and the interior of the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton is filled with a shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core.

[0017] Preferably, the shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core is prepared by cutting shear-hardening foam according to the pore shape of a negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton. Beneficial effects

[0018] This invention provides a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. Highly efficient energy absorption, mitigating peak impact:

[0020] The energy-absorbing box in this device adopts a sandwich structure, consisting of a rigid outer shell and an inner energy-absorbing core layer. The outer shell disperses impact loads and resists penetration damage, while the synergistic effect of the internal negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton and shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core enhances energy absorption. Through large deformation, it effectively prolongs the collision time and reduces the peak stress on the bridge pier, achieving excellent impact buffering effect.

[0021] 2. Synergistic energy absorption mechanism enhances collision avoidance performance:

[0022] The energy-absorbing core layer consists of a negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton and a shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core. Under impact load, the two generate mechanical coupling. The former undergoes plastic deformation on a plane perpendicular to the impact load, contracting towards the impact area and absorbing energy. The latter is subjected to pressure during the negative Poisson's ratio contraction process of the skeleton, resulting in a shear-hardening effect that further consumes energy. At the same time, it provides support and stability to the skeleton. The two form a mechanical synergy mechanism, which significantly improves the overall energy absorption efficiency.

[0023] 3. The detachable structure facilitates maintenance and replacement, and reduces maintenance costs:

[0024] The energy-absorbing box features a standardized and modular design, facilitating mass production and transportation in the industrial sector. It achieves mechanical connection through pins and retaining rings, ensuring structural stability while improving the efficiency of on-site assembly and disassembly. This allows for quick replacement of damaged parts after an accident without replacing the entire anti-collision structure, reducing maintenance complexity and enhancing the system's economy and sustainable usability, making it suitable for practical engineering maintenance needs. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect.

[0026] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect;

[0027] Figure 3 A top view of a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect;

[0028] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect;

[0029] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixed ring in a bridge anti-collision device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect;

[0030] Figure 6 An exploded view of the energy-absorbing box in a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the energy-absorbing box in a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect.

[0032] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the energy-absorbing box in a bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect;

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Energy-absorbing box; 2. Fixing ring; 3. Pin; 333. Circular hole; 11. Box cover; 12. Box body; 13. Negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing frame; 14. Shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core; 15. Trapezoidal groove; 16. Arc-shaped protrusion; 21. Upper connecting plate; 211. Upper connecting ear; 22. Trapezoidal protrusion; 23. Arc-shaped groove; 24. Lower connecting plate; 241. Lower connecting ear. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0035] Those skilled in the art can connect the components in this case sequentially. The specific connection and operation sequence should refer to the working principle described below. The detailed connection methods are well-known technologies in the field. The working principle and process are mainly described below.

[0036] Please see Figure 1-8 This utility model provides a technical solution: a bridge anti-collision device based on the coupling of shear stiffness and negative Poisson's ratio effect, including an energy-absorbing box 1, a fixing ring 2 and a pin 3;

[0037] Energy-absorbing boxes 1 are evenly placed on the outer side of the bridge pier and adjacent energy-absorbing boxes 1 are tightly spliced ​​together. Several fixing rings 2 are evenly placed on the outer ring surface of the bridge pier in a ring shape. Adjacent fixing rings 2 are tightly connected to form a whole around the bridge pier. The energy-absorbing box 1 is fastened to the outer side of the fixing ring 2. Pins 3 for fixing the energy-absorbing box 1 and the fixing ring 2 are inserted from top to bottom between the energy-absorbing box 1 and the fixing ring 2.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in actual use, there are eight energy-absorbing boxes and four fixing rings. At this time, one fixing ring corresponds to two energy-absorbing boxes. Of course, they can also be staggered, which can also improve the connection between structures.

[0039] If some bridge piers become thicker, the curvature of the energy-absorbing boxes and fixing rings can be adjusted and the number can be changed. The above-mentioned 4 fixing rings and 8 energy-absorbing boxes are just one example. Of course, if the bridge piers are too tall, the energy-absorbing boxes and fixing rings can continue to be stacked upwards. For example, if the height of the energy-absorbing box is two meters and the bridge pier is ten meters, then five layers of anti-collision devices need to be stacked upwards to wrap the bridge pier.

[0040] In another scenario, the energy-absorbing box doesn't necessarily have to completely enclose the bridge pier, because the pier might only be impacted from one direction. In this case, using half the number of fixing rings and the energy-absorbing box is sufficient, and the other side can be secured with wire.

[0041] Specifically, shear-hardening materials, as a type of intelligent polymer material, exhibit dynamic mechanical properties that respond to changes in external load conditions, demonstrating excellent strain rate sensitivity and energy absorption performance. Under impact loads, shear-hardening materials exhibit a shear-hardening effect, significantly increasing their stiffness and modulus while absorbing a large amount of energy in the process; conversely, when the load is removed, the material can quickly return to its original state, exhibiting reversible characteristics. Shear-hardening materials possess advantages such as stable performance, simple preparation processes, and excellent energy absorption capacity, making them uniquely valuable in the field of impact protection; however, their inherent cold flow characteristics limit further applications.

[0042] Negative Poisson's ratio structures, as typical mechanical metamaterials, exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio effect under impact loads. Upon impact, they contract towards the impact region, forming a locally densed area with excellent energy absorption performance. Simultaneously, negative Poisson's ratio structures possess high porosity, maintaining low mass while exhibiting excellent energy absorption efficiency, meeting the requirements of impact-resistant materials. However, negative Poisson's ratio structures have insufficient lateral stiffness, potentially leading to instability during deformation, causing the failure of negative Poisson's ratio characteristics and a decrease in energy absorption capacity.

[0043] Example 1: The energy-absorbing box 1 includes a box body 12 and a box cover 11. The box body 12 is placed on the outside of the fixing ring 2. The top of the inner cavity of the box body 12 is provided with an arc-shaped opening. The box cover 11 is fastened to the arc-shaped opening. A negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton 13 is inserted in the inner cavity of the box body 12. A trapezoidal groove 15 and an arc-shaped protrusion 16 are opened on the inner ring surface of the box body 12.

[0044] The inner sides of the box body 12, the box cover 11, and the trapezoidal groove 15 are all provided with round holes 333 to accommodate the pin 3.

[0045] Specifically, when a negative Poisson's ratio material is under compression, its unique negative Poisson's ratio effect causes the material to contract and aggregate towards the compression zone. This densification effect allows more material to participate in load-bearing, thus significantly enhancing its energy absorption capacity. Meanwhile, shear-hardening materials are soft when static but rapidly harden upon high-speed impact, exhibiting excellent impact resistance. When these two are coupled, at the moment a vehicle collides with a bridge pier, they can rapidly absorb and dissipate a large amount of impact energy, effectively protecting the safety of both the bridge pier and the vehicle, and reducing the risk of damage.

[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the energy-absorbing box 1 consists of a box cover 11, a box body 12, a negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing frame 13, a shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core 14, a trapezoidal groove 15, and an arc-shaped protrusion 16; the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing frame 13 is placed in the cavity of the energy-absorbing box 1, and the shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core 14 fills the pores of the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing frame 13; the box cover 11 and the box body 12 are connected by bolts.

[0047] Example 2: The top of the fixing ring 2 is integrally formed with an upper connecting plate 21, and the upper connecting plate 21 has upper connecting ears 211 at both ends. The lower end of the fixing ring 2 is integrally formed with an outwardly flared arc-shaped groove 23, and the arc-shaped groove 23 has lower connecting ears 24 at both ends. The outer middle of the fixing ring 2 is integrally formed with a trapezoidal protrusion 22. Adjacent pairs of fixing rings 2 are fixedly connected by bolts through the upper connecting ears 211 and the lower connecting ears 241; thus, several fixing rings 2 are connected to the bridge pier as a whole.

[0048] The upper connecting plate 21 and the trapezoidal protrusion 22 are provided with round holes 333 for accommodating the pin 3.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the design of the upper connecting plate 21 and the lower connecting plate 24 of the fixing ring 2 enables multiple fixing rings 2 to reliably surround the bridge pier to form an integral structure. This structure is connected using high-strength bolts, providing sufficient structural strength and stability under impact. Simultaneously, the integrally molded connecting plate avoids stress concentration problems that may arise from traditional welding, improving the structure's durability and ease of on-site installation. The stable connection of the fixing rings 2 also provides a solid foundation for the external installation of the energy-absorbing box 1, ensuring that the energy-absorbing box 1 will not detach or shift after impact.

[0050] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the fixing ring 2 is a 90° arc shape, and from top to bottom it includes an upper connecting plate 21, a trapezoidal protrusion 22, an arc-shaped groove 23 and a lower connecting plate 24; adjacent fixing rings 2 are fixed with a pair of adjacent upper connecting plates 21 and a pair of lower connecting plates 24 by high-strength bolts, thereby connecting them around the bridge pier to form a whole.

[0051] Furthermore, the fixing ring 2 can be lined with rubber or polymer material on the contact surface with the pier, and fixed to the pier by friction; it can also be fixed by chemical anchors or expansion bolts.

[0052] Furthermore, the fixing ring 2 is made of one or more fiber-reinforced composite materials such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber, which have advantages such as light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance.

[0053] Example 3: A trapezoidal groove 15 is provided on the inner ring surface of the box body 12. An arc-shaped protrusion 16 is integrally formed at the lower end of the box body 12 and on the side close to the fixing ring 2. After the trapezoidal groove 15 and the trapezoidal protrusion 22 are fitted together, a pin 3 is inserted to fix the box body 12 and the fixing ring 2 together.

[0054] The lower side of the outer ring surface of the fixing ring 2 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 23, which is engaged with the arc-shaped protrusion 16 to fix the box body 12 on the fixing ring 2.

[0055] Specifically, this embodiment, based on the original fastening connection between the energy-absorbing box 1 and the fixing ring 2, further designs a trapezoidal concave-convex interlocking structure and an arc-shaped concave-convex interlocking structure between the energy-absorbing box 1 and the fixing ring 2. Combined with the pin 3, this achieves a multi-point, multi-directional mechanical fixing method, effectively improving installation stability. The interlocking structure utilizes the geometric self-locking principle to effectively prevent the energy-absorbing box 1 from slipping or falling off due to vibration or inertia during impact. The composite interlocking design formed by the interlocking structure and the pin 3 achieves stronger shear and pull-out resistance, while also possessing self-aligning characteristics during assembly, simplifying the assembly process.

[0056] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the bottom arc-shaped protrusion 16 of the energy-absorbing box 1 is embedded in the arc-shaped groove 23 at the bottom of the fixing ring 2. The trapezoidal groove 15 in the middle of the energy-absorbing box 1 is engaged with the trapezoidal protrusion 22 in the middle of the fixing ring 2. The pin 3 passes through the hole from top to bottom to connect and fix the energy-absorbing box 1 and the fixing ring 2. When assembling adjacent energy-absorbing boxes 1, they are tightly spliced ​​to ensure that there are no gaps between them.

[0057] The number and diameter of the pins 3 are determined according to the mass of the energy-absorbing box 1; the pins 3 are made of high-strength materials such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0058] Example 4: The energy-absorbing box 1 is a fan-shaped annular prism with a horizontal cross-section in the shape of a fan ring, and the central angle of each fan-shaped annular cross-section is equal;

[0059] The negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton 13 is formed by stretching a two-dimensional arc-shaped concave honeycomb along the vertical direction, and the shape of the arc-shaped concave honeycomb is the same as the inner cavity of the energy-absorbing box 1.

[0060] The negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton 13 is concave honeycomb in shape, and the interior of the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton 13 is filled with a shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core 14.

[0061] The shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core 14 is prepared by cutting shear-hardening foam according to the pore shape of the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton 13.

[0062] Specifically, this embodiment further optimizes the structural shape and internal structure. The energy-absorbing box 1 is designed as a fan-shaped annular prism, which can better fit with the outer wall of the cylindrical bridge pier, ensuring a tight installation. The negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing frame 13 adopts an arc-shaped concave honeycomb structure that matches the inner cavity of the energy-absorbing box 1. After vertical stretching, it forms a three-dimensional structure, which not only has a high degree of fit, but also provides a more balanced response in all directions under stress. In addition, the shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core 14 has the same pore shape as the frame, further improving the fit and structural integrity, so that the overall device has higher energy dissipation efficiency and more stable deformation response during impact.

[0063] Furthermore, such as Figures 7 to 8 As shown, the energy-absorbing box 1 is a fan-shaped annular prism with a horizontal cross-section in the shape of a fan ring. The central angle of each fan-shaped annular cross-section is 45°. The height of the energy-absorbing box 1 is determined according to the size of the bridge pier and the requirements for collision protection.

[0064] Furthermore, the lid 11 and the body 12 are made of one or more fiber-reinforced composite materials with a thickness of 1 to 3 cm.

[0065] Furthermore, reflective film can be attached to the outside of the energy-absorbing box 1 to serve as a warning to vehicles.

[0066] like Figures 6 to 7 As shown, the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton 13 is formed by stretching a two-dimensional arc-shaped concave honeycomb along the vertical direction. The inner and outer diameters of the arc-shaped concave honeycomb are determined according to the cavity size of the energy-absorbing box 1. The two-dimensional arc-shaped concave honeycomb is formed by arranging multiple concave honeycomb cells along the circumferential and radial directions. The geometric parameters and materials of the concave honeycomb cells are determined according to the available space and collision protection requirements of the internal cavity of the energy-absorbing box 1.

[0067] Furthermore, the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton 13 can be prepared by overlapping and bonding single-layer aluminum alloy plates made through processes such as molding, with the thickness of the single-layer plate being 1 to 3 mm.

[0068] The shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core 14 in the energy-absorbing box 1 is prepared by cutting shear-hardening foam according to the pore shape of the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton 13. The preparation method of the shear-hardening foam is as follows: first, the shear-hardening material is uniformly dispersed in the polyol component of the polyurethane foam by mechanical stirring, and then it is mixed with the isocyanate component at high speed in a mold, and finally foamed and molded. By incorporating the shear-hardening material into the polyurethane foam, the cold flow defect of the shear-hardening material is suppressed, and the energy absorption performance of the foam is enhanced.

[0069] Furthermore, the mass fraction of the shear-hardening material is 5% to 20%, and the mass ratio of the polyol mixture component to the isocyanate component during mixed foaming is 3:1.

[0070] The shear-hardening material is formed by cross-linking silicone oil, boric acid, and nanoparticles at a temperature of 160°C to 200°C for 6 to 8 hours. The mass ratio of silicone oil to boric acid is 20:1 to 10:1, and the type and mass fraction of nanoparticles are added as needed.

[0071] This invention first incorporates a shear-hardening material into polyurethane foam during the foaming process, using the polyurethane foam as the skeleton of the shear-hardening material to solve its cold flow defect. Then, the shear-hardening foam is used as a composite energy-absorbing core to fill the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton, further improving the overall energy absorption capacity while maintaining the stability of the skeleton's deformation. Figure 7 As shown, under impact loads, the box structure has high stiffness, which can distribute the impact load over a larger area. The negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing frame first generates a negative Poisson's ratio effect, with material converging towards the impact area and absorbing energy through plastic deformation. Then, the shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core deforms under the pressure of the frame towards the impact area, and the shear-hardening material inside generates a shear-hardening effect, absorbing a large amount of energy. In addition, the filling of the shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core can also provide reverse support for the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing frame, improving the lateral stiffness of the structure and ensuring the stable generation of the negative Poisson's ratio effect. At the same time, the anti-collision device adopts a modular design, and the modules can be quickly assembled. While meeting the conditions for industrial mass production, it also supports the rapid replacement and maintenance of locally damaged modules, reducing the cost of replacement and maintenance after an accident.

[0072] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0073] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect, characterized in that, It includes an energy-absorbing box (1), a fixing ring (2), and a pin (3); The energy-absorbing boxes (1) are evenly placed on the outside of the pier and the adjacent energy-absorbing boxes (1) are tightly spliced ​​together. Several fixing rings (2) are evenly placed on the outer ring surface of the pier in a ring shape. The adjacent fixing rings (2) are tightly connected to form a whole around the pier. The energy-absorbing box (1) is fastened to the outside of the fixing ring (2). The energy-absorbing box (1) and the fixing ring (2) are connected from top to bottom by pins (3) for fixing the energy-absorbing box (1) and the fixing ring (2).

2. The bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect according to claim 1, characterized in that... The energy-absorbing box (1) includes a box body (12) and a box cover (11). The box body (12) is placed on the outside of the fixing ring (2). The top of the inner cavity of the box body (12) is provided with an arc-shaped opening. The box cover (11) is fastened to the arc-shaped opening. A negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton (13) is inserted in the inner cavity of the box body (12). A trapezoidal groove (15) and an arc-shaped protrusion (16) are opened on the inner ring surface of the box body (12). The box body (12) has an arc-shaped opening, a box cover (11) and a trapezoidal groove (15) with round holes (333) for accommodating the pin (3) on the inner side.

3. The bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect according to claim 1, characterized in that... The top of the fixing ring (2) is integrally formed with an upper connecting plate (21), and the upper connecting plate (21) is provided with upper connecting ears (211) at both ends. The bottom of the fixing ring (2) is integrally formed with an outwardly flared arc-shaped groove (23), and the arc-shaped groove (23) is provided with lower connecting ears (241) at both ends. The middle of the outer side of the fixing ring (2) is integrally formed with a trapezoidal protrusion (22). Adjacent pairs of fixing rings (2) are fixedly connected by bolts through the upper connecting ears (211) and the lower connecting ears (241); thus realizing that several fixing rings (2) encircle the bridge pier and are connected as a whole. The upper connecting plate (21) and the trapezoidal protrusion (22) are provided with round holes (333) for accommodating the pin (3).

4. The bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect according to claim 2, characterized in that... The inner ring surface of the box (12) is provided with a trapezoidal groove (15). The lower end of the box (12) and the side close to the fixing ring (2) are integrally formed with an arc-shaped protrusion (16). After the trapezoidal groove (15) and the trapezoidal protrusion (22) are fitted together, a pin (3) is inserted to fix the box (12) and the fixing ring (2) together.

5. The bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect according to claim 2, characterized in that... The lower side of the outer ring surface of the fixing ring (2) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (23), which is fitted with the arc-shaped protrusion (16) to fix the box body (12) on the fixing ring (2).

6. The bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect according to claim 2, characterized in that... The energy-absorbing box (1) is a fan-shaped annular prism with a horizontal cross-section in the shape of a fan ring, and the central angle of each fan-shaped annular cross-section is equal. The negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton (13) is formed by stretching a two-dimensional arc-shaped concave honeycomb in the vertical direction. The shape of the arc-shaped concave honeycomb is the same as the inner cavity of the energy-absorbing box (1). The negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton (13) is concave honeycomb in shape, and a shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core (14) is filled inside the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton (13).

7. The bridge collision avoidance device based on the coupling of shear stiffening and negative Poisson's ratio effect according to claim 6, characterized in that... The shear-hardening composite energy-absorbing core (14) is prepared by cutting shear-hardening foam according to the pore shape of the negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing skeleton (13).

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