Cavity forming device and tunnel cavity simulation assembly

Abstract

The application relates to a cavity forming device and a tunnel cavity simulation assembly. The cavity forming device comprises a covering body made of a deformable material, a variable-volume accommodating cavity is formed in the covering body, and the covering body is provided with a communication port which communicates the accommodating cavity with the external environment; a hot-melt material is arranged in the accommodating cavity, the hot-melt material is in a solid state in a normal state, and the hot-melt material can be melted into a liquid state by heating; and a water-heat-releasing material is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the water-heat-releasing material is used for reacting with a liquid to release heat. Thus, according to the cavity forming device, the cavity forming device is pre-embedded in a tunnel model base body, and a material phase change and a discharging mechanism are triggered, so that a controllable cavity structure can be accurately formed in the tunnel model base body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel cavity simulation experimental technology, and in particular to a cavity forming device and a tunnel cavity simulation component. Background Technology

[0002] Domestic and international surveys and studies have shown that a significant proportion of tunnels suffer from defects such as voids behind the lining, seriously threatening the safety of vehicles traveling inside the tunnel and affecting traffic operations. Untimely treatment of voids behind the tunnel lining can cause further damage to the lining structure, even accelerating tunnel deterioration, shortening the tunnel's maintenance cycle and service life, leading to urgent major repairs before the tunnel reaches its structural design reference period. This wastes substantial funds, disrupts normal tunnel use, and causes adverse social impacts. Therefore, simulating tunnels with voids behind the lining to understand the characteristics and mechanisms of tunnel void defects, analyzing the basic ideas and methods for studying void defects behind the lining, and laying the foundation for accurately determining the safety and health status of tunnel structures with defects are crucial. Utility Model Content

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a cavity forming device to address the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] A cavity-forming device includes:

[0005] The covering body is made of a deformable material, which forms a variable volume cavity within the covering body, and the covering body is provided with a connecting port that connects the cavity to the external environment.

[0006] The thermoplastic material is assembled inside the cavity. The thermoplastic material is solid under normal conditions, but can be melted into a liquid state when heated.

[0007] The water-reactive heat-releasing material is assembled inside the containment cavity and is used to react with the liquid to release heat.

[0008] In one embodiment, the cavity forming device further includes a guide tube, a first port of which is connected to the receiving cavity, and a second port of which is connected to the external environment, and the first port and the second port are connected.

[0009] In one embodiment, the cavity forming device further includes: a reinforcing member, the covering body is provided with a connecting part, the connecting part is provided with a communication port, and a guide tube passes through the communication port so that the connecting part is sleeved on the guide tube;

[0010] The reinforcing member is sleeved on the outside of the connecting part, so that the connecting part is sandwiched between the reinforcing member and the guide tube.

[0011] In one embodiment, the reinforcing element is selected as a steel wire.

[0012] In one embodiment, the guide pipe includes a connecting pipe section and a main pipe section connected together, the connecting pipe section being provided with a first port and the main pipe section being provided with a second port;

[0013] The outer contour of the connecting pipe section is smaller than that of the main pipe section, so that the guide pipe has assembly space, and the connecting part and the reinforcing part are sequentially fitted onto the outside of the connecting pipe section.

[0014] In one embodiment, along the axial direction of the connecting pipe segment, the outer contour projection of the reinforcement is located within the outer contour projection of the main pipe segment.

[0015] In one embodiment, the void forming apparatus further includes a heating element disposed on the guide tube, the heating element operating to heat the guide tube.

[0016] In one embodiment, the cavity forming apparatus further includes a water-soluble barrier that dissolves in water and is used to isolate the cavity from the external environment.

[0017] In one embodiment, the cladding is selected to be made of tin; and / or,

[0018] The heat-fusible material is selected as paraffin wax; and / or,

[0019] Quicklime was chosen as the material that releases heat when it comes into contact with water.

[0020] The cavity forming apparatus according to this application comprises a deformable covering, a thermoplastic material, and a water-reactive exothermic material. The covering connects the cavity to the external environment via a connecting port. The solid thermoplastic material and the water-reactive exothermic material assembled inside the covering form a rigid support system in the initial state, allowing the covering to maintain a stable outer contour shape under external pressure. When liquid is injected into the cavity, the water-reactive exothermic material reacts exothermically with the liquid, and the generated heat induces a solid-liquid phase transition in the thermoplastic material. As the mixture of liquid thermoplastic material, reaction products, and residual liquid flows out, the covering can deform and shrink, achieving a gradual reduction in the outer contour size. This apparatus is particularly suitable for tunnel model construction scenarios. By pre-embedding the cavity forming apparatus in the tunnel model substrate and triggering the material phase transition and discharge mechanism, a controllable cavity structure can be precisely formed within the solidified tunnel model substrate. Finally, the cavity forming process is completed by removing the cavity forming apparatus.

[0021] This application further proposes a tunnel cavity simulation component, which includes:

[0022] Tunnel model substrate;

[0023] In some of the above embodiments, the cavity forming device has an encapsulation body disposed within the tunnel model matrix. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tunnel cavity simulation component in one state according to an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel cavity simulation component of one embodiment of this application in another state.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cavity forming device in a tunnel cavity simulation component according to an embodiment of the present application, detached from the tunnel model substrate.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 1000, Void Forming Device; 1, Encasing Body; 100, Receiving Cavity; 10, Connecting Port; 11, Connecting Part; 2, Hot-Melt Material; 3, Water-Reactive Heat Material; 4, Guide Pipe; 401, First Port; 402, Second Port; 403, Assembly Space; 41, Connecting Pipe Section; 42, Main Pipe Section; 5, Reinforcing Component; 6, Heating Component; 7, Water-Soluble Barrier Component; 2000, Tunnel Void Simulation Component; 200, Tunnel Model Matrix; 2001, Void. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0030] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0031] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0034] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0035] See Figures 1 to 3As shown, the void forming apparatus 1000 according to this application includes a covering body 1, a thermoplastic material 2, and a water-reactive heat-releasing material 3. The covering body 1 is made of a deformable material, forming a variable-volume receiving cavity 100 within it. The covering body 1 has a connecting port 10, which connects the receiving cavity 100 to the external environment. The thermoplastic material 2 and the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 can be inserted into the receiving cavity 100 through the connecting port 10, achieving the effect of assembling the thermoplastic material 2 and the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 within the receiving cavity 100. Both the thermoplastic material 2 and the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 are solid under normal conditions. Thus, when the thermoplastic material 2 and the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 are filled into the receiving cavity 100, they provide support to the covering body 1 from the inside out, giving the covering body 1 a stable structural shape. Even when the covering body 1 is subjected to external pressure, it is not prone to significant deformation.

[0036] Liquid can be transported into the enclosure 1 through the connecting port 10, causing the liquid to react with the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 in the receiving cavity 100, releasing heat. This causes the thermoplastic material 2 to melt from a solid state to a liquid state. Finally, the mixture of the thermoplastic material 2, the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3, and the liquid in the receiving cavity 100 can be discharged through the connecting port 10. As the thermoplastic material 2 and the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 are discharged from the receiving cavity 100, the enclosure 1 shrinks and deforms, causing the outer contour dimension of the enclosure 1 to gradually decrease.

[0037] For example, in some embodiments of this application, see [reference]. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the operator first selects a suitable model box, which contains a model space. The operator then places the void forming device 1000 into the model space. It should be noted that, in this state, the cavity 100 of the void forming device 100 is equipped with a thermoplastic material 2 and a water-reactive heat-releasing material 3. After the void forming device 1000 is placed in the preset position, the operator adds model substrate into the model space of the model box to fill the space. Once the model substrate solidifies, the tunnel model base 200 of the tunnel void simulation component 200 is formed.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, for the void forming device 1000 in this state, the cavity 100 is equipped with a thermoplastic material 2 and a water-heat-releasing material 3, so that the thermoplastic material 2 and the water-heat-releasing material 3 support the covering body 1 from the inside out, so that the covering body 1 has a stable structural shape, and even if the covering body 1 is subjected to pressure from the model substrate, the outer contour size of the covering body 1 remains basically unchanged.

[0039] like Figure 2As shown, the liquid is then introduced into the covering body 1 to react with the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3, releasing heat and causing the thermoplastic material 2 to melt from a solid state to a liquid state. The mixture of the thermoplastic material 2, the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3, and the liquid within the receiving cavity 100 can be discharged through the connecting port 10. As the thermoplastic material 2 and the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 are discharged from the receiving cavity 100, the covering body 1 contracts and deforms, causing the outer contour dimensions of the covering body 1 to gradually decrease, thereby achieving the effect of forming a cavity 2001 within the tunnel model base 200 using the cavity forming device 1000. Finally, as... Figure 3 As shown, the operator can completely detach the cavity forming device 1000 from the tunnel model base 200.

[0040] In summary, according to the void forming apparatus 1000 of this application, the void forming apparatus 1000 is composed of a deformable covering body 1, a thermoplastic material 2, and a water-reactive heat-releasing material 3. The covering body 1 connects the receiving cavity 100 to the external environment through the connecting port 10. The solid thermoplastic material 2 and the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 assembled inside the covering body 1 form a rigid support system in the initial state, enabling the covering body 1 to maintain a stable outer contour shape when subjected to external pressure. When liquid is injected into the receiving cavity 100, the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 undergoes an exothermic reaction with the liquid, and the generated heat causes the thermoplastic material 2 to undergo a solid-liquid phase transition. As the mixture of liquid thermoplastic material 2, water-reactive heat-releasing material 3, and liquid flows out, the covering body 1 can deform and shrink to achieve a gradual reduction in the outer contour size. The void forming device 1000 is suitable for tunnel model substrate 200 construction scenarios. By pre-embedding the void forming device 1000 in the tunnel model substrate 200 and triggering the material phase change and expulsion mechanism, controllable voids 2001 can be precisely formed in the solidified tunnel model substrate 200. Finally, the void forming device 1000 is removed from the tunnel model substrate 200 to complete the void 2001 forming process.

[0041] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the cavity forming apparatus 1000 may further include a guide pipe 4, the first port 401 of the guide pipe 4 being connected to the receiving cavity 100, the second port 402 of the guide pipe 4 being connected to the external environment, and the first port 401 and the second port 402 being connected.

[0042] For example, see Figures 1 to 3As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the first port 401 of the guide pipe 4 is connected to the receiving cavity 100 of the covering body 1, and the second port 402 extends to the outside of the tunnel model base 200 and communicates with the external environment, thereby making the guide pipe 4 a through channel between the receiving cavity 100 and the external environment. With the guide pipe 4, the covering body 1 can be completely embedded inside the tunnel model base 200 without directly exposing the connecting port 10 of the covering body 1 to the surface of the tunnel model base 200. Specifically, exemplarily, during the construction of the tunnel model base 200, when it is necessary to form a cavity 2001 deeply buried inside the tunnel model base 200, the operator pre-buries the covering body 1 together with the guide pipe 4 in the tunnel model base 200. At this time, the covering body 1 is completely located at the target position inside the tunnel model base 200, while the second port 402 of the guide pipe 4 extends to the operating area outside the tunnel model base 200. After the tunnel model base 200 solidifies, liquid is injected into the receiving cavity 100 through the guide pipe 4, triggering the exothermic reaction of the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3, causing the thermoplastic material 2 to melt. Finally, the mixture of the thermoplastic material 2, the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3, and the liquid is discharged from the receiving cavity 100 through the guide pipe 4. The addition of the guide pipe 4 means that the burial depth of the covering body 1 is no longer limited by the exposure requirement of the connecting opening 10, thus enabling the formation of deeper and more spatially complex cavities 2001 in the tunnel model base 200.

[0043] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the void forming apparatus 1000 may further include a reinforcing member 5. The covering body 1 is provided with a connecting portion 11, and the connecting portion 11 is provided with a communication port 10. The guide tube 4 passes through the communication port 10, so that the connecting portion 11 is sleeved on the guide tube 4. The reinforcing member 5 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting portion 11, so that the connecting portion 11 is sandwiched between the reinforcing member 5 and the guide tube 4. In this way, the reinforcing member 5 improves the connection strength between the covering body 1 and the guide tube 4, and reduces the risk of separation between the covering body 1 and the guide tube 4.

[0044] For example, in one embodiment of this application, the reinforcement 5 is selected as a steel wire. The operator first inserts the guide tube 4 into the connecting part 11 of the covering body 1, and then wraps the steel wire around the outside of the connecting part 11 and applies a pre-tightening force. This not only improves the connection strength between the covering body 1 and the guide tube 4, but also helps to eliminate the gap between the covering body 1 and the guide tube 4, so that the joint interface between the connecting part 11 and the guide tube 4 can still maintain a stable seal, and the liquid leaks through the gap between the covering body 1 and the guide tube 4. It should be further noted that, in the above embodiment, the reinforcement 5 is selected as a steel wire. Since the steel wire is made of metal, even when the water-exothermic material 3 reacts with the liquid and releases heat, the connection strength between the covering body 1 and the guide tube 4 can still be guaranteed. Although the above description uses the reinforcement 5 as a steel wire as an example, this application is not limited to this. For example, the reinforcement 5 can also be a collar made of high-temperature resistant plastic material or metal material. The collar is fitted onto the connecting part 11 to improve the connection strength between the covering body 1 and the guide tube 4.

[0045] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the guide tube 4 includes a connecting pipe section 41 and a main pipe section 42 connected together. The connecting pipe section 41 is provided with a first port 401, and the main pipe section 42 is provided with a second port 402. The outer contour of the connecting pipe section 41 is smaller than the outer contour of the main pipe section 42, so that the guide tube 4 forms a stepped assembly space 403 in the transition area between the connecting pipe section 41 and the main pipe section 42. The connecting part 11 and the reinforcing member 5 of the covering body 1 are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the connecting pipe section 41. Specifically, after the connecting pipe section 41 passes through the communication port 10 of the connecting part 11, the connecting part 11 is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the connecting pipe section 41, and the reinforcing member 5 is further sleeved on the outside of the connecting part 11 and fixed by mechanical locking or adhesive. Because the outer contour of the connecting pipe section 41 is relatively small, while the outer contour of the main pipe section 42 is relatively large, when the reinforcement 5 is fully fitted onto the connecting pipe section 41, the outer surface of the reinforcement 5 is flush with or recessed within the outer contour of the main pipe section 42. This design ensures that when the reinforcement 5 is embedded in the tunnel model substrate 200, the outer contour of the reinforcement 5 will not protrude from the outer surface of the main pipe section 42, thereby avoiding structural interference between the reinforcement 5 and the surrounding solidified tunnel model substrate 200 when the cavity forming device 1000 is removed, significantly reducing disassembly resistance.

[0046] For example, in one embodiment of this application, the outer contour projection of the reinforcement 5 is located within the outer contour projection of the main body pipe segment 42 along the axial direction of the connecting pipe segment 41. In other words, the outer surface of the reinforcement 5 is flush with or recessed within the outer contour range of the main body pipe segment 42. Thus, the operator inserts the connecting pipe segment 41 of the guide pipe 4 into the communication port 10 of the connecting portion 11 of the covering body 1, and then sleeves the reinforcement 5 on the outside of the connecting portion 11 and presses it firmly. Next, the guide pipe 4, together with the covering body 1, is pre-embedded in the model substrate, ensuring that the second port 402 of the main body pipe segment 42 is exposed to the operating area outside the tunnel model substrate 200. After the tunnel model substrate 200 solidifies, the operator completes the liquid injection and mixture discharge process through the guide pipe 4. When the cavity forming device 1000 needs to be removed, since the reinforcement 5 does not protrude beyond the outer contour of the main pipe section 42, the channel space formed by the cavity forming device 1000 inside the tunnel model base 200 is sufficient to allow the reinforcement 5 to be smoothly extracted along with the guide pipe 4, avoiding jamming or damage to the base structure caused by the outward protrusion of the reinforcement 5.

[0047] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the void forming apparatus 1000 may further include a heating element 6, which is disposed in the guide tube 4 and operates to heat the guide tube 4. For example, a spirally wound heating wire is attached to the outer wall of the guide tube 4, or the heating wire is embedded in the tube wall interlayer of the guide tube 4 through an embedding process. The heating element 6 is connected to an external temperature control power supply via a wire, and in its working state, it can continuously or intermittently heat the guide tube 4, so that the inside of the guide tube 4 is maintained at a temperature higher than the solidification point of the fusible material 2. Specifically, when the mixture of the fusible material 2, the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3, and the liquid is discharged through the guide tube 4, the heating element 6 provides auxiliary heating to the fluid in the guide tube 4 through heat conduction, preventing the fusible material 2 from re-solidifying due to a decrease in ambient temperature. Through the active temperature control of the heating element 6, it can be ensured that the mixture maintains a liquid or semi-liquid fluidity throughout the process in the guide tube 4, thereby ensuring the continuity and efficiency of the mixture discharge process.

[0048] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the cavity forming apparatus 1000 may further include a water-soluble barrier 7, which dissolves in water and is used to isolate the receiving cavity 100 from the external environment.

[0049] For example, such as Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the water-soluble barrier 7 can be integrated into the port of the guide tube 4. For example, a water-soluble film can be embedded in the inner wall of the first port 401 (the end connected to the cover 1) or the second port 402 (the end exposed to the environment) of the guide tube 4, or a water-soluble sealing plug can be installed at the port. This can prevent the material in the receiving cavity 100 from accidentally escaping through the guide tube 4 during non-use periods, and also ensure that the barrier dissolves preferentially when liquid is injected, restoring the continuity of the guide tube 4. For example, the operator can pre-embed the cavity forming device 1000 with the pre-installed water-soluble barrier 7 in the tunnel model base 200. During the stage before the tunnel model base 200 solidifies, the water-soluble barrier 7 effectively blocks the contact between the external humid environment and the receiving cavity 100, preventing the water-exothermic material 3 from reacting prematurely. After the tunnel model base 200 solidifies, the operator injects sufficient liquid into the connecting port 10 through the guide pipe 4 or directly. The water-soluble baffle 7 completely dissolves after being soaked in the liquid, allowing the liquid to smoothly enter the receiving cavity 100 and react with the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3.

[0050] It should be further noted that the above embodiments are illustrated by the example of the cavity forming device 1000 being provided with a guide pipe 4 and the water-soluble baffle 7 being provided on the guide pipe 4, but this application is not limited to this. For example, in some embodiments of this application, the cavity forming device 1000 is not provided with a guide pipe 4, and the water-soluble baffle 7 is directly assembled at the communication port 10 of the covering body 1, so that the water-soluble baffle 7 blocks the communication port 10, thereby achieving the effect of the water-soluble baffle 7 isolating the receiving cavity 100 from the external environment.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the coating 1 is made of tin material, for example, tin foil. The hot-melt material 2 is selected as paraffin wax, preferably semi-refined paraffin wax with a low melting point and boiling point. And the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 is selected as quicklime.

[0052] See Figures 1 to 3As shown, the tunnel cavity simulation component 2000 according to this application includes a tunnel model substrate 200 and a cavity forming device 1000 according to some of the above embodiments. A covering body 1 is disposed within the tunnel model substrate 200 to form a cavity 2001 within the tunnel model substrate 200. The cavity forming device 1000 according to this application is composed of a deformable covering body 1, a thermoplastic material 2, and a water-reactive heat-releasing material 3. The covering body 1 communicates with the external environment through a connecting port 10. The solid thermoplastic material 2 and the water-reactive heat-releasing material 3 assembled inside the covering body 1 form a rigid support system in the initial state, allowing the covering body 1 to maintain a stable outer contour shape even under external pressure. Thus, the cavity forming device 1000 is pre-embedded in the tunnel model substrate 200 and triggers a material phase change and discharge mechanism, enabling precise formation of a controllable cavity 2001 within the solidified tunnel model substrate 200.

[0053] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A cavity forming device (1000), characterized in that, include: The covering body (1) is made of a deformable material, so that a variable volume receiving cavity (100) is formed inside the covering body (1), and the covering body (1) is provided with a connecting port (10), the connecting port (10) connecting the receiving cavity (100) and the external environment; The hot-melt material (2) is assembled in the receiving cavity (100). The hot-melt material (2) is solid under normal conditions and can be melted into a liquid state when heated. Water-reactive heat-releasing material (3), which is assembled in the receiving cavity (100), is used to react with the liquid to release heat.

2. The void forming apparatus (1000) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The guide tube (4) has a first port (401) connected to the receiving cavity (100) and a second port (402) connected to the external environment. The first port (401) and the second port (402) are connected.

3. The void forming apparatus (1000) according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The reinforcement component (5) is provided with a connecting part (11) and a connecting part (11) is provided with a communication port (10). The guide tube (4) passes through the communication port (10) so that the connecting part (11) is sleeved on the guide tube (4). The reinforcing member (5) is sleeved on the outside of the connecting part (11), so that the connecting part (11) is sandwiched between the reinforcing member (5) and the guide tube (4).

4. The void forming apparatus (1000) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reinforcing component (5) is selected as steel wire.

5. The void forming apparatus (1000) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide pipe (4) includes a connecting pipe section (41) and a main pipe section (42) connected together. The connecting pipe section (41) is provided with the first port (401), and the main pipe section (42) is provided with the second port (402). The outer contour of the connecting pipe section (41) is smaller than the outer contour of the main pipe section (42), so that the guide pipe (4) is provided with an assembly space (403), and the connecting part (11) and the reinforcing part (5) are sequentially fitted on the outside of the connecting pipe section (41).

6. The void forming apparatus (1000) according to claim 5, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the connecting pipe section (41), the outer contour projection of the reinforcement member (5) is located within the outer contour projection of the main pipe section (42).

7. The void forming apparatus (1000) according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A heating element (6) is disposed on the guide tube (4) and the heating element (6) operates to heat the guide tube (4).

8. The void forming apparatus (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Also includes: A water-soluble partition (7) is used to isolate the receiving cavity (100) from the external environment.

9. The void forming apparatus (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The coating (1) is selected to be made of tin material; and / or, The hot-melt material (2) is selected as paraffin wax; and / or, The water-reactive heat-releasing material (3) is selected as quicklime.

10. A tunnel cavity simulation component (2000), characterized in that, include: Tunnel model base (200); According to any one of claims 1 to 9, the cavity forming apparatus (1000) is provided within the tunnel model substrate (200).

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