Electromagnetic pulse attack rapid detection device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electromagnetic pulse attack rapid detection device, it is related to photoelectric field, the device includes antenna module, attenuation filter module, detection comparison module and photoelectric conversion module, antenna module is connected with attenuation filter module, attenuation filter module is connected with detection comparison module, detection comparison module is connected with photoelectric conversion module;Antenna module is used to collect electromagnetic wave signal, and electromagnetic wave signal is converted into electrical signal, attenuation filter module is used to divide electrical signal according to frequency band, detection comparison module is used to compare after dividing electrical signal and output trigger signal according to comparison result, photoelectric conversion module is used to convert trigger signal into optical signal.The application can work stably under strong electromagnetic pulse environment, and can effectively improve the detection ability to electromagnetic pulse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optoelectronics, and more particularly to a rapid detection device for electromagnetic pulse attacks. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic information technology, electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attacks have become a new type of threat, capable of causing serious interference and even permanent damage to electronic equipment and information systems. EMP attacks are characterized by their suddenness, stealth, and destructiveness; they can generate high-intensity electromagnetic fields in a short period, causing malfunctions or hardware damage to electronic equipment, posing a significant threat to national security, critical infrastructure, and important information systems.

[0003] Existing electromagnetic pulse (EMP) protection technologies mainly focus on passive protection measures such as shielding, filtering, and grounding. While these measures can mitigate the impact of EMPs to some extent, they lack real-time monitoring and early warning capabilities for EMP attacks. Furthermore, most existing EMP detection equipment cannot function properly in strong electromagnetic environments. When exposed to high-intensity EMPs, the equipment itself is often the first to be damaged, rendering it unable to complete the detection task.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an electromagnetic pulse attack detection device that can operate stably in a strong electromagnetic pulse environment in order to improve the detection capability of electromagnetic pulses. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a rapid detection device for electromagnetic pulse attacks, which can operate stably in a strong electromagnetic pulse environment to improve the detection capability of electromagnetic pulses.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, a rapid detection device for electromagnetic pulse attacks is provided, comprising an antenna module, an attenuation filtering module, a detection comparison module, and a photoelectric conversion module, wherein the antenna module is connected to the attenuation filtering module, the attenuation filtering module is connected to the detection comparison module, and the detection comparison module is connected to the photoelectric conversion module; The antenna module is used to collect electromagnetic wave signals and convert the electromagnetic wave signals into electrical signals. The attenuation and filtering module is used to divide the electrical signals according to frequency bands. The detection and comparison module is used to compare the divided electrical signals and output a trigger signal according to the comparison result. The photoelectric conversion module is used to convert the trigger signal into an optical signal.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the antenna module includes an antenna and a pre-attenuator, the antenna is connected to the pre-attenuator, the pre-attenuator is connected to the attenuation filtering module, the antenna is used to collect the electromagnetic wave signal and convert the electromagnetic wave signal into an electrical signal, the pre-attenuator is used to attenuate the level of the electrical signal to a preset value, and transmit the electrical signal to the attenuation filtering module.

[0008] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the attenuation filtering module includes a power divider and a filtering unit, one end of the power divider is connected to the pre-attenuator, and the other end of the power divider is connected to the detector comparison module through the filtering unit. The power divider is used to distribute electrical signals to different preset frequency bands.

[0009] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the filtering unit includes m frequency-selective protection components and n impedance matching components, one end of each of the m frequency-selective protection components is connected to the power divider, and the other end of each of the m frequency-selective protection components is connected to the detection comparison module, where m and n are both positive integers.

[0010] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, for any one of the frequency-selective protection components, the frequency-selective protection component includes a first matched attenuator, a second matched attenuator, a filter, and a limiter. The power divider is connected to the filter through the first matched attenuator, the filter is connected to one end of the limiter through the second matched attenuator, and the other end of the limiter is connected to the detector comparison module. The attenuation of the first matching attenuator is the same as that of the second matching attenuator.

[0011] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, for any one of the impedance matching components, the impedance matching component includes a third matching attenuator and a load, and the power divider is connected to the load through the third matching attenuator; The attenuation of the third matching attenuator, the second matching attenuator, and the first matching attenuator is the same.

[0012] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the detection comparison module includes a detection comparison component and a power supply component. One end of the detection comparison component is connected to the limiter, and the other end of the detection comparison component is connected to the photoelectric conversion module. The power supply component is connected to both the detection comparison component and the photoelectric conversion module. The detection comparison component is used to convert the input signal into an envelope waveform and compare the envelope waveform with a preset reference voltage. The power supply component is used to provide the reference voltage and operating voltage to the detection comparison component. The input signal is an electrical signal processed by the attenuation filtering module.

[0013] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the photoelectric conversion module includes a beam splitter, m photoelectric converters, and at least one suppressor, the number of suppressors being the same as the number of power supply modules. For any one of the photoelectric converters, one end of the photoelectric converter is connected to the detector comparator, the other end of the photoelectric converter is connected to the beam splitter, and the suppressor is connected to the power supply module.

[0014] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the detector comparator comprises m identical detector comparators, and each detector comparator corresponds to a preset frequency band.

[0015] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the antenna has a biconical structure.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, this rapid electromagnetic pulse attack detection device effectively solves the problem of existing detection equipment being easily damaged in strong electromagnetic environments by using photoelectric conversion technology. The antenna module collects electromagnetic wave signals and converts them into electrical signals, providing a signal source for subsequent processing. The attenuation and filtering module preprocesses the electrical signals through frequency band division, effectively attenuating excessively strong electromagnetic signals to protect downstream circuits, and filtering out electromagnetic pulse characteristic signals of specific frequency bands to improve detection accuracy and anti-interference capability. The detection and comparison module compares the amplitude and identifies features of the processed signals. When a signal matching the characteristics of an electromagnetic pulse attack is detected, a trigger signal is immediately output, achieving real-time monitoring and rapid response to electromagnetic pulses. The photoelectric conversion module converts the electrical trigger signal into an optical signal output. Since optical signals are unaffected by electromagnetic interference, they can stably transmit detection results even in strong electromagnetic pulse environments, fundamentally solving the problem of traditional electronic detection equipment failing in strong electromagnetic environments. Through reasonable signal attenuation, frequency band filtering, and photoelectric isolation design, the device ensures both detection sensitivity and accuracy, as well as survivability and operational stability in harsh electromagnetic environments, providing a reliable technical solution for real-time early warning of electromagnetic pulse attacks.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this utility model, are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model. The illustrative embodiments of the utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the utility model and do not constitute an undue limitation of the utility model. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the electromagnetic pulse attack rapid detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the attenuation filtering module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detector comparison module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the power supply component described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Antenna module; 11. Antenna; 12. Preamplifier; 2. Attenuation filter module; 21. Power divider; 22. Filtering unit; 3. Detector comparison module; 31. Detector comparison component; 32. Power supply component; 4. Photoelectric conversion module. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0022] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0023] This utility model discloses a rapid detection device for electromagnetic pulse attacks.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 A rapid detection device for electromagnetic pulse attacks includes an antenna module 1, an attenuation filtering module 2, a detection comparison module 3, and a photoelectric conversion module 4. The antenna module 1 is connected to the attenuation filtering module 2, the attenuation filtering module 2 is connected to the detection comparison module 3, and the detection comparison module 3 is connected to the photoelectric conversion module 4.

[0025] The antenna module 1 collects electromagnetic wave signals in space and converts them into electrical signals. The attenuation and filtering module 2 divides the electrical signals according to frequency bands. The detection and comparison module 3 compares the divided electrical signals and outputs a trigger signal based on the comparison result. The photoelectric conversion module 4 converts the trigger signal into an optical signal. Specifically, when the antenna module 1 detects an electromagnetic wave signal with the expected field strength, it induces a corresponding voltage signal. This voltage signal is attenuated and filtered by the attenuation and filtering module 2 before entering the detection and comparison module 3. The detection and comparison module 3 converts the waveform signal induced by the antenna into an envelope waveform, and the amplitude of this envelope waveform is proportional to the original field strength value. When the amplitude of the envelope waveform is greater than a preset reference voltage, the detection and comparison module 3 outputs a trigger signal to the photoelectric conversion module 4. The photoelectric conversion module 4 converts the trigger signal into an optical signal for output, realizing rapid detection and early warning of electromagnetic pulse attacks.

[0026] Specifically, antenna module 1 includes antenna 11 and pre-attenuator 12. Antenna 11 is connected to pre-attenuator 12, and pre-attenuator 12 is connected to attenuation and filtering module 2. Antenna 11 is used to collect electromagnetic wave signals and convert them into electrical signals. Pre-attenuator 12 is used to attenuate the electrical signal level to a preset value and transmit the electrical signal to attenuation and filtering module 2. Antenna 11 is an ultra-wideband omnidirectional antenna with a biconical structure, achieving a frequency response of 0.4–18 GHz and capable of normal operation in a 100 kV / m strong electromagnetic pulse environment. Pre-attenuator 12 is a high-power attenuator with an operating frequency band of DC–8 GHz, a rated power of 100 W, and an attenuation of 20 dB, attenuating the high-level signal coupled to antenna 11 to a level tolerable by the downstream equipment.

[0027] Reference Figure 2 The attenuation and filtering module 2 includes a power divider 21 and a filtering unit 22. One end of the power divider 21 is connected to the pre-attenuator 12, and the other end of the power divider 21 is connected to the detection and comparison module 3 through the filtering unit 22. The power divider 21 is used to distribute the electrical signal to different preset frequency bands. The power divider 21 is a 4-channel power divider with an operating frequency of 1-18GHz and a rated power of CW15W, which distributes the input electrical signal according to the L, S, and C frequency bands.

[0028] The filtering unit 22 includes three frequency-selective protection components and one impedance matching component. One end of each of the three frequency-selective protection components is connected to the power divider 21, and the other end of each is connected to the detection and comparison module 3. The impedance matching component is connected to the power divider 21 for impedance matching. For any given frequency-selective protection component, it includes a first matching attenuator, a second matching attenuator, a filter, and a limiter. The power divider 21 is connected to the filter through the first matching attenuator. The filter is connected to one end of the limiter through the second matching attenuator, and the other end of the limiter is connected to the detection and comparison module 3. The attenuation of both the first and second matching attenuators is 15dB, used to eliminate the effect of filter mismatch on the power divider 21. The limiter is located at the final stage to protect the detection and comparison module 3. The limiter has a residual power of 15.5dBm and a withstand power of 40dBm.

[0029] The impedance matching component includes a third matching attenuator and a load. The power divider 21 is connected to the load through the third matching attenuator. The attenuation of the third matching attenuator is 15dB, which is consistent with the attenuation of the first matching attenuator and the second matching attenuator, and is used to ensure the impedance matching of the power divider 21.

[0030] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The detection and comparison module 3 includes a detection and comparison component 31 and a power supply component 32. One end of the detection and comparison component 31 is connected to a limiter, and the other end is connected to the photoelectric conversion module 4. The power supply component 32 is connected to both the detection and comparison component 31 and the photoelectric conversion module 4. The detection and comparison component 31 is used to convert the input signal into an envelope waveform and compare the envelope waveform with a preset reference voltage. When the amplitude of the envelope waveform is greater than the reference voltage, a trigger signal is output. The power supply component 32 is used to provide the reference voltage and operating voltage to the detection and comparison component 31.

[0031] The detection comparator assembly 31 includes three identical detection comparators, each corresponding to a preset frequency band: L-band, S-band, and C-band. The detection comparators utilize the LTC5564 chip, which can perform both detection and voltage comparison functions on a single IC, operating at a frequency of 0.6–15 GHz and with a dynamic range of -24–+16 dBm.

[0032] Reference Figure 4 It is known that the power supply component 32 provides the detection and comparison component 31 with nine reference voltages divided into three groups. These reference voltages are output via relay control and correspond to three different field strength environments: 2.2KV / m, 3.3KV / m, and 6.9KV / m. Each group of reference voltages includes different voltage values ​​for the L, S, and C frequency bands to compensate for the differences in gain response of the ultra-wideband antenna to different frequency bands, ensuring that the alarm trigger thresholds at different frequency points are basically the same.

[0033] The photoelectric conversion module 4 includes a beam splitter, three photoelectric converters, and at least one suppressor. The number of suppressors matches the number of power supply modules. For any given photoelectric converter, one end is connected to the detection and comparison component 31, and the other end is connected to the beam splitter. The suppressor is connected to the power supply module for signal suppression. The core of the photoelectric converter is a photodiode, which converts the electrical trigger signal output from the detection and comparison module 3 into an optical signal. Because the optical signal is unaffected by electromagnetic interference, it can stably transmit detection results even in strong electromagnetic pulse environments.

[0034] The following is a detailed description of the operation process of the electromagnetic pulse attack rapid detection device according to an embodiment of this utility model: When an electromagnetic pulse attack occurs in space, antenna 11 collects electromagnetic wave signals and converts them into electrical signals. These electrical signals are attenuated by 20dB by pre-attenuator 12 before entering power divider 21. Power divider 21 distributes the signals according to the L, S, and C frequency bands. Each signal is processed by the corresponding frequency selection protection components, namely, after 15dB attenuation by the first matched attenuator, frequency selection by the filter, 15dB attenuation by the second matched attenuator, and protection by the limiter, it enters the corresponding detector comparator.

[0035] The detector comparator converts the input radio frequency signal into an envelope waveform, the amplitude of which is proportional to the original electromagnetic field strength. The power supply unit 32 provides a corresponding reference voltage based on preset alarm thresholds (2.2KV / m, 3.3KV / m, or 6.9KV / m) and frequency bands (L, S, C). When the envelope waveform amplitude exceeds the reference voltage, the detector comparator outputs a trigger signal to the photoelectric converter. The photoelectric converter converts the electrical trigger signal into an optical signal, which is then output through a beam splitter, enabling rapid detection of electromagnetic pulse attacks and optical signal alarm.

[0036] This invention, through modular design, achieves an antenna coupling power of 86dBm under a 100kV / m strong electromagnetic pulse environment. After being attenuated step-by-step by a pre-attenuator, power divider, matching attenuator, filter, matching attenuator, and limiter, the power finally entering the detector comparator is 15dBm, within the operating range of the detector comparator. For different alarm thresholds, such as 52.9dBm at 2.2kV / m and -9.1dBm at the detector comparator, -5.6dBm at 3.3kV / m, and 0.6dBm at 6.9kV / m, all within the detection range of the detector comparator, ensuring reliable operation of the device under various electromagnetic environments.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0038] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A rapid detection device for electromagnetic pulse attacks, characterized in that, It includes an antenna module (1), an attenuation filtering module (2), a detection comparison module (3), and a photoelectric conversion module. The antenna module (1) is connected to the attenuation filtering module (2), the attenuation filtering module (2) is connected to the detection comparison module (3), and the detection comparison module (3) is connected to the photoelectric conversion module. The antenna module (1) is used to collect electromagnetic wave signals and convert the electromagnetic wave signals into electrical signals. The attenuation and filtering module (2) is used to divide the electrical signals according to frequency bands. The detection and comparison module (3) is used to compare the divided electrical signals and output a trigger signal according to the comparison result. The photoelectric conversion module is used to convert the trigger signal into an optical signal.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna module (1) includes an antenna (11) and a pre-attenuator (12). The antenna (11) is connected to the pre-attenuator (12), and the pre-attenuator (12) is connected to the attenuation filter module (2). The antenna (11) is used to collect the electromagnetic wave signal and convert the electromagnetic wave signal into an electrical signal. The pre-attenuator (12) is used to attenuate the level of the electrical signal to a preset value and transmit the electrical signal to the attenuation filter module (2).

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The attenuation filtering module (2) includes a power divider (21) and a filtering unit (22). One end of the power divider (21) is connected to the pre-attenuator (12), and the other end of the power divider (21) is connected to the detector comparison module (3) through the filtering unit (22). The power divider (21) is used to distribute electrical signals to different preset frequency bands.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filtering unit (22) includes m frequency-selective protection components and n impedance matching components. One end of each of the m frequency-selective protection components is connected to the power divider (21), and the other end of each of the m frequency-selective protection components is connected to the detector comparison module (3). Both m and n are positive integers.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, For any one of the frequency-selective protection components, the frequency-selective protection component includes a first matched attenuator, a second matched attenuator, a filter and a limiter. The power divider (21) is connected to the filter through the first matched attenuator. The filter is connected to one end of the limiter through the second matched attenuator. The other end of the limiter is connected to the detector comparison module (3). The attenuation of the first matching attenuator is the same as that of the second matching attenuator.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, For any one of the impedance matching components, the impedance matching component includes a third matching attenuator and a load, and the power divider (21) is connected to the load through the third matching attenuator; The attenuation of the third matching attenuator, the second matching attenuator, and the first matching attenuator is the same.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The detection comparison module (3) includes a detection comparison component (31) and a power supply component (32). One end of the detection comparison component (31) is connected to the limiter, and the other end of the detection comparison component (31) is connected to the photoelectric conversion module. The power supply component (32) is connected to both the detection comparison component (31) and the photoelectric conversion module. The detection comparison component (31) is used to convert the input signal into an envelope waveform and compare the envelope waveform with a preset reference voltage. The power supply component (32) is used to provide the reference voltage and operating voltage to the detection comparison component (31). The input signal is an electrical signal processed by the attenuation filtering module (2).

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The photoelectric conversion module includes a beam splitter, m photoelectric converters and at least one suppressor. The number of suppressors is the same as the number of power supply modules. For any one of the photoelectric converters, one end of the photoelectric converter is connected to the detector comparator (31), the other end of the photoelectric converter is connected to the beam splitter, and the suppressor is connected to the power supply module.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The detection comparator (31) includes m identical detection comparators, and each detection comparator corresponds to a preset frequency band.

10. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antenna (11) has a biconical structure.

Images