A composite pre-pond treatment system for lake inflow pollution

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of composite front pond treatment systems of lake inflow runoff pollution, including ecological wetland and biological bed area, for having obvious ecological function Natural or artificially formed perennial / seasonal waterlogging zone or water area, further comprising: the bank of the ecological wetland area is equipped with biological bed area, the biological bed area is composed of water inlet sedimentation zone, filter zone, biological purification zone, the filter zone is installed on water inlet sedimentation zone, the biological purification zone is located on the side of filter zone far from water inlet sedimentation zone, and close to the water body of ecological wetland area, the filter zone is composed of filter tank, retaining wall, filter screen, filter material and planting tray. A kind of composite front pond treatment systems of lake inflow runoff pollution provided by the utility model can concentrate processing lake inflow runoff pollution, comprehensively purifies various pollutants in runoff.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cutting equipment technology, specifically a composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake. Background Technology

[0002] Runoff refers to the water flow formed on the earth's surface by natural precipitation such as rainfall or snowmelt, and it is one of the important pathways for the input of nutrients into urban water bodies. During urbanization, due to changes in land cover types, the surface infiltration capacity decreases, resulting in more precipitation entering urban water bodies in the form of runoff.

[0003] Surface runoff is a significant source of lake pollution. It carries large amounts of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, primarily from agricultural non-point source pollution (e.g., excessive use of chemical fertilizers) and urban sewage. When nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich surface runoff enters a lake, it causes a massive proliferation of algae and other plankton. Excessive algae growth depletes dissolved oxygen, leading to decreased dissolved oxygen levels and reduced water transparency, ultimately resulting in water quality deterioration. Furthermore, large areas of impermeable surface in cities, such as roads and parking lots, carry pollutants like heavy metals from vehicle exhaust, oil fumes, organic matter from garbage, and sediment into lakes during rainfall, severely damaging the lake ecosystem.

[0004] Conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective in addressing pollution from runoff flowing into the lake. Traditional wastewater treatment plants are suitable for handling large-scale, centralized wastewater discharges, but are ineffective for decentralized runoff with significant variations in flow and water quality. Simple physicochemical treatment methods, such as adsorption, filtration, and disinfection, are ineffective and have limitations. Purely ecological remediation methods, such as planting submerged plants, while having some purification effect, have limited capacity to remove high concentrations and complex components of pollutants from runoff flowing into the lake, and the ecosystem is highly susceptible to impacts from hydraulic loading and pollutant load shocks.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a composite pre-treatment system that can operate at low cost and comprehensively treat various types of pollutants in runoff flowing into the lake. This system has low investment costs and is simple and convenient to maintain in the later stages. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering lakes, aiming to solve the aforementioned problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: A composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution flowing into a lake includes an ecological wetland and a biological bed area, which are naturally or artificially formed perennial / seasonal water accumulation zones or water bodies with significant ecological functions, and also includes: The ecological wetland has a biological bed area on its bank, which consists of an inlet sedimentation area, a filtration area, and a biological purification area. The filtration area is installed on the inlet sedimentation area, and the biological purification area is located on the side of the filtration area away from the inlet sedimentation area and close to the water body of the ecological wetland. The filtration area consists of a filtration tank, a retaining wall, a filter screen, filter media, and a planting tray.

[0008] Preferably, the filter tank is located in the inlet sedimentation zone and is supported by support columns at its four corners. The four sides of the filter tank are made of impermeable stone bricks. The filter screen is installed and fixed at the bottom of the filter tank. The retaining wall is located at the rear of the filter tank, away from the biological purification zone and suspended off the ground. A number of water outlet holes 1 are opened in a row on the tank wall near the biological tank. The filter tank is filled with three layers of filter media. The particle size of the filter media is distributed from large to small from bottom to top, which is conducive to efficient filtration and water flow.

[0009] Preferably, the inlet sedimentation zone further includes a sewage discharge component, a sludge outlet, a seepage barrier wall, and a detachable metal mesh. The top of the inlet sedimentation zone has an inlet, and seepage barriers are provided below the inlet and on its left and right sides. The seepage barriers form the main frame structure of the inlet sedimentation zone. One end of the detachable metal mesh is located above the inlet, and the other end is fixedly installed above the opening of the frame formed by the seepage barrier wall.

[0010] Preferably, the sewage discharge assembly is located at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone and also includes a sewage pump installed at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone. The pump's extraction end is connected to three sludge conveying branch pipes via a four-way pipe. The three sludge conveying branch pipes are connected via a four-way pipe. The inlets of the three sludge conveying branch pipes are arranged upwards at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone. The sludge outlet is located below the left anti-seepage wall and is connected to the sewage pump's sludge conveying main pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the biological purification zone is composed of multiple biological tanks of different widths stacked together in a stepped manner. Each of the front and rear side walls is provided with a drain hole at the top. The biological tanks are filled with biological packing material, and the biological packing material in each biological tank is divided into three layers, with the bottom layer having the largest specific surface area.

[0012] Preferably, submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the ecological wetland area, and emergent plants are planted on the revetment.

[0013] Preferably, the planting tray is located at the top of the filter media in the filtration tank, and stainless steel hooks are hinged to the upper ends of its three sides. The planting tray can be suspended and supported in the planting tray by the hooks. The bottom of the planting tray is a support plate with a hollow structure. Several placement slots are evenly opened in the planting tray, and planting pots are placed in the placement slots. The bottom of the planting pots has through holes, and aquatic plants are planted in the planting pots.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This utility model provides a composite pre-treatment system for lake runoff pollution, which can centrally treat lake runoff pollution and comprehensively purify various pollutants in the runoff. The runoff flows into the inlet sedimentation zone and then flows upward through the filter tank. Oil, silt, and other solid pollutants in the runoff are adsorbed or precipitated by the filter media into the inlet sedimentation zone to form sludge. The sludge is discharged from the sedimentation tank by a sewage pump. The water flows into the biological tank from the outlet or upper edge of the filter tank. After being deeply purified by the biochemical action of the biological packing in the multi-layer biological tank, the runoff flows into the ecological wetland. Through the absorption and transformation of various submerged and emergent plants and aquatic animals in the ecological wetland, the content of various nutrients and heavy metals in the runoff is further reduced. Finally, the water flows into the lake through the wetland outlet. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the biological bed structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation zone structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planting box structure of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sewage discharge component of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] Please see Figure 1 and 2The embodiments proposed in this application involve: a composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake, comprising an ecological wetland area and a biological bed area. The ecological wetland refers to a naturally or artificially formed perennial / seasonal water accumulation zone or water area with significant ecological functions, including sea areas with a water depth of no more than 6 meters at low tide (excluding paddy fields and aquaculture water areas). Its core value lies in maintaining biodiversity, regulating climate, purifying water quality, and other ecological functions. The biological bed area is located on the shore of the ecological wetland area, and an outlet is provided on one side of the biological bed area and connected to the ecological wetland area, so that the effluent from the biological bed can directly enter the ecological wetland area.

[0018] Specifically, the biological bed area consists of an influent sedimentation zone, a filtration zone, and a biological purification zone. The filtration zone is installed above the influent sedimentation zone, while the biological purification zone is located on the side of the filtration zone away from the influent sedimentation zone and close to the water body of the ecological wetland. The filtration zone includes a filtration trough, retaining walls, a filter screen, filter media, and planting trays. The filtration trough is located within the influent sedimentation zone and is supported by four corner support columns, each 0.4m high. The filtration trough's length, width, and height are 3m, 1.6m, and 1.2m respectively. The trough's front, back, left, and right sides are constructed of impermeable stone bricks. The filter screen, made of stainless steel, is installed and fixed at the bottom of the filtration trough. The filter screen has a 4×4cm pore size and a fine wire mesh. The filter tank is 5cm thick and the retaining wall is located behind the filter tank, away from the biological purification area, and suspended off the ground (the suspended part is supported by support columns). The filter tank has several rows of water outlet holes 1 on the side of the tank wall near the biological tank, which are connected to the biological purification area. The water outlet holes 1 are spaced 10cm apart. The filter tank is filled with three layers of filter media, each layer is 30cm high. The three layers of filter media, from bottom to top, are pebbles with a particle size of 20-60mm, porous ceramics with a particle size of 5-30mm, and granular activated carbon with a particle size of 0.4-4mm. By selecting filter media of different particle sizes for each layer, the particle size is distributed from bottom to top in a way that is from large to small, which is conducive to efficient filtration and water flow. like Figure 2 and Figure 5 The inlet sedimentation zone consists of a sewage discharge component, a sludge outlet, a seepage barrier wall, and a detachable metal mesh. The top of the inlet sedimentation zone has an inlet, and seepage barriers are set below the inlet and on its left and right sides. The seepage barriers form the main frame structure of the inlet sedimentation zone to prevent water from seeping out. The detachable metal mesh is a foldable mesh (rotatable and foldable). One end is located above the inlet, and the other end is fixedly installed above the opening of the frame formed by the seepage barrier wall, so that the detachable metal mesh can be flipped up and down. The sewage discharge assembly is located at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone, including a sewage pump installed at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone. The sewage pump is protected by a waterproof seal, or a waterproof sewage pump can be used directly. The pump's extraction end is connected to three sludge conveying branch pipes via a four-way pipe. The three sludge conveying branch pipes are connected via a four-way pipe, and their inlets are arranged upwards at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone. The sludge outlet is located below the left anti-seepage wall and is connected to the sewage pump's sludge conveying main pipe. The runoff enters the sedimentation zone through the inlet and then flows out through the filter tank. Various solid impurities and silt in the water are filtered into the inlet sedimentation zone, forming sludge, which is then discharged by the sewage pump. The connection method between the four-way pipe, the sewage pump, the sewage pump's sludge conveying main pipe, the sludge conveying branch pipes, and the corresponding components adopts existing pipe connections, such as flange connections.

[0019] The biological purification zone consists of multiple biological tanks of varying widths stacked in a stepped fashion. Each tank is 3m long and 0.3m high. The tanks are impermeable, with a 1cm diameter drain hole located 6cm from the top of each side wall. The tanks are filled with biological packing material, arranged in three layers. The bottom layer is a 6cm thick mixture of fly ash and bio-wax. The fly ash has a large surface area, providing numerous attachment points for microorganisms, while the bio-wax slowly releases nutrients, effectively promoting the formation of a stable biofilm on the surface by indigenous microorganisms. The structure, with its combination of the two layers, facilitates anaerobic-denitrification by microorganisms; the middle layer is a 5cm thick layer of gravel, which can redistribute and buffer the water flow, preventing short-circuiting; the upper layer is a 6cm thick layer of zeolite. Zeolite is a new type of material that can adsorb ammonium nitrogen indefinitely, is not prone to saturation, and has a large specific surface area. The large amount of adsorbed ammonium nitrogen undergoes nitrification with nitrifying bacteria, converting ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen enters the denitrification layer through the water flow and is reduced to molecular nitrogen (N2) or nitrous oxide (N2O) through the denitrification reaction.

[0020] The ecological wetland area is connected to the biological bed area. Submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the wetland, while emergent plants are planted on the revetment. The submerged plants mainly include Vallisneria natans, domesticated Vallisneria natans, Aquatic Plantago asiatica, Potamogeton malaianus, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Hydrilla verticillata, which are highly tolerant of pollution and have good ornamental value. The emergent plants include Umbrella grass, Yellow iris, German iris, Pickerelweed, Canna indica, and Typha orientalis. Emergent and floating-leaved plants such as *Myriophyllum spicatum* are used, as these emergent plants have excellent absorption and purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus. Benthic animals, fish, and cladocerans are introduced into the wetland water. The benthic animals mainly selected are toothless mussels and ringed snails, which can absorb nutrients from the aquatic environment, thereby effectively reducing the content of eutrophic substances in the water and significantly improving water quality. The carnivorous fish selected are mainly perch, mandarin fish, and yellow catfish, while the filter-feeding fish are silver carp and bighead carp. Cladorades are a key functional group that plays a regulatory role in the material cycle and energy flow in the aquatic ecosystem and have important ecological functions. By utilizing the ecological effects produced by the food chain relationship of carnivorous fish-filter-feeding fish-zooplankton-algae-nutrients, the effect of reducing nutrients and purifying water quality is achieved.

[0021] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 The planting tray is located on top of the filter media in the filtration tank. The planting tray is square, and stainless steel hooks are hinged to the upper ends of its three sides. The planting tray can be suspended and supported in the planting tray, and it is also easy to remove the planting tray from the filtration tank for easy replacement of the filter media later. The bottom of the planting tray is a hollow support plate (similar to a mesh structure). Several placement slots are evenly opened in the planting tray, and planting pots are placed in the placement slots. The planting pots are detachable and replaceable in the planting tray. The bottom of the planting pots has through holes, and aquatic plants are planted in them. The aquatic plants absorb the pollutants concentrated on the upper side of the filtration tank, and also beautify the environment.

[0022] A composite pre-treatment system for lake runoff pollution aims to centrally treat runoff pollution and comprehensively purify various pollutants in the runoff. The runoff flows into the inlet sedimentation zone and then upwards through the filter tank. Oil, silt, and other solid pollutants in the runoff are adsorbed or precipitated by the filter media in the inlet sedimentation zone, forming sludge. The sludge is discharged from the sedimentation tank by a sewage pump. Water flows from the outlet or upper edge of the filter tank into the biological tank. Through the biochemical action of the biological packing material in the multi-layer biological tank, the deeply purified runoff flows into the ecological wetland. Through the absorption and transformation of various submerged and emergent plants and aquatic animals in the ecological wetland, the content of various nutrients and heavy metals in the runoff is further reduced. Finally, the water flows into the lake through the wetland outlet.

[0023] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0024] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake, comprising an ecological wetland area and a biological bed area, which are naturally or artificially formed perennial / seasonal water accumulation zones or water bodies with significant ecological functions, characterized in that... Also includes: The ecological wetland has a biological bed area on its bank, which consists of an inlet sedimentation area, a filtration area, and a biological purification area. The filtration area is installed on the inlet sedimentation area, and the biological purification area is located on the side of the filtration area away from the inlet sedimentation area and close to the water body of the ecological wetland. The filtration area consists of a filtration tank, a retaining wall, a filter screen, filter media, and a planting tray.

2. The composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter tank is located in the inlet sedimentation zone and is supported by the support columns at the four corners of its bottom. The four sides of the filter tank are made of impermeable stone bricks. The filter screen is installed and fixed at the bottom of the filter tank. The retaining wall is located on the back side of the filter tank, away from the biological purification zone and suspended off the ground. A row of several water outlet holes (1) are opened on the tank wall on the side of the filter tank close to the biological tank. The filter tank is filled with three layers of filter media. The particle size of the filter media is distributed from large to small from bottom to top, which is conducive to efficient filtration and water flow.

3. The composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet sedimentation zone also includes a sewage discharge component, a sludge outlet, a seepage barrier wall, and a detachable metal mesh. The top of the inlet sedimentation zone has an inlet, and seepage barriers are provided below the inlet and on its left and right sides. The seepage barriers form the main frame structure of the inlet sedimentation zone. One end of the detachable metal mesh is located above the inlet, and the other end is fixedly installed above the opening of the frame formed by the seepage barrier wall.

4. The composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sewage discharge assembly is located at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone and also includes a sewage pump installed at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone. The pump's extraction end is connected to three sludge conveying branch pipes via a four-way pipe. The three sludge conveying branch pipes are connected via a four-way pipe. The inlets of the three sludge conveying branch pipes are arranged upwards at the bottom of the inlet sedimentation zone. The sludge outlet is located below the left anti-seepage wall and is connected to the sewage pump's sludge conveying main pipe.

5. The composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological purification zone consists of multiple biological tanks of different widths stacked together in a stepped manner. Each tank has a drain hole located above the top of the front and rear side walls. The biological tanks are filled with biological packing material, which is divided into three layers, with the bottom layer having the largest surface area.

6. The composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake according to claim 1, characterized in that, Submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the ecological wetland area, while emergent plants are planted on the revetment.

7. A composite pre-treatment system for runoff pollution entering a lake, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that, The planting tray is located at the top of the filter media in the filtration tank. Stainless steel hooks are hinged to the upper ends of its three sides. The planting tray can be suspended and supported in the planting tray through the hooks. The bottom of the planting tray is a support plate with a hollow structure. Several placement slots are evenly opened in the planting tray. Planting pots are placed in the placement slots. The bottom of the planting pots has through holes. Aquatic plants are planted in the planting pots.

Images