A water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes

Abstract

This utility model discloses a water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes, relating to the field of water level monitoring technology. The system includes: a sensor network, a power supply network, a communication network, and a display unit. The sensor network is installed on the slope to collect monitoring data of the rock slope. The slope monitoring data includes water level gradient change data, pore water pressure data, and auxiliary parameter data. The power supply network is connected to the sensor network and uses solar energy and grid power to power the sensors. The communication network is connected to the sensor network and deploys relay nodes in designated key areas for remote transmission of the collected rock slope monitoring data. The display unit is connected to the communication network and visualizes the rock slope monitoring data, outputting an alarm signal when any value exceeds a corresponding preset threshold. This utility model can improve the accuracy and timeliness of early warning of rock slope landslides.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water level monitoring technology, and in particular to a water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of geotechnical engineering, stability monitoring of rock slopes is a crucial step in preventing landslide geological disasters. Traditional slope monitoring systems often use single sensors for localized monitoring, which has the following technical drawbacks: First, they rely on a single power source (such as batteries or mains power), making them prone to monitoring failure due to power outages in remote mountainous areas or harsh weather conditions. Second, the sensor network coverage density is insufficient, making it difficult to capture the dynamic changes in water level gradients and pore water pressure distribution characteristics within the slope, which are important parameters for assessing slope seepage field stability and predicting landslide precursors. Third, data transmission relies on long-distance direct transmission, which is easily obstructed by obstacles in complex terrain, causing signal attenuation and resulting in poor real-time monitoring data. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes, which can improve the accuracy and timeliness of early warning of landslides on rock slopes.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:

[0005] A water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes includes:

[0006] A sensor network, installed on the slope, is used to collect monitoring data of the rock slope; the slope monitoring data includes water level gradient change data, pore water pressure data, and auxiliary parameter data;

[0007] A power supply network, connected to the sensor network, is used to power each sensor by converting solar energy into electrical energy and by using grid power.

[0008] A communication network is connected to the sensor network, and relay nodes are deployed in designated key areas for remote transmission of the collected rock slope monitoring data.

[0009] The display unit, connected to the communication network, is used to visualize the monitoring data of the rock slope and outputs an alarm signal when any value exceeds the corresponding preset threshold.

[0010] Optionally, the sensor network specifically includes: submersible pressure level gauges, piezometers, and auxiliary monitoring sensors; the auxiliary monitoring sensors are installed at designated locations on the slope; multiple submersible pressure level gauges and piezometers are used; wherein the submersible pressure level gauges are buried in layers at different depths on the slope to capture changes in water level gradients; the piezometers are deployed in weak interlayers or potential sliding surfaces to acquire pore water pressure data in real time.

[0011] Optionally, the auxiliary monitoring sensors include rain gauges, GNSS displacement monitoring stations, and soil moisture sensors.

[0012] Optionally, the power supply network specifically includes:

[0013] A solar energy conversion device used to convert solar energy into electrical energy;

[0014] Microgrid power supply module, used to collect electrical energy;

[0015] The battery pack is connected to the solar energy conversion device, the microgrid power supply module and the sensor network, respectively, and is used to store solar energy converted into electrical energy and grid power, and to power the sensor network.

[0016] Optionally, the solar energy conversion device uses photovoltaic panels.

[0017] Optionally, the communication network includes multiple communication modules, each of which is connected to a sensor, and relay nodes are deployed according to a set key area. The relay nodes are connected to all communication modules in the corresponding monitoring area.

[0018] Optionally, the communication module adopts a LoRa / 4G dual-mode communication module.

[0019] Optionally, the display unit includes at least one of a personal computer, a laptop computer, a smartphone, a tablet computer, and a portable wearable device.

[0020] According to the specific embodiments provided by this utility model, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0021] This invention discloses a water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes. The system includes a sensor network, a power supply network, a communication network, and a display unit. The sensor network is installed on the slope to collect monitoring data of the rock slope. The monitoring data includes water level gradient change data, pore water pressure data, and auxiliary parameter data. The power supply network is connected to the sensor network and uses solar energy and grid power to power the sensors. The communication network is connected to the sensor network and deploys relay nodes in key areas for remote transmission of the collected rock slope monitoring data. The display unit is connected to the communication network to visualize the rock slope monitoring data and outputs an alarm signal when any value exceeds a preset threshold. This invention improves the accuracy and timeliness of early warning of rock slope landslides. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes, which is based on this utility model.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1. Sensor network; 2. Power supply network; 3. Communication network; 4. Display unit. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0026] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes, which can improve the accuracy and timeliness of early warning of landslides on rock slopes.

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides a water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes, including: a sensor network 1, a power supply network 2, a communication network 3, and a display unit 4.

[0029] Sensor network 1, installed on the slope, is used to collect monitoring data of the rock slope; the slope monitoring data includes water level gradient change data, pore water pressure data, and auxiliary parameter data; power supply network 2, connected to sensor network 1, is used to power each sensor using solar energy converted into electrical energy and grid power; communication network 3, connected to sensor network 1, deploys relay nodes in designated key areas for remote transmission of the collected rock slope monitoring data; display unit 4, connected to communication network 3, is used to visualize the rock slope monitoring data and outputs an alarm signal when any value exceeds the corresponding preset threshold.

[0030] As one specific implementation, the sensor network 1 specifically includes: an immersion pressure level gauge, a piezometer, and an auxiliary monitoring sensor.

[0031] The auxiliary monitoring sensors are installed at designated locations on the slope; multiple submersible pressure gauges and piezometers are used; the submersible pressure gauges are buried in layers at different depths on the slope to capture changes in water level gradients; the piezometers are deployed in weak interlayers or potential sliding surfaces to acquire pore water pressure data in real time. The auxiliary monitoring sensors include rain gauges, GNSS displacement monitoring stations, and soil moisture sensors.

[0032] As one specific implementation, the power supply network 2 specifically includes: a solar energy conversion device, a microgrid power supply module, and a battery pack.

[0033] A solar energy conversion device is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; a microgrid power supply module is used to collect electrical energy; a battery pack is connected to the solar energy conversion device, the microgrid power supply module, and the sensor network 1 respectively, for storing solar-converted electrical energy and grid power, and for supplying power to the sensor network 1. The solar energy conversion device uses photovoltaic panels.

[0034] In one specific implementation, the communication network 3 includes multiple communication modules, each of which is connected to a corresponding sensor. Relay nodes are deployed according to designated key areas, and these relay nodes are connected to all communication modules within their respective monitoring areas. The communication modules employ LoRa / 4G dual-mode communication.

[0035] In one specific implementation, the display unit 4 includes at least one of a personal computer, a laptop computer, a smartphone, a tablet computer, and a portable wearable device.

[0036] Based on the above technical solution, the following embodiments are provided.

[0037] Layout for sensor network 1:

[0038] Submersible pressure water level gauges: Six gauges are installed in layers at different depths on the slope (two each at 2m, 5m, and 10m). The gauges are drilled into stable bedrock layers and the boreholes are sealed with bentonite. They are used to capture changes in water level gradients and have an accuracy of ±0.1%FS.

[0039] Piezometers: Four units are installed and deployed in weak interlayers or potential sliding surfaces, fixed with anchor bolts, to acquire pore water pressure data in real time, with a range of 0-1 MPa.

[0040] Auxiliary monitoring sensors: One rain gauge is installed in an open area at the top of the slope, with a resolution of 0.1 mm. Five GNSS displacement monitoring stations are installed, distributed at the top, middle, bottom, and both sides of the slope, with an accuracy of ±1 mm. Three soil moisture sensors are installed, buried in layers in the slope soil (depths of 0.5 m, 1.5 m, and 3 m).

[0041] Design power supply network 2:

[0042] Solar energy conversion device: It uses photovoltaic panels with a total power of 1000W, installed on the sunny side of the slope, with the tilt angle optimized according to the local latitude, and its output is DC 24V, which is connected to the battery through the MPPT controller.

[0043] Battery assembly: Uses lead-acid batteries with a total capacity of 200Ah, used to store solar energy converted into electrical energy and grid power, supporting 7 days of continuous cloudy and rainy weather.

[0044] Microgrid power supply module: It adopts AC 220V / 5A input and is connected to the battery as a backup power source.

[0045] Configure communication network 3:

[0046] Communication module: Employs a LoRa / 4G dual-mode communication module with a transmission distance of 2 kilometers. Ten modules are configured, each corresponding to a different sensor.

[0047] Relay nodes: Deployed in areas with complex terrain (such as valleys and ridges) to extend the transmission distance to 5 kilometers, used to forward sensor data to the cloud platform to ensure real-time performance.

[0048] Design of display unit 4:

[0049] Equipment types: Personal computers are used for data analysis, model training, and system configuration; smartphones / tablets are used to view monitoring data in real time and receive early warning signals; and portable wearable devices are used to receive real-time alarms during on-site inspections.

[0050] Data visualization: Utilizing dynamic icons, it displays water level change curves, pore water pressure trends, and cumulative rainfall maps. When values ​​exceed thresholds, it triggers audible and visual alarms and sends notifications to designated personnel via SMS and email.

[0051] System integration and testing:

[0052] Integration steps

[0053] Hardware installation: On-site deployment of sensors, photovoltaic panels, batteries, and communication modules.

[0054] Software debugging: cloud platform data access, early warning algorithm configuration, and display unit 4 interface development.

[0055] Test Plan

[0056] Stability test: Simulate continuous rainy environment to verify the reliability of the power supply system.

[0057] Accuracy test: The error must be less than 5% when compared with manually measured data.

[0058] Real-time performance test: Ensure data transmission latency is less than 5 seconds.

[0059] VII. Implementation Case References

[0060] Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning System in Dimeda Village, Gonglang Town, Nanjian County, Yunnan Province

[0061] Geological conditions: The landslide body is located near the source of a first-level tributary of the Dimo ​​River, and is shaped like a "ginkgo leaf", in the stage of creep deformation.

[0062] Monitoring parameters: surface displacement, soil moisture content, rainfall, and crack deformation.

[0063] Early warning results: In August 2021, a landslide deformation was successfully predicted, providing a scientific basis for emergency response.

[0064] This embodiment achieves efficient management of landslide risks on rock slopes through multi-parameter coupled monitoring, intelligent algorithm early warning, and modular design. It is applicable to reservoir slopes, mine slopes, and rainfall-triggered landslide early warning scenarios.

[0065] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0066] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of this utility model. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this utility model, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes, characterized in that, include: A sensor network, installed on the slope, is used to collect monitoring data of the rock slope; The slope monitoring data includes water level gradient change data, pore water pressure data, and auxiliary parameter data; A power supply network, connected to the sensor network, is used to power each sensor by converting solar energy into electrical energy and by using grid power. A communication network is connected to the sensor network, and relay nodes are deployed in designated key areas for remote transmission of the collected rock slope monitoring data. The display unit, connected to the communication network, is used to visualize the monitoring data of the rock slope and outputs an alarm signal when any value exceeds the corresponding preset threshold.

2. The water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor network specifically includes: submersible pressure level gauges, piezometers, and auxiliary monitoring sensors; the auxiliary monitoring sensors are installed at designated locations on the slope; multiple submersible pressure level gauges and piezometers are used; wherein, the submersible pressure level gauges are buried in layers at different depths on the slope to capture changes in water level gradients; the piezometers are deployed in weak interlayers or potential sliding surfaces to acquire pore water pressure data in real time.

3. The water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The auxiliary monitoring sensors include rain gauges, GNSS displacement monitoring stations, and soil moisture sensors.

4. The water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply network specifically includes: A solar energy conversion device used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; Microgrid power supply module, used to collect electrical energy; The battery assembly is connected to the solar energy conversion device, the microgrid power supply module, and the sensor network, respectively, and is used to store solar energy converted into electrical energy and grid power, and to power the sensor network.

5. The water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The solar energy conversion device uses photovoltaic panels.

6. The water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication network includes multiple communication modules, each of which is connected to a sensor. Relay nodes are deployed according to a set key area, and each relay node is connected to all communication modules in the corresponding monitoring area.

7. The water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The communication module adopts a LoRa / 4G dual-mode communication module.

8. The water level monitoring system for early warning of landslides on rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display unit includes at least one of a personal computer, a laptop computer, a smartphone, a tablet computer, and a portable wearable device.

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