A square reactor

Abstract

The utility model relates to the reaction equipment of resource utilization to sour gas, specifically square reactor, reactor square casing inside is divided into process gas heating area and process gas reaction area in proper order from below to top, and the upper of reactor square casing is process gas reheating area, and the reactor square casing of process gas heating area is equipped with process gas inlet connector, and the heat exchanger is located process gas inlet connector top, and the heat exchanger is by the multilayer of from below to top setting, and each layer is at least one, the reactor square casing of process gas reaction area is installed with catalyst support frame, and the catalyst support frame is placed with catalyst, and process gas reheating area is equipped with combustion furnace and expansion joint, and the lower part of combustion furnace is connected with reactor square casing, and the top of combustion furnace is connected with expansion joint. The utility model improves the overall processing capacity of equipment, reduces equipment land occupation while expanding device scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to reaction equipment for the resource utilization of acidic gas in the sulfuric acid industry, specifically a square reactor. Background Technology

[0002] The platinum reactor in the sulfuric acid industry is a device that converts acidic gas into sulfur dioxide, and its operational stability plays a very important role in the subsequent sulfuric acid production.

[0003] The current reactor structure consists of multiple small reactors connected in series, linked by expansion joints. Each reactor has its own supporting structure, and the combustion furnace is located elsewhere in the unit and connected to the reactors via pipelines. Each reactor layer contains a catalyst bed and a heat exchanger, with the heat exchange tubes using a standard bare tube structure to heat the process gas. The existing reactor structure has the following problems:

[0004] (1) The reactor shell adopts a multi-layer split structure, and the layers are connected by expansion joints, which results in low equipment space utilization. The use of expansion joints increases equipment cost and height, and also increases the cost of the structure.

[0005] (2) Each layer of the reactor is equipped with support lugs, which makes the equipment structure complex and the connection structure numerous. The equipment calculation is complex and places high demands on the selection of expansion joints. If the selection or calculation is improper, it will increase the load on the lugs at local locations, thereby affecting the safety of the equipment. The complex structure increases the difficulty of equipment manufacturing and also increases the risk of equipment leakage.

[0006] (3) The reactor and the combustion furnace are arranged separately, which increases the overall footprint of the equipment and the investment cost of the device and equipment.

[0007] (4) The single-layer structure is adopted. The wall temperature of the equipment is high at the ear support position, which reduces the allowable stress value of the equipment material, increases the material cost, and also requires a larger insulation thickness, which increases the investment cost.

[0008] (5) The reactor adopts a single-row heat exchanger structure, which is not conducive to the large-scale development of the equipment, resulting in low overall processing capacity and low overall thermal efficiency.

[0009] (6) The heat exchanger tubes adopt a common bare tube structure, resulting in low heat exchanger efficiency, which leads to a large number of heat exchangers, large equipment size, and high equipment cost. Utility Model Content

[0010] To address the aforementioned problems with existing reactors, the purpose of this invention is to provide a square reactor. This square reactor employs a double-row parallel heat exchanger arrangement to improve the overall processing capacity of the equipment, expanding the scale of the device while reducing the footprint. Simultaneously, it uses high-efficiency vortex heat exchange tubes instead of ordinary heat exchange tubes in the heat exchangers, thereby reducing the size and number of the original heat exchangers and lowering equipment investment. Furthermore, arranging the combustion furnace and heat exchangers within the same cavity reduces the overall footprint of the equipment, saving on equipment investment costs. The multi-layered, double-cavity structure design provides greater operational flexibility.

[0011] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0012] This utility model includes a reactor shell, a combustion furnace, and heat exchangers and catalysts respectively installed inside the reactor shell. The reactor shell is a square shell, and its interior is divided into a process gas heating zone and a process gas reaction zone from bottom to top. The upper part of the square shell is a process gas reheating zone. The process gas heating zone of the reactor shell is provided with a process gas inlet pipe. The heat exchanger is located above the process gas inlet pipe. The heat exchanger is arranged in multiple layers from bottom to top, with at least one heat exchanger in each layer. Each layer of heat exchanger is supported and fixed by a support plate fixed to the inner wall of the square shell. The process gas reaction zone of the reactor shell is equipped with a catalyst support frame, and the catalyst is placed on the catalyst support frame. The process gas reheating zone is provided with a combustion furnace and an expansion joint. The lower part of the combustion furnace is connected to the square shell of the reactor, and the top of the combustion furnace is connected to the expansion joint.

[0013] Wherein: a front baffle to prevent process gas short circuit is provided above the front end of each heat exchanger layer, and a rear baffle to prevent process gas short circuit is provided above the rear end of each heat exchanger layer. The front baffle and the rear baffle are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the square shell of the reactor, and are used to prevent process gas from passing between the front end of the heat exchanger and the square shell of the reactor, and between the rear end of the heat exchanger and the square shell of the reactor.

[0014] The support plate includes a side support plate, a middle support plate, a front support plate, a rear support plate, and a heat exchanger support slide rail. Side support plates are fixed to the inner walls of the reactor square shell on both sides of each heat exchanger layer. A middle support plate is fixed to the middle of the inner walls of the reactor square shell on both sides of each heat exchanger layer. A front support plate, a rear support plate, and a heat exchanger support slide rail are provided below each heat exchanger layer. The front support plate and the rear support plate are fixed to the inner walls of the reactor square shell, and the heat exchanger support slide rail is fixed to the side support plate or the middle support plate.

[0015] Each heat exchanger has two parallel support rails underneath, one fixed to the side support plate and the other fixed to the middle support plate. The front and rear support plates are located between the two support rails. The two support rails not only support the heat exchanger but also prevent process gas from passing between the left and right sides of the heat exchanger and the side support plates, thus preventing short circuits.

[0016] The heat exchanger is a high-efficiency heat exchanger, that is, the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger is a vortex tube.

[0017] At least one set of support lugs is fixed to opposite sides of the outer side of the square shell of the reactor. The support lugs are located on the outside of the square shell of the reactor in the lowest heat exchanger where the reactor temperature is relatively low.

[0018] The catalyst support frame has multiple spaces for placing the catalyst. Each space is matched to the shape of the catalyst, and the bottom edge of each space extends inward to support the catalyst.

[0019] A compression grid is provided above the catalyst to compress it.

[0020] The cavity of the combustion furnace is frustum-shaped.

[0021] A bottom manhole is provided on the opposite side of the process gas inlet pipe, and a top manhole is provided on the cavity of the combustion furnace.

[0022] The advantages and positive effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0023] 1. The heat exchanger of this utility model adopts a multi-layer arrangement, with at least one heat exchanger in each layer. This is conducive to the large-scale operation of the reactor, improving the processing capacity of a single reactor, increasing the overall thermal energy utilization rate of the heat exchanger, saving investment, reducing heat energy consumption, and saving the reactor's footprint. At the same time, the multi-layer double-row heat exchanger arrangement structure allows for flexible adjustment of the material parameters of the heat exchanger according to changes in the reactor gas feed, thereby giving the reactor greater operational flexibility.

[0024] 2. The present invention uses a high-efficiency vortex heat exchange tube for the heat exchanger inside the reactor. This heat exchange tube has a high heat transfer efficiency (compared with existing heat exchangers, the heat transfer efficiency can be increased by 20% to 30%), thus reducing the number of heat exchangers and the size of the heat exchangers, thereby reducing the overall height of the reactor and saving equipment investment costs.

[0025] 3. The structural design of this utility model, which sets up the multi-layer double-row high-efficiency heat exchanger, catalyst, and combustion furnace in the same cavity, makes the reactor arrangement more compact, reduces the reactor footprint, and reduces the overall cost of structural investment.

[0026] 4. The supporting lugs of this utility model are arranged on both sides of the reactor shell where the temperature is lower, avoiding the positions with higher temperature and higher gradient. This can effectively improve the temperature difference stress at the supporting lugs and increase the allowable stress of the reactor material at the supporting lugs, thereby further improving the safety of the reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structure of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a right sectional view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model.

[0030] Wherein: 1 is expansion joint, 2 is combustion furnace, 3 is compression grid, 4 is heat exchanger support slide rail, 5 is intermediate support plate, 6 is side support plate, 7 is support lug, 8 is process gas inlet pipe, 9 is rear end baffle, 10 is stage III high-efficiency heat exchanger, 11 is rear end support plate, 12 is stage II high-efficiency heat exchanger, 13 is stage I high-efficiency heat exchanger, 14 is front end baffle, 15 is front end support plate, 16 is reactor square shell, 17 is top manhole, 18 is bottom manhole, and 19 is catalyst support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model includes a reactor shell, a combustion furnace, and a heat exchanger and a catalyst respectively installed inside the reactor shell.

[0033] In this embodiment, the reactor shell is a square reactor shell 16. The interior of the square reactor shell 16 is divided into a process gas heating zone and a process gas reaction zone from bottom to top. The upper part of the square reactor shell 16 is the process gas reheating zone. The square reactor shell 16 in the process gas heating zone is provided with a process gas inlet pipe 8. The heat exchanger is located above the process gas inlet pipe 8. The heat exchanger is arranged in multiple layers from bottom to top, with at least one heat exchanger in each layer. Each layer of heat exchanger is supported and fixed by a support plate fixed to the inner wall of the square reactor shell 16. The square reactor shell 16 in the process gas reaction zone is equipped with a catalyst support frame 19, and a catalyst 20 is placed on the catalyst support frame 19. The process gas reheating zone is provided with a combustion furnace 2 and an expansion joint 1. The lower part of the combustion furnace 2 is connected to the square reactor shell 16, and the top of the combustion furnace 2 is connected to the expansion joint 1.

[0034] In this embodiment, the process gas inlet pipe 8 is located on one side of the semi-circular cavity at the bottom of the square shell 16 of the reactor, and a bottom manhole 18 is provided on the opposite side of the process gas inlet pipe 8. The size of the process gas inlet pipe 8 is determined according to the flow rate of the acidic process gas processed by the reactor, and the bottom manhole 18 is provided for the maintenance of the reactor at the process gas inlet at the bottom of the reactor.

[0035] The process gas in this embodiment is 0.21% H2S, 5.89% O2, 1.32% SO2, 5.25% CO2, 0.01% CO, 61.7% N2, 24.8% H2O, 0.3% Ar, 0.5% H2, and 0.02% NO by volume.

[0036] The heat exchanger preferably has two to five layers, with one to two heat exchangers preferably installed in each layer. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger has three layers, with two heat exchangers in each layer. From bottom to top, they are a Class I high-efficiency heat exchanger 13, a Class II high-efficiency heat exchanger 12, and a Class III high-efficiency heat exchanger 10. A front baffle 14 is provided above the front end of each of the two heat exchangers in each layer to prevent short circuit of the process gas, and a rear baffle 9 is provided above the rear end of each of the two heat exchangers in each layer to prevent short circuit of the process gas. The front baffle 14 and the rear baffle 9 are respectively welded to the inner wall of the square shell 16 of the reactor to prevent the process gas from passing between the front end of the heat exchanger and the square shell 16 of the reactor, and between the rear end of the heat exchanger and the square shell 16 of the reactor (i.e., process gas short circuit), so that the process gas passes through the middle of the heat exchanger.

[0037] The support plate in this embodiment includes a side support plate 6, a middle support plate 5, a front support plate 15, a rear support plate 11, and a heat exchanger support slide rail 4. Side support plates 6 are welded to the inner walls of the reactor square shell 16 on both sides of each heat exchanger layer. A middle support plate 5 is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner walls of the reactor square shell 16 on both sides of each heat exchanger layer. The side support plates 6 and middle support plates 5 are preferably integral plates, rather than spliced ​​together. Each heat exchanger in each layer has a front support plate 15, a rear support plate 11, and a heat exchanger support slide rail 4 below it. The front support plate 15 and the rear support plate 11 are respectively welded to the inner walls of the reactor square shell 16. The heat exchanger support slide rail 4 is fixedly connected to either the side support plate 6 or the middle support plate 5.

[0038] In this embodiment, each heat exchanger has two parallel left and right support rails below it. The two heat exchanger support rails 4 are set at the same height as the front support plate 15 and the rear support plate 11, which are located between the two heat exchanger support rails 4. One heat exchanger support rail 4 is welded to the side support plate 6, and the other heat exchanger support rail 4 is welded to the front and rear intermediate support plates 5. The two heat exchanger support rails 4 not only support the heat exchanger, but also prevent process gas from passing between the left and right sides of the heat exchanger and the side support plate 6, thus preventing short circuit of the process gas.

[0039] In this embodiment, all heat exchangers in each layer are high-efficiency heat exchangers, meaning the heat exchange tubes are vortex tubes (they can also be replaced by smooth tube heat exchangers, finned tube heat exchangers, or enhanced heat exchange tube heat exchangers), which is existing technology and will not be elaborated further here. The use of high-efficiency heat exchangers reduces the size of the reactor and expands its processing capacity. The multi-layer, double-row heat exchanger structure provides a method for scaling up a single unit, reducing the cost of the reactor and improving its economic efficiency for the same processing capacity.

[0040] At least one set of support lugs 7 are fixed to opposite sides of the outer side of the reactor square shell 16. In this embodiment, four sets of support lugs are provided. The support lugs 7 are located on the outside of the reactor square shell 16 of the lowest heat exchanger (i.e., the first-stage high-efficiency heat exchanger 13) where the reactor temperature is relatively low, thereby reducing the risk of reactor support structure.

[0041] The catalyst support frame 19 has multiple spaces for placing the catalyst 20. Each space matches the shape of the catalyst 20, and the bottom edge of each space extends inward to support the catalyst 20 and prevent it from falling off. In this embodiment, the catalyst support frame 19 adopts a grid-like frame design structure. A rectangular catalyst 20 is placed in each grid, and a pressing grid 3 is placed on top of the catalyst 20 to press it down.

[0042] In this embodiment, the catalyst is a platinum catalyst supported on alumina, and the mass content of Pt is 0.5%.

[0043] The combustion furnace in this embodiment is existing technology. The furnace can be selected based on the maximum process gas throughput, and the amount of combustion gas can be adjusted according to the reactor outlet temperature. The combustion furnace 2 has a frustum-shaped cavity to facilitate communication with the expansion joint 1 and the reactor square shell 16. The combustion furnace cavity and the reactor square shell 16 can be the same cavity, effectively placing the high-efficiency heat exchanger, catalyst, and combustion furnace within the same cavity. This divides the reactor interior into three functional zones: a process medium heating zone, a process medium reaction zone, and a process medium reheat zone. The expansion joint 1 is located at the top of the combustion furnace to absorb the axial expansion of the reactor caused by heating. A top manhole 17 is provided on the side of the combustion furnace 2 cavity for reactor maintenance.

[0044] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0045] The process gas enters the square shell 16 of the reactor through the process gas inlet pipe 8. In the process gas heating zone, it passes through three layers of high-efficiency heat exchangers: the first-stage high-efficiency heat exchanger 13, the second-stage high-efficiency heat exchanger 12, and the third-stage high-efficiency heat exchanger 10, from bottom to top. After heat exchange, the process gas reacts with the catalyst 20 in the process gas reaction zone to generate sulfur dioxide gas. Then, it is reheated in the combustion furnace in the process gas reheat zone and finally discharged from the reactor.

[0046] This invention places a multi-layer double-row high-efficiency heat exchanger, catalyst, and combustion furnace in the same cavity, which reduces the reactor size, reduces the reactor footprint, increases the processing capacity, simplifies the reactor design, and reduces reactor investment costs.

Claims

1. A square reactor, comprising a reactor shell, a combustion furnace, and a heat exchanger and a catalyst respectively installed within the reactor shell, characterized in that: The reactor shell is a square reactor shell (16). The interior of the square reactor shell (16) is divided into a process gas heating zone and a process gas reaction zone from bottom to top. The upper part of the square reactor shell (16) is a process gas reheat zone. The square reactor shell (16) in the process gas heating zone is provided with a process gas inlet pipe (8). The heat exchanger is located above the process gas inlet pipe (8). The heat exchanger is arranged in multiple layers from bottom to top, with at least one heat exchanger in each layer. Each heat exchanger is supported and fixed by a support plate fixed to the inner wall of the square reactor shell (16). A catalyst support frame (19) is installed inside the square reactor shell (16) in the process gas reaction zone. A catalyst (20) is placed on the catalyst support frame (19). The process gas reheat zone is provided with a combustion furnace (2) and an expansion joint (1). The lower part of the combustion furnace (2) is connected to the square reactor shell (16), and the top of the combustion furnace (2) is connected to the expansion joint (1).

2. The square reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each heat exchanger layer has a front baffle (14) above its front end to prevent short circuit of process gas, and a rear baffle (9) above its rear end to prevent short circuit of process gas. The front baffle (14) and the rear baffle (9) are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the reactor square shell (16) to prevent process gas from passing between the front end of the heat exchanger and the reactor square shell (16) and between the rear end of the heat exchanger and the reactor square shell (16).

3. The square reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate includes a side support plate (6), a middle support plate (5), a front support plate (15), a rear support plate (11), and a heat exchanger support slide rail (4). The side support plate (6) is fixed to the inner wall of the reactor square shell (16) on both sides of each heat exchanger layer. The middle support plate (5) is fixed to the middle of the inner wall of the reactor square shell (16) on both sides of each heat exchanger layer. The front support plate (15), the rear support plate (11), and the heat exchanger support slide rail (4) are provided below each heat exchanger layer. The front support plate (15) and the rear support plate (11) are fixed to the inner wall of the reactor square shell (16), and the heat exchanger support slide rail (4) is fixed to the side support plate (6) or the middle support plate (5).

4. The square reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each heat exchanger has two parallel left and right support rails below it. One heat exchanger support rail (4) is fixed to the side support plate (6), and the other heat exchanger support rail (4) is fixed to the middle support plate (5). The front support plate (15) and the rear support plate (11) are located between the two heat exchanger support rails (4). The two heat exchanger support rails (4) support the heat exchanger and also prevent the process gas from passing between the left and right sides of the heat exchanger and the side support plate (6) to prevent short circuit of the process gas.

5. The square reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger is a high-efficiency heat exchanger, that is, the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger is a vortex tube.

6. The square reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one set of support lugs (7) are fixed to the opposite sides of the outer side of the square shell (16) of the reactor. The support lugs (7) are located on the outside of the square shell (16) of the reactor in the lowest heat exchanger where the reactor temperature is relatively low.

7. The square reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst support frame (19) has multiple spaces for placing the catalyst (20), each space matching the shape of the catalyst (20), and the bottom edge of each space extends inward to support the catalyst (20).

8. The square reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressing grid (3) for pressing the catalyst (20) is provided above the catalyst (20).

9. The square reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity of the combustion furnace (2) is frustum-shaped.

10. The square reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process gas inlet pipe (8) has a bottom manhole (18) on the opposite side, and the combustion furnace (2) has a top manhole (17) on its cavity.

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