A laser with self-testing power

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of laser technology, specifically providing a self-measuring laser, comprising: an electronic control module, a power supply module, and a laser module; the electronic control module includes a memory and a controller, the controller being connected to the memory; the power supply module is connected to the controller and configured to transmit a corresponding current to the laser module according to instructions from the controller; the power supply module is also connected to the laser module and includes an ammeter, which is connected to the controller; the laser module is configured to generate laser light with a corresponding power based on the current. This utility model solves the technical problem in related technologies where the laser power detection method requires the use of photoelectric sensors to detect the fiber strength in the optical fiber, which is not only inaccurate but also prone to damaging the optical fiber and causing errors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser technology, and in particular to a laser with self-testing power. Background Technology

[0002] In the current use of fiber lasers, power monitoring is required to identify the current laser power and perform logical judgments and protection functions. The commonly used power monitoring method involves pressing a photodiode onto an optical fiber, detecting the laser intensity and converting it into an electrical signal. This signal is then compared with data stored internally in a microcontroller to calculate the current laser power.

[0003] This laser power monitoring method has significant shortcomings in related technologies. After prolonged use, the optical fiber ages, and the leakage laser light from the aged fiber is stronger than in its original state. This can lead to a higher monitored power than the actual power, affecting data accuracy. Silicon photodiodes have limitations in detection energy intensity; they are prone to damage at excessively high laser energies, resulting in erroneous detection data. Furthermore, the electrical signal generated by the silicon photodiode is an analog signal, typically below 5V. In environments with strong interference, the analog voltage is easily affected, ultimately leading to inaccurate power calculations.

[0004] Currently, there is no effective solution to the technical problem that the laser power detection method requires the use of photoelectric sensors to detect the fiber strength in the optical fiber. This method is not only inaccurate but also prone to damaging the optical fiber and causing errors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a laser for self-testing power, which at least solves the technical problem in the related art that the laser power needs to be detected by using a photoelectric sensor to detect the fiber strength in the optical fiber, and the method of detecting the laser power is not only inaccurate, but also prone to damaging the optical fiber and making errors.

[0006] This invention provides a laser with self-testing power, comprising: an electronic control module, a power supply module, and a laser module; the electronic control module includes a memory and a controller, the controller being connected to the memory; the power supply module is connected to the controller and configured to transmit a corresponding current to the laser module according to instructions from the controller; the power supply module is also connected to the laser module and includes an ammeter, the ammeter being connected to the controller; the laser module is configured to generate a laser with a corresponding power based on the current.

[0007] In one embodiment of this utility model, the controller is connected to the display; the display is fixed on the housing of the laser; the display also includes control buttons, which are connected to the controller.

[0008] In one embodiment of this utility model, the laser module includes a laser optical path and a laser output head. The laser optical path is connected to the power supply module and is connected to the power supply module through a power supply line. The output end of the laser optical path is also connected to the laser output head. The ammeter is disposed on the power supply line.

[0009] In one embodiment of this utility model, the power module and the controller are connected via a CAN communication bus or an RS485 communication line.

[0010] In one embodiment of this utility model, the CAN communication bus includes a first communication chip, a first surge protection valve, and a first electronic connector; two CAN communication pins of the first communication chip are connected to two connection pins of the first electronic connector, and the two connection pins of the first electronic connector are configured as connection pins of the CAN communication bus; the first surge protection valve includes two input / output pins and a ground pin, and the two CAN communication pins of the first communication chip are also connected to the two input / output pins of the first surge protection valve, and the ground pin is grounded.

[0011] In one embodiment of this utility model, the input pin and output pin of the first communication chip are respectively connected to the input pin and output pin of the controller through independent connection circuits, and a first series resistor is provided on the connection circuit; a decoupling capacitor is provided between the ground pin and the power supply pin of the first communication chip.

[0012] In one embodiment of this utility model, the RS485 communication line includes a second communication chip, a second surge protector, a second electronic connector, and a third electronic connector; two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip are connected to two connection pins of the second electronic connector, and the two connection pins of the second electronic connector are connected to two connection pins of the third electronic connector, the two connection pins of the third electronic connector being configured as connection pins of the RS485 communication line; the second surge protector includes two input / output pins and a ground pin, the two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip are also connected to the two input / output pins of the second surge protector, and the ground pin is grounded.

[0013] In one embodiment of this utility model, the input pin and output pin of the second communication chip are connected to the input pin and output pin of the controller respectively through independent connection circuits, and a second series resistor and a pull-up resistor are provided on the connection circuits. The pull-up resistor is located between the connection circuit and the power module. The grounding pin is also connected to the two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip through a series protection resistor.

[0014] In one embodiment of this utility model, the electronic control module further includes a communication device; the communication device is connected to the controller, and the communication device is configured to be connected to a host computer, which is equipped with a user interaction device.

[0015] In one embodiment of this utility model, the power supply module further includes a calibration circuit; the calibration circuit is connected to the controller and the laser module; the calibration circuit includes a first operational amplifier, a pull-down circuit, a second operational amplifier, and an adjustment MOSFET; the input pin of the first operational amplifier is connected to the controller, the output pin of the first operational amplifier corresponding to the input pin is connected to the input pin of the second operational amplifier through the pull-down circuit, and the output pin of the second operational amplifier is connected to the adjustment MOSFET, wherein the first operational amplifier includes two types of input pins and output pins; the pull-down circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a digital potentiometer, and a capacitor; one end of the first resistor is connected to the output pin of the first operational amplifier, and the other end is connected to the input pin of the second operational amplifier and one end of the second resistor; the other end of the second resistor is connected to one fixed terminal of the digital potentiometer, and the other fixed terminal and the sliding terminal of the digital potentiometer are both grounded; the capacitor is disposed between the sliding terminal of the digital potentiometer and the input pin of the second operational amplifier.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solution of this utility model has the following advantages: The power supply module is controlled by the electronic control module to transmit a corresponding current to the laser module, and the laser module outputs laser light according to the current transmitted by the power supply module. An ammeter is installed in the power supply module to measure the magnitude of the current transmitted from the power supply module to the laser module. The output laser power of the laser module can be calculated by measuring the measured current. This effectively solves the technical problem in related technologies where the laser power needs to be detected by using a photoelectric sensor to detect the fiber strength in the optical fiber. This method is not only inaccurate but also prone to damaging the optical fiber and causing errors. The solution achieves the technical effect of high accuracy in power detection without damaging the optical fiber. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-testing power laser in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the CAN communication bus and the controller in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the RS485 communication line and the controller in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the calibration circuit in an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0024] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0025] See Figures 1 to 4As shown, this application provides a self-testing power laser, including: an electronic control module, a power supply module, and a laser module; the electronic control module includes a memory and a controller, the controller being connected to the memory; the power supply module is connected to the controller and is configured to transmit a corresponding current to the laser module according to the instructions of the controller; the power supply module is also connected to the laser module and includes an ammeter, the ammeter being connected to the controller; the laser module is configured to generate a laser with a corresponding power according to the current.

[0026] The electronic control module receives current feedback signals, queries power correspondences, controls the power module output, and performs system status monitoring and anomaly handling. The controller runs preset programs, processes sensor signals, performs logical operations, and sends control commands. Different controller options can be selected based on accuracy requirements and cost budgets, as detailed below.

[0027] Using a microcontroller as the controller, the current signal from the ammeter is acquired through the built-in ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) interface. The output current of the power module is controlled using GPIO (General-Purpose Input / Output) or PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). Simultaneously, the current-power correspondence table is stored in the on-chip Flash memory. Microcontrollers offer advantages such as low cost, high integration, and the ability to meet basic control and computational needs.

[0028] Digital signal processors (DSPs) have advantages in numerical computation and real-time signal processing as controllers. They possess sophisticated power compensation algorithms or faster response speeds, making them suitable for scenarios with extremely high power detection accuracy requirements.

[0029] Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) serve as controllers. When the product in this embodiment requires large-scale mass production and has fixed functions, the controller, memory, and other functions can be integrated into a customized ASIC. ASICs have advantages such as small size, low power consumption, and strong anti-interference capabilities.

[0030] Embedded modules with processors can be used as controllers. For scenarios that require networking, data uploading, or complex human-computer interaction, embedded modules with operating systems can be used to implement more flexible control logic through existing open-source operating systems.

[0031] The memory is used to store the operating program, standard parameters, and data of the electronic control module. It may include read-only memory / Flash memory, which stores the fixed control program, such as startup logic and control algorithm. The data will not be lost after power failure. Random access memory temporarily stores real-time data, such as instantaneous values ​​collected by sensors and intermediate calculation results. The data will be cleared after power failure.

[0032] The control program needs to be stored in non-volatile memory such as Flash memory, including system startup logic, power calculation algorithm, closed-loop regulation program, etc., to ensure that the device can run automatically after power-on.

[0033] The calibration parameter table is a current-power correspondence table. Through preliminary calibration experiments, the actual laser power corresponding to different current values ​​is stored as discrete data or fitted curves for the controller to query and convert in real time. Standard parameters must be permanently stored in non-volatile memory such as Flash or Read-Only Memory to ensure the permanence and reliability of calibration parameters.

[0034] The data includes real-time collected current values, calculated power values, and user-set target power. It can use random access memory, and the data is cleared after power failure, making it suitable for temporary caching.

[0035] The power module provides a stable and controllable power supply to the entire system. Based on the instructions from the electronic control module, it outputs a stable and adjustable current to the laser module, ensuring precise control of the laser power. The power supply method for the power module needs to be selected according to the laser's application scenario, power requirements, and operating environment. Power sources can include the following methods.

[0036] For large, fixed-installation lasers used in industrial processing, mains power can be used, with an AC-to-DC converter circuit converting 220V / 110V AC power into the DC power required by the system. Using mains power offers the advantages of stable power supply and sufficient power.

[0037] Portable or mobile lasers, such as handheld laser devices, can be directly connected to DC voltages such as 12V / 24V. Lithium-ion battery packs have high energy density and can provide long-lasting power; rechargeable batteries are also relatively inexpensive and suitable for low-power devices. DC power sources such as rechargeable batteries and lithium-ion battery packs require charging management circuitry to ensure safe charging and discharging of the batteries.

[0038] For low-power lasers, such as small laboratory laser modules, power can be drawn from a USB interface. If a 5V / 1A standard is adopted, no additional power adapter is required, making it convenient to use.

[0039] A dedicated DC power adapter is an intermediate conversion device between mains power and the equipment. It converts mains power into a specific DC voltage, which is the current and voltage required by the laser. It has a stable output and overcurrent protection and can be widely used in small and medium-sized laser systems.

[0040] In addition to the power sources mentioned above, the power module also includes corresponding adapter circuits, such as rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation units, to ensure that the input raw power is converted into the stable voltage and current required by the laser module and electronic control module, while taking into account efficiency, safety, and anti-interference capabilities.

[0041] The power module has a built-in ammeter that monitors the current output to the laser module in real time. It is also connected to the controller in the electronic control module to feed the data back to the controller for power calculation. The ammeter is a miniature current detection circuit integrated into the power module. The detection method can be designed according to the application scenario, as detailed below.

[0042] For small to medium power lasers used in laboratories, medical applications, etc., the shunt resistor method can be used to measure the current. The current flows through a shunt resistor with a known resistance value, and the current is calculated according to U=I×R. This method has the advantages of low cost, fast response, and high accuracy.

[0043] For industrial-grade high-power lasers used in cutting, welding, and other applications, the Hall sensor method can be used. This method utilizes the Hall effect of a Hall current sensor to measure the current by sensing the magnitude of the current through changes in the magnetic field. It features good isolation, strong anti-interference capabilities, and suitability for high-current measurements.

[0044] The cost of the aforementioned current detection circuit is far lower than that of high-precision photoelectric sensors, and it avoids the aging and contamination issues associated with optical components, such as dust accumulation on the lens of a photoelectric sensor leading to detection deviations. Whether it's a continuous-wave laser or a pulsed laser, as long as the current-power relationship is calibrated, it can be detected using this method without needing to replace the sensor for different wavelengths or fiber types.

[0045] Laser modules generate laser light with corresponding power based on input current. They integrate laser generation, control, and output functions, and are widely used in industrial processing, medical aesthetics, scientific research, and consumer electronics. Laser modules eliminate the need for users to build complex laser generation circuits; the laser output can be directly controlled by external drive signals, such as current or PWM signals.

[0046] A laser module comprises a laser source, an optical system, and a heat dissipation structure. These components work together to generate a stable and controllable laser beam. The structure of a laser module can vary depending on power, wavelength, and application scenario.

[0047] The laser source is responsible for converting the electrical energy supplied by the power module into light energy, i.e., laser light. Laser sources can be laser diodes, solid-state lasers, gas lasers, etc.

[0048] The optical system optimizes the original beam output from the laser source, including a collimating lens to convert the diverging beam into parallel light, a focusing lens to converge the parallel light into a small point to increase energy density, and a filter to filter stray light.

[0049] The heat dissipation structure is used to dissipate heat and prevent the machine from burning out. Laser modules generate a large amount of heat during operation, especially medium- and high-power modules. Poor heat dissipation can lead to accelerated aging of the light source or even burnout. Heat dissipation mechanisms can include heat sinks, cooling fans, and water-cooling channels.

[0050] See Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in one embodiment of this utility model, the controller is connected to the display; the display is fixed on the housing of the laser; the display also includes control buttons, which are connected to the controller.

[0051] The controller connects to the display, allowing operators to intuitively monitor the laser status and easily set parameters, significantly improving the ease of use and operability of the equipment, especially suitable for industrial and laboratory scenarios that require on-site debugging or real-time monitoring.

[0052] The controller acts as the central hub for interactive logic processing, sending data to be displayed to the screen, parsing and executing commands from the control buttons.

[0053] The display is a visual output of status and data. It receives display signals from the controller and displays key information such as power, current, and operating mode in real time.

[0054] Control buttons serve as the input interface for manual commands, sending on / off / level signals to the controller for operators to set parameters, switch modes, start and stop equipment, etc. In laser scenarios, the display does not require complex image display functions; it only needs to be data readable and environmentally adaptable. The type of display can include the following, depending on the applicable scenario.

[0055] Segment LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens can be used in small portable lasers and low-power scenarios. They feature extremely low power consumption, low cost, strong anti-interference, and the ability to display only fixed characters / numbers.

[0056] Dot matrix LCD screens can be used in mid-to-high-end lasers and scenarios that require displaying multiple parameters. They can display custom characters and simple graphics, such as power curves, and offer high flexibility.

[0057] OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens can be used in precision laboratory lasers and other scenarios with high display requirements. They offer high contrast, fast response, and are self-emissive, eliminating the need for backlighting, but they are also more expensive.

[0058] Digital tube displays can be used in industrial workshops with high-power lasers and strong light environments. They only display the core power / current value, have a simple structure, high brightness, and are suitable for long-distance reading.

[0059] Control buttons should be designed according to the operating frequency and command type, and can be mechanical buttons or tactile switches. Button signals must be connected to the controller through a filtering circuit to avoid false triggering caused by mechanical vibration. The emergency stop button should be designed with hardware-level interlocking, directly linked to the power module's power-off circuit, rather than relying solely on software control, to ensure safety.

[0060] The signal lines for the monitor and buttons must be wired separately from the high-current lines of the power module to avoid electromagnetic interference that could cause garbled display or accidental button triggering.

[0061] For industrial applications, industrial-grade displays and buttons are required, meaning they must support operating temperatures from -40°C to 85°C and have a waterproof and dustproof rating of IP65 or higher. IP65 is an internationally recognized enclosure protection rating standard used to measure the ability of electrical equipment enclosures to protect against the intrusion of solid foreign objects and liquids.

[0062] The emergency stop button must meet safety standards to ensure that the laser output is cut off first under any circumstances, thus ensuring safety.

[0063] The combination of the controller, display, and control buttons upgrades the self-testing power laser from a purely hardware control device to an interactive intelligent device. The user-friendly interaction lowers the operating threshold and makes it more suitable for the needs of real-world application scenarios.

[0064] See Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in one embodiment of this utility model, the laser module includes a laser optical path and a laser output head. The laser optical path is connected to the power supply module, and the laser optical path is connected to the power supply module through a power supply line. The output end of the laser optical path is also connected to the laser output head. An ammeter is installed on the power supply line.

[0065] The laser optical path, as the core of the laser module, includes key components such as laser diodes, resonant cavities, and optical lenses. Its function is to convert electrical energy into laser light of a specific wavelength and power. The laser optical path is connected to the power supply module and receives current through the power supply lines; the magnitude of the current directly determines the laser output power.

[0066] The ammeter is connected in series with the power supply line to ensure that it can directly measure the entire operating current flowing through the laser beam path without shunt error, resulting in more accurate data. The ammeter feeds back the real-time current signal to the controller, providing raw data for power calculation. The controller, in turn, can control the power module to output the corresponding current and thus the corresponding laser power by executing relevant instructions from the operator.

[0067] The ammeter is installed on the power supply line to directly monitor the operating current of the laser beam path, eliminating current interference from other circuits within the power module and ensuring that the data reflects only the true energy consumption of laser emission. The short current signal transmission path and low delay allow for rapid response to current changes in the laser beam path, making it suitable for dynamic power adjustment scenarios.

[0068] The laser output head is connected to the laser optical path, transmitting the laser generated by the optical path to the output head, which then outputs the laser to the external working environment. The laser output head includes a focusing lens and a protective lens.

[0069] In one embodiment of this utility model, the power module and the controller are connected via a CAN communication bus or an RS485 communication line.

[0070] Both CAN communication bus and RS485 communication line are communication methods that enable bidirectional data exchange between the controller and the power module. The controller transmits data to the power module to precisely control its output state and achieve laser power adjustment. The power module's ammeter transmits data to the controller, providing power calculation data for status monitoring and protection.

[0071] The CAN (Controller Area Network) communication bus transmits signals via differential signals and features built-in error detection and automatic retransmission mechanisms, making it highly resistant to interference. The CAN communication bus supports real-time transmission of short messages, up to 8 bytes, with a fast response time down to the microsecond level. CAN communication bus wiring requires shielded twisted-pair cable, with 120Ω terminating resistors at both ends of the bus. The controller must integrate both a CAN controller and a CAN transceiver, resulting in higher costs.

[0072] Differential signal transmission uses the voltage difference between two wires to represent data. Shielded twisted-pair cable, with the shield grounded, should be used to avoid parallel routing with high-voltage cables (such as 220V power lines) to reduce electromagnetic coupling interference. 120Ω terminating resistors must be connected at both ends of the CAN bus to match the bus impedance and prevent signal reflection.

[0073] Scenarios where CAN bus is preferred include: high-power or multi-module lasers, such as industrial laser cutting machine tools, which require simultaneous control of multiple power modules; CAN's multi-master-slave mechanism and priority arbitration ensure that critical commands, such as emergency shutdown, are executed first; scenarios with high real-time requirements, such as pulsed lasers, which require rapid transmission of current commands and feedback data; and highly interference-prone industrial environments, such as machine shops and metallurgical workshops, where CAN's strong anti-interference and error retransmission mechanisms can prevent power fluctuations or equipment failures caused by interference.

[0074] RS485 communication cables transmit signals via differential signals, offering strong interference resistance, but require additional error detection design. RS485 communication cables can transmit long messages, with transmission efficiency depending on the protocol. Shielded twisted-pair cable must be used when laying RS485 communication cables, and a 120Ω terminating resistor should be used when the transmission distance exceeds 100 meters. Using RS485 communication cables, the controller only requires a UART and an RS485 transceiver, resulting in lower costs.

[0075] Scenarios where RS485 communication lines are preferred include medium and low power single-module lasers, such as laboratory laser modules, which only require one-to-one communication. RS485 has low cost, simple protocol, and low development difficulty. For long-distance wiring scenarios, such as outdoor laser rangefinding equipment where the power module and the controller are separately installed, RS485 has obvious advantages in long-distance transmission at low speeds. For scenarios with low system integration requirements, such as stand-alone lasers that do not need to access a multi-node bus, RS485 is sufficient to meet basic communication needs.

[0076] Traditional analog signals are vulnerable to electromagnetic interference from devices such as motors and frequency converters in industrial environments, resulting in data distortion. In contrast, CAN communication buses or RS485 communication lines use differential signal transmission, which can effectively cancel out common-mode interference and ensure data stability.

[0077] The transmission distance of traditional analog signals usually does not exceed 10 meters, while CAN communication buses or RS485 communication lines can transmit several kilometers at low speeds, which is suitable for scenarios such as large industrial laser cutting equipment where the laser and the power module are separately installed.

[0078] CAN communication buses or RS485 communication lines have strong functional expandability and support multi-node communication. For example, a controller can simultaneously connect multiple power modules through a CAN communication bus or an RS485 communication line to drive multiple laser heads and achieve multi-optical path collaborative control. The power module can also be connected to the system bus and interact with other devices, such as temperature sensors and cooling systems.

[0079] Fault diagnosis of CAN communication buses or RS485 communication lines is also more convenient. The CAN bus has a built-in error detection mechanism that can automatically identify transmission errors and give feedback. RS485 can add parity bits through the upper-layer protocol, which is convenient for locating problems such as communication interruption and data errors, reducing the maintenance difficulty.

[0080] In summary, in the communication between the power module and the controller of a self-test power laser, the CAN communication bus or the RS485 communication line is the main channel connecting the controller and the power module. Both achieve high-reliability communication through differential transmission. Among them, the CAN communication bus is more suitable for industrial scenarios with high real-time requirements, multi-nodes, and strong interference, while the RS485 communication line is more suitable for medium and low power scenarios with low cost, long distance, and single node.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present utility model, as Figure 2As shown, the CAN communication bus includes a first communication chip U13, a first surge protector D12, and a first electronic connector P11. The two CAN communication pins of the first communication chip U13 are connected to the two connection pins of the first electronic connector P11, and the two connection pins of the first electronic connector P11 are configured as connection pins for the CAN communication bus. The first surge protector D12 includes two input / output pins and a ground pin. The two CAN communication pins of the first communication chip U13 are also connected to the two input / output pins of the first surge protector D12, and the ground pin is grounded.

[0082] The first communication chip U13 is an isolated CAN transceiver chip, a module integrating CAN transceiver and isolation functions. Internally, it includes a CAN protocol controller interface, an isolation barrier, and a CAN communication bus transceiver. As a signal converter between the controller and the CAN communication bus, the first communication chip U13 converts the digital logic signals output by the controller into differential signals for the CAN communication bus, and simultaneously restores the differential signals on the CAN communication bus into digital signals recognizable by the MCU.

[0083] The functions of each pin of the first communication chip U13 are as follows.

[0084] The data receive output pin RXD converts the differential signal received on the CAN communication bus into a logic level signal and then sends it to the CAN input pin of the controller.

[0085] The data transmission input pin TXD is connected to the CAN output pin of the controller. It is used to receive logic level signals from the controller and convert the logic level signals into differential signals suitable for transmission on the CAN communication bus.

[0086] The ground pin GND provides the chip's ground reference potential.

[0087] The power input pin VCC is connected to a 3.3V or 5V power supply to power the internal logic circuits of the chip.

[0088] The CANH pin, a high-level signal pin on the CAN bus, is connected to the high-level differential line of the CAN communication bus and is used to output and receive high-level differential signals from the CAN communication bus.

[0089] The CANL pin, a low-level signal pin on the CAN bus, is connected to the low-level differential line of the CAN communication bus and is used to output and receive low-level differential signals from the CAN communication bus.

[0090] The first surge protection valve D12 is a low-capacitance bidirectional transient voltage suppression diode array. It is mainly used in circuits to absorb instantaneous high-voltage surges on the bus, such as electrostatic discharge, lightning strike induction, and pulse interference generated by motor start-up and shutdown, to prevent surge voltage from breaking down communication chips or intruding into the internal circuit of the controller. It is especially suitable for the protection of high-speed serial communication interfaces such as CAN and RS485.

[0091] The first surge protection valve D12 is a bidirectional TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) diode array. Two TVS diodes are connected in parallel between the high-level signal pin CANH and the bus ground pin CANGND, and the low-level signal pin CANL and the bus ground pin CANGND, respectively. When the CAN communication bus is subjected to a momentary high-voltage surge, the TVS diodes break down and conduct, dissipating the surge energy to the bus ground pin CANGND, which is the ground terminal of the CAN bus, thus protecting the CAN communication bus circuit of the first communication chip U13.

[0092] The first surge protector, type D12, can be either a TVS diode array or a varistor. TVS diode arrays feature fast response times (nanosecond level) and can absorb instantaneous surges of hundreds of volts. Varistors are low-cost and suitable for moderate surge protection, but their response time is slower, and they are usually used in conjunction with TVS diodes.

[0093] The first electronic connector, P11, serves as the physical interface for the CAN communication bus, enabling a detachable connection between the device's internal circuitry and the external bus for easy installation and maintenance. The two connection pins correspond to CAN_N and CAN_P respectively, and are indirectly connected to the communication chip's high-level signal pin (CANH) and low-level signal pin (CANL) via surge protection valves, ensuring that the external bus is surge-protected before connection. In industrial applications, connectors with shielded housings are typically selected. These housings are grounded to the device casing, further enhancing anti-interference capabilities.

[0094] The controller's input pins are connected to the data receive output pin RXD of the first communication chip U13 to receive data transmitted from the CAN communication bus. The controller's output pins are connected to the data transmit input pin TXD of the first communication chip U13 to transmit data to the CAN bus. The controller's digital ground is connected to the ground pin GND of U13, providing a reference ground for the first communication chip U13.

[0095] The power supply pin of the first communication chip U13 is connected to 3.3VD, i.e., a 3.3V digital power supply, to power the internal circuitry of U13. The high-level bus signal pin CANH and the low-level bus signal pin CANL of U13 are the core channels for connecting to the external CAN communication bus, used to output differential signals conforming to the CAN standard.

[0096] The first electronic connector P11 is the physical interface of the CAN communication bus, consisting of two pins, pin 1 and pin 2. Pin 1 connects to the low-level signal pin CANL of the first communication chip U13, and is led out as CAN_N, corresponding to the low-level differential line of the CAN communication bus. Pin 2 connects to the high-level signal pin CANH of the first communication chip U13, and is led out as CAN_P, corresponding to the high-level differential line of the CAN communication bus.

[0097] The first surge protection valve D12 is a bidirectional TVS diode array. Two TVS diodes are connected in parallel between the high-level signal pin CANH and the bus ground pin CANGND, and between the low-level signal pin CANL and the bus ground pin CANGND, respectively. When the CAN communication bus is subjected to a momentary high-voltage surge, the TVS diodes break down and conduct, dissipating the surge energy to the bus ground pin CANGND, which is the ground terminal of the CAN bus, thus protecting the CAN communication bus circuit of the first communication chip U13.

[0098] The first communication chip U13 is an isolated CAN transceiver chip, a module integrating CAN transceiver and isolation functions. Internally, it includes a CAN protocol controller interface, an isolation barrier, and a CAN communication bus transceiver. As a signal converter between the controller and the CAN communication bus, the first communication chip U13 converts the digital logic signals output by the controller into differential signals for the CAN communication bus, and simultaneously restores the differential signals on the CAN communication bus into digital signals recognizable by the MCU.

[0099] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 2 As shown, the input and output pins of the first communication chip U13 are connected to the input and output pins of the controller respectively through independent connection circuits, and the connection circuits are equipped with first series resistors R38 and R39; a decoupling capacitor is provided between the ground pin and the power supply pin of the first communication chip U13.

[0100] The controller's input pins are connected to the data receive output pin RXD of the first communication chip U13, used to receive data transmitted from the CAN communication bus. The controller's output pins are connected to the data transmit input pin TXD of the first communication chip U13, used to transmit data to the CAN bus.

[0101] Independent connection circuits are connected to the input and output pins of the controller respectively. The two signal lines are physically isolated to avoid mutual inductance coupling interference during high-frequency signal transmission and to ensure the integrity of the signal waveform during high-speed communication.

[0102] A 33Ω series resistor R38 and R39 are connected in series between the data receive output pin RXD and the controller input pin, and between the data transmit input pin TXD and the controller output pin of the first communication chip U13. The resistance values ​​of the first series resistors R38 and R39 can be between 22Ω and 100Ω.

[0103] The output impedance and characteristic impedance of the controller pins differ from the input impedance of the first communication chip U13. Setting a first series resistor in the connection circuit can compensate for the impedance mismatch, reduce reflections in signal transmission, and avoid logical misjudgments caused by signal superposition.

[0104] When a high voltage is accidentally introduced into the controller or the first communication chip U13 pin, such as during electrostatic discharge, the resistor can limit the peak current. That is, according to I=U / R, the resistor can limit the peak current and protect the protection diode inside the chip from being broken down.

[0105] The first series resistor attenuates high-frequency glitches caused by electromagnetic interference, while its impact on low-frequency signals of the CAN communication bus is negligible.

[0106] A 100nF / 50V decoupling capacitor C38 should be connected in parallel between the power input pin VCC (pin 4) of the first communication chip U13 and the ground pin GND, and the capacitor should be soldered close to the pin of the first communication chip U13.

[0107] Decoupling capacitors can be selected based on the application scenario, including: ceramic capacitors, suitable for high-frequency scenarios, characterized by fast high-frequency response, small size, and low cost; electrolytic capacitors, the mainstay of large-capacity low-frequency decoupling, suitable for filtering low-frequency noise, with large capacitance, providing continuous low-frequency current compensation, and alleviating the load surge pressure on the power adapter; film capacitors, a supplementary choice for high-frequency and high-stability scenarios, non-polarized, suitable for AC circuits, anti-aging, and temperature-stable, suitable for industrial equipment that operates in high-temperature or humid environments for extended periods; and solid-state capacitors, suitable for scenarios with extremely high reliability requirements.

[0108] Decoupling capacitors serve to filter out power supply noise, suppress electromagnetic radiation, and stabilize the chip's operating point, as detailed below.

[0109] The First Communication U13 chip draws a pulsating current from the power supply during signal transmission, which is a high-frequency component and causes noise on the 3.3V power line. The decoupling capacitor provides instantaneous current, absorbs the noise, and ensures a stable power supply for the First Communication U13 chip.

[0110] If left untreated, power supply noise can radiate to the CAN communication bus or other circuits through wires. Decoupling capacitors can limit high-frequency noise to the vicinity of the first communication chip U13 and discharge it through a grounding loop, reducing external interference.

[0111] Stabilizing the chip's operating point can prevent power supply voltage fluctuations from causing errors in the signal recognition threshold of the first communication chip U13, such as incorrect judgment levels for logic 0 or 2, thus ensuring correct parsing of controller signals.

[0112] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3 As shown, the RS485 communication line includes a second communication chip U12, a second surge protector D11, a second electronic connector P10, and a third electronic connector P9. The two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip U12 are connected to the two connection pins of the second electronic connector P10, and the two connection pins of the second electronic connector P10 are connected to the two connection pins of the third electronic connector P9. The two connection pins of the third electronic connector P9 are configured as connection pins for the RS485 communication line. The second surge protector D11 includes two input / output pins and a ground pin. The two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip U12 are also connected to the two input / output pins of the second surge protector D11, and the ground pin is grounded.

[0113] The second communication chip U12 is an automatic transmit / receive isolated RS485 transceiver. As a signal converter between the controller and the RS485 communication line, it converts the logic level signal output by the controller into a differential signal of the RS485 standard, and at the same time restores the differential signal on the bus to the logic level.

[0114] The second surge protection valve D11 is a bidirectional TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) diode array that can be used to absorb transient high voltages on RS485 communication lines, such as electrostatic discharge (ESD), lightning strikes, and motor interference, preventing surge voltages from damaging the communication chip or intruding into the controller.

[0115] The second electronic connector P10 and the third electronic connector P9 are cascaded to achieve a detachable connection between the internal circuitry and the external bus, while reserving expansion space for wiring and protection, such as connecting a terminating resistor or surge protection module in series. For industrial applications, connectors with shielded housings can be selected; the shielding housing is connected to the equipment ground to enhance electromagnetic interference immunity.

[0116] When an external bus introduces a surge voltage (such as electrostatic discharge or lightning strike), the surge voltage is conducted through the third electronic connector P9 and the second electronic connector P10 to the input / output pins of the second surge protector D11. When the voltage exceeds the breakdown threshold of the surge protector, the device quickly conducts, reducing the impedance between the differential signal line and ground to an extremely low level. Most of the surge energy is discharged to the protective ground through the grounding pin, and the remaining voltage is limited to the range that the communication chip can withstand. After the surge disappears, the second surge protector D11 automatically returns to a high-impedance state, without affecting normal communication.

[0117] like Figure 3 As shown, the controller's RS485 input pin is connected to the data receive output pin RXD of the second communication chip U12, used to receive data transmitted from the RS485 communication line. The controller's RS485 output pin is connected to the data transmit input pin TXD of the second communication chip U12, used to transmit data to the RS485 bus.

[0118] The controller's digital ground is connected to the ground pin GND of the second communication chip U12, providing a reference ground for the second communication chip U12. The power supply pin of the second communication chip U12 is connected to 3.3VD, i.e., a 3.3V digital power supply, to power the internal circuitry of the second communication chip U12.

[0119] A 100nF / 50V decoupling capacitor C57 should be connected in parallel between the power input pin VCC (pin 4) of the second communication chip U12 and the ground pin GND. The capacitor should be soldered close to the pin of the second communication chip U12.

[0120] The second communication chip U12's isolation-side power output pin VO provides power to the isolated circuit. The RS485 differential signal output pins A and B of the second communication chip U12 are the core channels for connecting to the external RS485 communication line, outputting differential signals conforming to the RS485 standard, with pin A being the positive terminal and pin B the negative terminal. The isolation-side ground pin R485GND of the second communication chip U12 provides a ground reference for the isolated circuit and is electrically isolated from the controller-side ground pin GND.

[0121] like Figure 3 As shown, two TVS diodes are connected in parallel between the differential signal output pin A and the isolation-side ground pin R485GND, and between the differential signal output pin B and the isolation-side ground pin R485GND, respectively. When the RS485 communication line is subjected to a momentary high-voltage surge, the TVS diodes break down and conduct, dissipating the surge energy to the isolation-side ground pin R485GND. The isolation-side ground pin R485GND is the ground terminal of the RS485 communication line, protecting the RS485 communication line circuit of the second communication chip U12.

[0122] The second electronic connector P10 and the third electronic connector P9 are the physical interfaces of the RS485 communication line, each containing two pins. Pin 1 of the second electronic connector P10 connects to line A, and is led out as the positive terminal of RS485, RS485T2_N. Pin 2 of the second electronic connector P10 connects to line B, and is led out as the negative terminal of RS485, RS485T2_P. The third electronic connector P9 serves as an external expansion interface, corresponding one-to-one with the pins of the second electronic connector P10, enabling the extension of the RS485 bus or parallel connection of multiple devices.

[0123] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3 As shown, the data transmission input pin TXD and data reception output pin RXD of the second communication chip U12 are connected to the input and output pins of the controller respectively through independent connection circuits. The connection circuits are equipped with second series resistors R32 and R34 and pull-up resistors R28 and R29. The pull-up resistors are located between the connection circuit and the power module. The grounding pin is also connected to the two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip U12 through series protection resistors R35 and R37.

[0124] The values ​​of the second series resistors R32 and R34 can be between 22Ω and 100Ω; in this embodiment, 33Ω resistors are used. The second series resistors R32 and R34 are used for impedance matching, reducing RS485 bus signal reflection and ensuring signal integrity during high-speed communication.

[0125] The second series resistor R32 is connected in series between the data transmission input pin TXD of the second communication chip U12 and the controller output pin; R34 is connected in series between the data reception output pin RXD of the second communication chip U12 and the controller input pin.

[0126] Pull-up resistors R28 and R29 are 5.1kΩ resistors used for biasing the signal level on the controller side, ensuring that the controller input and output pins are at a high level when idle. This prevents the level from becoming an uncertain intermediate level due to external interference caused by floating pins, and prevents the second communication chip U12 or the controller from misinterpreting the signal.

[0127] One end of pull-up resistor R28 is connected to the node between the controller output pin and R34, and the other end is connected to the power supply module (3.3VD); one end of R29 is connected to the node between the controller input pin and R32, and the other end is connected to the power supply module (3.3VD).

[0128] The protection resistors R35 and R37 are 1kΩ resistors used for biasing the bus in idle state. R37 pulls line A up to VO (3.3V), and R35 pulls line B down to the isolation side ground pin R485GND, which is the ground terminal of the RS485 communication line; this ensures that the RS485 communication line is stable at logic 1 when there is no data transmission, avoiding signal misinterpretation.

[0129] R35 is connected at one end to pin B of the second communication chip U12, and at the other end to the ground pin R485GND of the second communication chip U12. R37 is connected at one end to the RS485 communication pin A of the second communication chip U12, and at the other end to the isolation power supply VO (3.3V) of U12.

[0130] The data transmission input pin TXD and the data reception output pin RXD of the second communication chip U12 are connected to the controller through independent connection circuits. The two independent signal lines are physically isolated to avoid mutual inductance coupling interference during high-frequency signal transmission and to ensure the integrity of the logic level signal waveform.

[0131] See Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in one embodiment of this utility model, the electronic control module further includes a communication device; the communication device is connected to the controller, and the communication device is configured to be connected to a host computer, which is equipped with a user interaction device.

[0132] The communication device is used to realize bidirectional data transmission between the controller and the host computer. It supports specific communication protocols, such as serial communication protocols, industrial Ethernet protocols, serial communication bus standards, transmission control protocols / Internet Protocol, etc., to ensure compatibility with the host computer. The communication device has signal conversion capabilities to adapt to the interface differences between the controller and the host computer. The communication device also includes isolation and protection designs, such as opto-isolation and surge protection, to improve the anti-interference capability in industrial environments.

[0133] The communication device is connected to the controller. The controller is mainly connected to the communication device through a hardware interface or internal bus, sending control commands to the communication device and receiving upper computer commands or status data transmitted back by the communication device.

[0134] The host computer is the system's management and interaction terminal, typically an industrial computer, server, or dedicated control panel, running human-machine interface software. The host computer is physically connected to communication devices via communication interfaces such as RS485 serial ports, Ethernet ports, and CAN buses to transmit and receive data.

[0135] User interaction devices are the medium through which operators interact with the host computer. Common forms include physical buttons and knobs for manual input of commands; displays, such as touch screens and industrial monitors, for displaying system status and parameters; and software interfaces, such as PC-based monitoring software and mobile apps, for remote operation and data viewing.

[0136] In one embodiment of this utility model, the power supply module further includes a calibration circuit; the calibration circuit is connected to the controller and the laser module. Figure 4 As shown, the calibration circuit includes a first operational amplifier U4, a pull-down circuit, a second operational amplifier U5, and an adjustment MOSFET Q1.

[0137] The input pin +INA of the first operational amplifier U4 is connected to the controller. The inverting input pin -INA of the first operational amplifier U4 is connected to the output pin OUTA. Then, through a pull-down circuit, it is connected to the input pin +INA of the second operational amplifier U5. The inverting input pin -INA of the second operational amplifier U5 is connected to the output pin OUTA and then connected to the regulating MOSFET Q1. The first operational amplifier U4 includes two types of input pins and output pins.

[0138] The pull-down circuit includes a first resistor R2, a second resistor R3, a digital potentiometer RP1, and a capacitor. One end of the first resistor R2 is connected to the output pin OUTA of the first operational amplifier U4, and the other end is connected to the input pin +INA of the second operational amplifier U5 and one end of the second resistor R3. The other end of the second resistor R3 is connected to one fixed terminal of the digital potentiometer RP1, and the other fixed terminal and the sliding terminal of the digital potentiometer RP1 are both grounded. A capacitor is provided between the sliding terminal of the digital potentiometer RP1 and the input pin +INA of the second operational amplifier U5.

[0139] The first operational amplifier U4 is the signal preprocessing stage. Its non-inverting input pin +INA is directly connected to the controller's output, receiving the controller's control signal, which corresponds to the laser output power signal. The output pin OUTA serves as the preprocessed signal output, connected to the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier U5 via a pull-down circuit. The inverting input pin -INA may be connected to the output pin OUTA of the first operational amplifier U4 via the first resistor R2, forming a voltage follower or a fixed-gain amplifier to ensure stable signal transmission.

[0140] The first operational amplifier is a dual-channel, low-noise, high-precision high-voltage operational amplifier. Dual-channel means that the chip integrates two independent operational amplifier channels; low noise means that it generates a low noise level during operation; high precision means that the amplifier has characteristics such as low offset voltage, low input bias current and low offset voltage temperature coefficient; high voltage means that the amplifier can operate over a wide power supply voltage range.

[0141] The first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier can be the same operational amplifier.

[0142] The pull-down circuit is the core of the calibration and adjustment. In the pull-down circuit, the first resistor R2 transmits the signal output from the first operational amplifier U4, and at the same time forms a voltage divider network with R3 and RP1. One end of the capacitor is connected to the sliding contact of RP1, and the other end is connected to the input pin +INA of the second operational amplifier U5. Its function is to filter out the high-frequency noise introduced by the voltage divider network, ensure the purity of the input signal of the second operational amplifier U5, and reduce the ripple interference of the laser output.

[0143] The digital potentiometer RP1 provides stepless adjustment. Combined with the fixed voltage division ratio of R2 and R3, it can achieve fine-tuning, such as adjustment within the range of ±1%. By adjusting the blocking of RP1, the current input from the first operational amplifier U4 to the second operational amplifier is adjusted to meet the accuracy requirements of the laser module for the operating current.

[0144] The second operational amplifier U5 is the driver amplification stage. Its input pin +INA receives the calibration signal output from the pull-down circuit, which is the voltage adjusted by R2, R3, and RP1. The output pin OUTA is directly connected to the gate of the regulating MOSFET Q1, and its drain outputs a drive voltage from 0 to VCC.

[0145] The MOSFET Q1 is used as a power regulation element, and its conduction level is controlled by the gate voltage to regulate the current flowing through the laser module. A low on-resistance MOSFET, i.e., an NMOS transistor with an on-resistance of less than 100mΩ, can be selected to reduce power loss.

[0146] Connect the gate of MOSFET Q1 to the output pin OUTA of the second operational amplifier U5, connect the drain to the load, and connect the source to the inverting input pin -INA of the second operational amplifier U5. Connect a diode in parallel between the source and drain of MOSFET Q1.

[0147] The parallel diodes can conduct at the moment the regulating MOSFET Q1 is turned off, providing a freewheeling path for the current in the inductive load. This allows the current to continue flowing through the diodes, preventing excessive reverse voltage from being generated across the regulating MOSFET Q1 and protecting it from damage.

[0148] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide a battery that includes the aforementioned electrode assembly, and therefore, this battery incorporates all the technical effects of the aforementioned electrode assembly. Since the technical effects of the electrode assembly have already been described in detail above, they will not be repeated here.

[0149] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0150] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0151] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A self-measuring power laser, characterized by include: Electronic control module, power supply module, laser module; The electronic control module includes a memory and a controller, and the controller is connected to the memory; The power module is connected to the controller and is configured to transmit a corresponding current to the laser module according to the instructions of the controller; the power module is also connected to the laser module and includes an ammeter, which is connected to the controller. The laser module is configured to generate a laser with a corresponding power based on the current.

2. The self-measuring power laser of claim 1, wherein, A display, the controller being connected to the display; the display being fixed to the housing of the laser; The display also includes control buttons, which are connected to the controller.

3. The self-measuring power laser of claim 1, wherein, The laser module includes a laser optical path and a laser output head. The laser optical path is connected to the power module and is connected to the power module through a power supply line. The output end of the laser optical path is also connected to the laser output head. The ammeter is installed on the power supply line.

4. The self-measuring power laser of claim 1, wherein, The power module is connected to the controller via a CAN communication bus or an RS485 communication line.

5. The self-measuring power laser of claim 4, wherein, The CAN communication bus includes a first communication chip, a first surge protection valve, and a first electronic connector; The two CAN communication pins of the first communication chip are connected to the two connection pins of the first electronic connector, and the two connection pins of the first electronic connector are configured as connection pins of the CAN communication bus. The first surge protection valve includes two input / output pins and a ground pin. The two CAN communication pins of the first communication chip are also connected to the two input / output pins of the first surge protection valve. The ground pin is grounded.

6. The self-measuring power laser of claim 5, wherein, The input and output pins of the first communication chip are connected to the input and output pins of the controller respectively through independent connection circuits, and a first series resistor is provided on each connection circuit; A decoupling capacitor is provided between the ground pin and the power pin of the first communication chip.

7. The self-measuring power laser of claim 4, wherein, The RS485 communication line includes a second communication chip, a second surge protection valve, a second electronic connector, and a third electronic connector; The two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip are connected to the two connection pins of the second electronic connector, and the two connection pins of the second electronic connector are connected to the two connection pins of the third electronic connector. The two connection pins of the third electronic connector are configured as connection pins of the RS485 communication line. The second surge protection valve includes two input / output pins and a ground pin. The two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip are also connected to the two input / output pins of the second surge protection valve, and the ground pin is grounded.

8. The self-measuring power laser of claim 7, wherein, The input and output pins of the second communication chip are connected to the input and output pins of the controller respectively through independent connection circuits, and a second series resistor and a pull-up resistor are provided on the connection circuits. The pull-up resistor is located between the connection circuit and the power module. The grounding pin is also connected to the two RS485 communication pins of the second communication chip via a series protection resistor.

9. The self-measuring power laser of claim 1, wherein, The electronic control module also includes a communication device; The communication device is connected to the controller and is configured to connect to a host computer, which is equipped with a user interaction device.

10. The self-measured power laser of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The power module further includes a calibration circuit; the calibration circuit is connected to the controller and the laser module. The calibration circuit includes a first operational amplifier, a pull-down circuit, a second operational amplifier, and an adjustment MOSFET; The input pin of the first operational amplifier is connected to the controller. The output pin of the first operational amplifier corresponding to the input pin is connected to the input pin of the second operational amplifier through the pull-down circuit. The output pin of the second operational amplifier is connected to the adjustment MOSFET. The first operational amplifier includes two types of input pins and output pins. The pull-down circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a digital potentiometer, and a capacitor; One end of the first resistor is connected to the output pin of the first operational amplifier, and the other end is connected to the input pin of the second operational amplifier and one end of the second resistor; The other end of the second resistor is connected to one fixed terminal of the digital potentiometer, and the other fixed terminal and sliding terminal of the digital potentiometer are both grounded; A capacitor is provided between the sliding terminal of the digital potentiometer and the input pin of the second operational amplifier.

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