A multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of engineering vehicles and their manufacturing technology, specifically disclosing a multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles, including a sliding mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a left-right horizontal swinging mechanism, and a right-up vertical swinging mechanism. This multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles is scientifically designed, structurally reasonable, and easy to manufacture and maintain. It not only provides a stable gripping point for people inside the vehicle, but also has multiple practical functions such as sliding, lifting, left-right horizontal swinging, and right-up vertical swinging. The various mechanisms are adapted and connected, and their movements and states do not interfere with each other, ensuring safety and reliability. It provides various conveniences for people inside the vehicle, has an attractive appearance, and is durable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of engineering vehicle and machinery manufacturing technology, and in particular to a multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Construction vehicles are often equipped with handrails, providing occupants with a stable grip point to help maintain balance and prevent accidental injuries caused by vehicle swaying. In emergencies, such as sudden braking or a sudden accident, the handrails can serve as important support for occupants, reducing loss of control due to inertia and thus lowering the risk of injury. However, existing handrails in construction vehicles are generally simple in structure and even have a single function, often lacking sufficient functionality. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles to solve the problems encountered in practice.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles includes a sliding mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a left-right horizontal rotation mechanism, and a right-up vertical rotation mechanism, characterized in that:

[0006] The sliding mechanism includes a mounting base, a lower shell, a frame, a pin, a sliding shaft, a fixed base, an inner liner, a fixed sleeve, a button, a limiting plate, a handrail, an upper shell, a short shaft, two compression springs, and two tension springs. The lower shell is fixed to the lower part of the frame, and the upper shell is fixed to the upper part of the frame. The mounting base and the frame are respectively provided with hinged shaft holes and are hinged through the fixed shaft. The lower shell is limited by the mounting base. The handrail is fixedly installed on the inner liner, and the fixed base is fixedly installed on the upper shell. Each pair of sliding shafts is provided with a slot and is installed parallel to the fixed base. The inner liner has slots and connecting holes in its liner plate. The upper side is provided with a support, and the lower side is provided with a sliding seat with sliding holes corresponding to the pair of sliding shafts. The side has a notch and is slidably installed on the pair of sliding shafts through the sliding holes of the lower side sliding seat. The sliding of the inner liner sliding seat is constrained by the fixed base. The limiting plate corresponds to the slots of the inner liner and the sliding shafts. The slot has a locking head and an inclined surface, and is hinged to the support of the inner lining via a short shaft in the cavity between the armrest and the inner lining. The locking head is located at the locking hole position of the inner lining below it. One end of the tension spring is connected to one end of the limiting plate, and the other end is connected to the connecting hole of the inner lining. One end of the button corresponds to the inclined surface of the limiting plate and also has an inclined surface and a step. The fixed sleeve has a button hole at one end corresponding to the button, and also has a step and a cavity. The button is movably installed in the cavity of the fixed sleeve, and one step of the button abuts against the first step of the fixed sleeve. The compression spring abuts between the other step of the fixed sleeve and the button. The fixed sleeve, button and compression spring are assembled together and fixedly installed at the other end of the limiting plate at the side notch of the inner lining through the fixed sleeve. Under the action of the tension spring, the locking head of the limiting plate usually extends out of the locking hole of the inner lining and is locked in the slot of the sliding shaft.

[0007] The left-right horizontal rotation mechanism includes a rotating base, a tension spring, a rotating handle, a rotating limiting plate, and a mounting base. The rotating base has a shaft end, and the rotating limiting plate has a shaft hole corresponding to the shaft end of the rotating base, as well as a locking slot, and is movably mounted on the shaft end of the rotating base. The rotating handle has a locking pin corresponding to the locking slot of the rotating limiting plate and is hinged to the side of the rotating limiting plate on the upper part of the rotating base. The locking pin is located in the locking slot of the rotating limiting plate to stop its rotation. One end of the tension spring is connected to the rotating handle, and the other end is connected to the rotating base. The locking slot of the rotating limiting plate is usually locked by the locking pin of the rotating handle and thus fixed in place. The left-right horizontal rotation mechanism is connected to a sliding mechanism through the mounting base.

[0008] The lifting mechanism includes a fixed square tube, a bushing, a lifting square tube, a retaining ring, a bushing, a rotating seat, a limiting hook, a torsion spring, a lifting handle, a positioning rod, a compression spring, and a square shaft. The fixed square tube has a supporting edge in its cavity, and a hook hole is formed on its wall corresponding to the hook head of the limiting hook. The positioning rod is fitted with the compression spring, and its lower end is fixed to the supporting edge of the fixed square tube. The lifting square tube has a sliding edge and a torsion spring post in its cavity, and a shaft hole at its upper end. It is movably installed in the cavity of the fixed square tube and slides into the positioning rod, which is fixed at the upper end by a limiting block, through the sliding edge with a sliding hole. The compression spring abuts against the supporting edge of the fixed square tube and the sliding edge of the lifting square tube. The bushing is fixedly installed at the upper end of the fixed square tube cavity, serving as a sliding track between the lifting square tube and the fixed square tube. The lifting handle is fixed to the square shaft. At one end, the limiting hook has a square hole corresponding to the square shaft. The rotating seat is fixedly installed on the upper end of the lifting square tube and has a second shaft hole corresponding to the first shaft hole of the lifting square tube. The square shaft is installed in the first shaft hole of the lifting square tube and the second shaft hole of the rotating seat through a bushing. The first torsion spring and the limiting hook are installed on the square shaft with their square holes and are located together inside the lifting square tube. The two ends of the first torsion spring are respectively connected to the torsion spring post of the lifting square tube and the limiting hook. The hook head of the limiting hook extends into the hook hole of the fixed square tube to lock the lifting square tube and the fixed square tube. The retaining ring is fixedly installed at the other end of the square shaft to axially position the square shaft. The limiting hook 7 is reset under the action of the first torsion spring. Its hook head usually extends into the hook hole of the fixed square tube to lock the lifting square tube and the fixed square tube. The lifting mechanism is connected to the left and right horizontal rotating mechanism and the sliding mechanism through the rotating seat.

[0009] The vertical swing rotation mechanism includes a mounting base, a frame, a ratchet rack, a pin, a torsion spring, a fixed shaft, a return cam, a ratchet plate, and a handle. The handle is connected to the frame via structural components. The mounting base and the frame are respectively provided with hinged shaft holes and are hinged through a fixed shaft. The mounting base constrains the frame. The return cam has a cam hole, a small-radius cam, a large-radius cam, and a groove, and a short pin recess is provided on its large-radius cam portion. The ratchet plate has ratchet teeth, and its side is fixed. The reset cam is movably mounted on the fixed shaft via a cam hole, and the ratchet plate is fixed on the fixed shaft. The pawl rack has pawl teeth and a short pin is fixed to its side. The pin is hinged to the frame via a pin hole. One end of the torsion spring is connected to the frame, and the other end is connected to the pawl rack to generate torque, causing the short pin of the pawl rack to engage with the reset cam. Since the pawl rack and the ratchet plate mesh, a ratchet mechanism that prevents reverse rotation is formed. The armrest is connected to the frame via the upper shell and to the vertical swing rotation mechanism.

[0010] The multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles is characterized in that: the handrail can rotate from a horizontally closed state to a fully open state with a maximum rotation angle in the range of 85° to 90°.

[0011] This utility model is a multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles. It is scientifically designed, rationally structured, and easy to manufacture and maintain. It not only provides a stable grip point for people inside the vehicle, but also has a variety of practical functions such as sliding, lifting, horizontal swinging, and vertical swinging. The various mechanisms are adapted and connected, and their movements and states do not interfere with each other. It is safe and reliable, provides various conveniences for people inside the vehicle, and is aesthetically pleasing and durable. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles according to this utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle M section;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a top sectional view of the inner lining component of the sliding mechanism;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a left-right horizontal rotation mechanism;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the lifting mechanism;

[0018] Figure 6 This is a plan view of the lifting mechanism;

[0019] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the AA-direction section;

[0020] Figure 8 and Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the closed and open states of the vertical pendulum rotation mechanism;

[0021] Figure 10 This is an exploded schematic diagram of some components of the vertical pendulum rotation mechanism;

[0022] Figures 11-14 A schematic diagram of the four stages of the vertical pendulum rotation mechanism;

[0023] In the diagram: 1-Fixed square tube; 1a-Hook hole; 1b-Supporting edge; 1c-Limiting block; 2-Bushing; 3-Lifting square tube; 3a-Shaft hole one; 3b-Sliding edge; 4-Retaining ring; 5-Shaft sleeve; 6-Rotating seat; 6a-Shaft hole two; 7-Limiting hook; 8-Torsion spring one; 9-Lifting handle; 10-Positioning rod; 11-Tension spring one; 12-Rotating handle; 12a-Clamping pin; 13-Rotating limiting disc; 13a-Clamping slot; 14-Mounting seat; 15-Lower shell; 16-Frame; 17-Pawl rack; 17a-Short pin; 18-Pin shaft; 1 9-Torsion spring II; 20-Fixed shaft; 21-Reset cam; 21a-Large radius cam; 21b-Slide groove; 21c-Short pin recess; 22-Ratchet toothed plate; 22a-Slide pin; 23-Sliding shaft; 23a-Card slot; 24-Fixed seat; 25-Inner liner; 25a-Card hole; 25b-Support; 26-Fixed sleeve; 27-Button; 28-Limit plate; 28a-Card head; 29-Handrail; 30-Compression spring I; 31-Upper shell; 32-Short shaft; 33-Compression spring II; 34-Tension spring II; 35-Square shaft; R-Steering; α-Rotation angle. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described below are merely illustrative of this utility model. Key terms that need attention in these descriptions, including "short pin recess," "card hole," "small radius convex disc," and "large radius convex disc," are simply customary names used for ease of description and to simplify the description; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0025] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention relates to a multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles, comprising a sliding mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a left-right horizontal swinging mechanism, and an up-down vertical swinging mechanism. The above mechanisms are adapted and connected, and their movements and states do not interfere with each other.

[0026] The sliding mechanism includes a mounting base 14, a lower shell 15, a frame 16, a pin 18, a sliding shaft 23, a fixed base 24, an inner liner 25, a fixed sleeve 26, a button 27, a limiting plate 28, a handrail 29, an upper shell 31, a short shaft 32, a compression spring 33, and a tension spring 34. The lower shell 15 is fixed to the lower part of the frame 16, and the upper shell 31 is fixed to the upper part of the frame 16. The mounting base 14 and the frame 16 are respectively provided with hinged shaft holes and are hinged through the fixed shaft 20. The lower shell 15 is supported and limited by the mounting base 14, and the handrail 29 is fixedly installed on the inner liner 25. The fixed base 24 is fixedly installed on the upper shell 31. Each of the pair of sliding shafts 23 is provided with a slot 23a and is installed parallel to the fixed base 24. The inner lining 25 has a lining plate with a slot 25a and a connecting hole. The upper side is provided with a support 25b and the lower side is provided with a slide block with a sliding hole corresponding to the pair of sliding shafts 23. The side has a notch and is slidably installed on the pair of sliding shafts 23 through the sliding hole of the slide block on the lower side. The inner lining 25 slides on the sliding shaft 23 through the slide block. The slide block is constrained by the fixed base 24, which determines the limit stroke of the inner lining 25 and the handrail 29 sliding back and forth. The limiting plate 28 corresponds to the locking hole 25a of the inner lining 25 and the locking groove 23a of the sliding shaft 23. It is provided with a locking head and an inclined surface. It is hinged to the support 25b of the inner lining 25 via a short shaft 32 within the cavity between the armrest 29 and the inner lining 25. The locking head is located below the locking hole 25a of the inner lining 25. One end of the tension spring 34 is connected to one end of the limiting plate 28, and the other end is connected to the connecting hole of the inner lining 25. One end of the button 27 corresponds to the inclined surface of the limiting plate 28 and is also provided with an inclined surface. The surface also features a step. The fixing sleeve 26 has a button hole at one end corresponding to the button 27, and also includes a step and a cavity. The button 27 is movably installed in the cavity of the fixing sleeve 26, with one step abutting against another step of the fixing sleeve 26. The compression spring 33 abuts against the other step between the fixing sleeve 26 and the button 27. The assembled fixing sleeve 26, button 27, and compression spring 33 are fixedly installed at the other end of the limiting plate 28 at the side notch of the inner lining 25 via the fixing sleeve 26. Under normal conditions, the locking head of the limiting plate 28 extends out of the locking hole 25a of the inner lining 25 and is locked in the locking groove 23a of the sliding shaft 23, keeping the handrail 29 fixed. When the button 27 is pressed, one end extends out of the button hole of the fixing sleeve 26. Through its inclined surface and the inclined surface of the corresponding limiting plate 28, the other end of the limiting plate 28 rotates downward. Its locking head lifts out of the locking hole 25a of the inner lining 25 and the locking groove 23a of the sliding shaft 23, pushing the armrest 29, which can drive the inner lining 25 to slide along the sliding shaft 23. When the button 27 is released, the limiting plate 28 is reset under the action of the tension spring 34. If the armrest 29 and the inner lining 25 continue to slide, the locking head of the limiting plate 28 extends out of the locking hole 25a of the inner lining 25 and locks in the locking groove 23a of the sliding shaft 23, stopping the sliding of the armrest 29 and the inner lining 25.

[0027] The left and right horizontal rotating mechanism includes a rotating base 6, a tension spring 11, a rotating handle 12, a rotating limiting plate 13, and a mounting base 14. The rotating base 6 has a shaft head, and the rotating limiting plate 13 has a shaft hole corresponding to the shaft head of the rotating base 6, as well as a bayonet 13a, and is movably mounted on the shaft head of the rotating base 6. The rotating handle 12 has a locking pin 12a corresponding to the bayonet 13a of the rotating limiting plate 13, and is hinged to the side of the rotating limiting plate 13 on the upper part of the rotating base 6. The locking pin 12a is located in the bayonet 13a of the rotating limiting plate 13 and stops the rotation of the rotating limiting plate 13. One end of the tension spring 11 is connected to the rotating handle 12, and the other end is connected to the rotating base 6. Pressing the rotating handle 12 causes the locking pin 12a of the rotating handle 12 to disengage from the locking slot 13a of the rotating limiting plate 13. The rotating limiting plate 13 then rotates horizontally on the shaft of the rotating seat 6. Releasing the rotating handle 12 causes it to reset under the action of the tension spring 11. During rotation, different locking slots 13a of the rotating limiting plate 13 are locked by the locking pin 12a of the rotating handle 12, thus stopping the rotation and allowing it to rotate horizontally left and right to the required gear angle (position). The horizontal rotation mechanism is connected to the sliding mechanism through the mounting base 14, which in turn drives the sliding mechanism and the armrest 29 to rotate horizontally left and right together. In this embodiment, the horizontal rotation of the armrest 29 at each gear position generally differs by 20° to 30°, that is, the armrest 29 rotates and swings 20° to the left or right from the center position by 20° to 30°. The movement and state of the horizontal rotation mechanism do not interfere with the sliding and state of the sliding mechanism.

[0028] The lifting mechanism includes a fixed square tube 1, a bushing 2, a lifting square tube 3, a retaining ring 4, a bushing 5, a rotating seat 6, a limiting hook 7, a torsion spring 8, a lifting handle 9, a positioning rod 10, a compression spring 30, and a square shaft 35. The fixed square tube 1 has a supporting edge 1b in its cavity, and a hook hole 1a is opened on the tube wall corresponding to the hook head of the limiting hook 7. The bushing 2 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cavity of the fixed square tube 1. The positioning rod 10 is fitted with a compression spring 30, and its lower end is fixed on the supporting edge 1b of the fixed square tube 1. The lifting square tube 3 has a sliding edge 3b and a torsion spring post in its cavity, and a shaft hole 3a is provided at its upper end. It is movably installed in the cavity of the fixed square tube 1 and slides into the positioning rod 10, which is fixed at the upper end by a limiting block 1c to limit the sliding edge 3b, through the sliding edge 3b with a sliding hole. The compression spring 30 abuts between the supporting edge 1b of the fixed square tube 1 and the sliding edge 3b of the lifting square tube 3. The lifting handle 9 is fixed to one end of the square shaft 35. The limiting hook 7 has a square hole corresponding to the square shaft 35. The rotating seat 6 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the lifting square tube 3 and has a second shaft hole 6a corresponding to the first shaft hole 3a of the lifting square tube 3. The square shaft 35 is installed in the first shaft hole 3a of the lifting square tube 3 and the second shaft hole 6a of the rotating seat 6 through the bushing 5. The first torsion spring 8 and the limiting hook 7 are installed on the square shaft 35 with their square holes and are located together inside the lifting square tube 3. The two ends of the first torsion spring 8 are respectively connected to the torsion spring post of the lifting square tube 3 and the limiting hook 7. The hook head of the limiting hook 7 extends into the hook hole 1a of the fixed square tube 1 to lock the lifting square tube 3 and the fixed square tube 1. The retaining ring 4 is fixedly installed on the other end of the square shaft 35 to axially position the square shaft 35. Normally, the limiting hook 7 extends its hook head into different hook holes 1a of the fixed square tube 1, locking the lifting square tube 3 and the fixed square tube 1. When the lifting handle 9 is lifted, the limiting hook 7 disengages from the hook holes 1a of the fixed square tube 1, allowing the lifting square tube 3 to slide and rise on the fixed square tube 1. When the lifting handle 9 is released, the limiting hook 7 resets under the action of the torsion spring 8, and its hook head extends into different hook holes 1a of the fixed square tube 1, locking the lifting square tube 3 and the fixed square tube 1 at the desired height. The bushing 2, fixedly installed at the upper end of the cavity of the fixed square tube 1, assists in acting as a sliding track between the lifting square tube 3 and the fixed square tube 1. The lifting mechanism is connected to the left and right horizontal rotating mechanism and the sliding mechanism through the rotating seat 6. The lifting and lowering state of the lifting mechanism does not interfere with the movement and state of the left and right horizontal rotating mechanism and the sliding mechanism.

[0029] The vertical swing rotation mechanism includes a mounting base 14, a frame 16, a pawl rack 17, a pin 18, a torsion spring 19, a fixed shaft 20, a reset cam 21, a ratchet plate 22, and a handrail 29, as described in the sliding mechanism above. The handrail 29 is connected to the frame 16 via relevant structural components (including an inner liner 25, a fixed base 24, a sliding shaft 23, and an upper shell 31). The mounting base 14 and the frame 16 are respectively provided with hinged shaft holes and are hinged through the fixed shaft 20. The constraint of the mounting base 14 on the swing rotation of the frame 16 determines the maximum rotation angle α of the vertical swing rotation of the frame 16 and the handrail 29. In this embodiment, the maximum rotation angle α is 85°. The reset cam 21 has a cam hole, a small-radius cam, a large-radius cam 21a, and a slide groove 21b. A short pin recess 21c is provided at the large-radius cam 21a. The ratchet toothed plate 22 has ratchet teeth, and a slide pin 22a is fixed to its side. The reset cam 21 is movably fitted onto the fixed shaft 20 through the cam hole, and the ratchet toothed plate 22 is fixed to the fixed shaft 20. The pawl rack 17 has pawl teeth, and a short pin 17a is fixed to its side, which is connected by a pin shaft 18. The pin hole is hinged to the frame 16. One end of the torsion spring 19 is connected to the frame 16, and the other end is connected to the pawl rack 17, forming a torque on it. This causes the short pin 17a of the pawl rack 17 to engage with the reset cam 21 (small radius cam or large radius cam 21a). When the short pin 17a of the pawl rack 17 engages with the small radius cam of the reset cam 21, the pawl rack 17 can mesh with the ratchet plate 22, thus forming a unidirectional constraint and constituting a ratchet mechanism that prevents reversal. As with the aforementioned sliding mechanism, the armrest 29 is connected to the connecting frame 16 through the upper shell 31, that is, it is connected to the vertical swing rotation mechanism through the armrest 29 and the connecting frame 16. The motion state of the vertical swing rotation mechanism is described in the "Four Stages of Vertical Swing Rotation Mechanism Description Table". It can realize the armrest 29 from the horizontal closed (initial) state to the swing maximum open state, experiencing the following process: Figures 11-12 The first and second stages shown illustrate how the handrail 29 rotates from its fully open, horizontally swinging state back to its horizontally closed state, undergoing a process similar to... Figures 13-14 The third and fourth stages shown constitute a total of four stages. The armrest 29 of the vertical swing rotation mechanism rotates from a horizontally closed position to its maximum open state, with a maximum rotation angle α ranging from 85° to 90°.

[0030] When the handrail 29 swings upwards, its first stage is as follows: Figure 11The pawl rack 17 meshes with the ratchet plate 22, and its rotation direction R is clockwise reversed as shown in the diagram. The pawl of the pawl rack 17 is not constrained by the ratchet of the ratchet plate 22. Its short pin 17a is located at the small radius cam of the reset cam 21, pushing the reset cam 21 to rotate. Since the sliding pin 22a of the ratchet plate 22 is fixed, the sliding groove 21b of the reset cam 21 slides along the sliding pin 22a. In this stage, because the pawl rack 17 rotates clockwise, its unidirectional pawl movement is not constrained by the ratchet of the ratchet plate 22, so the handrail 29 can be raised freely, but cannot be lowered. Due to the movement of the pawl and the ratchet, each time the pawl rack 17 rotates relative to the ratchet plate 22, it will be prevented from reversing by the ratchet plate 22, so that the handrail 29 is at a required rotation angle α.

[0031] Its second stage, see Figure 12 The pawl rack 17 rotates clockwise to reverse direction. Its short pin 17a pushes the reset cam 21 to rotate. Since the sliding pin 22a of the ratchet plate 22 is fixed, the sliding groove 21b of the reset cam 21 slides to abut against the sliding pin 22a of the ratchet plate 22. The short pin 17a of the pawl rack 17 cannot push the reset cam 21 to rotate. Its short pin 17a fits against the reset cam 21 as it rotates from the small radius cam to the large radius cam 21a. The short pin 17a is located in the short pin recess 21c of the large radius cam 21a of the reset cam 21. Then, the large radius cam 21a of the reset cam 21 pushes the pawl rack 17 to disengage from the ratchet plate 22 through the short pin 17a. During this stage, since the pawl rack 17 rotates clockwise and its pawl is no longer constrained by the ratchet plate 22, the armrest 29 can be lifted up freely until the armrest 29 swings straight to the maximum open state. At the same time, the pawl rack 17 disengages from the ratchet plate 22, so the armrest 29 can also be lowered down freely.

[0032] When the handrail 29 swings downwards, its third stage is as follows: Figure 13 The pawl rack 17 rotates counterclockwise (R). Since the short pin 17a is located in the short pin recess 21c of the large-radius cam 21a of the reset cam 21, the short pin 17a pushes the reset cam 21 to rotate, and the slide groove 21b of the reset cam 21 slides along the slide pin 22a. During this stage, because the pawl rack 17 is disengaged from the ratchet plate 22 and is not constrained by the ratchet, the armrest 29 can be freely raised and lowered.

[0033] Its fourth stage, see Figure 14The pawl rack 17 rotates counterclockwise (R), and its short pin 17a pushes the reset cam 21 to rotate. Since the sliding pin 22a of the ratchet plate 22 is fixed, the sliding groove 21b of the reset cam 21 slides to abut against the sliding pin 22a of the ratchet plate 22. The short pin 17a of the pawl rack 17 cannot push the reset cam 21 to rotate. Its short pin 17a rotates out of the short pin recess 21c of the large radius cam 21a of the reset cam 21 and fits against the reset cam 21 as it rotates from the large radius cam 21a to the small radius cam. The small radius cam of the reset cam 21 returns the pawl rack 17 to engage with the ratchet plate 22 through the short pin 17a. In this stage, since the pawl rack 17 rotates clockwise, its unidirectional pawl movement is not constrained by the ratchet plate 22, so the armrest 29 can be freely raised but cannot be lowered, allowing the armrest 29 to be positioned at a desired rotation angle α.

[0034]

[0035] This utility model relates to a multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles, which has a relatively large number of parts. Precision manufacturing ensures quality, especially for key components, which require special treatment to achieve coordinated operation of all mechanisms, durability, and an aesthetically pleasing appearance. In this embodiment, the manufacturing process of these key components includes the following aspects:

[0036] 1. Handrail 29

[0037] The handrail 29 is a component that is in frequent contact with the human body, but it is also necessary to ensure its sturdiness. Its manufacturing process is to use a metal frame to form a whole through polyurethane foaming, which meets the requirements of human body contact comfort and sturdiness.

[0038] II. Reset Cam 21

[0039] The reset cam 21 is made of No. 40 or No. 45 steel, and is treated by carburizing and quenching process. The surface hardness is HRC42~50, and the surface coating thickness is 0.1~0.5mm to achieve wear resistance.

[0040] III. Positioning rod 10 and sliding shaft 23

[0041] The positioning rod 10 and the sliding shaft 23 are sliding contact shaft parts, which are treated with chrome plating. The chrome plating layer can reach a hardness of 400-1200 HV, which significantly increases the hardness and reduces the coefficient of friction.

[0042] IV. Frame 16 and Fixture 24

[0043] The frame 16 and the fixing base 24 are load-bearing support components. To ensure their sturdiness and reduce weight, they are made using a cast aluminum alloy process.

[0044] V. Fixed square tube 1 and lifting square tube 3

[0045] The fixed square tube 1 and the lifting square tube 3 are load-bearing support components. They also need to ensure friction reduction, wear resistance, and aesthetic appearance. They are treated with powder coating process, and both their inner and outer surfaces are coated with electrostatic powder.

[0046] The above description is only a general embodiment of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, there are various other embodiments with modifications and variations, which will not be elaborated here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this utility model are included within the protection scope claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-functional handrail for engineering vehicles, comprising a sliding mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a left-right horizontal rotation mechanism, and a right-up vertical rotation mechanism, characterized in that: The sliding mechanism includes a mounting base (14), a lower shell (15), a frame (16), a pin (18), a sliding shaft (23), a fixed base (24), an inner liner (25), a fixed sleeve (26), a button (27), a limiting plate (28), a handrail (29), an upper shell (31), a short shaft (32), a compression spring (33), and a tension spring (34). The lower shell (15) is fixed to the lower part of the frame (16), and the upper shell (31) is fixed to the upper part of the frame (16). The mounting base (14) and the frame (16) are respectively provided with hinged shaft holes and are hinged through the fixed shaft (20). The lower shell (15) is supported by the mounting base (14). The armrest (29) is fixedly installed on the inner lining (25), and the fixing seat (24) is fixedly installed on the upper shell (31). A pair of sliding shafts (23) are provided with slots (23a) and are installed parallel to each other on the fixing seat (24). The inner lining (25) has a lining plate with slots (25a) and connecting holes. The upper side is provided with a support (25b), and the lower side is provided with a sliding seat with sliding holes corresponding to the pair of sliding shafts (23). The side has a notch and slides on the pair of sliding shafts (23) through the sliding holes of the lower side sliding seat. The sliding of the inner lining (25) sliding seat is constrained by the fixing seat (24). The limiting plate (28) corresponds to the inner lining (25). The sliding shaft (23) has a slot (23a) with a locking head and a bevel. It is hinged to the support (25b) of the inner lining (25) via a short shaft (32) and is located in the cavity between the armrest (29) and the inner lining (25). The locking head is located in the slot (25a) of the inner lining (25) below it. One end of the tension spring (34) is connected to one end of the limiting plate (28), and the other end is connected to the connecting hole of the inner lining (25). One end of the button (27) corresponds to the bevel of the limiting plate (28) and also has a bevel and a step. The fixing sleeve (26) has a button hole corresponding to one end of the button (27). The device is provided with a step and a cavity. The button (27) is movably installed in the cavity of the fixed sleeve (26). One step of the button (27) abuts against the step of the fixed sleeve (26). The second compression spring (33) abuts between the other step of the fixed sleeve (26) and the button (27). The fixed sleeve (26), the button (27) and the second compression spring (33) assembled together are fixedly installed at the other end of the limiting plate (28) at the side notch of the inner lining (25) by the fixed sleeve (26). The limiting plate (28) is connected by the second tension spring (34). Its locking head usually extends out of the locking hole (25a) of the inner lining (25) and is locked in the locking groove (23a) of the sliding shaft (23). The left and right horizontal rotation mechanism includes a rotating base (6), a tension spring (11), a rotating handle (12), a rotating limiting plate (13), and a mounting base (14). The rotating base (6) has a shaft head, and the rotating limiting plate (13) has a shaft hole corresponding to the shaft head of the rotating base (6), and also has a bayonet (13a), which is movably mounted on the shaft head of the rotating base (6). The rotating handle (12) has a locking pin (12a) corresponding to the bayonet (13a) of the rotating limiting plate (13), and is hinged to it. The pin (12a) is located in the slot (13a) of the rotating limit plate (13) on the upper part of the rotating seat (6) to stop the rotation of the rotating limit plate (13). One end of the tension spring (11) is connected to the rotating handle (12) and the other end is connected to the rotating seat (6). The slot (13a) of the rotating limit plate (13) is usually locked by the pin (12a) of the rotating handle (12). The left and right horizontal rotating mechanism is connected to the sliding mechanism through the mounting base (14). The lifting mechanism includes a fixed square tube (1), a bushing (2), a lifting square tube (3), a retaining ring (4), a bushing (5), a rotating seat (6), a limiting hook (7), a torsion spring (8), a lifting handle (9), a positioning rod (10), a compression spring (30), and a square shaft (35). The fixed square tube (1) has a supporting edge (1b) in its cavity, and a hook hole (1a) is opened on the tube wall corresponding to the hook head of the limiting hook (7). The positioning rod (10) is fitted with a compression spring (30), and its lower end is fixed to the supporting edge (1b) of the fixed square tube (1). The lifting square tube (3) has a supporting edge (1b) in its cavity. The sliding edge (3b) and the torsion spring post are provided with a shaft hole (3a) at the upper end. They are movably installed in the cavity of the fixed square tube (1) and slide into the positioning rod (10) which is fixed at the upper end by the limiting block (1c) through the sliding edge (3b) with the sliding hole. The compression spring (30) abuts against the supporting edge (1b) of the fixed square tube (1) and the sliding edge (3b) of the lifting square tube (3). The bushing (2) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the cavity of the fixed square tube (1) and acts as a sliding track between the lifting square tube (3) and the fixed square tube (1). The lifting handle (9) Fixed at one end of the square shaft (35), the limiting hook (7) has a square hole corresponding to the square shaft (35), the rotating seat (6) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the lifting square tube (3), and has a shaft hole two (6a) corresponding to the shaft hole one (3a) of the lifting square tube (3). The square shaft (35) is installed in the shaft hole one (3a) of the lifting square tube (3) and the shaft hole two (6a) of the rotating seat (6) through the bushing (5). The torsion spring one (8) and the limiting hook (7) are installed on the square shaft (35) with their square holes, and are located together in the lifting square tube (3). The two ends of the torsion spring one (8) are respectively connected to The torsion top is between the torsion spring post and the limiting hook (7) of the lifting square tube (3). The hook head of the limiting hook (7) extends into the hook hole 1a of the fixed square tube 1 to lock the lifting square tube (3) and the fixed square tube (1). The retaining ring (4) is fixedly installed at the other end of the square shaft (35) to axially position the square shaft (35). The limiting hook (7) is reset under the action of the torsion spring (8). Its hook head usually extends into the hook hole (1a) of the fixed square tube (1) to lock the lifting square tube (3) and the fixed square tube (1). The lifting mechanism is connected to the left and right horizontal rotating mechanism and the sliding mechanism through the rotating seat (6). The vertical swing rotation mechanism includes a mounting base (14), a frame (16), a pawl rack (17), a pin (18), a torsion spring (19), a fixed shaft (20), a reset cam (21), a ratchet toothed plate (22), and a handrail (29). The handrail 29 is connected to the frame (16) through structural components. The mounting base (14) and the frame (16) are respectively provided with hinged shaft holes and are hinged through the fixed shaft (20). The mounting base (14) constrains the swing rotation of the frame (16). The reset cam (21) is provided with a cam hole, a small radius cam, a large radius cam (21a), and a slide groove (21b), and a short pin recess (21c) is provided at the large radius cam (21a). The ratchet toothed plate (22) is provided with ratchet teeth. A sliding pin (22a) is fixed on the side. The reset cam (21) is loosely fitted on the fixed shaft (20) through the cam hole. The ratchet plate (22) is fixed on the fixed shaft (20). The pawl rack (17) is provided with pawl teeth. A short pin (17a) is fixed on its side. It is hinged to the frame (16) through the pin hole by the pin shaft (18). One end of the torsion spring (19) is connected to the frame (16), and the other end is connected to the pawl rack (17) to form a torque on it, so that the short pin (17a) of the pawl rack (17) fits against the reset cam (21). Since the pawl rack (17) meshes with the ratchet plate (22), it forms a ratchet mechanism that prevents reverse rotation. The armrest (29) is connected to the connecting frame (16) through the upper shell (31) and to the up and down swing rotation mechanism.

2. The multi-functional handrail for an engineered vehicle of claim 1, wherein: The handrail (29) rotates from a horizontally closed position to its maximum open position, with the maximum rotation angle (α) ranging from 85° to 90°.

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