Electric line-trimmer

By designing a power-operated guy wire weeding machine, and utilizing a combination of positioning components, clamping components, and cutting structures, the machine achieves automated removal of vines from power lines, solving the problems of time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inconvenient operation in existing technologies, and improving weeding efficiency and safety.

CN224538888UActive Publication Date: 2026-07-24YUNNAN BAOSHAN ELECTRIC POWER CO LTD TENGCHONG BRANCH
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
YUNNAN BAOSHAN ELECTRIC POWER CO LTD TENGCHONG BRANCH
Filing Date
2025-09-04
Publication Date
2026-07-24

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing technologies are insufficient for efficiently removing vines from power lines, especially those at higher elevations, and existing equipment is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inconvenient to use.

Method used

A power-operated weed cutter was designed, which uses a through-type linear positioning groove that allows the positioning component to be separably engaged with the power cable. Combined with a clamping assembly and a cutting structure, the cutting wheel is driven by a power mechanism to move autonomously along the cable to remove vines. It is equipped with its own power supply to ensure stable operation of the equipment.

Benefits of technology

It achieves automated weeding without the need for manual climbing, completely solving the problem of high vines being difficult to reach, improving weeding efficiency, reducing safety hazards, adapting to mountainous scenarios without external power supply, and offering high flexibility in use.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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  • Figure CN224538888U_ABST
    Figure CN224538888U_ABST
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Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of electric power stay wire weeding machine, it is related to stay wire weeding field.The weeding machine includes: positioning member, its outer side wall is provided with the linear positioning slot of through type;Compression assembly, including the positioning wheel and the compression wheel of each other clamping cooperation, positioning wheel and compression wheel are located the two sides of linear positioning slot respectively;Cutting structure, including two cutting wheels and first power mechanism, two cutting wheels rotatably set in the two sides of linear positioning slot and can be mutually cutting cooperation, first power mechanism is used to drive two cutting wheels to carry out cutting movement;Second power mechanism, including power wheel and drive structure, power wheel rotatably set in the side of linear positioning slot;Power supply, set on positioning member, for the power supply of electric equipment in first power mechanism and second power mechanism.This application does not need artificial to climb or handheld equipment operation, moves along stay wire autonomously by equipment, completely breaks through the height limit that high place vine is difficult to reach.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wire weeding technology, and more specifically, to an electric wire weeding machine. Background Technology

[0002] Weeding along power lines is crucial for ensuring safe power transmission. In mountainous areas, vines climbing power lines are extremely common. These vines not only increase the weight on the lines but can also cause short circuits due to entanglement, easily leading to electrical fires. Furthermore, as the vines grow, they blur the boundaries of the lines, posing a risk of electric shock to passersby. Therefore, timely removal of vines from power lines is a key step in preventing safety accidents.

[0003] Current weeding methods have significant limitations. While manual trimming can remove vines directly with tools, it requires cutting the roots and clearing the wires, a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, and it is difficult to reach vines at higher elevations. Mechanical cutting is suitable for large areas or challenging areas, but it is still limited by height, and the inconvenience of using electric backpack trimmers greatly reduces work efficiency and makes it difficult to completely solve the safety hazards caused by climbing vines. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a power-operated weed cutter, which aims to solve the technical problems in the background art mentioned above.

[0005] The embodiments of this utility model are implemented as follows:

[0006] This application provides a power-operated weed cutter, comprising: a positioning member having a through-type linear positioning groove on its outer side wall, the linear positioning groove being configured to detachably engage with the power wire; a clamping assembly including a positioning wheel and a clamping wheel that clamp each other, the positioning wheel and the clamping wheel being located on opposite sides of the linear positioning groove for clamping the power wire located within the linear positioning groove; a cutting structure including two cutting wheels and a first power mechanism, the two cutting wheels being rotatably disposed on opposite sides of the linear positioning groove and capable of cutting each other, the first power mechanism being used to drive the two cutting wheels to perform cutting motion to break the climbing plants on the power wire located within the linear positioning groove; a second power mechanism including a power wheel and a drive structure, the power wheel being rotatably disposed on one side of the linear positioning groove for rolling engagement with the power wire located within the linear positioning groove, the drive structure being used to drive the power wheel to rotate; and a power supply disposed on the positioning member for supplying power to the electrical equipment in the first power mechanism and the second power mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, the first power mechanism includes: two meshing driven gears, which are coaxially connected to the two cutting wheels respectively; a driving gear, which meshes with one of the driven gears; and a first drive motor, which is connected to the driving gear in a transmission manner.

[0008] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, there are two cutting structures, which are located at both ends of the aforementioned clamping assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, the drive structure is a second drive motor.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, the pressing wheel includes a wheel frame rotatably disposed at the linear positioning groove, the wheel frame rotatably disposed with a wheel body, the wheel frame is connected to a turning shaft, and the end of the turning shaft away from the wheel frame extends through to the outside of the positioning member and is threadedly fitted with a locking nut.

[0011] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, the positioning component is provided with a first mounting chamber, a second mounting chamber, and a third mounting chamber. The first mounting chamber, the second mounting chamber, and the third mounting chamber are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the linear positioning groove, and the first mounting chamber, the second mounting chamber, and the third mounting chamber are simultaneously connected to the linear positioning groove. The cutting wheels of the two cutting structures are respectively arranged in the first mounting chamber and the third mounting chamber, and the clamping wheel, the positioning wheel, and the power wheel are all arranged in the second mounting chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, the outer wall of the positioning component is also provided with two discharge holes, and the two discharge holes are respectively connected to the first mounting chamber and the second mounting chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, rubber curtains are provided at the linear positioning groove between the first installation chamber and the second installation chamber, and at the linear positioning groove between the second installation chamber and the third installation chamber; wherein any of the rubber curtains is provided along the width direction of the linear positioning groove.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this utility model have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0015] In the electric guy wire weeding machine of this application, the positioning component can be detachably engaged with the electric guy wire through a through-type straight positioning groove, providing basic positioning for the equipment; the positioning wheel and the clamping wheel of the clamping component clamp the guy wire from both sides of the straight positioning groove, ensuring that the equipment and the guy wire are stably attached and do not fall off; the first power mechanism of the cutting structure drives the cutting wheels on both sides to rotate and engage, breaking and removing weeds on the guy wire in the groove; the drive structure of the second power mechanism drives the power wheel to roll along the guy wire, realizing the autonomous movement of the equipment along the guy wire; the power supply continuously supplies power to the first power mechanism and the second power mechanism, ensuring the continuous operation of the entire system. It specifically addresses the shortcomings of existing weeding methods: First, it eliminates the need for manual climbing or handheld equipment operation, as the device moves autonomously along the guide line, completely overcoming the height limitations of vines that are difficult to reach. Second, the combination of automated cutting and autonomous movement avoids the time-consuming and labor-intensive manual trimming and the inconvenience of using electric backpack machinery, significantly improving weeding efficiency. Third, its stable clamping and positioning, along with the precise coordination of the cutting wheels, allows for more thorough removal of weeds from the guide line, reducing safety hazards caused by vine residue. Furthermore, its built-in power supply adapts to complex scenarios in mountainous areas without external power sources, offering greater flexibility in use. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 An isometric view of a power-operated wire weed cutter according to an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0018] Figure 2 An isometric view of a power-operated wire weed cutter according to an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0019] Figure 3 An isometric view of a power-operated wire weed cutter according to an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 3 ;

[0020] Figure 4 This invention relates to the internal structure of a power-operated wire weed cutter, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 5 This invention relates to the internal structure of a power-operated wire weed cutter, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 6 This invention relates to the internal structure of a power-operated wire weed cutter, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A magnified view of part A in the image;

[0024] Figure 8 This is an isometric view of the pressure wheel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is an isometric view of the cutting wheel in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Icons: 1-Positioning component, 101-First mounting chamber, 102-Second mounting chamber, 103-Third mounting chamber, 2-Linear positioning groove, 3-Power supply, 4-Discharge hole, 5-Actuating shaft, 6-Locking nut, 7-Cutting wheel, 8-Power wheel, 9-Pressure wheel, 901-Wheel frame, 902-Wheel body, 10-Positioning wheel, 11-First drive motor, 12-Rubber curtain, 13-Second drive motor, 14-Drive gear, 15-Driven gear. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Example

[0029] Please refer to Figures 1-9 This application provides a power cable weed cutter, comprising: a positioning member 1, the outer wall of which is provided with a through-type linear positioning groove 2, the linear positioning groove 2 being configured to detachably engage with the power cable; a clamping assembly, including a positioning wheel 10 and a clamping wheel 9 that clamp each other, the positioning wheel 10 and the clamping wheel 9 being located on both sides of the linear positioning groove 2 for clamping the power cable located in the linear positioning groove 2; and a cutting structure, including two cutting wheels 7 and a first power mechanism, the two cutting wheels 7 being rotatably disposed on both sides of the linear positioning groove 2. They can cut and cooperate with each other. The first power mechanism is used to drive the two cutting wheels 7 to perform cutting motion to break the climbing plants on the power lines located in the linear positioning groove 2. The second power mechanism includes a power wheel 8 and a drive structure. The power wheel 8 is rotatably disposed on one side of the linear positioning groove 2 and is used to roll and cooperate with the power lines located in the linear positioning groove 2. The drive structure is used to drive the power wheel 8 to rotate. The power supply 3 is disposed on the positioning member 1 and is used to supply power to the electrical equipment in the first power mechanism and the second power mechanism.

[0030] In the electric wire weed cutter of this application, the positioning component 1 can be detachably engaged with the electric wire through the through-type straight positioning groove 2, providing basic positioning for the equipment; the positioning wheel 10 and the clamping wheel 9 of the clamping component clamp the wire from both sides of the straight positioning groove 2, ensuring that the equipment is stably attached to the wire and does not fall off; the first power mechanism of the cutting structure drives the cutting wheels 7 on both sides to rotate and engage, breaking and removing weeds on the wire in the groove; the drive structure of the second power mechanism drives the power wheel 8 to roll along the wire, realizing the autonomous movement of the equipment along the wire; the power supply 3 continuously supplies power to the first power mechanism and the second power mechanism, ensuring the continuous operation of the entire system. It specifically addresses the shortcomings of existing weeding methods: First, it eliminates the need for manual climbing or handheld equipment operation, as the device moves autonomously along the guide line, completely overcoming the height limitations of vines that are difficult to reach. Second, the combination of automated cutting and autonomous movement avoids the time-consuming and laborious manual trimming and the inconvenience of using electric backpack machinery, significantly improving weeding efficiency. Third, its stable clamping and positioning, along with the precise coordination of the cutting wheels 7, ensures more thorough removal of weeds from the guide line, reducing safety hazards caused by vine residue. Furthermore, its built-in power supply 3 adapts to complex scenarios in mountainous areas without external power sources, offering greater flexibility in use.

[0031] Understandably, in actual operation, the weeding machine moves bidirectionally along the power line, relying on mature wireless remote control technology.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the first power mechanism includes: two meshing driven gears 15, which are coaxially connected to the two cutting wheels 7 respectively; a driving gear 14, which meshes with one of the driven gears 15; and a first drive motor 11, which is connected to the driving gear 14 in a transmission manner.

[0033] In the above embodiment, the first drive motor 11 outputs power to drive the drive gear 14 to rotate. The drive gear 14 drives one of the driven gears 15 meshing with it to rotate. Since the two driven gears 15 mesh with each other, they will synchronously drive the other driven gear 15 to rotate in the opposite direction. The two driven gears 15 are coaxially connected to the two cutting wheels 7 respectively, so they can drive the two cutting wheels 7 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, forming a counter-cutting engagement, which efficiently crushes the weeds on the pull line. Its advantages are: high gear transmission accuracy and stable power transmission, which can ensure that the two cutting wheels 7 rotate synchronously and in opposite directions, ensuring uniform cutting force and thorough weed crushing; only one drive motor can drive the two cutting wheels 7 to work, simplifying the power mechanism structure, reducing energy consumption and equipment weight, and the gear meshing transmission method has strong reliability, which can adapt to long-term operation in complex mountain environments, further improving the working efficiency and durability of the weed cutter.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, there are two cutting structures, which are located at both ends of the clamping assembly.

[0035] In the above embodiment, the cutting structure is set as two and placed at both ends of the clamping assembly, which can optimize the weeding effect from multiple dimensions such as working range, efficiency and stability. On the one hand, the clamping assembly is the core stable clamping component between the equipment and the pull line. The cutting structures at both ends of the clamping assembly can form a "front and rear cooperative operation" mode. When the second power mechanism drives the equipment to move along the pull line, the front cutting structure can first break up the weeds on the path in front, and the rear cutting structure then performs secondary processing on the remaining weeds or areas that have not been thoroughly cleaned, avoiding the loss of weeds due to a single cutting and greatly improving the thoroughness of weeding. On the other hand, the dual cutting structures are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the clamping assembly, which can balance the force on the equipment when it moves along the pull line, prevent the equipment from shifting or the clamping from loosening due to the eccentric force generated by unilateral cutting, and ensure that the equipment can stably fit the pull line at different positions (such as inclined sections and curved sections).

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned drive structure is a second drive motor 13.

[0037] In the above embodiment, the second drive motor 13 is used as the drive structure, which can provide stable and controllable power to the power wheel 8, ensuring that the weeder moves autonomously at a constant speed along the power line.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the clamping wheel 9 includes a wheel frame 901 rotatably disposed at the linear positioning groove 2, a wheel body 902 rotatably disposed on the wheel frame 901, a toggle shaft 5 connected to the wheel frame 901, and one end of the toggle shaft 5 away from the wheel frame 901 extending to the outside of the positioning member 1 and threadedly fitted with a locking nut 6.

[0039] In the above embodiment, the wheel frame 901 is rotatably mounted on the linear positioning groove 2, and the wheel body 902 is rotatably mounted on the wheel frame 901. This provides room for the wheel body 902 and the positioning wheel 10 to clamp the cable, and also reduces the frictional resistance with the cable by rotating the wheel body 902 when the equipment moves along the cable, ensuring smooth movement of the equipment and avoiding wear on the cable. The actuating shaft 5 connected to the wheel frame 901 extends through to the outside of the positioning component 1 and is fitted with the locking nut 6. The angle of the wheel frame 901 can be directly adjusted by the actuating shaft 5, thereby changing the distance between the wheel body 902 and the positioning wheel 10, easily adapting to power cables of different diameters. After adjustment, tightening the locking nut 6 can fix the position of the wheel frame 901, ensuring stable clamping force without loosening.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the positioning member 1 is provided with a first mounting chamber 101, a second mounting chamber 102, and a third mounting chamber 103. The first mounting chamber 101, the second mounting chamber 102, and the third mounting chamber 103 are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the linear positioning groove 2, and the first mounting chamber 101, the second mounting chamber 102, and the third mounting chamber 103 are simultaneously connected to the linear positioning groove 2. The two cutting wheels 7 of the cutting structure are respectively arranged in the first mounting chamber 101 and the third mounting chamber 103, and the clamping wheel 9, the positioning wheel 10, and the power wheel 8 are all arranged in the second mounting chamber 102.

[0041] In the above embodiment, the positioning component 1 is provided with a first installation chamber 101, a second installation chamber 102, and a third installation chamber 103 arranged sequentially in the extension direction of the linear positioning groove 2, and corresponding components are arranged there. This has multiple advantages, including reasonable structural zoning, efficient collaborative operation, and convenient maintenance. On the one hand, the three installation chambers are connected to the linear positioning groove 2 and have clear functional divisions. The first installation chamber 101 and the third installation chamber 103 at both ends separately accommodate the cutting wheel 7, while the second installation chamber 102 in the middle centrally arranges the clamping wheel 9, the positioning wheel 10, and the power wheel 8. This can prevent weeds and debris generated when the cutting wheel 7 is working from intruding into the clamping and power components, preventing component jamming or wear. At the same time, it allows the core functional components of clamping and positioning (clamping wheel 9, positioning wheel 10) and autonomous movement (power wheel 8) to be concentrated in the same area, ensuring more balanced force when the equipment moves along the pull line and reducing the risk of displacement caused by component dispersion. On the other hand, this layout makes the "front and rear secondary cutting" function of the dual-cutting structure smoother. As the equipment moves along the guide line, the cutting wheel 7 in the first installation chamber 101 first breaks up the weeds, the clamping and power components in the second installation chamber 102 ensure the stable movement of the equipment, and the cutting wheel 7 in the third installation chamber 103 then follows up to clean up the residue, forming a continuous operation process of "cutting-moving-re-cutting" to improve the thoroughness of weed removal.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the outer wall of the positioning member 1 is further provided with two discharge holes 4, and the two discharge holes 4 are respectively connected to the first mounting chamber 101 and the second mounting chamber 102.

[0043] In the above embodiment, the outer wall of the positioning member 1 is provided with two discharge holes 4 that are respectively connected to the first installation chamber 101 and the second installation chamber 102. These holes can discharge weed debris generated by the cutting wheel 7 in the first installation chamber 101 and a small amount of residual debris in the second installation chamber 102 in a timely manner, so as to avoid the accumulation of debris from hindering the rotation of the cutting wheel 7 or affecting the operation of the pressing and power components, thus ensuring the stable operation of the weed cutter.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, a rubber curtain 12 is provided at the linear positioning groove 2 between the first installation chamber 101 and the second installation chamber 102, and at the linear positioning groove 2 between the second installation chamber 102 and the third installation chamber 103; wherein any of the rubber curtains 12 is provided along the width direction of the linear positioning groove 2.

[0045] In the above embodiment, a rubber curtain 12 along the width direction is provided at the straight positioning groove 2 between the first installation chamber 101 and the second installation chamber 102, and between the second installation chamber 102 and the third installation chamber 103. This effectively isolates weeds and debris generated by the cutting wheel 7 during operation in the first installation chamber 101 and the third installation chamber 103, preventing debris from entering the second installation chamber 102 and accumulating, thus preventing it from interfering with the stable clamping of the pressing wheel 9 and the positioning wheel 10, as well as the smooth rotation of the power wheel 8, and ensuring the operating accuracy of the core transmission and clamping components.

[0046] Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" in this application embodiment should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and "side," etc., are merely for reference to the direction in the accompanying drawings or the usual placement of the product during use. They are only for clearly describing this application and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limitations on this application. The terms "first," "second," etc., are only used for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; "multiple" refers to at least two. In this application embodiment, the limitations on relative positional relationships such as parallel, perpendicular, and aligned are all relative to the current technological level and are not absolutely strict limitations. Slight deviations are allowed; approximations of parallel, perpendicular, and aligned are all acceptable. For example, "A and B are parallel" means that A and B are parallel or approximately parallel, and the angle between A and B can be between 0 degrees and 10 degrees.

[0047] The above are only some embodiments and implementation methods of this application. The protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Any combination of features in different embodiments is also within the protection scope of this application. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A power-operated weed cutter, characterized in that, include: The positioning component (1) has a through-type linear positioning groove (2) on its outer side wall, and the linear positioning groove (2) is configured to detachably engage with the power cable. The clamping assembly includes a positioning wheel (10) and a clamping wheel (9) that clamp each other. The positioning wheel (10) and the clamping wheel (9) are located on both sides of the linear positioning groove (2) and are used to clamp the power cable located in the linear positioning groove (2). The cutting structure includes two cutting wheels (7) and a first power mechanism. The two cutting wheels (7) are rotatably disposed on both sides of the straight positioning groove (2) and can cut each other. The first power mechanism is used to drive the two cutting wheels (7) to perform cutting motion to break the climbing plants on the power lines located in the straight positioning groove (2). The second power mechanism includes a power wheel (8) and a drive structure. The power wheel (8) is rotatably disposed on one side of the linear positioning groove (2) for rolling cooperation with the power cable located in the linear positioning groove (2). The drive structure is used to drive the power wheel (8) to rotate. A power supply (3) is provided on the positioning member (1) for supplying power to the electrical equipment in the first power mechanism and the second power mechanism.

2. The electric wire weed cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power mechanism includes: Two meshing driven gears (15) are coaxially connected to the two cutting wheels (7), respectively; The driving gear (14) meshes with one of the driven gears (15); The first drive motor (11) is connected to the drive gear (14) for transmission.

3. The electric wire weed cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of cutting structures is two, and they are located at both ends of the clamping assembly.

4. The electric wire weed cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive structure is a second drive motor (13).

5. A power-operated weed cutter according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The clamping wheel (9) includes a wheel frame (901) rotatably disposed at the linear positioning groove (2), the wheel frame (901) is rotatably provided with a wheel body (902), the wheel frame (901) is connected to a toggle shaft (5), and one end of the toggle shaft (5) away from the wheel frame (901) extends through to the outside of the positioning member (1) and is threadedly fitted with a locking nut (6).

6. A power-operated weed cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning component (1) is provided with a first mounting chamber (101), a second mounting chamber (102) and a third mounting chamber (103). The first mounting chamber (101), the second mounting chamber (102) and the third mounting chamber (103) are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the straight positioning groove (2), and the first mounting chamber (101), the second mounting chamber (102) and the third mounting chamber (103) are simultaneously connected to the straight positioning groove (2). The two cutting wheels (7) of the cutting structure are respectively installed in the first installation chamber (101) and the third installation chamber (103), and the clamping wheel (9), the positioning wheel (10) and the power wheel (8) are all installed in the second installation chamber (102).

7. A power-operated weed cutter according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the positioning member (1) is also provided with two discharge holes (4), and the two discharge holes (4) are respectively connected to the first installation chamber (101) and the second installation chamber (102).

8. A power-operated weed cutter according to claim 7, characterized in that, Rubber curtains (12) are provided at the linear positioning groove (2) between the first installation chamber (101) and the second installation chamber (102), and at the linear positioning groove (2) between the second installation chamber (102) and the third installation chamber (103); In this case, any one of the rubber curtains (12) is arranged along the width direction of the straight positioning groove (2).