A new type of precision bearing for vehicles

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of new precision bearings for vehicles, it is related to bearing technical field, with excellent temperature resistance, wear resistance, impact resistance, long service life, suitable for high speed, heavy load, high temperature, vacuum and other harsh environment. Including bearing outer ring, bearing inner race and roller, the raceway of the bearing inner race and the raceway of the bearing outer ring are both double raceway structure, the raceway generatrix of the bearing outer ring, the bearing inner race and the roller generatrix are logarithmic curve convexity shape, the lower half of bearing is load area, the upper half of bearing is non-load area, the curvature radius of the load area raceway is greater than the curvature radius of the non-load area raceway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of bearing technology, specifically a new type of precision bearing for transportation vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Precision bearings are core components of the power transmission and load-bearing systems in modern transportation vehicles (such as high-speed trains, electric vehicles, aircraft engines, and high-performance ships). Their performance directly affects the efficiency, reliability, lifespan, and operational safety of the equipment. As transportation vehicles develop towards higher speeds, heavier loads, energy efficiency, longer lifespans, and adaptability to extreme environments (high temperature, vacuum, strong electromagnetic fields), traditional precision bearings face a series of severe challenges:

[0003] 1. Contact Stress and Fatigue Issues: Under heavy load conditions, extremely high Hertzian contact stress is generated in the contact area between the roller and the raceway. Stress concentration is particularly likely to occur at the raceway edges, leading to surface fatigue spalling (such as pitting and spalling), which is a major cause of bearing failure. Traditional symmetrical raceway designs and single crown curves are difficult to achieve optimal stress distribution under all operating conditions.

[0004] 2. Friction and Wear in Non-Load Areas: During bearing operation, not all rollers are under load at all times. If the rollers in the non-load area are poorly guided or there is unnecessary sliding friction between them and the raceway, it will not only cause additional energy loss (reduced energy efficiency), but also lead to abnormal wear at the roller ends or raceway edges, shortening the bearing life.

[0005] 3. Lubrication Efficiency and Pollution: Traditional lubrication methods (such as grease filling or oil bath / splash lubrication) often suffer from over-lubrication or under-lubrication. Over-lubrication leads to significant "oil churning loss," increasing energy consumption and temperature rise, and waste oil may pollute the environment; under-lubrication accelerates wear. At the same time, replenishing lubricant during long-term operation is difficult, increasing maintenance burden and downtime.

[0006] 4. Material and performance bottlenecks: Under high-speed operation, the centrifugal expansion effect of steel rolling elements is aggravated, affecting running accuracy and increasing cage load; extreme temperatures (high / low temperatures), vacuum or strong electromagnetic environments place higher demands on the heat resistance, dimensional stability, wear resistance and insulation of bearing materials.

[0007] 5. Cage performance: Under high speed or variable operating conditions, metal cages are prone to noise, wear, and even guide failure; non-metallic cages, if lacking in strength, temperature resistance, or self-lubrication, can also become a bottleneck in the system.

[0008] While existing technologies seek breakthroughs through optimizing raceway crown design (such as logarithmic curves), employing ceramic rolling elements, improving cage materials, or experimenting with micro-lubrication, they often focus on solving single problems and lack a systematic and synergistic improvement over the overall bearing performance (optimized stress distribution, reduced friction loss, wear control, intelligent lubrication, and adaptability to extreme environments). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an innovative precision bearing design that can comprehensively address the above challenges and meet the stringent requirements of next-generation transportation vehicles for high reliability, ultra-long lifespan, high energy efficiency, and environmental adaptability. Utility Model Content

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the defects of the existing technology and provide a new type of precision bearing for transportation vehicles, which has excellent temperature resistance, wear resistance, impact resistance, long service life, and is suitable for harsh environments such as high speed, heavy load, high temperature, and vacuum.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of this utility model is: a novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles, comprising an outer ring, an inner ring, and rollers. The raceways of the inner ring and the outer ring are both double-raceway structures. The generatrices of the raceways of the outer ring and inner ring, and the generatrices of the rollers, are logarithmic curves with convexity. The lower half of the bearing is the load area, and the upper half is the non-load area. The radius of curvature of the raceway in the load area is greater than that in the non-load area. A smooth curve is used to transition between the load area and the non-load area.

[0011] Furthermore, the roller is a tapered roller made of silicon nitride-based composite material.

[0012] Furthermore, a cage is provided between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing to separate and guide the movement of the rollers.

[0013] Furthermore, the cage is made of a high-performance engineering polymer composite material.

[0014] Furthermore, the diameter of any point on the raceway in the load area is larger than the diameter of any point on the raceway in the non-load area.

[0015] Furthermore, a miniature oil reservoir is provided inside the outer ring of the bearing.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer ring of the bearing has an oil supply channel connected to the miniature oil storage cavity at the raceway, and the oil supply channel is a capillary channel.

[0017] Furthermore, the oil supply channel connects the miniature oil storage chamber with the working surface of the raceway.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. By setting two asymmetrical raceways, contact stress can be reduced, stress distribution optimized, and wear reduced, resulting in a lifespan 50%-100% longer than traditional precision bearings;

[0020] 2. The optimized raceway, the ultra-low friction coating on the rollers, and the intelligent micro-lubrication work together to reduce friction loss by 15%-30% and improve the energy efficiency of vehicles.

[0021] 3. Improved lubrication: The intelligent micro-lubrication system greatly extends the lubrication cycle, reducing downtime and maintenance costs;

[0022] 4. It also has excellent temperature resistance, wear resistance, and impact resistance, making it more suitable for harsh environments such as high speed, heavy load, high temperature, and vacuum. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles according to this utility model.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1. Bearing outer ring; 2. Bearing inner ring; 3. Roller; 4. Cage; 5. Non-load area;

[0025] 6. Load area; 7. Miniature oil storage chamber; 8. Oil supply channel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the contents of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0027] In this embodiment, a novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles is provided, including an outer ring 1, an inner ring 2, and rollers 3. The raceways of the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 1 are both double raceway structures. The generatrices of the raceways of the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2, and the generatrices of the rollers 3, are logarithmic curve convex shapes. The lower half of the bearing is the load area 6, and the upper half is the non-load area 5. The diameter of any point on the raceway in the load area 6 is larger than the diameter of any point on the raceway in the non-load area 5. A smooth curve is used to transition between the load area 6 and the non-load area 5.

[0028] In this embodiment, the diameter of any point on the raceway in the load zone 6 is larger than the diameter of any point on the raceway in the non-load zone 5. The motion arc of any point on the roller 3 is circular. For a circle, the larger its diameter, the smaller its curvature, and the larger its radius of curvature. According to Hertz's contact theory, stress is inversely proportional to the square root of the radius of curvature. Therefore, the larger radius of curvature of the raceway in the load zone 6 can significantly reduce the peak contact stress, effectively suppress the initiation of fatigue pitting, and greatly improve the basic rated life of the bearing. The smaller radius of curvature of the raceway in the non-load zone 5 can optimize the guidance and motion trajectory of the roller 3 in the non-load zone 5, provide stronger roller guiding constraint, significantly reduce roller skew, spin slip and the resulting frictional power consumption and wear, reduce sliding friction, and effectively improve service life. The service life is 50%-100% longer than that of traditional precision bearings.

[0029] In this embodiment, roller 3 is a tapered roller made of silicon nitride-based composite material. Its core is a high-toughness silicon nitride matrix, and the surface layer is a gradient layer rich in reinforcing phases such as silicon carbide and zirconium oxide, formed by plasma spraying. Specifically, the core of roller 3 uses gas pressure sintered (GPS) silicon nitride with a grain size ≤0.8μm, fracture toughness ≥7.5 MPa·m¹ / ², and flexural strength ≥1200MPa. The bottom layer of the gradient layer is Si3N4 + 30vol% nano-SiC, forming a high-toughness transition layer with a thickness of 50μm. The middle layer is SiC + 20vol% ZrO2 + 5vol% graphene, achieving phase transformation toughening and enhancing thermal conductivity, with a thickness of 30μm. The surface layer is SiC + nano-hBN solid lubricant, enabling self-repair and reducing friction and wear, with a thickness of 10μm. In summary, from the core to the surface, the reinforcing phase (SiC, With a continuous gradient increase in ZrO2 content, the hardness and wear resistance are correspondingly improved, while ensuring good bonding strength with the core and preventing peeling. This can significantly improve the wear resistance and plastic deformation resistance of the roller, reduce centrifugal expansion at high speeds, and has good insulation properties. Compared with traditional solutions, silicon nitride-based composite materials are much lighter than traditional steel rollers and have less centrifugal force at high speeds.

[0030] In this embodiment, a cage 4 is provided between the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2 of the bearing to separate and guide the movement of the roller 3. The cage 4 is made of high-performance engineering polymer composite material in a biomimetic honeycomb shape, which reduces the weight by 40% while increasing the radial stiffness by 200%. The material selection is such as PEEK+carbon fiber or PEEK+PTFE, which has the advantages of self-lubrication, low noise, corrosion resistance and insulation. At the same time, the pocket shape of the cage 4 is precisely matched with the contour of the roller 3. The cage 4 and the roller 3 work together to enhance the overall environmental resistance of the bearing and are suitable for harsh load environments.

[0031] In this embodiment, a miniature oil reservoir 7 is provided inside the outer ring 1 of the bearing, and an oil supply channel 8 connected to the miniature oil reservoir 7 is provided on the outer ring 1 of the bearing at the raceway. The oil supply channel 8 is a capillary channel, which connects the miniature oil reservoir 7 and the working surface of the raceway. It relies on capillary force to continuously and slowly draw out a small amount of lubricant from the oil reservoir and deliver it to the raceway contact area through the channel. This can achieve extremely small, on-demand, and point-to-point lubrication, greatly reducing the amount of lubricant used and avoiding oil churning loss and contamination caused by excessive lubrication. At the same time, the continuous supply of a small amount of fresh lubricant helps to form a more stable and effective oil film in the contact area, improves boundary lubrication conditions, and reduces wear.

[0032] The advantages of this invention are as follows: By setting two asymmetrical raceways, contact stress can be reduced, stress distribution optimized, and wear reduced, resulting in a 50%-100% increase in lifespan compared to traditional precision bearings; the optimized raceways, ultra-low friction coated rollers, and intelligent micro-lubrication work together to reduce friction loss by 15%-30%, improving the energy efficiency of vehicles; improved lubrication conditions and the intelligent micro-lubrication system greatly extend the lubrication cycle, reducing downtime and maintenance costs; in summary, the novel precision bearing for vehicles proposed in this solution, through the synergistic effect of asymmetrical raceway design (reducing stress peaks), ceramic gradient rollers (anti-wear / deformation / fatigue), and intelligent micro-lubrication (optimizing oil film / reducing wear), achieves a significant reduction in energy consumption and improves bearing life from three dimensions: stress source, material resistance, and lubrication protection. It also possesses excellent temperature resistance, wear resistance, and impact resistance, making it more suitable for harsh environments such as high speed, heavy load, high temperature, and vacuum.

[0033] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles, comprising an outer bearing ring (1), an inner bearing ring (2), and rollers (3), characterized in that: The raceway of the inner ring (2) and the raceway of the outer ring (1) of the bearing are both double raceway structures. The generatrix of the raceway of the outer ring (1) and the inner ring (2) of the bearing and the generatrix of the roller (3) are logarithmic curve convex shapes. The lower half of the bearing is the load area (6) and the upper half of the bearing is the non-load area (5). The radius of curvature of the raceway in the load area (6) is greater than the radius of curvature of the raceway in the non-load area (5).

2. The novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller (3) is a tapered roller (3) made of silicon nitride-based composite material.

3. The novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: A retainer (4) is provided between the outer ring (1) and the inner ring (2) of the bearing to separate and guide the movement of the roller (3).

4. The novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cage (4) is made of high-performance engineering polymer composite material.

5. A novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of any point on the raceway in the load area (6) is greater than the diameter of any point on the raceway in the non-load area (5).

6. The novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing outer ring (1) is provided with a miniature oil reservoir (7).

7. A novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer ring (1) of the bearing has an oil supply channel (8) connected to the micro oil storage cavity (7) at the raceway. The oil supply channel (8) is a capillary channel.

8. A novel precision bearing for transportation vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: The oil supply channel (8) connects the miniature oil storage chamber (7) with the working surface of the raceway.

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